DOCSLIB.ORG

EMPIRE, 1660-1770 by Christine Millen Walker a Dissertation In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
EMPIRE, 1660-1770 by Christine Millen Walker a Dissertation In TO BE MY OWN MISTRESS: WOMEN IN JAMAICA, ATLANTIC SLAVERY, AND THE CREATION OF BRITAIN’S AMERICAN EMPIRE, 1660-1770 by Christine Millen Walker A dissertation in progress towards fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2014 Doctoral Committee: Professor David J. Hancock, Chair Professor Trevor Burnard Professor Dena Goodman Professor Susan Juster Professor Mary Kelley Associate Professor Susan Scott Parrish © Christine Millen Walker 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is the product of my own Atlantic journey from Michigan to the United Kingdom and Jamaica. It was enriched along the way by the intellectual and financial generosity of numerous scholars, archivists, and institutions. The University of Michigan funded both my initial venture to Jamaica and a full year of essential research in the United Kingdom with an award from the International Institute and a Rackham Humanities Candidacy Fellowship. A Fulbright Grant made it possible for me to spend a year investigating colonial materials in Jamaica’s archives. The Henry Huntington Library provided a short-term fellowship to explore its rich holdings. Another generous fellowship from the University of Michigan, as well as a Mellon/ACLS Dissertation Completion Fellowship from the American Council of Learned Societies, allowed me to focus solely on writing. Archivists and librarians on both sides of the Atlantic patiently guided me through a wealth of sources. I am especially grateful for the help I received at the East Sussex Record Office, the Bristol Record Office, the National Archives of Scotland, the Jamaica Archives, the Island Record Office, and the National Library of Jamaica. I am most indebted to the History Department at the University of Michigan. Together, the faculty, graduate students, and staff created a vibrant and respectful academic environment that profoundly shaped me as a scholar. My dissertation committee manifested the Department’s commitment to excellence. David Hancock has far surpassed the duties of a Chair. He shrewdly urged me to visit archives off the beaten path and encouraged my focus on a colony that has ii traditionally been peripheral to the history of early America. A superb editor, David regularly devoted his nights and weekends to my chapters, thoroughly examining them from every angle and grappling with my unconventional usage of punctuation. He has continually challenged me to be a better scholar. More importantly, he has patiently and doggedly taught me to challenge myself, rather than resting on my laurels. Over the years, Susan Juster has been the perfect intellectual critic. Her thought-provoking questions, her uncanny ability to sum up the strengths and weaknesses of an argument, and her concise suggestions have significantly improved my scholarship. I can only hope to emulate Mary Kelley’s graciousness and generosity in the years to come. She has keenly and carefully molded my thinking about women, gender, and history to make me a more elegant writer. Dena Goodman has invested endless hours in discussing my work, and her intellectual capaciousness has helped me to formulate the fundamental arguments of my dissertation. Trevor Burnard has generously shared his unparalleled knowledge of colonial Jamaica, helping me to develop the historical narrative for my work. Living on the other side of the globe did not stop him from making invaluable contributions to dissertation meetings, even if it meant waking up at 3:00 a.m. Scotti Parrish carefully read the entire manuscript and offered insightful comments on how to address key issues. During my years in Ann Arbor, the diversely talented graduate students at the University of Michigan offered support and camaraderie. Daniel Livesay, Suzi Linsley, and Jennifer Palmer welcomed me into the Atlantic Studies Workshop. Emma Amador, Kara French, Rebecca Grapevine, and Cookie Woolner advanced my thinking about women, gender, and sexuality. Benjamin Hicklin and Edgardo Pérez Morales enthusiastically participated in discussions of Atlantic history. While I was in London, the British History in the Long Eighteenth Century seminar at the Institute of Historical Research provided an engaging scholarly base. In Jamaica, iii the faculty and graduate students at the University of the West Indies kindly invited me to join the Department of History and Archaeology seminar and offered essential comments on a dissertation chapter. James Robertson was a consummate guide to the island’s archives. Upon returning to North America, I was fortunate to share another chapter with the insightful participants in the Caribbean Studies Workshop at the University of Chicago. Cornelia Dayton, Amy Froide, Marisa Fuentes, Alison Games, Dave Gosse, Sheryllynne Haggerty, Aleric Josephs, Michele Mitchell, Kathleen Monteith, Christer Petley, David Ryden, and Nuala Zahedieh have all given valuable feedback along the way. Ultimately, my dissertation is a study of social and familial relationships, and these bonds have been no less significant in my own life. My mother Teresa Walker and my sister Toni Walker have held an unwavering belief in my academic ability. Bill Doyle enthusiastically read works on Atlantic history and attended one of my talks. Over the years, my friends Lauren Shapiro, Kevin Gonzalez, Karin Rinderknecht, and Zachary Katz have become surrogate family. More than anyone else, Paul Walsh is responsible for the completion of my dissertation. He enthusiastically travelled with me on research ventures in the United Kingdom, Jamaica, and North America. Paul read numerous drafts of my chapters (often aloud with a dramatic flourish), helped me crunch numbers and devise graphs, and reminded me to take the occasional day off. I am forever grateful for his commitment to my endeavors and eagerly await the new adventures we will embark upon together. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………..ii List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………………….vi List of Abbreviations………………………………………………………………………….....vii Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………….viii Prologue……………………………………………………………………………….…………..1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………10 Chapter 1: A New Model Colony: Gender, Slavery, and the Settlement of Jamaica……...……...39 2: The “Libertine” Island: Gender, Nonmarital Relations, and the Emergence of a Colonial Sexual Culture …………………………………………………………………72 3: “Till Death Do Us Part” Marriage, Inheritance, and the Rise of Equity Law…...…..130 4: Womanly Masters: Female Slave Ownership in Jamaica……………………………184 5: Pursuing Her Profits: Women, Gender, and Atlantic Commerce……………………221 6. To Be My Own Mistress: Women, Plantation Management, and Slavery…………..255 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………...............309 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………315 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Growth of Free and Enslaved Population, 1660-1730……………………………………….63 1.2 Comparison of Free and Enslaved Populations by Parish, 1731…………………………….67 1.3 Port Royal Population, 1731…………………………………………………………………68 1.4 Kingston Population, 1731…………………………………………………………………..69 2.1 Baptisms of Illegitimate Children, 1670-1769……………………………………………...103 2.2 Growth of Free Population, 1730-1775…………………………………………………….110 3.1 Growth of Free and Enslaved Population, 1662-1774……………………………………...136 3.2 Marital Status of Women Will-Makers, 1665-1757……………………………………..…163 3.3 Inventories of Women’s Estates, Proved in Jamaica, 1674-1784…………………………..179 3.4 Average Percent of Total Estate Value Allocated to Slaves, 1674-1784…………………..181 3.5 Slave Value as a Percent of Total Estate Value, 1674-1784………………………………..181 4.1 Herman Moll, “Negroland and Guinea” (1736, T. Bowles, London).……………………...189 6.1 Location of Spring Plantation at Liguanea in St. Andrew Parish. Thomas Craskell, “Map of the County Surrey, Jamaica” (1763, Library of Congress)...…………………266 6.2 Location of Mary Elbridge’s house in Kingston. Michael Hay, “Plan of Kingston” (1745, Library of Congress)…………………………………………………………….282 6.3 “A List of Negroes on Hope Estate” (1775, Huntington Library)………………………….297 6.4 “A Plan of Hope Plantation, in the parish of Saint Andrew, Jamaica belonging to the Duke of Chandos” (1788, Huntington Library)………………………………………...298 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BL British Library, London, England BRO Bristol Record Office, Bristol, England ESRO East Sussex Record Office, Lewes, England HL Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, California IRO Island Record Office, Twickenham Park, Jamaica JA Jamaica Archives, Spanish Town, Jamaica LPL Lambeth Palace Library, London, England NAE The National Archives of England, Kew, England NAS National Archives of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland NLJ National Library of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica NLS National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh WCL William L. Clements Library, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan WMQ The William and Mary Quarterly vii ABSTRACT This dissertation conceives of Jamaica, the wealthiest and largest slave-holding colony in the Atlantic World, as emblematic of the extraordinarily lucrative, yet profoundly exploitative practices that forged colonial societies throughout the British Empire. By 1768, nearly 167,000 enslaved people lived on the island. I demonstrate that free women of European and African descent were crucial investors in the expansion of American slavery, from which they derived considerable financial, legal, and social benefits. In addition to inheriting slaves, women across the social spectrum actively bought,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • After the Treaties: a Social, Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica, 1739-1842
    University of Southampton Research Repository Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis and, where applicable, any accompanying data are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis and the accompanying data cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content of the thesis and accompanying research data (where applicable) must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder/s. When referring to this thesis and any accompanying data, full bibliographic details must be given, e.g. Thesis: Author (Year of Submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University Faculty or School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. University of Southampton Department of History After the Treaties: A Social, Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica, 1739-1842 Michael Sivapragasam A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History June 2018 i ii UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY Doctor of Philosophy After the Treaties: A Social, Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica, 1739-1842 Michael Sivapragasam This study is built on an investigation of a large number of archival sources, but in particular the Journals and Votes of the House of the Assembly of Jamaica, drawn from resources in Britain and Jamaica. Using data drawn from these primary sources, I assess how the Maroons of Jamaica forged an identity for themselves in the century under slavery following the peace treaties of 1739 and 1740.
    [Show full text]
  • The E Slaved People of Patto Pla Tatio Brazoria Cou Ty
    Varner-Hogg Plantation and State Historical Park THE ESLAVED PEOPLE OF PATTO PLATATIO BRAZORIA COUTY, TEXAS Research Compiled By Cary Cordova Draft Submitted May 22, 2000 Compiled by Cary Cordova [email protected] Varner-Hogg Plantation and State Historical Park Research Compiled By Cary Cordova THE ESLAVED PEOPLE OF PATTO PLATATIO BRAZORIA COUTY, TEXAS The following is a list of all people known to have been slaves on the Columbus R. Patton Plantation from the late 1830s to 1865 in West Columbia, Texas. The list is by no means comprehensive, but it is the result of compiling information from the probate records, deeds, bonds, tax rolls, censuses, ex-slave narratives, and other relevant historical documents. Each person is listed, followed by a brief analysis if possible, and then by a table of relevant citations about their lives. The table is organized as first name, last name (if known), age, sex, relevant year, the citation, and the source. In some cases, not enough information exists to know much of anything. In other cases, I have been able to determine family lineages and relationships that have been lost over time. However, this is still a work in process and deserves significantly more time to draw final conclusions. Patton Genealogy : The cast of characters can become confusing at times, so it may be helpful to begin with a brief description of the Patton family. John D. Patton (1769-1840) married Annie Hester Patton (1774-1843) and had nine children, seven boys and two girls. The boys were Columbus R. (~1812-1856), Mathew C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Urbanization on Natural Resources in Jamaica
    Doneika Simms. The Effects of Urbanization on Natural Resources in Jamaica . 44th ISOCARP Congress 2008 THE EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION ON NATURAL RESOURCES IN JAMAICA BACKGROUND OF STUDY AREA Jamaica is the third largest island in the Caribbean, comprising of approximately 4,400 sq. miles or 10,991 square kilometers in area. Over two-thirds of the country’s land resources consist of a central range of hills and mountains, with the Blue Mountain Range being the most significant, ranging over 6000 ft. in height (GOJ, 1994; Clarke, 2006). This means that urban development in areas such as the capital city of Kingston and other principal towns such as Montego Bay and Ocho Rios is limited to the relatively small amount of flat lands most of which has a coastal location (see figure 1). Figure 1 Showing a Map of Jamaica and the Various Cities along the Coast Source: http://www.sangstersrealty.com/jamaica_map.htm Although a significant portion of the terrain is mountainous, in several places the coastal plain extends to form broad embayments. Among these, a dry embankment on the south side of the island known as the Liguanea Plain has been occupied by the city of Kingston. The built-up area of the city spreads over 50 sq. miles and comprises the parish of Kingston and the suburban section of St. Andrew. The city is located on the eastern side of the island which is sheltered from the north-east trade winds by the Blue Mountains, hence being ideal for the major seaport of the country- the Kingston Harbour (Clarke, 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • The Discipline of Theseas
    INSTITUTIONEN FÖR LITTERATUR, IDÉHISTORIA OCH RELIGION The Discipline of the Seas Piracy and polity in England: 1688–1698 Johan Berglund Björk Term: Spring 2020 Course ID: LIR207, 30 HEC Level: Master Supervisor: Johan Kärnfelt 1 Abstract Master’s thesis in history of ideas Title: The Discipline of the Seas: Piracy and Polity, 1688. Author: Johan Berglund Björk Year: Spring 2020 Department: The Faculty of Arts at the University of Gothenburg Supervisor: Johan Kärnfelt Examiner: Henrik Björk Keywords: Piracy; Henry Every; Matthew Tindall; Philip Meadows; subjecthood; sovereignty; jurisdiction. This thesis is a study of the changing legal and political climate surrounding piracy in England in the years 1688-1698, between the Glorious Revolution and the passing in parliament of the Piracy Act 1698. During this time views of piracy changed in London where pirates were no longer seen as beneficial, but instead as obstacles to orderly trade. The aim of this thesis is to investigate English legal and political-theoretical writing on piracy and sovereignty of the seas to further understanding of what kinds of legal spaces oceans were in early modern English political thought, and the role of pirates as actors in those spaces. This is achieved by a study of legal and theoretical texts, which focuses on the concepts subjecthood, jurisdiction and sovereignty in relation to piracy. I show that piracy became a blanket-term of delegitimization applied to former kings as well as poor sailors and that the English struggle for the suppression of piracy was ideological as well as practical. By contrasting legal and political theory with its realpolitikal context I show that diplomatic and economic concerns often eclipsed theory when judging pirates in legal praxis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kingston Metropolitan Area's (KMA) Ability to Respond to a Magnitude 6.5 Or Above Earthquake Nicole Warmington-Granston Florida International University
    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons DRR Student Publications Extreme Events Institute 2011 The Kingston Metropolitan Area's (KMA) Ability to Respond to a Magnitude 6.5 or Above Earthquake Nicole Warmington-Granston Florida International University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/drr_student Recommended Citation Warmington-Granston, N. (2011). The Kingston Metropolitan Area's (KMA) ability to respond to a magnitude 6.5 or above earthquake. Disaster Risk Reduction Program, Florida International University. This work is brought to you for free and open access by the Extreme Events Institute at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in DRR Student Publications by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DISASTER RISK REDUCTION of the AMERICAS PROGRAM REPORT On The Kingston Metropolitan Area’s (KMA) Ability to Respond to a Magnitude 6.5 or Above Earthquake Nicole Warmington-Granston PhD Student & Research Assistant Disaster Risk Reduction Program Florida International University Submitted to: Dr. Richard S. Olson Dr. Juan Pablo Sarmiento Dr. Gabriela Hoberman The Structure of the Kingston Metropolitan Area The Kingston Metropolitan Area (KMA) consists of the parish of Kingston and parts of the parish of St. Andrew, which includes “Six Miles to the west, Stony Hill to the north, Papine to the northeast and Harbour View to the east, [and] communities in urban and suburban Saint Andrew” 1. Kingston has the rare distinction of being a parish, city and capital. It is also considered the 7 th largest natural harbour in the world. The parish of Kingston includes ‘downtown’, the Palisadoes Strip, where the Norman Manley International Airport is located and Port Royal.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Violence in the Slaveholding Regimes of Louisiana and Texas: Patterns of Abuse in Black Testimony
    Sexual Violence in the Slaveholding Regimes of Louisiana and Texas: Patterns of Abuse in Black Testimony Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy by Andrea Helen Livesey June 2015 UAbstract This study is concerned with the sexual abuse of enslaved women and girls by white men in the antebellum South. Interviews conducted by the Federal Writers’ Project in the 1930s are studied alongside nineteenth-century narratives of the formerly enslaved in order to make calculations of the scale of abuse in the South, but also to discover which conditions, social spaces and situations were, and possibly still are, most conducive to the sexual abuse of women and girls. This thesis is separated into two parts. Part One establishes a methodology for working with testimony of the formerly enslaved and determines the scale of sexual abuse using all available 1930s interviews with people who had lived in Louisiana and Texas under slavery. This systematic quantitative analysis is a key foundation from which to interpret the testimony of abuse that is explored according to different forms of sexual violence in Part Two. It is argued that abuse was endemic in the South, and occurred on a scale that was much higher than has been argued in previous studies. Enslaved people could experience a range of white male sexually abusive behaviours: rape, sexual slavery and forced breeding receive particular attention in this study due to the frequency with which they were mentioned by the formerly enslaved. These abuses are conceptualised as existing on a continuum of sexual violence that, alongside other less frequently mentioned practices, pervaded the lives of all enslaved people.
    [Show full text]
  • The Youth of Early Modern Women the Youth of Early Modern Women Gendering the Late Medieval and Early Modern World
    GENDERING THE LATE MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN WORLD Cohen and Reeves (eds) Cohen The Youth of Early Modern Women Modern Early of Youth The Edited by Elizabeth S. Cohen and Margaret Reeves The Youth of Early Modern Women The Youth of Early Modern Women Gendering the Late Medieval and Early Modern World Series editors: James Daybell (Chair), Victoria E. Burke, Svante Norrhem, and Merry Wiesner-Hanks This series provides a forum for studies that investigate women, gender, and/ or sexuality in the late medieval and early modern world. The editors invite proposals for book-length studies of an interdisciplinary nature, including, but not exclusively, from the fields of history, literature, art and architectural history, and visual and material culture. Consideration will be given to both monographs and collections of essays. Chronologically, we welcome studies that look at the period between 1400 and 1700, with a focus on any part of the world, as well as comparative and global works. We invite proposals including, but not limited to, the following broad themes: methodologies, theories and meanings of gender; gender, power and political culture; monarchs, courts and power; constructions of femininity and masculinity; gift-giving, diplomacy and the politics of exchange; gender and the politics of early modern archives; gender and architectural spaces (courts, salons, household); consumption and material culture; objects and gendered power; women’s writing; gendered patronage and power; gendered activities, behaviours, rituals and fashions. The Youth of Early Modern Women Edited by Elizabeth S. Cohen and Margaret Reeves Amsterdam University Press Cover image: Hans Baldung Grien, The Seven Ages of Woman (1544-1545).
    [Show full text]
  • ZIP MAIL LOCATIONS Delivers at the Post ONLY
    ZIP MAIL LOCATIONS Delivers at the Post ONLY Black River Collection and delivery Above Rocks delivery only Bridgeport Collection and delivery Alexandria delivery only Brown’s Town Collection and delivery Allman Town delivery only Buff Bay Collection and delivery Annotto Bay delivery only Chapelton Collection and delivery Bamboo delivery only Christiana Collection and delivery Bog Walk delivery only Constant Spring Collection and delivery Bull Bay delivery only Cross Roads Collection and delivery Claremont delivery only CSO Collection and delivery Denbigh delivery only Discovery Bay Collection and delivery Denham Town delivery only Duncans Collection and delivery Fairy Hill delivery only Ewarton Collection and delivery Four Paths delivery only Falmouth Collection and delivery Frome delivery only General Post Office Collection and delivery Golden Grove delivery only Greater Portmore Collection and delivery Gordon Town delivery only Gregory Park Collection and delivery Grange Hill delivery only Half Moon Collection and delivery Green Island delivery only Half-Way-Tree Collection and delivery Hagley Park delivery only Highgate Collection and delivery Harbour View delivery only Liguanea Collection and delivery Hayes delivery only Linstead Collection and delivery Jones Town delivery only Lucea Collection and delivery Junction delivery only Mandeville Collection and delivery Knockpatrick delivery only May Pen Collection and delivery Lawrence Tavern delivery only Meadowbridge Collection and delivery Lionel Town delivery only Mona Collection and
    [Show full text]
  • Clotel; Or, the President's Daughter
    Clotel; or, The President's Daughter William Wells Brown Project Gutenberg Etext of Clotel; or, The President's Daughter by William Wells Brown (1853 edition) See Apr 1995 Clotelle; or The Colored Heroine by Wm Wells Brown [clotlxxx.xxx] 241 Based on a separate source edition. Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before posting these files!! Please take a look at the important information in this header. We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an electronic path open for the next readers. Do not remove this. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **Etexts Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *These Etexts Prepared By Hundreds of Volunteers and Donations* Information on contacting Project Gutenberg to get Etexts, and further information is included below. We need your donations. Clotel; or, The President's Daughter by William Wells Brown January, 2000 [Etext #2046] ******The Project Gutenberg Etext of Clotel, by W.W. Brown****** *****This file should be named clotl10a.txt or clol110a.zip***** Corrected EDITIONS of our etexts get a new NUMBER, clotl11a.txt VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, clotl10b.txt Project Gutenberg Etexts are usually created from multiple editions, all of which are in the Public Domain in the United States, unless a copyright notice is included. Therefore, we usually do NOT keep any of these books in compliance with any particular paper edition. We are now trying to release all our books one month in advance of the official release dates, leaving time for better editing.
    [Show full text]
  • Kingston and St. Andrew Water Supply Schedule
    MAY 7, 2019 KINGSTON AND ST. ANDREW WATER SUPPLY SCHEDULE Water Supply Scheduled Times of Areas to be Supplied System Supply Havendale/Chancery 10:00 p.m. – 10:00 a.m. Havendale, Havenmead, Smokey Vale, Hydra Hall Daily Drive Relift, Ursa Major, Belgrade Heights, West Meade, Roehampton circle. Valve Operations 09:00 p.m. – 04:00 a.m. Cookhamdene, Tavistock, Millsborough Lower Jacks Hill Daily Valve Operations 04:00a.m – 09:00pm Barbican, Paddington Terrace and Dillsbury Lower Jacks Hill Daily Avenue Forest Hills 4:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m. Meadowbrook Estate, Perkins Boulevard, Daily Queensborough, Abberville Avenue, Duhaney 4:00 p.m. – 10:00 p.m. Drive, Patrick City. Daily Constant Spring 10:00 p.m. – 10:00 a.m. Constant Spring Gardens, Upper Manning’s Hill (Restrict at Grants Daily Road, Crane Ave, Upper section of Valentines Pen) Gardens, Upper section of Red Hills Road. White Hall Gardens, , Wayne Close, Beverly Dale, Whitehall, Merrivale, Calabar Mews and Roads Leading Off Constant Spring Monday, Wednesday, Grosvenor Heights, Mannings Hill Road and (Restrict at Manor Friday Roads Leading Off Park) (based on fluctuations in production) Constant Monday, Wednesday, Cassia Park, Moreton Park and Roads leading Spring/Molynes Friday Off Booster Constant Monday, Wednesday, Olympic Gardens, Seaward Drive, Waltham Spring/Mona Friday and Sundays Park, Bayfarm, Cockburn Gardens, Seivwright Gardens Constant Spring/ New connection supplied Penwood Avenue, Bayfarm Road, and Roads Boulevard daily Leading Off Constant Tuesday, Thursday, Molynes Road, Ziadie Gardens, State Gardens, Spring/Mona Saturdays Dunrobin Avenue, Dunrobin Court* (Trucking based on fluctuations in production) *2 1000 gallons tanks were delivered to Dunrobin Court to alleviate supply issues Constant Spring Alternate Days 6:00 am to Trench Town, Jones Town, Arnett Gardens Supply from 8:00 pm Montgomery Corner Tank Mona 04:00 a.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Grosvenor Prints Catalogue
    Grosvenor Prints Tel: 020 7836 1979 19 Shelton Street [email protected] Covent Garden www.grosvenorprints.com London WC2H 9JN Catalogue 111 Item 141, Hogarth's The Rake's Progress, one of eight plates. ` Cover: Detail of item 119 Back: Detail of Item 80 Registered in England No. 305630 Registered Office: 2, Castle Business Village, Station Road, Hampton, Middlesex. TW12 2BX. Rainbrook Ltd. Directors: N.C. Talbot. T.D.M. Rainment. C.E. Ellis. E&OE VAT No. 217 6907 49 1. Raphael's Witch!!! or the Oracle of the Future, by the Author of the Prophetic Messenger. With Coloured Designs on Copper, by R. Cruikshank & The Author, a a Piece of Music by Blewitt. London: William Charleton Wright. Paternoster Row [n.d., c.1831]. 8vo, original half calf gilt, marbled boards, first edition; pp. 23+180; with coloured title and two coloured folding plates, both very defective. Binding distressed. £260 A book containing various methods of fortune telling. According to the Preface ''This book is adapted to lay 4. [Dawn & Dusk] Hoffnung! Ahnerin Dess, about in drawing-rooms - to be read in gardens and was vergessen uns jegliche Pein macht!... [&] groves - to ornament the boudoir - for amusement in Wiedersehn - das werd ich! Dich untergehende evening parties, as an innocent substitute for cards - to Sonne!... be consulted in every mood of mind and temper. For H. Lips del. et sculp. 1804. singular as it may seem, not a thought can arise, nor a Pair of stipples, printed in sepia. 245 x 195mm (9¾ x wish originate, but the LADY-WITCH OF RAPHAEL 7¾"), large margins £260 will easily solve and satisfy.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Title of Lesson: Slavery, Wealth, and the Emancipation Proclamation In
    Title of Lesson: Slavery, Wealth, and the Emancipation Proclamation in Alabama (Suggested Grade Level 10) Author Information: Dallas Hanbury Montgomery County Archives Archivist Montgomery County Archives, Montgomery County Alabama 101 South Lawrence Street. Montgomery, AL 36104 Background Information: The teacher should read and gain familiarity with the attached inventory of Montgomery County, Alabama plantation owner Alexander Carter. Overview of lesson: Students will use primary source documents to learn that prior to the Civil War, slavery acted as the dominant economic system in Alabama and for some represented a way to generate significant personal wealth. Students will also learn that the abolishment of slavery as an outcome of the Emancipation Proclamation resulted in the economic demise of many southerners whose wealth depended on owning enslaved people to work their plantations and other businesses. Content Standards: From the 2010 Alabama Course of Study: Social Studies Tenth Grade, Standard 9: Explain dynamics of economic nationalism during the Era of Good Feelings, including transportation systems, Henry Clay’s American System, slavery and the emergence of the plantation system, and the beginning of industrialism in the Northeast. Examples: Waltham-Lowell system, “old” immigration, changing technologies Literacy Standard R.H.1: Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, attending to such features as the date and origin of the information. 1 Primary Learning Objective (s): Learn that slavery acted as the dominant economic system in Alabama until the Civil War. Comprehend that slavery generated great personal wealth for some Alabamians. Understand that when the Emancipation Proclamation abolished slavery, those who owned slaves often lost a great deal, or all, of their wealth.
    [Show full text]