Yemen's Transition Process
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Women's Struggle for Citizenship
OCTOBER 2017 Women’s Struggle for Citizenship: Civil Society and Constitution Making after the Arab Uprisings JOSÉ S. VERICAT Cover Photo: Marchers on International ABOUT THE AUTHORS Women’s Day, Cairo, Egypt, March 8, 2011. Al Jazeera English. JOSÉ S. VERICAT is an Adviser at the International Peace Institute. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this paper represent those of the author Email: [email protected] and not necessarily those of the International Peace Institute. IPI welcomes consideration of a wide range of perspectives in the pursuit of ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS a well-informed debate on critical policies and issues in international The author would like to thank Mohamed Elagati and affairs. Nidhal Mekki for their useful feedback. This project would not have seen the light of day without the input of dozens IPI Publications of civil society activists from Egypt, Tunisia, and Yemen, as Adam Lupel, Vice President well as several from Libya and Syria, who believed in its Albert Trithart, Associate Editor value and selflessly invested their time and energy into it. Madeline Brennan, Assistant Production Editor To them IPI is very grateful. Within IPI, Amal al-Ashtal and Waleed al-Hariri provided vital support at different stages Suggested Citation: of the project’s execution. José S. Vericat, “Women’s Struggle for Citizenship: Civil Society and IPI owes a debt of gratitude to its many donors for their Constitution Making after the Arab generous support. In particular, IPI would like to thank the Uprisings,” New York: International governments of Finland and Norway for making this Peace Institute, October 2017. publication possible. -
Reporters Without Borders TV5 Monde Prize 2015 Nominees
Reporters Without Borders TV5 Monde Prize 2015 Nominees Journalist Category Mahmoud Abou Zeid, aka Shawkan (Egypt) “I am a photojournalist, not a criminal,” Shawkan wrote from Tora prison in February. “My indefinite detention is psychologically unbearable. Not even animals would survive in these conditions." Shawkan is an Egyptian freelance photojournalist who has been in pretrial detention for more than 760 days. He was arrested on 14 August 2013 while providing the US photojournalism agency Demotix and the US digital media company Corbis with coverage of the violence used to disperse demonstrations by deposed President Mohamed Morsi’s supporters in Rabiaa AlAwadiya Square. Three journalists were killed that day in connection with their work Aged 28, Shawkan covered developments in Egypt closely from Mubarak’s fall to Morsi’s overthrow and on several occasions obtained striking shots of the popular unrest. His detention became illegal in August of this year because, under Egyptian law, pretrial detention may surpass two years only in exceptional cases. Few people in Egypt have ever been held pending trial as long as him. A date has finally been set for the start of his trial, 12 December 2015, when he will be prosecuted before a Cairo criminal court along with more than 700 other defendants including members of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was declared a terrorist organization in December 2013. Many charges have been brought against him without any evidence, according to his lawyer, Karim Abdelrady. The most serious include joining a banned organization [the Muslim Brotherhood], murder, attacking the security forces and possession of weapons. -
YEMEN: Humanitarian Snapshot (November 2013)
YEMEN: Humanitarian Snapshot (November 2013) Fifty eight per cent of Yemen’s population (14.7 million out of 25.2 million people) are affected by the humanitarian crisis and Internal displacement 3/4 will need assistance next year, the crisis is compounded by a lack of basic services, weak state authority and poor resource (Cumulative figures - 30 Oct 2013) management. 13 million people lack access to improved water sources, while 8.6 million lack access to basic health care. 306,964 IDPs There are also more than 500,000 IDPs, returnees and other marginalized people, and 242,944 refugees, mostly Somalis. 227,954 returnees Displaced/Returnees in 45%thousands Humanitarian Reponse Plan 2014 IDPs Identified Severe Needs Returnees 10 Food Security About 400,000 Yemeni migrant SAUDI ARABIA 306 307 306 307 307 307 5 OMAN 6 million moderately food insecure workers returned since April OMAN 232 232 233 228 228 228 4.5 million are severely food insecure May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 72% of the total returnees (227,954) SAUDI ARABIA country-wide, are in the south. % of food- insecure people 103,014 > 75% 50.1% - 75% 25.1 - 50% SA'ADA Refugees and new <= 25% 7 Sa'adahDammaj AL JAWF Al Maharah 3 Nutrition No data 64,758 arrivals in 2013 779,000 children acutely malnourished 24,700 (Cumulative figures - October 2013) 279,000 children severely acutely Haradh 42,191 malnourished Al Ghaydah 242,944 Refugees (as of Oct 2013) Al Hazm 91 81,919 3 Al Ghaydah AMRAN Al Jawf Hadramaut 62,851 New arrivals (Jan-Oct 2013) HAJJAH AMANAT AL MAHARAH YEMEN Trend analysis -
Struggle for Citizenship.Indd
From the struggle for citizenship to the fragmentation of justice Yemen from 1990 to 2013 Erwin van Veen CRU Report From the struggle for citizenship to the fragmentation of justice FROM THE STRUGGLE FOR CITIZENSHIP TO THE FRAGMENTATION OF JUSTICE Yemen from 1990 to 2013 Erwin van Veen Conflict Research Unit, The Clingendael Institute February 2014 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders. Clingendael Institute P.O. Box 93080 2509 AB The Hague The Netherlands Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.clingendael.nl/ Table of Contents Executive summary 7 Acknowledgements 11 Abbreviations 13 1 Introduction 14 2 Selective centralisation of the state: Commerce and security through networked rule 16 Enablers: Tribes, remittances, oil and civil war 17 Tools: Violence, business and religion 21 The year 2011 and the National Dialogue Conference 26 The state of justice in 1990 and 2013 28 3 Trend 1: The ‘instrumentalisation’ of state-based justice 31 Key strategies in the instrumentalisation of justice 33 Consequences of politicisation and instrumentalisation 34 4 Trend 2: The weakening of tribal customary law 38 Functions and characteristics of tribal law 40 Key factors that have weakened tribal law 42 Consequences of weakened tribal law 44 Points of connection -
Patterns of Torture in Bahrain: Perpetrators Must Face Justice
Patterns of Torture in Bahrain: Perpetrators must Face Justice A Report by the Gulf Centre for Human Rights (GCHR) March 2021 Patterns of Torture in Bahrain: Perpetrators must Face Justice I. Executive Summary 3 II. Methodology 4 III. Introduction 5 1. Patterns of Torture 6 1.1 The Prevalence of Torture in the Bahraini Justice System and Extraction of Confessions by Torture 6 1.2 Gross Violations of Fair Trial Rights and Due Process: The Admissibility of Confessions Extracted by Torture in Criminal Proceedings 10 1.3 The Use of Torture and its Chilling Effect on Exercising the Rights to Freedom of Expression, Assembly and Association 11 1.4 Torture and Travel Bans in Reprisal against Human Rights Defenders who Interact with International Human Rights Mechanisms 12 2. Ending the Culture of Impunity: Ensuring that Perpetrators of Torture are Held Accountable 14 2.1 Tackling the Culture of Impunity within Bahrain 14 2.2 Ensuring International Accountability by Moving Away from a Culture of Complicity in the International Community 15 3. Conclusion 20 4. Recommendations 21 4.1 Recommendations to the Government of Bahrain 21 4.2 Recommendations to the International Community 21 2 Patterns of Torture in Bahrain: Perpetrators must Face Justice I. Executive Summary This report provides a comprehensive overview of the specific ways and means by which torture is perpetrated in Bahrain, with a particular focus on the period since the 2011 popular movement and the violent crackdown that followed. The report documents the widespread use of forms of -
Ccpr/C/Bhr/Co/1
United Nations CCPR/C/BHR/CO/1 International Covenant on Distr.: General 15 November 2018 Civil and Political Rights Original: English Human Rights Committee Concluding observations on the initial report of Bahrain* 1. The Committee considered the initial report of Bahrain (CCPR/C/BHR/1) at its 3492nd and 3493rd meetings (see CCPR/C/SR.3492 and 3493), held on 3 and 4 July 2018. At its 3516th meeting, held on 19 July 2018, it adopted the present concluding observations. A. Introduction 2. The Committee welcomes the submission of the initial report of Bahrain, albeit 10 years late, and the information presented therein. It expresses appreciation for the opportunity to engage in a constructive dialogue with the State party’s high-level delegation on the measures taken by the State party to implement the provisions of the Covenant. The Committee is grateful to the State party for its written replies (CCPR/C/BHR/Q/1/Add.1) to the list of issues (CCPR/C/BHR/Q/1), which were supplemented by the oral responses provided by the delegation, and for the supplementary information provided to it in writing. B. Positive aspects 3. The Committee welcomes the following legislative and institutional steps taken by the State party: (a) The adoption in July 2011 of Royal Order No. 28 establishing the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry, which was tasked with investigating and reporting on the events that took place in Bahrain in February and March 2011; (b) The adoption on 26 November 2011 of Royal Order No. 45 establishing the national commission responsible for giving effect to recommendation No. -
I a STUDY of WEST ASIA THROUGH the PRISM of SHIA-SUNNI
i A STUDY OF WEST ASIA THROUGH THE PRISM OF SHIA-SUNNI CONFLICT: IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIA A Dissertation submitted to the Panjab University, Chandigarh in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Master of Philosophy in Social Sciences By Brigadier Rakesh Manocha, SM, VSM (Roll No. 4420) Under the guidance of Dr Sachin Chowdhry 44th Advance Professional Programme In Public Administration (2018-19) Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi ii CERTIFICATE I have the pleasure to certify that Brig Rakesh Manocha, SM, VSM has pursued his research work and prepared the present dissertation titled ‘A Study of West Asia through the Prism of Shia-Sunni Conflict: Implications for India’ under my guidance and supervision. The dissertation is the result of his own research and to the best of my knowledge, no part of it has earlier comprised any other monograph, dissertation or book. This is being submitted to the Panjab University, Chandigarh, in partial fulfilment of award of Master of Philosophy in Social Sciences based on curriculum of Advance Professional Programme in Public Administration (APPPA) at Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA), New Delhi. I recommend that the dissertation of Brig Rakesh Manocha, SM, VSM is worthy of consideration for the award of M.Phil degree of Panjab University, Chandigarh. Dr Sachin Chowdhry Supervisor and Guide IIPA, Delhi iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At the outset I wish to acknowledge the opportunity provided by the Indian Institute of Public Administration, Delhi to pursue research on the fascinating subject of West Asia through the prism of Sectarian Divide in the post American invasion of 2003 and its repercussions on India. -
Security and Humanitarian Situation
Country Information and Guidance Yemen: Security and humanitarian situation Version 1.0 November 2015 Preface This document provides country of origin information (COI) and guidance to Home Office decision makers on handling particular types of protection and human rights claims. This includes whether claims are likely to justify the granting of asylum, humanitarian protection or discretionary leave and whether – in the event of a claim being refused – it is likely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under s94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Decision makers must consider claims on an individual basis, taking into account the case specific facts and all relevant evidence, including: the guidance contained with this document; the available COI; any applicable caselaw; and the Home Office casework guidance in relation to relevant policies. Country Information The COI within this document has been compiled from a wide range of external information sources (usually) published in English. Consideration has been given to the relevance, reliability, accuracy, objectivity, currency, transparency and traceability of the information and wherever possible attempts have been made to corroborate the information used across independent sources, to ensure accuracy. All sources cited have been referenced in footnotes. It has been researched and presented with reference to the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI), dated April 2008, and the European Asylum Support Office’s research guidelines, Country of Origin Information report methodology, dated July 2012. Feedback Our goal is to continuously improve the guidance and information we provide. Therefore, if you would like to comment on this document, please e-mail us. -
Yemeni Women in Transition How Development Cooperation Could Fit In
% -<6^'o ;• V -I' ^ •••1, '"s',_.-. ' ; i.j.. ;. '.-•; i t •--•"' Yemeni Women in Transition how development cooperation could fit in Joke Buringa Ministry of Foreign Affairs Directorate General for International Cooperation P.O. Box 20061 2500 EB The Hague The Netherlands The Hague, 1988 bo ^3 Y5SS f5c TI33 <9 © Copyright Ministry of Foreign Affairs/ Directorate General for International Cooperation P.O Box 20061, 2500 EB The Hague, The Netherlands and author. Brief quotations from this report are allowed without special permission when accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Quotations of over 500 words need written permission from Ministry of Foreign Affairs and author. -U •Y IMTt.wHAi'^'At Contents -.^IA ••:•- ';'':'-<; _ 1 ?•--•• . '-••:} ..O. 2c 09 AD I no hc.g'J© '•• : ... v}70) 814911 ext 141/142 Acknowl edgemen ts <' . .is ..-;-• • --. •>:-•-. .-I - - Introduction l i Summary Chapter 1: Perspectives on Women and Development (WAD) 1.1. Introduction 11 1.2. WAD in International Perspective 11 1.2.1. After Nairobi 1985 12 1.3. Yemeni WAD Policy 14 1.4. Dutch WAD Policy 17 1.4.1. Dutch WAD Mission, November 1986 19 1.5. The Dilemma of WAD Activities in the YAR 21 Chapter 2: Context of WAD Activities in the YAR 2.1. Introduction 25 2.2. Overview 25 2.3. Strategies, Policies and Actions 33 2.3.1. Women's Organisations 33 2.3.2. Policy of the YAR Government 34 2.3.3. Activities of NGOs and Donor Organisations 35 Chapter J: Situation of Women 3.1. Introduction 39 3.2. Social Status of Women 39 3.3. -
Ka'b Al-Ahbar: Founder of the Transformation Jewish Tradition to Islam
Ka'b Al-Ahbar: Founder of the Transformation Jewish Tradition to Islam Khoirul Anwar1, Abu Hapsin2, Nazar Nurdin3, Ubbadul Adzkiya4, Iman Fadhilah5, Tedi Kholiludin6 Lembaga Studi Sosial dan Agama Semarang1 Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang2,3 Universitas Wahid Hasyim, Semarang, Indonesia4,5,6 {[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]} Abstract. The purpose of writing this paper is to conduct an in-depth exploration of the role of Ka'b Al-Ahbar in exporting the Jewish tradition to Islam. This study found Ka'b's role in the transformation of Jews to Islam was very striking compared to other figures such as Abdullah bin Salam and Wahb bin Munabbih. Ka'b showed his capacity as a dignified Islamic intellectual because in addition to being a reference for asking the Sabahat about Jewish religious traditions, it was also permissible to share stories of previous religions with Muslims. This transformation of the story of the Jews in Islam (isra'iliyyat) was successful because the explanation of the Koran about the previous people was very brief. This fact refutes the opinion of scholars who call him a critic of Islam. Keywords: Ka'b Al-Ahbar; Israilliyyat; Jewish Tradition; Islam 1 Introduction In Islamic literature, the biography of the Prophet Muhammad can be found from stories that come from the Israelites or the Jews. These studies are called israʻiliyyat or stories that come from Jewish, Christian or other religious sources [1, pp. 13–14]. The name israʻiliyyat refers more to the son of Ya'qub bin Ishaq (Nation of Israel) because Jewish sources are more dominant. -
Reviving the Peace Process in Yemen
EMBASSY OF THE REPUBLIC OF YEMEN Washington, DC Reviving the Peace Process in Yemen May 2018 Reviving the Peace Process in Yemen May 2018 © EMBASSY OF THE REPUBLIC OF YEMEN Washington, DC Reviving the Peace Process in Yemen Introduction Things have changed dramati- It has been more than three years cally in Yemen since 2014. And since the coup of September it is imperative to examine what 2014 that resulted in the take- had happened since then to over of the capital city of Sanaa. avoid mistakes and revive the And despite the Government’s peace process. sincere efforts and the inter- More Than Three Years Since national community’s backing the Coup and support for the United Na- Soon after the Houthis and their tions-led peace process, a politi- erstwhile ally, former president cal settlement to end the war has Ali Abdullah Saleh, had perpe- yet to be reached. trated a coup d'etat in September 2014, they hastily rushed to con- The humanitarian situation in solidate their grip on Yemen by Yemen has also been exacerbat- advancing to take over state in- ed ever since, and is, without a stitutions and invade the rest of doubt, linked to the current polit- Yemen’s governorates including ical stalemate. It is true that there the south. is no military solution to the Ye- meni crisis; but it is also true that The Houthis believed that they without any military pressure, could achieve by force what they the Houthis will never genuine- have failed to do through dia- ly accept a peaceful sustainable logue during the National Dia- political settlement, which is the logue Conference (NDC). -
Al-Qa'ida in Arab Peninsula Secretary General Calls for Attacks in Yemen, Somalia
Al-Qa'ida in Arab Peninsula Secretary General Calls For Attacks in Yemen, Somalia April 19, 2009 [Please note: Images may have been removed from this document. Page numbers have been added.] Terrorism : Al-Qa'ida in Arabian Peninsula Secretary General Calls For More Attacks in Yemen, Somalia On 18 April, a forum participant posted to a jihadist website a statement with links to a 15-minute and 38-second video of a speech by Abu-Sufyan al-Azadi, the secretary general of Al- Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula. The speech, entitled "Victory From God and a Looming Conquest," was released by the Al-Malahim Media Establishment. In the speech, Al-Azadi calls for more attacks against western interest in the Gulf of Aden and Djibouti in support of the "mujahidin" in Somalia. The video begins with a picture of Al-Azadi next to a map of the Arabian Peninsula with the title of the video displayed. A translation of the statement follows: "Thanks be to God, the Lord of all creation. No aggression except on the unjust. Prayers and peace be upon he whom God sent as mercy to the world, his people and all of his companions. "To our amir, the amir of the faithful Mullah Muhammad Omar; to our shaykh and the leader of our jihad, Abu-Abdullah, Usama bin Ladin and the wise man of our nation Dr Ayman al- Zawahiri. May God protect them all. "We tell you that we will not watch you as the countries of the cross and their helpers prepare to eliminate you and destroy your group.