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Costa D'avorio Notizie Sul Paese European Asylum Support Office Costa d’Avorio Notizie sul Paese Informazioni sui Paesi di origine Giugno 2019 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION European Asylum Support Office Costa d’Avorio Notizie sul Paese Informazioni sui Paesi di origine Giugno 2019 Altre informazioni sull’Unione europea sono disponibili su Internet (http://europa.eu). ISBN: 978-92-9476-993-0 doi: 10.2847/055205 © European Asylum Support Office (EASO) 2019 La riproduzione è autorizzata con citazione della fonte, tranne quando diversamente indicato. Per i materiali di terze parti riprodotti in questa pubblicazione, si fa riferimento alle dichiarazioni dei diritti d’autore delle rispettive terze parti. Foto di copertina: © Mariam Dembélé, Abidjan (dicembre 2016) COSTA D’AVORIO: NOTIZIE SUL PAESE - EASO, INFORMAZIONI SUI PAESI DI ORIGINE — 3 Ringraziamenti L’EASO desidera ringraziare i seguenti co-autori della presente relazione: Italia, Ministero dell’Interno, Commissione Nazionale per il Diritto di Asilo, Affari Internazionali e Comunitari, Unità COI Svizzera, Segretariato di Stato per la Migrazione (SEM), Divisione Analisi La presente relazione è stata riveduta dai seguenti Enti, insieme all’EASO: Francia, Ufficio Francese di Protezione dei Rifugiati e degli Apolidi (OFPRA), Divisione Informazione, Documentazione e Ricerche (DIDR) Norvegia, Landinfo Paesi Bassi, Servizio Immigrazione e Naturalizzazione, Ufficio Informazioni sui Paesi di Origine e Analisi delle Lingue (OCILA) La presente relazione è stata riveduta da Marie Miran-Guyon, docente presso l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), ricercatrice e autrice di numerose pubblicazioni sul Paese. Si fa notare che la revisione effettuata dagli Enti , dalle organizzazioni o dagli esperti menzionati contribuisce alla qualità complessiva della relazione ma non implica necessariamente una loro approvazione formale del contenuto finale del documento, per il quale l’EASO ha piena responsabilità. La traduzione (in Italiano) di questo rapporto e' stata revisionata da : Italia, Ministero dell’Interno, Commissione Nazionale per il Diritto di Asilo, Affari Internazionali e Comunitari, Unità COI 4 — COSTA D’AVORIO: NOTIZIE SUL PAESE - EASO, INFORMAZIONI SUI PAESI DI ORIGINE Sommario Ringraziamenti ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Sommario ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Clausola di esclusione della responsabilità ............................................................................................. 6 Glossario e abbreviazioni ........................................................................................................................ 7 Introduzione .......................................................................................................................................... 10 Metodologia ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Definizione dei termini di riferimento .......................................................................................... 10 Raccolta delle informazioni .......................................................................................................... 10 Controllo di qualità ....................................................................................................................... 10 Struttura della relazione ................................................................................................................... 11 Mappa della Costa d’Avorio .................................................................................................................. 12 1. Gruppi etnici ...................................................................................................................................... 13 1.1 Panoramica ................................................................................................................................. 13 1.1.1 Quadro costituzionale ......................................................................................................... 13 1.1.2 Lingue .................................................................................................................................. 14 1.1.3 Religioni ............................................................................................................................... 14 1.2 Collocazione geografica dei gruppi etnici ................................................................................... 15 1.2.1 Dioula .................................................................................................................................. 16 1.3 Conflitti in cui sono coinvolti specifici gruppi etnici ................................................................... 17 2. Storia recente .................................................................................................................................... 20 2.1 La presidenza Houphouët-Boigny (1960 – 1993) ....................................................................... 20 2.2 Presidenza Bédié e nascita dell’Ivoirité (1993 – 1999) ............................................................... 20 2.3 Colpo di Stato militare ed elezione di Laurent Gbagbo (1999 – 2002) ....................................... 21 2.4 Prima crisi ivoriana (2002-2010): un Paese diviso ...................................................................... 22 2.5 La crisi post-elettorale (2010-2011) ........................................................................................... 24 2.5.1 Panoramica .......................................................................................................................... 24 2.5.2 Attori del conflitto ............................................................................................................... 26 2.6 Presidenza Ouattara ................................................................................................................... 28 2.6.1 Primo mandato di Ouattara ................................................................................................ 28 2.6.2 Secondo mandato di Ouattara ............................................................................................ 28 3. Situazione politica ............................................................................................................................. 30 3.1 Quadro generale ......................................................................................................................... 30 COSTA D’AVORIO: NOTIZIE SUL PAESE - EASO, INFORMAZIONI SUI PAESI DI ORIGINE — 5 3.2 Partiti politici............................................................................................................................... 34 3.2.1 I partiti politici principali e le alleanze................................................................................. 36 3.2.2 Elezione del Senato ............................................................................................................. 45 3.2.3 Riconciliazione nazionale .................................................................................................... 45 3.2.4 Situazione dei sostenitori di Gbagbo................................................................................... 47 4. Situazione della sicurezza ................................................................................................................. 54 4.1 Situazione della sicurezza in generale ........................................................................................ 54 4.1.1 Minori in conflitto con la legge («microbe») ....................................................................... 54 4.1.2 Problemi legati alle Forze di Difesa ..................................................................................... 58 4.1.3 Terrorismo ........................................................................................................................... 66 4.2 Situazione della sicurezza nella Costa d’Avorio occidentale ...................................................... 67 4.2.1 Dispute per la terra ............................................................................................................. 68 5. Questioni specifiche in materia di diritti umani ................................................................................ 74 5.1 Quadro generale ......................................................................................................................... 74 5.1.1 Prigioni................................................................................................................................. 74 5.1.2 Corruzione ........................................................................................................................... 74 5.1.3 Libertà di stampa ................................................................................................................. 76 5.1.4 Libertà di associazione, di religione, di espressione ........................................................... 77 5.1.5 Persone con disabilità ......................................................................................................... 78 5.2 Persone Lesbiche, Gay, Bisessuali e Transgender (LGBT) ........................................................... 78 5.3 Donne: violenza, violenza
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