July 25 2019 REFERENCE LIST: Better Transit Now http://www.ttcriders.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/BetterTransitNow_TTCriders_ForWeb.pdf

1. CodeRedTO. (2018). Mixed Signals: Transit in a North American Context. Retrieved from https://coderedto.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/CodeRedTO_MixedSignals.pdf. 2. TransformTO. (2017). Toronto’s 2017 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory. City of Toronto. Retrieved from https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/environmentally-friendly-city- initiatives/transformto/torontos-greenhouse-gas-inventory/ 3. All GHG calculations are based on average trip of 7.5km, 1.12 passengers per car and 35% average load based on crowding standards throughout day (except transit priority, which uses 100% of peak-load). Detailed calculations can be found here https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11bAzbICOK8MKcUpIGFMMptr_rDVV5KhJpsvES0uVcCA/edit?us p=sharing 4. Natural Resources Canada. (2019 July) Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator. Retrieved from http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/corporate/statistics/neud/dpa/calculator/ghg-calculator.cfm#results 5. Urban Forestry Network. Trees Improve our Air Quality. Retrieved from http://urbanforestrynetwork.org/benefits/air%20quality.htm 6. Ben Spurr. (2019 May). Nearly a third of TTC bus and streetcar routes experience overcrowding, report says. Toronto Star. Retrieved from https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/05/31/nearly-a-third-of-ttc- bus-and-streetcar-routes-experience-overcrowding-report-says.html 7. City of Toronto & TTC. (2019). Transit Pilot: Annual Summary. Retrieved from https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/8fb5-TS_King-Street-Annual-Dashboard_Final.pdf. Calculation based on 12,000 new daily rides and annualization factor of 312. 8. Based on Dec 2016 ridership data by route, an estimated 8% increase in ridership and an annualization factor of 312, calculated for busy streetcar routes without rights-of-way (, , , ). 9. Based on Dec 2016 ridership data by route, an estimated 5% increase in ridership and an annualization factor of 312. 10. Munro, Steve. (2018, August 14). Why Can’t I Get on My Bus [Web blog post]. Retrieved from https://stevemunro.ca/2018/08/14/why-cant-i-get-on-my-bus-ii/. 11. Translink (2019) Delivering the 10-Year Vision [webpage] https://tenyearvision.translink.ca/ 12. Translink (2018) 2018 Transit Service Performance Review. Retrieved from https://www.translink.ca/- /media/Documents/plans_and_projects/managing_the_transit_network/2018-TSPR/2018-Transit- Service-Performance-Review.pdf?la=en&hash=0A0388E9606F37209443E060FC7044AC0A46E0BC 13. Toronto Transit Commission (2019 May). TTC Ridership Analysis [Dataset]. City of Toronto Open Data Catalogue. Retrieved from https://portal0.cf.opendata.inter.sandbox-toronto.ca/dataset/ttc-ridership- analysis/ 14. Based on group of weaker measures recommended in the 2003 Ridership Growth Strategy (10% increase in peak service, improved off-peak service on all routes, full service on all routes: 6am - 1am, max 20- minutes or better service on all routes). 15. City of Toronto Chief Capital Officer to TTC Board. (2018, July 10). New TTC Bus Storage and Maintenance Facility, Report for Action with Confidential Information. Retrieved from https://ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2018/July_ 27/Reports/4_New_TTC_Bus_Storage_and_Maintenance_Facility.pdf. 16. Based on projected 2019 TTC ridership of 526 million and fare elasticity of -0.1. 17. City of Toronto Manager. (2016 November). Fair Pass: Transit Fare Equity Program for Low-Income Torontonians. Report for Action to Executive Committee. Retrieved from https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2016/ex/bgrd/backgroundfile-98467.pdf 18. TTC. Various pages. News. Retrieved from https://www.ttc.ca/News/index.jsp [individual links listed in Calculations google sheet] 19. Trading Economics. (2019) Canada Inflation Rate [Web page] Retrieved from https://tradingeconomics.com/canada/inflation-cpi

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20. Based on North American average of 37.5 trips, fare elasticity of -0.1, and an annual ridership using monthly passes of 228 million. 21. Based on a 10% fare reduction, fare elasticity of -0.1, annual single-fare ridership of 247 million. 22. Ridership calculation was not included as not enough information is available. 23. Based on average 905-TTC fares, fare elasticity of -0.2, a 50% reduction in fares, annual ridership of 7 million and an annualization factor of 312. 24. Ridership calculation was not included as not enough information is available. 25. Auditor General. (2014). Annual Report. Retrieved from: http://www.auditor.on.ca/en/content/annualreports/arreports/en14/305en14.pdf 26. Based on Eglinton East LRT design report ridership estimates for Option 2 of line configuration and an annualization factor of 312. 27. Based on annual ridership estimate from 2007 Report and modal-shift of current riders from bus to LRT vehicles. 28. Based on design report ridership estimates for Option 3 of line configuration (North & South) for 2041 and annualization factor of 312. 29. Toronto Transit Commission. (2003 March) TTC Ridership Growth Strategy. Retrieved from: https://www.ttc.ca/PDF/Transit_Planning/ridership_growth_strategy_2003.pdf 30. City of Toronto. (2019, March 7). 2019 Capital and Operating Budgets Retrieved from http://app.toronto.ca/tmmis/viewAgendaItemHistory.do?item=2019.EX2.5. 31. KMPG. (2016 June). City of Toronto Revenue Options Study. Retrieved from https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2016/ex/bgrd/backgroundfile-94513.pdf 32. Small, Andrew. (2017 Nov 7). How Should Chicago Spend Its Uber Tax?. City Lab. Retrieved from https://www.citylab.com/transportation/2017/11/how-should-chicago-spend-its-uber-tax/546233/ 33. Chicago is roughly the same size as Toronto, therefore a similar ridesharing fee could generate a comparable amount for the TTC. 34. Ministry of Transportation. (2019 January). 2018-19 Gas Tax Funding by Municipality. Retrieved from https://news.ontario.ca/mto/en/2019/01/2018-19-gas-tax-funding-by-municipality.html 35. KMPG. (2016 June). City of Toronto Revenue Options Study. Retrieved from https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2016/ex/bgrd/backgroundfile-94513.pdf 36. Ibid. 37. TTC CFO. (2019). 2019 TTC and Wheel-Trans Operating Budgets. Retrieved from https://www.ttc.ca/About_the_TTC/Commission_reports_and_information/Commission_meetings/2019/ January_24/Reports/11_2019_TTC_and_Wheel-Trans_Operating_Budgets.pdf 38. City Manager and the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. (2019 March). Intergovernmental Funding in the 2019-2028 Recommended Capital Budget and Plan. Report to Executive Committee. Retrieved from https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2019/ex/bgrd/backgroundfile-130164.pdf