Ethiopia: IDP Population Movement
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An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg. -
Hydrological Extremes and Their Association with ENSO Phases in Ethiopia
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/681528; this version posted June 24, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Hydrological Extremes and their Association with ENSO Phases in Ethiopia Abu Tolcha Gari Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Corresponding author: Email: [email protected]; Tel: +251-9-1281-2790, Fax: +251-022-331-1508 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/681528; this version posted June 24, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Abstract Ethiopia is a rain fed agriculture country, which is subjected to high climate variability in space and time, leading to hydrological extremes causing loss of life and property more frequently. Droughts are more common and sometime floods are experienced in various parts of the country. Being a tropical country, the inter-annual climate variability in Ethiopia is dominated by ENSO (ElNino and Southern Oscillation). In this study, an attempt has been made to determine the occurrence of droughts and floods on monthly basis, by calculating the monthly SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) using the available rainfall data during (1975-2005) at selected 26 stations that spread across the country. Based on the monthly SPI values computed, the droughts and floods of different intensities; extreme, severe and dry have been determined for all stations. -
Download Ethiopian Fact Sheet April 2017
VICTORIA FALLS Ethiopian Airlines Factsheet - April 2017 OSLO ANTANANARIVO Overview Ethiopian Airlines (Ethiopian) is the leading and most profitable airline in Africa. In 2014 IATA ranked Ethiopian as the largest airline in Africa in revenue and profit. Over the past seven decades, Ethiopian has been a pioneer of African aviation as an aircraft technology leader. It all started with a military surplus C-47, leading the way with the first Jet service in the continent in the early 60’s to the first B-767 in the mid 80’s, to the first African B-787 Dreamliner in 2012 and the first African Airbus A-350 in 2016. Ethiopian joined Star Alliance, the world’s largest Airline network, in December 2011. Ethiopian is currently implementing a 15-year strategic plan called Vision 2025 that will see it become the leading airline group in Africa with seven strategic business units. Ethiopian is a multi-award winning airline, including SKYTRAX and Passenger Choice Awards in 2015, and has been registering an average growth of 25% per annum for the past ten years. Ethiopian Background Information Founded E December 21, 1945 Starting date of operation E April 08, 1946 Ownership E Government of Ethiopia (100%) Head Office E Bole International Airport, P.O. Box 1755 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Fax: (+ 251)11661 1474 Reservations E Tel: (+251) 11 665 6666 Website E http://www.ethiopianairlines.com Group Chief Executive Officer E Mr. Tewolde GebreMariam Fleet Summary Aircraft Inventory: 87 Fleet on order: 47 Average age of aircraft: 5 years Passenger aircraft Airbus -
Federalism and Autonomy Conflicts in the Somali Region 135
Federalism and ethnic conflict in Ethiopia. A comparative study of the Somali and Benishangul-Gumuz regions Adegehe, A.K. Citation Adegehe, A. K. (2009, June 11). Federalism and ethnic conflict in Ethiopia. A comparative study of the Somali and Benishangul-Gumuz regions. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13839 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13839 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Federalism and Autonomy 6 Conflicts in the Somali Region 6.1 Introduction The preceding chapter gave a general background to the history and ethnic makeup of the study regions. In contrast, this chapter presents the impact of federal restructuring on intra and inter-clan relationships in the newly constituted Somali region. In fact, some of the theoretical propositions about the role of federalism in decentralising conflicts through ‘proliferation of points of power,’ outlined in chapter 2 appear to have been worked in the SNRS. In other words, federal restructuring by making resources such as political appointments, civil service jobs, regional/local budget and others available at local and regional levels impelled both intra and inter-clan contestations that often lead into violence. The division that emerged between the dominant Ogaden and the non-Ogadeni clans in the wake of ethnic regionalisation appeared to reduce possible threats from the Somali region to the political centre. However, inter-clan autonomy conflicts in the region are typically violent and localised. -
EHA Ethiopia Weekly Update –Week 51 / 2007
EMERGENCY WHO AND HUMANITARIAN ACTION (EHA) Country Office WEEKLY UPDATE / ETHIOPIA Ethiopia Addis Ababa ECA Old Building Ground Floor World Health Organization (WHO) Week 51 (From 17 to 23 Dec. 2007) Emergency and Humanitarian Action (EHA) - Disease outbreak Situations in Ethiopia HIGHLIGHTS - Somali Humanitarian Response - EHA Focal Point Annual Induction Briefing Meeting I. GENERAL SITUATIONS Ethiopian Profiles Disease Out-break Situations in Ethiopia Location: Horn of Africa Population: Approx. 77,400.000 Acute Watery Diarrhea in Ethiopia Polio Eradication Program Surface: 1.1 million sq km ⇒ Cases of AWD epidemic has significantly ⇒ In 2007 there were a total of 860 AFP Capital city: Addis Ababa decreased nationally. Currently 7 districts cases reported and none was confirmed Regions: 9; City Administrations: 2 are reported active cases: 2 districts from for polio as of December 20, 2007. Refugees: 86,128 IDPs: 300,000 to 400,000 Oromiya, Afar 2 and Somali 3. ⇒ There were 36 cases in week 50; 26 in Measles Outbreak Situation week 49 and 11 in week 48. The increase ⇒ As of 30 Nov. 07, there were 120 out- Ethiopia in number is due to the new affected dis- breaks in 83 districts. Out of 2,769 sus- trict of Degahamado in Somali Region. pected cases, 1,390 cases were confirmed. Somali Humanitarian Response ⇒ Approximately 1.5 million people in the ⇒ livestock migration is reported in some five military operation zones of Warder, zones. Fik, Degehabur, Korahe and Gode have ⇒ Additionally restriction of commercial Map of Africa been potentially affected by insurgency trucks has been observed due to the mili- showing Ethiopia and counter insurgency activities. -
Clanship, Conflict and Refugees: an Introduction to Somalis in the Horn of Africa
CLANSHIP, CONFLICT AND REFUGEES: AN INTRODUCTION TO SOMALIS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA Guido Ambroso TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I: THE CLAN SYSTEM p. 2 The People, Language and Religion p. 2 The Economic and Socials Systems p. 3 The Dir p. 5 The Darod p. 8 The Hawiye p. 10 Non-Pastoral Clans p. 11 PART II: A HISTORICAL SUMMARY FROM COLONIALISM TO DISINTEGRATION p. 14 The Colonial Scramble for the Horn of Africa and the Darwish Reaction (1880-1935) p. 14 The Boundaries Question p. 16 From the Italian East Africa Empire to Independence (1936-60) p. 18 Democracy and Dictatorship (1960-77) p. 20 The Ogaden War and the Decline of Siyad Barre’s Regime (1977-87) p. 22 Civil War and the Disintegration of Somalia (1988-91) p. 24 From Hope to Despair (1992-99) p. 27 Conflict and Progress in Somaliland (1991-99) p. 31 Eastern Ethiopia from Menelik’s Conquest to Ethnic Federalism (1887-1995) p. 35 The Impact of the Arta Conference and of September the 11th p. 37 PART III: REFUGEES AND RETURNEES IN EASTERN ETHIOPIA AND SOMALILAND p. 42 Refugee Influxes and Camps p. 41 Patterns of Repatriation (1991-99) p. 46 Patterns of Reintegration in the Waqoyi Galbeed and Awdal Regions of Somaliland p. 52 Bibliography p. 62 ANNEXES: CLAN GENEALOGICAL CHARTS Samaal (General/Overview) A. 1 Dir A. 2 Issa A. 2.1 Gadabursi A. 2.2 Isaq A. 2.3 Habar Awal / Isaq A.2.3.1 Garhajis / Isaq A. 2.3.2 Darod (General/ Simplified) A. 3 Ogaden and Marrahan Darod A. -
Master Thesis
Eindhoven University of Technology MASTER Distribution modeling for pharmaceutical supply chains in urban Ethiopia Lezama Elguero, P. Award date: 2015 Link to publication Disclaimer This document contains a student thesis (bachelor's or master's), as authored by a student at Eindhoven University of Technology. Student theses are made available in the TU/e repository upon obtaining the required degree. The grade received is not published on the document as presented in the repository. The required complexity or quality of research of student theses may vary by program, and the required minimum study period may vary in duration. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain Eindhoven, March 2014 Distribution modeling for pharmaceutical supply chains in urban Ethiopia by P. Lezama Elguero BSc. Industrial Engineering – ITESM (2012) Student identity number: 0827262 in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Operations Management & Logistics Supervisors: Prof. dr. J.C. Fransoo, TU/e, OPAC dr. K.H. van Donselaar, TU/e, OPAC TUE. School of Industrial Engineering Series Master Theses Operations Management & Logistics Subject headings: pharmaceutical supply chains, distribution modeling, simulation modeling, multi- echelon systems, urban distribution sub-Sahara Africa II Abstract This thesis concerns the analysis of the Ethiopian distribution system, mainly for the urban market, to study the inter-connected causes and effects that play a role in the pharmaceutical supply chain in this country. -
Mortality During a Famine — Gode District, Ethiopia, July 2000
April 20, 2001 / Vol. 50 / No. 15 285 50 Years of the Epidemic Intelligence Service 285 Mortality During a Famine — Ethiopia, 2000 289 Fatal and Severe Hepatitis Associated With Rifampin and Pyrazinamide for the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection — New York and Georgia, 2000 291 Cluster of Tuberculosis Cases Among Exotic Dancers and Their Close Contacts — Kansas, 1994–2000 293 Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections Among Children Associated With Farm Visits — Pennsylvania and Washington 50 Years of the Epidemic Intelligence Service This issue of MMWR commemorates the 50th anniversary of the Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS). In 1951, EIS was established by CDC following the start of the Korean War as an early-warning system against biologic warfare and man- made epidemics. EIS officers selected for 2-year field assignments were primarily medical doctors and other health professionals, such as sanitarians, dentists, and veterinarians, who focused on infectious disease outbreaks. EIS has expanded to include a range of public health professionals, such as postdoctoral scientists in statistics, epidemiology, microbiology, anthropology, sociology, and behavioral sciences. The scope of work also has expanded to include chronic disease, environ- mental health, unintentional injury, violence prevention, and workplace health and safety. Since 1951, approximately 2500 EIS officers have responded to requests for epidemiologic assistance within the United States and throughout the world. Each year, EIS officers are involved in several hundred investigations of disease and injury problems, enabling CDC and its public health partners to make recommenda- tions to improve the public’s health and safety. Additional information about EIS and its 50th anniversary is available at http://www.cdc.gov/eis. -
Somali and Benishangul-Gumuz Regions Adegehe, A.K
Federalism and ethnic conflict in Ethiopia. A comparative study of the Somali and Benishangul-Gumuz regions Adegehe, A.K. Citation Adegehe, A. K. (2009, June 11). Federalism and ethnic conflict in Ethiopia. A comparative study of the Somali and Benishangul-Gumuz regions. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13839 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13839 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Peripherality, Ethnic Makeup 5 and History: Somali and Benishangul-Gumuz Regions 5.1 Introduction The previous chapter examined the asymmetrical features of Ethiopian federalism and provided an outline about emerging trends of autonomy conflicts at the country level. The task of this chapter is, however, to provide a general background on the two study regions – Somali and Benishangul-Gumuz. Both regions share a number of similarities. For instance, they were historically peripheral to the Ethiopian State and hence their constituent ethnic groups have little presence in the national political landscape. They also suffered from chronic marginality in terms of social and physical infrastructure development. Indeed, in spite of some of the positive changes since 1992, the two regions still lag significantly behind the highland regions. Besides peripherality, both regions have cross-border ethnic ties. In fact, the international boundaries that Ethiopia shares with the Sudan and Somalia divide the ethnic groups of the two regions. There is, however, some variance in the significance of the ethnic groups to the politics of the neighbouring countries. -
Ethiopia: Administrative Map (August 2017)
Ethiopia: Administrative map (August 2017) ERITREA National capital P Erob Tahtay Adiyabo Regional capital Gulomekeda Laelay Adiyabo Mereb Leke Ahferom Red Sea Humera Adigrat ! ! Dalul ! Adwa Ganta Afeshum Aksum Saesie Tsaedaemba Shire Indasilase ! Zonal Capital ! North West TigrayTahtay KoraroTahtay Maychew Eastern Tigray Kafta Humera Laelay Maychew Werei Leke TIGRAY Asgede Tsimbila Central Tigray Hawzen Medebay Zana Koneba Naeder Adet Berahile Region boundary Atsbi Wenberta Western Tigray Kelete Awelallo Welkait Kola Temben Tselemti Degua Temben Mekele Zone boundary Tanqua Abergele P Zone 2 (Kilbet Rasu) Tsegede Tselemt Mekele Town Special Enderta Afdera Addi Arekay South East Ab Ala Tsegede Mirab Armacho Beyeda Woreda boundary Debark Erebti SUDAN Hintalo Wejirat Saharti Samre Tach Armacho Abergele Sanja ! Dabat Janamora Megale Bidu Alaje Sahla Addis Ababa Ziquala Maychew ! Wegera Metema Lay Armacho Wag Himra Endamehoni Raya Azebo North Gondar Gonder ! Sekota Teru Afar Chilga Southern Tigray Gonder City Adm. Yalo East Belesa Ofla West Belesa Kurri Dehana Dembia Gonder Zuria Alamata Gaz Gibla Zone 4 (Fantana Rasu ) Elidar Amhara Gelegu Quara ! Takusa Ebenat Gulina Bugna Awra Libo Kemkem Kobo Gidan Lasta Benishangul Gumuz North Wello AFAR Alfa Zone 1(Awsi Rasu) Debre Tabor Ewa ! Fogera Farta Lay Gayint Semera Meket Guba Lafto DPubti DJIBOUTI Jawi South Gondar Dire Dawa Semen Achefer East Esite Chifra Bahir Dar Wadla Delanta Habru Asayita P Tach Gayint ! Bahir Dar City Adm. Aysaita Guba AMHARA Dera Ambasel Debub Achefer Bahirdar Zuria Dawunt Worebabu Gambela Dangura West Esite Gulf of Aden Mecha Adaa'r Mile Pawe Special Simada Thehulederie Kutaber Dangila Yilmana Densa Afambo Mekdela Tenta Awi Dessie Bati Hulet Ej Enese ! Hareri Sayint Dessie City Adm. -
Existing/Planned Outside Plant Eastern Region
Existing/Planned Outside Plant Eastern Region Adm. Fixed/Rigid Network Cross Connection Cabinet Capacity of Access Network Total Digital No. Exchange Tele Region Existing Planned CCC Existing Capacity Planned Capacity P.Gain Loop Capacity Location Region (kilil) Capacity Capacity No. Primary Secondary Primary Secondary System Carrier (Line) 1 Adele ER 2 Afdem ER 3 Alemaya ER 400 1000 4 Amaressa ER 100 5 Arba bordele ER 100 6 Asebe Teferi ER 1600 1 600 700 2 600 600 7 Asebot ER 20 8 Aware ER 9 Aweday ER 100 10 Ayisha ER 11 Babile ER 150 12 Bedeno ER 13 Bedessa ER 100 800 14 Belbelti ER 15 Bisidimo ER 16 Bocco ER 17 Boreda ER 18 Chelenko ER 50 19 Chimbaksen ER 100 20 Dawe ER 21 Debesso ER 20 22 Deder ER 50 23 Degahabur ER 400 24 Dire Dawa ER 2700 1 600 600 2 600 1100 3 400 800 4 600 900 5 600 1100 6 600 800 7 600 800 8 600 800 9 400 700 10 600 700 11 400 800 12 400 800 13 400 600 14 600 600 15 400 600 16 600 700 17 600 700 18 600 700 19 600 700 20 600 700 25 Doba ER 26 Ejersa Goro ER 27 Erer ER 28 Fiq ER 29 Geladin ER 30 Gelemso ER 800 31 Girawa ER 32 Godie ER 900 33 Gursum ER 200 34 Hamer Hadid ER 35 Harar ER 1520 1 500 700 2 500 800 3 400 700 4 500 700 5 400 700 6 900 1400 7 600 700 Adm. -
Ethiopia: Effects of Civil War on Nutrition, Mortality, and Vaccination Coverage Using CE-DAT Database from 2000 – 2008
274 Working Paper Ethiopia: effects of civil war on nutrition, mortality, and vaccination coverage using CE-DAT database from 2000 – 2008 Sindu Workneh December 2009 Complex Emergency Database Ethiopia: effects of civil war on nutrition, mortality, and vaccination coverage using CE-DAT database from 2000 – 2008 Sindu Workneh 1 December, 2009 German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Germany Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Belgium 1 Doctoral Student at German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Email: [email protected] This report is prepared during an internship work as part of the PhD program at the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Brussels Belgium. The author is grateful for the professional mentorship of CRED staff during the internship. Any error in the report remains to be the author’s. List of Abbreviations AAU Addis Ababa University AFD Alliance for Freedom and Democracy CE-DAT Complex Emergencies Data Base CMR Crude Mortality Rate CRED Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters CSA Central Statistical Agency CUD Coalition for Unity and Democracy EDHS Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey EEBC Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission EPPF Ethiopian People’s Patriotic Front EPRDF Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia GAM Global Acute Malnutrition GDP Gross Domestic Product GNI Gross National Income GPLM/F Gambella Peoples Liberation Movement/Force HSDP Health Sector Development Program IDP Internally