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Alastair Smith Animal Welfare Victoria RE: Follow-Up Comme Michael Johnston. [email protected] 0407 852 355 Attention: Alastair Smith Animal Welfare Victoria RE: Follow-up comments from POCTA Stakeholders Welfare Workshop – Feral Pests (7 March, 2019) Thank you for the opportunity to attend and contribute to the discussion at the above Workshop. Following from this, and your invitation to provide feedback on the discussion specifically, I have prepared the following notes describing my perceptions and/or experience about the impact of the current regulatory environment relevant to management of feral cats, including POCTA but also relevant to the Victorian Government response to the threat that feral cats present to wildlife species. In respect of these notes, I have provided hyperlinks to supporting/background information. Firstly, I declare that through my currently undertaking subcontract work from Scientec Research Pty Ltd, I have a direct interest in the field of invasive species control. I particular, I am currently the recipient of a financial reward from provision of expert advice and field services for works associated with cat (feral and domestic) management on French Island. In addition, I have previously been associated with a number of programs entailing feral cat control activities through work for the Victorian, Federal, and West Australian Governments. In respect of the Workshop per se, it was apparent that the audience of the day was largely composed of commercial pest animal contractors and that each supplier favour use of tools and skillsets that aligned with their own commercial interests, i.e. what they offer to the market. As such, the process of attempting to rank the ‘hot topics’ appeared to result in the discussion failing to recognize that effective pest animal control often entails the necessity of using ‘all of the available tools’ in combination. It is my belief that there are a number of important changes that need to occur rapidly to provide the best protection for Victorian wildlife. My personal bias, other than the declaration noted above, is that I would like to see that populations of feral cats (as defined) can be managed using efficient, humane and logical tools and/or techniques to protect native wildlife species that are currently at risk from predation, disease transmission and resource competition from the invasive species. The current regulatory environment continues to actively prevent this. The recommendations of the ‘Inquiry into the control of invasive animals on Crown land’ by the Environment, Natural Resources and Regional Development Committee (ENRRDC) were released in June 2017. Included in this report is the recommendation that “the Government declare feral or wild cats to be ‘established pest animals’ under the Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994, mirroring the way wild dogs are classified” (Recommendation 9). The Victorian State Government subsequently accepted this recommendation and made the declaration in July 2018, albeit adding limitations around the geographic extent to which the declarations apply. The declaration was initially framed to just apply to Crown land managed by the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning but this was revised to also include other key wildlife habitats, nominally the lands managed by the alpine resorts and Phillip Island Nature Park. The declaration does not recognise that feral cats (as defined) exist and have impacts on wildlife species on other Crown estate as well as private land. I was advised by a senior DELWP officer that the Trust for Nature, as an example of conservation land managers on private land, did not want to see the declaration apply to their properties. A potential reason for this is that requirements of CaLP create a requirement for the land manager to undertake controls and that TfN did not wish to see this imposed on their membership. Given that the State undertakes limited compliance activity on land managers, including itself, for not adhering to the requirements of CaLP Act, I consider that this is a disadvantageous decision for private land conservation. I cannot see how that a feral cat trapping exercise on their largest property 30000 ha Neds Corner Station could hope to achieve anything meaningful given the regulatory position which requires that all cats are required to be transferred to the local shire shelter over 80 km distant in Mildura. However, this was apparently their decision. The ENRRDC Committee went on to note that “the current Victorian legislation prevents any effective control of feral cats” (Finding 40) and further that the “current legislation, which restricts the methods that can be used to control feral cats has compounded their impacts in Victoria” (S2.3.2). My understanding of the current regulatory position is that the only change that the CaLP Declaration of feral cats has made is that firstly, a definition has been adopted and secondly, that cats (cage) trapped may now be shot at the trap site rather than having to be transferred to the shire shelter. These are both useful improvements and act to improve the welfare aspects associated with trapping programs by removing the requirement for longer holding periods and transport of highly stressed wild animals. However, this is all the declaration has achieved to date. In my opinion, there are further necessary changes that are required if Victoria is to improve protection of native wildlife from impact by feral cats. Further detail is provided for each point below the summary list; 1. Conservation reserves, such as national and state parks are gazetted for preservation of wildlife. Domestic animals are not permitted. It is therefore the responsibility of pet owners to prevent their pets from roaming into the conservation reserve. 2. Permitting the setting of modern leghold traps for feral cats. 3. Facilitating the conduct of aerial baiting programs using Curiosity® bait subject to wildlife risk assessments and other established procedures. 4. Trap Alerts – included as follow-up to the workshop discussion. 5. Permitting the capture and use of feral cats in AEC-supervised captive animal studies, inclusive of studies that have death as an endpoint. 6. Scientific studies using radio-collared feral cats 7. Having a regulatory mechanism that allows for trial use of new technology that may improve efficacy and/or humaneness of the management of invasive species. 8. Provision of clarity on the powers of seizure and subsequent actions required of cats in Unincorporated Localities, such as French Island. 9. Provision of timely guidance documents, such as Codes of Practice. 1. Land managers of conservation estate are responsible for the protection of the wildlife that inhabits the land that they manage (Wildlife Act 1975 and National Parks Act 1975). This responsibility may often include management of invasive species that inhabit the reserved estate. Domestic pets are not permitted in these reserves. I’d like to see that land managers are supported in their responsibilities to protect wildlife species from impact of roaming pets. There can be little doubt about the interpretation of the sign shown in Figure 1. Proposals to revise regulation relating to the management of feral and owned cats should reflect that domestic animals are not permitted in conservation reserves. Figure 1. No dogs or cats permitted in Warrandyte State Park. 2. The current regulatory environment provides for capture of rabbits, foxes and wild dogs using leghold traps in various scenarios. It is illogical that this known-effective tool is not permitted to be used for capture of feral cats. There was obvious broad interest indicated at the Workshop for this to be revised situation to be revised allowing the setting of modern leghold traps for capture of feral cats (as defined). I would like to add some background information for your consideration. I have been involved with the research and management, including island eradication, programs in several states around Australia. These programs have used both cage traps as well as modern rubber-padded leghold traps (size 1.5 and 3) for capture of feral cats. All of this work was supervised by one or more Animal Ethics Committees (AEC). The various capture devices used have respective benefits / disadvantages with respect to apparent causation of injury, target-specificity and survival beyond release. My experience suggests that all traps, regardless of design (cage, leghold, other) cause injury and sometimes death of captured animals as well as have impacts on non-target species. Some captured animals can be released confidently while others sustain injuries that compromise their ability to survive and should not be released. I don’t have any experience with the use of laminated traps discussed at the Workshop and as such cannot comment on their relative ‘humaneness’ compared to rubber-padded designs. I don’t see that laminated traps can offer any improvement in efficacy given that they operate in the same conditions as rubber-padded leghold traps. However, I have contributed to several studies that used padded leghold traps to capture feral cats that were subsequently released after being fitted with GPS dataloggers. The data below (Figures 2 – 4) suggests that the cats did not suffer debilitating injury that impacted on their ability to survive. Karajini National Park – Western Australia. Source: Johnston, M., O’Donoghue, M., Holdsworth, M., Robinson, S., Herrod, A., Eklom, K., Gigliotti, F., Bould, L. and Little, N. (2013) Field assessment of the Curiosity® bait for managing feral cats in the Pilbara. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 245. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Heidelberg, Victoria. Figure 2. Activity of feral cats trapped with rubber padded leghold traps at Karijini National Park. Figure 3. Activity of feral cats trapped with rubber padded leghold traps on Dirk Hartog Island. Figure 4. Activity of feral cats trapped with rubber padded leghold traps at Roxby Downs. I would also argue that these programs would not have been possible if a requirement existed to solely use cage traps, both on a logistical basis and also in terms of capture success.
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