DOCSLIB.ORG

Federal Register/Vol. 80, No. 14/Thursday, January 22, 2015

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Federal Register/Vol. 80, No. 14/Thursday, January 22, 2015 3380 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 14 / Thursday, January 22, 2015 / Proposed Rules ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION information to support agent information whose disclosure is AGENCY preauthorization or authorization of use restricted by statute. Certain other decisions. material, such as copyrighted material, 40 CFR Parts 110 and 300 DATES: Comments must be received on will be publicly available only in hard copy. Publicly available docket [EPA–HQ–OPA–2006–0090; FRL–9689–9– or before April 22, 2015. OSWER] ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, materials are available either identified by Docket ID No. EPA–HQ– electronically in http:// RIN 2050–AE87 OPA–2006–0090, by one of the www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the EPA Docket, EPA/DC, EPA West, National Oil and Hazardous following methods: • Federal Rulemaking Portal: http:// Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue Substances Pollution Contingency NW., Washington, DC. The Public Plan www.regulations.gov. Follow the on-line instructions for submitting comments. Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to AGENCY: U.S. Environmental Protection • Mail: The mailing address of the 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, Agency (EPA). docket for this rulemaking is EPA excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Public Reading Room is ACTION: Proposed rule. Docket Center (EPA/DC), Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OPA–2006–0090, 1200 202–566–1744 to make an appointment SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, to view the docket. Agency (EPA or the Agency) proposes to DC 20460. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For amend the requirements in Subpart J of • Hand Delivery: Such deliveries are general information, contact the the National Oil and Hazardous only accepted during the Docket’s Superfund, TRI, EPCRA, RMP, and Oil Substances Pollution Contingency Plan normal hours of operation, and special Information Center at 800–424–9346 or (NCP) that govern the use of dispersants, arrangements should be made for TDD at 800–553–7672 (hearing other chemical and biological agents, deliveries of boxed information. impaired). In the Washington, DC and other spill mitigating substances Instructions: Direct your comments to metropolitan area, contact the when responding to oil discharges into Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OPA–2006– Superfund, TRI, EPCRA, RMP, and Oil waters of the United States (U.S.). The 0090. EPA’s policy is that all comments Information Center at 703–412–9810 or proposal addresses the efficacy, toxicity, received will be included in the public TDD 703–412–3323. For more detailed environmental monitoring of docket without change and may be information on this proposed rule dispersants, and other chemical and made available online at http:// contact Gregory Wilson at 202–564– biological agents, as well as public, www.regulations.gov, including any 7989 ([email protected]) or state, local, and federal officials’ personal information provided, unless Vanessa Principe at 202–564–7913 concerns regarding their use. the comment includes information ([email protected]). The Specifically, the proposal amends the claimed to be Confidential Business contacts address is: U.S. Environmental Subpart J regulatory requirements for Information (CBI) or other information Protection Agency, Office of Emergency the NCP Product Schedule (Schedule) whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Management, Regulations by adding new listing criteria, revising Do not submit information that you Implementation Division, 1200 the efficacy and toxicity testing consider to be CBI or otherwise Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, protocols, and clarifying the evaluation protected through DC 20460–0002, Mail Code 5104A, or criteria for removing products from the http://www.regulations.gov. The http:// visit the Office of Emergency Schedule. The Agency also proposes www.regulations.gov Web site is an Management Web site at http:// amended requirements for the ‘‘anonymous access’’ system, which www.epa.gov/oem/. authorities, notifications, monitoring, means EPA will not know your identity SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The and data reporting when using chemical or contact information unless you contents of this preamble are: or biological agents in response to oil provide it in the body of your comment. I. General Information discharges to the navigable waters of the If you submit an electronic comment, II. Entities Potentially Affected by This United States and adjoining shorelines, EPA recommends that you include your Proposed Rule the waters of the contiguous zone, and name and other contact information in III. Statutory Authority and Delegation of the high seas beyond the contiguous the body of the comment and with any Authority zone in connection with activities under disk or CD–ROM you submit. If EPA IV. Background A. Historical Background the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, cannot read your comment due to B. Current Statute and Regulation activities under the Deepwater Port Act technical difficulties and cannot contact C. Advanced Response Planning of 1974, or activities that may affect you for clarification, EPA may not be V. This Action natural resources belonging to, able to consider your comment. A. Discharge of Oil appertaining to, or under the exclusive Electronic files should avoid the use of B. Subpart A—Introduction management authority of the United special characters, any form of 1. Definitions States, including resources under the encryption, and be free of any defects or C. Subpart J—Use of Dispersants, and Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Other Chemical and Biological Agents viruses. Comments and suggestions 1. General Management Act of 1976. These regarding the scope of any future 2. Authorization of Use requirements are anticipated to rulemaking should be clearly 3. Monitoring the Use of Dispersants encourage the development of safer and differentiated from comments specific to 4. Data and Information Requirements for more effective spill mitigating products, this proposal (e.g., label Suggestions for Product Schedule Listing and would better target the use of these Future Rulemaking and Comments on 5. Submission of Confidential Business products to reduce the risks to human Current Proposal). Information (CBI) health and the environment. Further, Docket: All documents in the docket 6. Addition of a Product to the Schedule 7. Mandatory Product Disclaimer the amendments are intended to ensure are listed in the http:// 8. Removal of a Product From the Schedule that On-Scene Coordinators (OSCs), www.regulations.gov index. Although 9. Appendix C to Part 300 Regional Response Teams (RRTs), and listed in the index, some information is 10. Appendix E to Part 300 Area Committees have sufficient not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other VI. Summary of Proposed Rule Provisions VerDate Sep<11>2014 19:42 Jan 21, 2015 Jkt 235001 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\22JAP3.SGM 22JAP3 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS3 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 14 / Thursday, January 22, 2015 / Proposed Rules 3381 VII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews EPA’s effort to inform the use of • Monitoring the Use of Dispersant. A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory dispersants and other chemical or Establish monitoring requirements for Planning and Review and Executive biological agents when responding to oil dispersant use in response to major Order 13563: Improving Regulation and discharges. They incorporate lessons discharges and/or certain dispersant use Regulatory Review learned from the federal government’s situations. B. Paperwork Reduction Act • C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) experiences in the Gulf, and address General Product Information for D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act recommendations specific to agent Schedule Listing. Revise and establish E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism testing and use in response to oil requirements, including designation of F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation discharges from the National and testing for all product categories and Coordination With Indian Tribal Commission on the BP Deepwater under which the listing is requested, Governments Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling Safety Data Sheets, sample product G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Report to the President. labels, shelf life, collection and Children From Environmental Health The proposed amendments would recovery, persistence in the Risks and Safety Risks H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That help to ensure that only products that environment, storage and use Significantly Affect Energy Supply, perform effectively in laboratory testing conditions, physical and chemical Distribution or Use would be listed on the NCP Product properties, component identities, I. National Technology Transfer and Schedule (Schedule) for use in concentration limits on National Water Advancement Act mitigating the effects of oil discharges in Quality Criteria and Standards J. Executive Order 12898: Environmental the environment. Manufacturers would contaminants, laboratory accreditations, Justice be required to provide more detailed submission of all testing data and I. General Information product application materials, calculations, production capabilities, ecological toxicity data, and human and any other data or certification In April 2010, the Deepwater Horizon health and safety information, including informing the product’s performance underwater oil well blowout discharged more detailed instructions for product capabilities or environmental benefits. significant quantities of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • V L Scientific Udyog
    +91-8049592713 V L Scientific Udyog https://www.indiamart.com/vlscientificudyog/ We “V L Scientific Udyog” are a leading Manufacturer and Trader of a wide range of Laboratory Thermometer, Laboratory Burette, Laboratory Condenser, Laboratory Flask, Laboratory Tubes, Glass Beakers, Imhoff Cones, etc. About Us Established as a Sole Proprietorship firm in the year 2010, we “V L Scientific Udyog” are a leading Manufacturer and Trader of a wide range of Laboratory Thermometer, Laboratory Burette, Laboratory Condenser, Laboratory Flask, Laboratory Tubes, Glass Beakers, Imhoff Cones, Measuring Cylinder, etc. Situated in Ambala (Haryana, India), we have constructed a wide and well functional infrastructural unit that plays an important role in the growth of our company. We offer these products at reasonable rates and deliver these within the promised time-frame. Under the headship of our mentor “Mr. Sachin Lamba”, we have gained a huge clientele across the nation. For more information, please visit https://www.indiamart.com/vlscientificudyog/profile.html LABORATORY FLASK O u r P r o d u c t R a n g e Conical Flask School Lab Flask 2000 ML Conical Flask Iodine Flask BOD INCUBATOR O u r P r o d u c t R a n g e Laboratory BOD Incubator BOD Incubator 2 Shelves BOD Incubator BOD Incubator LABORATORY MICROSCOPE O u r P r o d u c t R a n g e Olympus Biological Labomed LX300 Microscope Microscope Physiotherapy Medical Comparison Microscope Laboratory Microscope LABORATORY TUBES O u r P r o d u c t R a n g e Laboratory Culture Tubes Glass Testing Tubes
    [Show full text]
  • Time for Action
    Time for Action Six Years After Deepwater Horizon Julie Dermansky “One of the lessons we’ve learned from this spill is that we need better regulations, better safety standards, and better enforcement when it comes to offshore drilling.” President Barack Obama June 15, 2010 Authors Acknowledgments Ingrid Biedron, Ph.D. The authors are grateful for the reviews, comments and and Suzannah Evans direction provided by Dustin Cranor, Claire Douglass, Michael April 2016 LeVine, Lara Levison, Kathryn Matthews, Ph.D., Jacqueline U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Savitz, Lora Snyder, Oona Watkins and Emory Wellman. 1 OCEANA | Time for Action: Six Years After Deepwater Horizon Executive Summary he Deepwater Horizon oil spill 2016, that show the damage the 2010 oil • Harmful oil and/or oil dispersant Tdevastated the Gulf of Mexico’s spill caused in the Gulf of Mexico. Scientists chemicals were found in about 80 marine life, communities and economy. are still working to understand the scale of percent of pelican eggs that were laid in Since the 2010 disaster, federal agencies devastation to wildlife, fisheries and human Minnesota, more than 1,000 miles from have done little to improve the safety of health. These catastrophic outcomes could the Gulf, where most of these birds offshore drilling using existing authorities happen in any region of the United States spend winters.3 and Congress has done virtually nothing where oil and gas activities are proceeding, • Oil exposure caused heart failure in to reduce the risk of another spill in our especially as those activities are moving juvenile bluefin and yellowfin tunas,4 waters or on our beaches.
    [Show full text]
  • Oil + Dispersant
    Effects of oil dispersants on the environmental fate, transport and distribution of spilled oil in marine ecosystems Don Zhao, Y. Gong, X. Zhao, J. Fu, Z. Cai, S.E. O’Reilly Environmental Engineering Program Department of Civil Engineering Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Office of Environment, New Orleans, LA 70123, USA Outline • Roles of dispersants on sediment retention of oil compounds • Effects of dispersants on settling of suspended sediment particles and transport of oil compounds • Effects of dispersants and oil on formation of marine oil snow Part I. Effects of Oil Dispersants on Sediment Retention of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Gulf Coast Ecosystems Yanyan Gong1, Xiao Zhao1, S.E. O’Reilly2, Dongye Zhao1 1Environmental Engineering Program Department of Civil Engineering Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA 2Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Office of Environment, New Orleans, LA 70123, USA Gong et al. Environmental Pollution 185 (2014) 240-249 Application of Oil Dispersants • In the 2010 the DWH oil spill, BP applied ~2.1 MG of oil dispersants (Kujawinski et al., 2011) Corexit 9500A and Corexit 9527A • About 1.1 MG injected at the wellhead (pressure = 160 atm, temperature = 4 oC) (Thibodeaux et al., 2011) • Consequently, ~770,000 barrels (or ~16%) of the spilled oil were dispersed (Ramseur, 2010) Kujawinski, E.B. et al. (2011) Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 1298-1306. Ramseur, J.L. (2010) www.crs.gov, R41531. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Spilled Oil • A class of principal persistent oil components The Macondo well oil contained ~3.9% PAHs by weight, and ~21,000 tons of PAHs were released during the 2010 spill (Reddy et al., 2011) PAHs are toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and persistent • Elevated concentrations of PAHs were reported during the DWH oil spill (EPA, 2010) Naphthalene Phenanthrene Pyrene Chrysene Benzo(a)pyrene Reddy, C.M.
    [Show full text]
  • Independent Human Health and Environmental Hazard
    Independent Human Health and Environmental Hazard Assessments of Dispersant Chemicals in Australia, produced by NICNAS and CSIRO AMSA/National Plan preamble to the three independent reports by: NICNAS (April 2014) Chemicals used as oil dispersants in Australia: Stage 1. Identification of chemicals of low concern for human health NICNAS (October 2014) Chemicals used as oil dispersants in Australia: Stage 2. Summary report of the human health hazards of oil spill dispersant chemicals CSIRO (August 2015) A review of the ecotoxicological implications of oil dispersant use in Australian waters. The Australian National Plan Dispersant Strategy The Australian National Plan for Maritime Environmental Emergencies has had a longstanding dispersant response strategy that is transparent, fit for purpose and effective, and safe to use for people and the environment. At all stages of dispersant management: acceptance and purchase; storage and transport; and application in spill, the National Plan requires transparency. These requirements, results and processes are all published on the AMSA website. To ensure that Australia has suitable information to undertake all these steps, AMSA has always sought the best independent advice it could find. Most recently AMSA addressed questions of human health hazards and environmental hazards. Health hazard assessment by National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) NICNAS comprehensively addressed the question of dispersant health hazard in two stages. The first stage assessment identified 2 of 11 chemicals to be of low concern for human health. The second stage was a more full assessment that concluded that 7 of the 11 chemicals were of no concern. The remaining four were considered hazardous based on Safe Work Australia’s Approved Criteria for Classifying Hazardous Substances.
    [Show full text]
  • Dispersants Edition
    FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: DISPERSANTS EDITION Chemical dispersants break oil into smaller droplets, limiting the amount of oil that comes into contact with wildlife and shorelines. Many people question how they work and whether they are safe for people and animals. FIGURE 1. Dispersants, though rarely used, can be applied to oil spills. The surfactant molecules in dispersants help oil and water mix, creating small oil droplets that are more easily broken down by microbes than an oil slick. (Florida Sea Grant/Anna Hinkeldey) WHAT ARE DISPERSANTS AND burning, and dispersants — depending upon the WHAT DO THEY DO? incident.3,4 For example, booms can concentrate oil in Dispersants are a mixture of compounds whose an area for removal by skimmers, but they often fail in components work together to break oil slicks into rough sea conditions and are less effective in open small oil droplets (Figure 1). The small droplets are then water. Where dispersant use is permitted, and broken down by evaporation, sunlight, microbes, and environmental conditions (e.g., waves) indicate it could other natural processes.1 Dispersants work under a wide be effective, dispersants may better protect animals and range of temperature conditions. Their components and habitats. Dispersants are rarely used; but when they are, dispersed oil can be broken down by microbes as well.2 they are typically applied at the water’ surface. However, during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, responders WHEN AND WHERE ARE DISPERSANTS USED? also used dispersants directly at the source of the underwater blowout.5 There is no ‘one-size-fits-all’ technique for oil spill response.3 Decision-makers must weigh the WHAT IMPACTS DO DISPERSANTS environmental costs of each technique depending upon HAVE ON SEA LIFE? the scenario.
    [Show full text]
  • AP Galaxy Enterprises
    +91-8068442236,295 A. P. Galaxy Enterprises https://www.indiamart.com/ap-galaxy-enterprises/ We “A. P. Galaxy Enterprises” are a Partnership firm that is an affluent manufacturer of a wide array of Glass Cylinder, Laboratory Flask, Laboratory Beaker, Laboratory Microscope, Glass Test Tubes, etc. About Us Incepted in the year 2002 at Ambala (Haryana, India), we “A. P. Galaxy Enterprises” are a Partnership firm that is an affluent manufacturer of a wide array of Glass Cylinder, Laboratory Flask, Laboratory Beaker, Laboratory Microscope, Glass Test Tubes, etc. We provide these products as per the latest market trends and deliver these at client's premises within the scheduled time frame. We have also selected a team of devoted and capable professionals who helped us to run the operation in a systematic and planned manner. Apart from this, we also export these products to Sirlanka, Gulf Country, African Country and Nepal. Under the supervision of “Mr. Iqbal" (Partner), we have gained huge success in this field. For more information, please visit https://www.indiamart.com/ap-galaxy-enterprises/profile.html O u r P r o d u c t R K a S n A L g F e Y R O T A R O B A L Lab Glass Beaker Conical Flask Laboratory Conical Flask Lab Conical Flask O u r P r o d u c t R a n R g E e D N I L Y C S S A L G Laboratory Glass Scale Measuring Cylinder Cylinder Glass Measuring Cylinder Lab Measuring Cylinder E R O A W u S r S P A L r o G d D u N c A t E R L T a T n O g B e Y R O T A R O B A L Laboratory Reagent Bottle Lab Reagent Bottle Reagent Bottles Laboratory
    [Show full text]
  • Persistence, Fate, and Effectiveness of Dispersants Used During The
    THE SEA GRANT and GOMRI PERSISTENCE, FATE, AND EFFECTIVENESS PARTNERSHIP OF DISPERSANTS USED DURING THE The mission of Sea Grant is to enhance the practical use and DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL conservation of coastal, marine Monica Wilson, Larissa Graham, Chris Hale, Emily Maung-Douglass, Stephen Sempier, and Great Lakes resources in and LaDon Swann order to create a sustainable economy and environment. There are 33 university–based The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill was the first spill that occurred Sea Grant programs throughout the coastal U.S. These programs in the deep ocean, nearly one mile below the ocean’s surface. The are primarily supported by large-scale applications of dispersants used at the surface and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration wellhead during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill raised many questions and the states in which the and highlighted the importance of understanding their effects on the programs are located. marine environment. In the immediate aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon spill, BP committed $500 million over a 10–year period to create the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative, or GoMRI. It is an independent research program that studies the effect of hydrocarbon releases on the environment and public health, as well as develops improved spill mitigation, oil detection, characterization and remediation technologies. GoMRI is led by an independent and academic 20–member research board. The Sea Grant oil spill science outreach team identifies the best available science from projects funded by GoMRI and others, and only shares peer- reviewed research results. Oiled waters in Orange Beach, Alabama. (NOAA photo) Emergency responders used a large (Figure 1).1,2 Before this event, scientists amount of dispersants during the 2010 did not know how effective dispersants DWH oil spill.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role and Regulation of Dispersants in Oil Spill Response
    Fighting Chemicals with Chemicals: The Role and Regulation of Dispersants in Oil Spill Response Charles L. Franklin and Lori J. Warner or most Americans, and many American environmen- dentnews.gov/ (last visited July 17, 2011) (searching reported tal lawyers, the tragic Deepwater Horizon oil spill of incidents in which dispersants were evaluated and used). Even 2010 provided the first close-up look at the role that so, their use has not been without controversy. One of the oil dispersants and surfactant chemicals (dispersants) first documented uses of dispersing agents occurred in 1967 Fplay in modern-day oil spill response efforts. While dispersants during the response to the Torrey Canyon tanker spill off the have been used for decades, dispersants played a particularly English Coast. DOT, EPA, The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: A Report pivotal, if controversial role, in the Gulf spill response, osten- to the President, Doc. No. OSWER-89-VALDZ, (May 1989) sibly helping to reduce the onshore impact of the release. Dis- [herinafter Exxon Valdez Report], App. D-23. This early effort persants were a workhorse of the recovery effort, and in turn, proved catastrophic, however, as the chemicals used in the arguably might be credited with limiting the land impacts of effort—little more than industrial degreasing agents devel- the largest spill in history. For some, however, the central role oped for cleaning tanks—resulted in an “ecological disaster” that chemical dispersants played in the Gulf cleanup effort in which extensive mortalities of animals and algae occurred is more a cause for question than credit. This article reviews immediately, and the natural recovery was severely slowed and the historic use and regulation of oil dispersants in oil spill still incomplete in some areas ten years later.
    [Show full text]
  • Practical Manual Engineering Chemistry
    VPCOE CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL VPCOE VIDYA PRATHISHTHAN’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING PRACTICAL MANUAL ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY (Academic year 20152015----16)16) FOR FIRST YEAR ENGINEERING DEGREE COURSES ACCORDING TO THE REVISED SYLLABUS OF S.P.PUNE UNIVERSITY (W.E.F. 2012) Head PrinPrinPrincipalPrin cipal Gen. Sc. & Engg. Dept VPCoE PREPARED BY Dr. APARNA G. SAJJAN Assistant Professor of Chemistry VPCOE (2014 -15) Page 1 of 46 VPCOE CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL CONTENTS Common Laboratory Glassware I Titration Assembly II Glassware and Their Use III - V Safety Rules & Acknowledgement by Student V - VII I) Determination of Alkalinity of Water Sample 1−4 II) Determination of Hardness of Water by EDTA Method 5−8 III) Determination of Dissociation Constant of Weak Acid (Acetic Acid) using 9−13 PH - Meter IV) To Determine Maximum Wavelength of Absorption of FeSO 4, to Verify Beer’s Law and to Find Unknown Concentration of Ferrous ions (Fe 2+ ) in 14−17 Given Sample by Spectrophotomety / colorimetry V) Titration of Mixture of Weak Acid and Strong Acid with Strong Base 18−20 Using Conductometer VI) Preparation of Polystyrene and Phenol - Formaldehyde or Urea - 21−24 Formaldehyde Resin and their Characterization VII) To Determine Molecular Weight of a Polymer using Ostwald’s Viscometer 25−27 VIII) Proximate Analysis of Coal 28−30 Appendix 31–34 References 35 Development of Intellectual and Motor Skills 35 Grid Table 36 Page 2 of 46 VPCOE CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL COMMON LABORATORY GLASSWARES Burette Pipette Test-tube Measuring cylinder Conical flask Separating funnel Volumetric flask Beaker Filter funnel I Page 3 of 46 VPCOE CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL TITRATION ASSEMBLY White tile (To observe sharp colour changes) Correct method to note down the readings Graduated Cylinder Burette The reading is 36.5 ml.
    [Show full text]
  • Desiccator Glassware
    · WUBO® Laboratory Glassware PRODUCT CATALOG CONSTENTS Burning Glassware.........................目..录........................................................P1 LOW WALL BEAKER........................................................................................................................................................................ 1 HIGH WALL BEAKER....................................................................................................................................................................... 1 CONICAL BEAKER............................................................................................................................................................................2 NARROW NECK CONICAL FLASK................................................................................................................................................2 WIDE NECK CONICAL FLASK....................................................................................................................................................... 3 IODINE FLASK................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 AMBER CONICAL FLASK................................................................................................................................................................4 CONICAL FLASK WITH CAP...........................................................................................................................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • Bioaccumulation Potential of Surfactants: a Review © EOSCA
    © EOSCA EOSCA European Oilfield Speciality Chemicals Association Bioaccumulation Potential of Surfactants: A Review © EOSCA This report was commissioned by the European Oilfield Specialty Chemical Association (EOSCA). EOSCA was founded in 1990 and has grown to an organisation comprising 40 full members and 7 associate members. As it stands today it represents almost all of the chemical manufacturers and chemical services companies involved in the supply and application of chemicals to Oil and Gas Operations in Europe. The primary function is to act as a focus of interest and concern on issues relating to Environmental and Safety Regulation. To this end it is recognised by government and operators as a first point of contact for chemical issues and is a fully recognised Non-Governmental Organisation within the OSPAR framework. It has the intention of acting as an advocacy group with regulatory and governmental bodies. EOSCA provides an opportunity for members to network with Health, Safety and Environmental Affairs professionals in the field of Oilfield Chemicals. Address for Correspondence: Graham Payne (Executive Secretary) Briar Technical Services Ltd 501 North Deeside Road Cults Aberdeen AB15 9ES Tel: +44 (0)1224 868827 Fax: +44 (0)1224 862503 [email protected] i © EOSCA EUROPEAN OILFIELD SPECIALITY CHEMICALS ASSOCIATION SUMMARY REPORT SURFACTANT BIOACCUMULATION REVIEW PROJECT Project funding: EOSCA Project Manager/Editor: Phil McWilliams ILAB Environmental Laboratory Contributors: Astrazeneca Limited, Brixham Environmental Laboratory Aquateam AS Chemex International Environmental and Resource Technology Limited Severn Trent Services The work performed in collating and evaluating the data on surfactant bioaccumulation reviewed in this report was funded entirely by EOSCA. The work was carried out over the period September 1999 to July 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Oil Spill Dispersants: Effi Cacy and Eff Ects
    NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL REPORT KEY FINDINGS Oil Spill Dispersants: Effi cacy and Eff ects Oil dispersants are chemicals that change the chemical and physical properties of oil to enable it to mix with water more easily, in a similar manner to the way that dish detergents break up cooking oil on a skillet. By increasing the amount of oil that mixes into sea water, dispersants can reduce the potential contamination of shoreline habitats—but at the same time, a larger volume of water at varying depths becomes exposed to spilled oil. This report reviews ongoing research on the use of dispersants as an oil spill response technique and the impact of dispersed oil on marine and coastal ecosystems. The report concludes that more information on the potential benefi ts or adverse impacts of dispersant use is needed to make effective, timely decisions on using dispersants in response to an oil spill. 1. Decisions to use dispersants involve trade-offs. Oil dispersants break up slicks, enhancing the amount of oil that physically mixes into the water column and reducing the potential that oil will contaminate shoreline habitats or come into contact with birds, marine mammals, or other organisms in coastal ecosystems. At the same time, using dispersants increases the exposure of water column and sea fl oor life to spilled oil. 2. The window of opportunity for using dispersants is early, typically within hours to 1 or 2 days after an oil spill. After that, natural “weathering” of an oil slick on the surface of the sea, caused by impacts such as the heat from the sun or buffeting by waves, makes oil more diffi cult to disperse.
    [Show full text]