HISTORICAL REVIEW

Madrid in 18J,8 See Page 317 SI The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of this State, shall be the trustee of this State.—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R. S. of Mo., 1949, Chapter 183.

OFFICERS 1953-1956 L. M. WHITE, Mexico, President GEORGE ROBB ELLISON, Maryville, First Vice-President RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau, Second Vice-President HENRY A. BUNDSCHU, Independence, Third Vice-President BARTLETT BODER, St. Joseph, Fourth Vice-President RAY V. DENSLOW, Trenton, Fifth Vice-President W. C. HEWITT, Shelbyville, Sixth Vice-President R. B. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER, Columbia, Secretary and Librarian

TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society

ALLEN MCREYNOLDS, Carthage E. E. SWAIN, Kirksville GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City G. L. ZWICK, St. Joseph WILLIAM SOUTHERN, JR., Independence

Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1955 CHESTER A. BRADLEY, Kansas City GEORGE H. SCRUTON, Sedalia GEORGE ROBB ELLISON, Maryville JAMES TODD, Moberly ALFRED O. FUERBRINGER, St. Louis T. BALLARD WATTERS, Marshfield FRANK L. MOTT, Columbia L. M. WHITE, Mexico

Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1956

F. C. BARNHILL, Marshall RALPH P. JOHNSON, Osceola FRANK P. BRIGGS, Macon E. LANSING RAY, St. Louis W. C. HEWITT, Shelbyville ALBERT L. REEVES, Kansas City STEPHEN B. HUNTER, Cape Girardeau ROY D. WILLIAMS, Boonville

Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1957

RALPH P. BIEBER, St. Louis L. E. MEADOR, Springfield ARTHUR V. BURROWES, St. Joseph JOSEPH H. MOORE, Charleston WM. P. ELMER, Salem ISRAEL A. SMITH, Independence LAURENCE J. KENNY, S. J., St. Louis HENRY C. THOMPSON, Bonne Terre

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-nine Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and President of the University of Missouri constitute the Executive Committee. Missouri Historical Review Floyd C. Shoemaker, Editor

Volume XLIX July 1955 Number Four

The Missouri Historical Review is published quarterly at 201 Madison Street, Jefferson City, Missouri. Communications pertaining to the publication should be addressed to 201 Madison Street, Jefferson City, Missouri, or to Floyd C. Shoemaker, The State Historical Society of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. The Review is sent free to all members of the State Historical Society of Missouri. Membership dues in the Society are $1.00 a year, or $20 for a life membership. The Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Jefferson City, Missouri, under the act of August 24, 1912. MORE COMMENTS ON THE SOCIETY AND THE REVIEW

Again I congratulate you upon the magnificent job you are doing for the State of Missouri at a time when so little consideration is given to local history in our country which owes so much to those who occupied the soil to the west of the eastern sea­ board.—BRIG. GEN. PAUL M. ROBINETT, Washington, D. C. The Missouri Historical Review is always good—the beauty and excellence of the current number so far exceeds all anticipation that our debt of gratitude is beyond expression. Every page is a work of art and credit to make-up skill.—BELLE S. MOONEY, Kansas City. In my opinion the January Review is the finest, most attractive, and richest in valuable historical lore of any number yet published.—RALPH E. BUTCHER, University City. I do not know where so much can be secured for $1.00 for membership in the State Historical Society and the valuable information in the Historical Review.— w. F. SANDERS, Parkville. The fine and selected reading in the Missouri Historical Review affords good entertainment and gives valuable information.—MRS. A. LEE SMISER, Warrensburg. While I was working on my Master's thesis I developed a great respect for the Society and learned to appreciate the value of the Review.—-MARY HELEN BARRETT, St. Louis. I want you to know how much I enjoy reading the Missouri Historical Review. I read it from cover to cover.—J. H. WHITTON, Santa Monica, Calif. Herewith my renewal for the next year. I am very pleased with the publication of the Society and proud to see it rank high in its field.—J. L. CONNELLY, Ironton. I am much interested in the Society, and the magazine is tops in early history.— BERTHA FLOYD STEPHENS, BolckOW. Just received the last issue of the Review and am reading it from cover to cover with great interest and pleasure.—LOUIS A. SMITH, Edwardsville, 111. The Review gets better and better with every number, and I do not want to miss one.—CLARAH FRANCES BROWN, Marshall. I enjoy reading the Review very much and look forward to its coming.—JEANETTE WELLS. Jefferson City. You certainly have done an excellent job in editing the Missouri Historical Review and, as a former Missourian, I am still proud to be a member of the Society.—LORIN W. ROBERTS, Decatur, Ga. I will be proud to become a member of our distinguished State Historical Society.—• WILLIAM F. MCMLTRRY, St. Charles. As a transplanted Missourian I have found the Missouri Historical Review highly interesting and informative.—ANTHONY C. RICCIO, Kansas City. It's a real pleasure to send you this dollar. I like your magazine and your work.—• JOHN R. THOMAS, St. LouiS. May I add my name to the list of those who have congratulated you on the com­ petence, value, and interest of the Historical Review ? The combination of scholarship and genuine pertinence is all too rare in such publications.—FRANK L. PETERS, Spring­ field. In the January issue of the Review I read with special interest your essay entitled "Missouri's Tennessee Heritage." Years ago I had the privilege of working as pastor and teacher in the Great Smoky Mountains area of Tennessee, and your excellent presentation struck many responsive chords.—WILLIAM F. ARNDT, St. Louis. Contents Page

NEW MADRID, MOTHER OF SOUTHEAST MISSOURI. By Floyd C. Shoemaker.. . 317

THE SMALL TOWN IN MISSOURI TWENTIETH CENTURY FICTION. Part II. By Eutopia 0. Bailey 328

MISSOURI'S NEW PROGRAM FOR HIGHWAY HISTORIC MARKING. Part III. By Floyd C. Shoemaker. Inscriptions compiled by Ruby M. Robins. . . . 342 THE LEONARD-BERRY DUEL OF 1824. By Frederic A. Culmer 357

"THIS WEEK IN MISSOURI HISTORY." By Floyd C. Shoemaker 360

HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS 368 A Personal Message from the Secretary 368 Members Active in Increasing the Society's Membership 369 New Members of the Historical Society 371 Society's Secretary Honored by Senate Resolution 374 Back Numbers of the Review Wanted 375 Society Acquires Valuable Map Collection 375 Drawing of First State Capitol in Jefferson City 376 Re-Enactment of Battle of Lexington 377 Jefferson City Chamber of Commerce Makes History Live 379 Highlights of 1855 379 Errata 380 Activities of Local Historical Societies 381 Anniversaries 386 Notes 387 Historical Publications 398 Obituaries 405

MISSOURI HISTORY NOT FOUND IN TEXTBOOKS 410 EDWARD EVERETT SWAIN Verso Back Cover

DUSTAN COVERING THE RETREAT OF HIS SEVEN CHILDREN Back Cover Illustrations Page NEW MADRID IN 1848. Cover design from Henry Lewis Drawing in Das Illustrirte Mississippithal Cover HANDBILL ADVERTISING NEW MADRID EXPEDITION. From George Morgan by Max Savelle 318 iii Illustrations—Continued

PLAN OF FORT OF NEW MADRID. From A Journey in North America by Victor Collot 319 REELFOOT LAKE AND SUBMERGED TIMBER. From The New Madrid Earth­ quake by Myron L. Fuller 325 POPE'S ARMY LEAVING NEW MADRID TO ATTACK ISLAND NO. 10. From Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, April 26, 1862 327 "FREEDOM OF WORSHIP" BY NORMAN ROCKWELL. Reprinted by special permission of the Saturday Evening Post. Copyright 1943 by the Curtis Publishing Co. 329 LEBANON CHRISTIAN CHURCH, SETTING FOR THE CALLING OF DAN MATTHEWS 330 HOMECOMING—MAIN STREET, U.S.A. From Centennial History of Grundy County, Missouri, 1839-1939 by William Ray Denslow 333 VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPARTMENT IN REVIEW 334 THE "FASCINATING CONGRESS" OF THE MIDWAY. Wood engraving from the Society's Fred Geary collection 335 HOME OF MISSOURI'S "REBEL LEGISLATURE" AT NEOSHO. From the Columbia Herald, January 26, 1890 343 GEORGE MORGAN, FOUNDER OF THE FIRST AMERICAN TOWN IN MISSOURI ... 344 FEDERAL MILITARY ENCAMPMENT AT ROLLA. From Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, February 1, 1862 346 WHERE THE "BIG MUDDY" MEETS THE "FATHER OF THE WATERS" 348 PONY EXPRESS STATUE IN ST. JOSEPH 349 CEREMONY OF TERRITORIAL TRANSFER AT ST. LOUIS. From Stories of Mis­ souri by John R. Musick 350 CAPITOL MURAL BY O. E. BERNINGHAUS OF STE. GENEVIEVE, SETTLED IN 1735 352 FALL OF GENERAL LYON AT BATTLE OF WILSON'S CREEK 353 OLD GRAND RIVER COLLEGE BUILDING AT EDINBURG. From Centennial History of Grundy County, Missouri, 1839-1939 by William Ray Denslow. 355 THIS WEEK IN MISSOURI HISTORY 360 "SILVER DICK," MISSOURI'S CONGRESSMAN FOR THIRTEEN TERMS. From Missouri, the Center State, 1821-1915, II, by Walter B. Stevens 361 HIS CAMPAIGN RIBBON FOR THE DEMOCRATIC NOMINATION IN 1896. From AN AMERICAN COMMONER by William Vincent Byars 362 GERMAN-BORN REFORMER SHAPED MISSOURI POLITICS AND JOURNALISM. From St. Louis: The Future Great City by L. U. Reavis 363 HIS MUSIC ENTERTAINED PRESIDENT HAYES' FAMILY. From German- American Review, August, 1952 364 THIS WARREN COUNTY HILL IS WHERE HE DID MUCH OF HIS WRITING. ... 366 TITLE PAGE OF HIS REPORT 367 FIRST CAPITOL IN JEFFERSON CITY DRAWN BY MARCEL BOULICOULT 376 WENTWORTH MILITARY ACADEMY CELEBRATES 75TH ANNIVERSARY 377 ORIGINAL BATTLE OF LEXINGTON WITH ANDERSON HOUSE AT LEFT. From Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, Oct. 12, 1861 378 CAPITOL LUNETTE UTILIZED BY JEFFERSON CITY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. . 378 "TENACIOUS LITTLE CHICKASAW" (UPPER LEFT) HAMMERING AT THE TENNESSEE IN THE BATTLE OF MOBILE BAY 416 EDWARD EVERETT SWAIN Verso Back Cover DUSTAN COVERING THE RETREAT OF HIS SEVEN CHILDREN Back Cover NEW MADRID, MOTHER OF SOUTHEAST MISSOURI

BY FLOYD C SHOEMAKER*

The highway historical marker at New Madrid mentions a few of the highlights of the history of the first American settlement in Missouri. To give even a partially complete account of the one hundred and seventy-five years which make up the history of New Madrid is not only beyond the limitation of the space of such a marker but also beyond the limitation of a brief outline such as I am about to present. For New Madrid has lived a long and eventful life, one full of interest for the historians of our great West and of significance for the present citizens of the city. Let us glance briefly, then, at the growth of New Madrid the district, which at one time included the district of Cape Girardeau and all of the present state of Arkansas, entitling it at least in some degree to the sobriquet of "Mother of Southeast Missouri." We can trace the history of New Madrid back to 1780, when Francois and Joseph Le Sieur established headquarters for hunters and fur traders at a spot called "L'Anse a la Graise" or "cove of fat," indicating its use by French and Spanish navigators as a storage place for bear meat. Actual settlement was begun by the brothers in 1786, and three years later the small French trading post was chosen by Colonel George Morgan as the site for the city of his dreams. This former Revolutionary War officer of Welsh descent, also known as a land speculator, scientific farmer, and Indian agent in the Illinois country, was the real pioneer of American settlement in southeastern Missouri. His trip to New Madrid was ten years before the time Daniel Boone went from Kentucky to Missouri. The grant of fifteen million acres that he was promised by the Spanish minister, Don Diego de Gardoqui, later served as the basis for the Spanish District of New Madrid, the southernmost of the five Spanish districts comprising Upper Louisiana. The grant covered the area from Cape Cinque Hommes on the north,

*Floyd C. Shoemaker since 1915 has been secretary, editor, and librarian of the State Historical Society of Missouri, following five years as assistant secretary, 1910- 1915. The address on "New Madrid, Mother of Southeast Missouri" was delivered at the dedication of the highway historical marker at New Madrid on October 24, 1954. 317 318 Missouri Historical Review

including what later became the District of Cape Girardeau, to the mouth of the St. Francis River on the south, later part of the Ar­ kansas Territory. The new Madrid grant extended as far west as the White River. From this strategic area, stretching north and south of the mouth of the Ohio River, Morgan hoped to control the commerce of the whole American West east of the Mississippi River, taking advantage of the location in Spanish territory to gain the right to use the port of New Orleans. Col. Morgan, one of the most colorful men active in expanding America's frontier beyond the Mississippi, has been neglected by historians. He gave New Madrid the most extensive favorable publicity the area received before the twentieth century. He issued circulars throughout New England and as far west as the old North­ west Territory, giving glowing accounts of the potential kingdom and its advantages. The requirements were few: to receive a grant of 320 acres, one had only to build a house and settle the land before May, 1790, take an oath of al­

«•$» jirQjtB&^rf »*!t« %si&«m< is the 9 legiance to the king of Spain, and

Boa** »t«3 JVwtft*>r0 k>f ih* ¥vi$*>&< &*' pay Morgan forty-eight Mexican IK i-t rj^jw^, w« t*t dollars. He would then have the

IfeSttottofc^ra privilege of residing in an ideally .flSf^W?" Itht!**& .'.'. .*.'.• * :«ftt*ox«>!- <« fe, platted city. The city was to • ^ whnts *v*fc;> Are EsiS, W>rM., &H»? ••?|'.-;'-j& .'•$»* "8&rwst ..£«•'a Tw srf cover an area two miles wide and four miles long, dissected by f/'^S.^^^^W^^ri^^^ streets as wide as 120 feet bor- filSSS'ilS^ffiSSSSSB^^ dered by fifteen-foot sidewalks. wM*'1®i#***»**-fefe«tos«|i- mUrnMate* asrf «*<*<{»«>»m^MS::\:t. ;g&^^ Lots were to be provided for ^^^iMt^^S^^^^^&^ market places, schools, and illfe churches, and a twelve-acre lake, 111© a treelined parkway, and public river landings were other attrac­ ^SlSliP tions. Nor were the attractions iiIli|B:i:|3:I::sjS!t%s.»^!>o limited to material advantages. Freedom of religion and local Courtesy Mr. David McCord self-government were to be a Handbill Advertising the New basis of Morgan's Utopia. To Madrid Expedition in 1788 this end, lots were to be provided for Roman Catholic, Episcopal, Presbyterian, German Lutheran, and German Calvinist churches and schools. New Madrid, Mother of Southeast Missouri 319

It is little wonder that Morgan was enthusiastic about the prospects for the success of his venture. When his plans were laid, the Articles of Confederation had failed, and many people were discouraged about the success of the new constitution. Spanish control of New Orleans, and thus of the Mississippi, had created so much dissatisfaction and actual hardship that conspiracies were under way to form a new nation of western states, with Kentucky in particular threatening to break away and join Spain. Morgan could promise the privileges of freedom of worship and self-gov­ ernment not customary in Span­ PLAN of llie FOR ish territory plus the additional of'Neu .MADRID advantages of free navigation ll/VVA* t LA OH.USSR and freedom to own slaves. The last inducement was particularly appealing, because the Ordi­ nance of 1787 had prohibited slavery in the Northwest Terri­ tory. The beauty of the site itself must have done much to further Morgan's expectations. New Madrid was located on an un­ usually fertile ridge extending from the foot of the Scott County hills southward to the St. Fran­ m cis River. The ridge touched New Madrid as Seen by French the Mississippi River at New Traveler Victor Collot Madrid, forming high banks. The open prairie with its scattered trees gave a park-like appear­ ance to the landscape, and a large lake of clear and limpid water was bordered with a white, sandy beach. Fruitful soil, luxuriant grass, abundance of game and fowl, and the delights of a varied climate combined to make what Morgan considered an ideal loca­ tion. After deciding upon the location at New Madrid and leaving the seventy men he had led from Fort Pitt to begin a settlement, Morgan went to New Orleans in May, 1789, to receive confirmation of Gardoqui's promises from Estevan Miro, Governor of Louisiana. In the meantime, General James Wilkinson, who wanted to make Kentucky the center of an independent confederation which would 320 Missouri Historical Review either negotiate with Spain for free navigation of the Mississippi or ally itself with England to defeat Spain, realized that Kentucky would have no reason to separate from the United States if Morgan relieved the pressure by making New Madrid an outlet for United States goods. Therefore, Wilkinson convinced Miro that Spain's interests would be sacrificed under Morgan's plan, because the American settlers would remain American in their outlook and would merely cause trouble in Spain's well-disciplined empire. Wilkinson stressed the advantage of colonization of Spanish terri­ tory by Spanish agents under Spanish supervision and of fortifica­ tions to uphold authority. Under Wilkinson's influence, Miro reduced Morgan's grants. He decided to fortify the settlement and made Morgan second in command to the military officer to be appointed. Spanish officers were to administer Spanish laws after all. No public worship was to be allowed except that of the Catholic Church, although Protes­ tants would not be molested. Miro required the settlers to take an oath of allegiance to defend Spanish territory if necessary. He authorized Morgan to bring in Americans and stipulated that land grants would be free. New settlers would enjoy the same privileges as the old inhabitants. Morgan's enthusiasm vanished when he discovered that he would be second in command and that his own personal land grant was cut to 1,000 acres. Furthermore, he was convinced that Ameri­ can settlers would not approve of Miro's requirements. Morgan never returned to New Madrid, but, after being assured that grants he had made to the men who had already begun the settlement would be upheld, he went instead to Philadelphia. Many of the men who had left Fort Pitt with Morgan returned home with their leader. Settlers were further discouraged by a flood in the summer of 1789, when the fort had to be moved to higher ground. All but fourteen of the settlers had left by November. The settlement at New Madrid had existed without a com­ mandant, either civil or military, throughout the 1780's, creating a situation which virtually amounted to anarchy. To correct this lawlessness, Miro sent Henre Peyroux and six soldiers to New Madrid to preserve order after Morgan's departure. Peyroux opened several roads and made land grants but was soon replaced by Pierre Foucher who was ordered to New Madrid in July, 1789, to build a fort and take civil and military command. Foucher built Fort Celeste (named after Miro's wife) and laid out the town, New Madrid, Mother of Southeast Missouri 321 but prosperity was elusive in spite of the commandant's efforts. During the following administration of Thomas Portell, from 1791 to 1796, the situation became worse instead of better. Nor was there any great improvement during the administration of Colonel Charles De Lassus from 1796 to 1799, but new settlers continued to come to keep the town alive. Although there was not much farming before 1796, 174 lots had been granted by then, while only seventy- one were abandoned. By May, 1799, oaths had been given to 601 new settlers at New Madrid, but the first statistical census that year showed the population to be only 282 persons. The popula­ tion of the whole district of New Madrid was 831. By 1799, the Indians had gone farther inland, cutting off trade and making it necessary for a few resident hunters to provision the village. The situation was so critical that rationing was used in the 1790's, with coupons being issued for such items as bread, tobacco, sugar, and rum. In spite of all this hardship, definite progress was made. As early as 1789, a road had been marked out following the old Indian trail from New Madrid to St. Louis. El Camino Real, or King's Highway, as it was called, passed through Big Prairie, through Rich Woods to Scott County, and on through Cape Girardeau and Ste. Genevieve, stimulating settlement all along the way. Further­ more, a private school was opened in 1793, and in the same year Father Pierre Gibault, ''Patriot Priest of the West," was named priest for New Madrid. Father Gibault had been the only official of the Catholic Church in the region north of the Ohio River for many years. In 1799, he erected New Madrid's first church, St. Isadore, and served the community until his death three years later. The period after the turn of the century was also a critical one for New Madrid. After Father Gibault's death in 1802, there was no resident priest, and the settlers were served by the priest at Ste. Genevieve. It was not until 1810 that the New Madrid circuit of the Methodist Church was created, making this church organiza­ tion the second oldest in New Madrid. The river was continually encroaching on the settlement, fever claimed some victims, Indians terrorized the town, and river bandits under the leadership of Samuel Mason had to be driven out. Before the time of the earth­ quakes in 1811 and 1812, the settlement had almost expired and had been revived several times, but it had made steady, if slow, progress. 322 Missouri Historical Review

If this superfic'al picture were the whole story of the struggling village, New Madrid would not be so significant today. However, New Madrid's significance far outweighed the mere census figures, and the settlement is important for its unique position in the Spanish regime. Until late in 1799, New Madrid was completely inde­ pendent from the rest of Upper Louisiana. The commander at New Madrid exercised the powers of a subdelegate to the governor at New Orleans and administered the district independently of the lieutenant-governor at St. Louis. This gave the commandant at New Madrid a position of superiority over those at Ste. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau, and St. Charles, as all post commanders in Upper Louisiana were under the control of the lieutenant-governor at St. Louis. Until 1799, the only two "patented officers" were at St. Louis and at New Madrid. These officers could make land grants which formed the basis for legal claims and were recognized by the governor at New Orleans, subject to the approval of the royal intendants. Commandants at St. Charles, Ste. Genevieve, and Cape Girardeau were * 'particular" officers and had no such sub- delegate powers. This privileged position ended when New Madrid became part of Upper Louisiana in 1799. Furthermore, New Madrid had an independent court system. In the Spanish system, cases were tried by the commandant with appeal possible to the lieutenant-governor and from him to the governor general. Because of its distance from St. Louis, however, New Madrid obtained the right to have "all trials for felony held and adjudged without appeal." This liberality of Spanish officials toward New Madrid extended to the granting of land. New Madrid also violated the traditional Spanish pattern in that no common field was fenced in and divided among the settlers during the Spanish occupation. The question of using a common field was discussed before the commandant, but the Americans objected to the plan and displayed a spirit of independence and self-reliance in enclosing separate fields in spite of the labor, trouble, and expense. Much of the settlement's importance lay in its strategic loca­ tion as a river port. According to Louis Houck, New Madrid was commercially the most important station on the upper Mississippi in 1799. It was the port of entry for all vessels going up or down the river, to or from New Orleans, and these boats had to land there for inspection. The itinerant Presbyterian minister, Timothy Flint, said, "You can name no point from the numerous rivers of the Ohio and the Mississippi from which some of the boats have New Madrid, Mother of Southeast Missouri 323 not come . . . They have come from regions, thousands of miles apart (and) . . . have floated to a common point of union." Revenue boats were stationed at this customs port, and in the spring as many as one hundred boats were known to land at New Madrid in a single day. Most important of all is the role played by New Madrid in leading the way for American expansion west of the Mississippi River. The impulse given American immigration by the wide advertisement of Morgan's plans combined with the liberal land policy of the Spanish authorities to stimulate westward movement. So great was American migration that when the territory was ceded to the United States, a majority of the population of Upper Louisiana was already composed of Americans. This immigration had also been increased by the passage of the Ordinance of 1787 which led slaveholders to believe that Negroes would be freed in the North­ west Territory as soon as a territorial government was established. The influence of New Madrid is even reflected back in this very Northwest Territory from which it took settlers, because the plan of surveying used by Morgan at New Madrid was so far superior to former plans used by Congress that it was adopted by the United States in 1796 in surveying the land north of the Ohio River. The Spanish period came to an end with the transfer at St. Louis of Upper Louisiana from Spain to France on March 9, 1804, followed by the transfer to the United States on March 10. New Madrid was the only one of the remaining posts and settlements of Upper Louisiana that marked the occasion with a ceremony. There on March 18, Don Juan La Vallee surrendered the fort and district under his command to Captain Daniel Bissell, the repre­ sentative of the United States. Perhaps New Madrid's greatest contributions as an innovator came in the period before the Louisiana Purchase, but the District of New Madrid had important political significance which carried over to the American period. Until about 1795, New Madrid included Cape Girardeau and until 1804, it included what was to become Arkansas. William Henry Harrison, Governor of Indiana Territory which included the District of Louisiana, by a proclama­ tion on October 1, 1804, extended the southern boundary of New Madrid to 33° north latitude, and this line was used by Congress the same year as the dividing line between the District of Louisiana and the Territory of Orleans. The old District of New Madrid remained a political division until 1812 when it became a county. 324 Missouri Historical Review

The southern boundary of New Madrid was contracted in 1813 when Arkansas County was established. Clarke, Hempstead, and Pulaski counties were formed from Arkansas County, and all four counties were lost to New Madrid and to Missouri when the Arkansas Terri­ tory was created March 2, 1819. New Madrid was further broken down in 1815 when Lawrence County was organized from part of New Madrid west of the St. Francis River and north of Arkansas County. Lawrence County was shortlived, however, for three years later it was combined with part of Cape Girardeau to become Wayne County. New Madrid was then located between Wayne County and the Mississippi River. The original county of New Madrid was reduced in size, but the town retained political importance when the seat of justice was moved from Winchester to New Madrid in 1821. Today twenty-nine of Missouri's 114 counties are wholly or partly made of territory which was part of the original New Madrid County. These include the counties of Scott, Mississippi, New Madrid, Pemiscot, Dunklin, Stoddard, Butler, Carter, Ripley, Oregon, Howell, Christian, Douglas, Ozark, Taney, Stone, and Barry. It also includes parts of the counties of Bollinger, Wayne, Reynolds, Shannon, Texas, Wright, Webster, Greene, Lawrence, Jasper, Newton, and McDonald. We see, then, that New Madrid was the political nucleus from which future southeastern Missouri counties were to evolve, in spite of the fact that rival settlements soon developed to grow along­ side the first American city in Missouri. Although New Madrid was not able to furnish many actual settlers to new areas, it did provide leadership by example and gave incentive for the immigra­ tion of Americans into Spanish Territory. New Madrid's role in settling the area would no doubt have been considerably stronger if the town itself had not suffered misfortunes which retarded its growth and prevented prosperity in the early period before Missouri became a state. The swampiness of the area had been under­ estimated by the original settlers and was to prove a constant handicap. Also, the Indian trade had declined almost to the point of non-existence, sometimes bringing real hardship to the settlers. By far the most important impediment to its growth, however, was the series of earthquakes which began December 16, 1811, bringing such terror and destruction in the next year that settlers lacked the confidence necessary to rebuild good homes. While other areas of the future state of Missouri were forging swiftly ahead, New Madrid New Madrid, Mother of Southeast Missouri 325 was fighting for survival and recovery. Public works and several streets were carried away, including Father Gibault's church, house, and gardens. Only two families remained at one time of the crisis, and over one hundred tracts of land were offered for sale for back taxes in April, 1817. Numerous descriptions of the earthquakes have been handed down. Perhaps one of the most vivid was written by Eliza Bryan in 1816: The awful darkness of the atmosphere which, as formerly, was saturated with the sulphurous vapor, and the violence of the tempestuous thunder­ ing noise that accompanied it, together with all the other phenomena mentioned as attending the former ones, formed a scene, the description of which would require the most sublimely fanciful imagination. At first the Mississippi seemed to recede from its banks, and its water gathered up like a mountain, leaving, for a moment, many boats ... on the bare sand, in which time the poor sailors made their escape from them. It then rising fifteen or twenty feet perpendicularly, and expanding, as it were, at the same moment, the bank overflowed with a retrograde current rapid as a torrent . . . The river, falling immediately as rapidly as it had risen, receded within its banks again with such violence that it took with it whole groves of young cottonwood trees which ledged its borders . . . The site of this town was evidently settled down at least fifteen feet.

Another description continues:

. . . the earth was thrown into waves like the waves of the sea; this waving motion was so violent that it was impossible to stand or to walk . . . The crest of the waves was elevated some three or four feet above the usual level of the earth, forming long lines running from the southwest to northeast, and having depressions between them; some of these waves

Courtesy U. S. Dept. Interior; Geological Survey Reelfoot Lake and Submerged Timber, a Result of New Madrid Earthquakes 326 Missouri Historical Review

or swells burst, forming fissures in the earth some three to seven feet in width and extending to an unknown depth . . . Out of the fissures thus formed there spouted great quantities of water, sand, and a kind of char­ coal or lignite. In many cases there seems to have been a sort of gas having a sulphurous smell.

Reelfoot Lake in Tennessee was one outcome of this upheavel. These shocks have not been surpassed or equalled for number, con­ tinuance of disturbance, area affected, or severity even by the more widely known quakes at Charleston and San Francisco. Only the scarcity of population has kept the New Madrid earthquake from gaining public attention. Connected with the fame of the earthquakes is the unfortunate scandal of the land frauds resulting from an act of Congress in 1815 for the relief of earthquake victims. The act provided that victims could have an equal amount of land which was authorized for sale elsewhere in the territory. If the owner had held less than 160 acres, he was, nevertheless, entitled to a minimum of 160 acres by the act, making it possible to trade small town lots for good-sized farms. The inevitable speculation followed on a grandiose scale, with land sharks buying the damaged holdings for a song. The speculators themselves were sometimes the victims when landowners sold their property several times to different speculators. The recorder at St. Louis issued 516 certificates for new land with the general provision that they could be filed for an equal amount of land in Boon's Lick Country. 149 of these were for more land than was relinquished. Five times as many certificates were filed as there were heads of families in the New Madrid area, and only twenty bona fide settlers finally claimed land under the act. The whole affair proved to be a field day for lawyers, and litigation was rife, but only in 142 cases was it finally ascertained that holders of the certificates had never held land in the area before the earth­ quake. Nor was this great earthquake to be the last disaster to come to the valiant little town which had struggled for survival from its inception. The encroaching river had forced the town back one-half mile as early as 1808, and by 1855, inhabitants were living on the third site. In 1862, James Morris Morgan, a midshipman in the Confederate navy, was ordered by Commodore George Hollins to go ashore and burn the town established by his great-grandfather. Once more New Madrid was rebuilt, and a new church, the Immacu­ late Conception Church, was dedicated in 1869. This church was New Madrid, Mother of Southeast Missouri 327

Pope's Army Leaving New Madrid to Attack Island No. 10 nearly destroyed by the severe flood of 1875, and the town has been plagued by floods periodically throughout its history. Surely it requires tremendous courage and perseverance for a town to survive all that has befallen New Madrid and still thrive to stand with traditional American doggedness. Today New Madrid serves as a center for one of the state's richest agricultural areas, and a never-ending drive for improvement has resulted in a fine new library, schools, churches, Masonic Temple, business houses, and lovely homes which line the streets. Although the old townsite lies unmarked somewhere in Ken­ tucky, and nearly all the old landmarks of the past have been washed away, tradition links the original settlement at New Madrid with twenty-nine counties which are the political offspring of New Madrid County and reminds us of the spirit of fearless innovation which marked the mother settlement. 328 Missouri Historical Review

THE SMALL TOWN IN TWENTIETH CENTURY MISSOURI FICTION PART II

BY EUTOPIA O. BAILEY*

RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL LIFE The business and political life of a small town are only two of its important phases. To get a well-rounded picture of the small town, it is necessary to consider also its religious and social activities. Henry Bellamann says in Kings Row that the biography of a town is written in the comings and goings of its people, their courtships, marriages, births, and deaths.1 Many of the activities of the communities described in these novels centered in and around the church and school with the club and the fraternal organizations setting the pace for the elite in society. In the early part of the twentieth century the most important church event was the annual revival. This was usually conducted in a tent or brush arbor in an open spot at the edge of town. John Breckenridge Ellis in Fran and Homer Croy in When To Lock the Stable give the most apt description of this religious observance. The tent or arbor was open on all sides except behind the raised platform on which the pulpit and seats for the choir were placed. In front of the platform was a long mourners' bench at which the repentant sinners knelt in supplication for forgiveness and some sort of visible reaction to their conversion. In the body of the tent were rows of hard benches where the men, women, and children sat during the services held every night for at least two weeks. Onlook­ ers and boys waiting for their girls clustered around the three open sides. At seven o'clock the meeting began with singing led by the choir, followed by prayers and the testifying of the "Saints." Then

*EUTOPIA o. BAILEY, a native Missourian, received her B.S. and M.A. degees from Kirksville State Teachers College. She has taught in the public schools of Elmer, Marceline, and Kirksville. At present Mrs. Bailey is teaching English and speech in the high school at La Plata, Mo. JHenry and Katherine Bellamann, Parris Mitchell of Kings Row (New York, Simon and Schuster, 1948), p. 13. The Small Town in Twentieth Century Missouri Fiction 329 the minister gave his sermon, a "hell-fire and damnation" sermon, which so terrified and moved his hearers that the invitation brought many sinners to their knees at the mourners' bench. These sinners cried, prayed aloud, and clasped their hands convulsively, urged on to more explosive efforts by their friends. The choir sang spon­ taneously and sporadically. Above the din came the cry, " Brother Clinton, can't you get it?" Others took up the cry, "Can't you get through tonight?"2 Ellis describes the scene:

Occasionally one heard above the stentorian voice of the exhorter, above the prayers and exclamations of the "seekers," a sudden shout of exulta­ tion—"Bless the Lord!" or a rapturous "A-a-MEN!" Then a kneeling figure would rise, and the exhorter would break off his plea to cry, "Our brother has found the Lord!"3

In many cases this religious zeal reached a stage of such fer­ vor as is portrayed by Homer Croy in West of the Water Tower when Adrian Plummer, Guy's minister-father, believed himself to be the "instrument of God" with power to heal the lame and the afflicted.4 Other types of revival meet­ ings were held in the church building by an evangelist—the "professional soul - winner" — and an accompanying song- leader, both paid by a so-called free will offering. An excellent Copyright 19^3 by Curtis Pub. Co. portrayal of this type of meeting 4 'Freedom of Worship" by Norman in Corinth is given by Harold Rockwell Bell Wright:

Night after night Dan heard the evangelist with harsh words and startling roughness of expression, declare the awful, eternal disaster that befell every soul that did not accept the peculiar brand of salvation which he

2John Breckenridge Ellis, Fran (Indianapolis, The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1912), p. 11. zIbid., p. 6. 4Homer Croy, West of the Water Tower (New York, Harper and Brothers, 1923), p. 35. 330 Missouri Historical Review

and his church alone offered. He listened to the long arguments planned to prove the Tightness, and therefore righteousness, of the evangelist him­ self and the denominational way, and the equal wrongness, and therefore unrighteousness, of every other minister and church not of his way.5

Religion, to a certain extent, was compulsory in the small town. In Darcey, of Young Doctor Galahad, "Church . . . was a social obligation rather than a spiritual one."6 In Greer of Take Three Doctors, "The town approves of a church-going doctor."7 However, the best example of this required display of religion is given in Two Together by Louise Piatt Hauck. Young Shannon and Red Ashbough, working long, back-breaking hours at building up the business in their Beaverville Emporium, slept late two Sun­ day mornings after their arrival. On the Monday after the second Sunday, a committee from the church called on them formally and made this statement: "We don't trade with no atheists, nor yet no agnostics!"8 Conse­ quently, Shannon and Red be­ came regular attendants at Sun­ Lebanon Christian Church, Where day morning services. Harold Bell Wright Served and This obligatory attendance Setting for The Calling of Dan Matthews and participation in church af­ fairs resulted in hypocrisy on the part of some of the members, as is exemplified in The Calling of Dan Matthews by Judge Strong, a self-righteous deacon and pillar of the church, who stole from a widow and an orphan and was rotten to the core. However, the "Judge Strongs" were the exceptions rather than the rule. In this same novel a farmer said to the young minister, Dan Matthews: "... I reckon I'll have to find most of my religion in my work." "And that," said Dan, . . . "is the best place I know of to look for it.

5Harold Bell Wright, The Calling of Dan Matthews (New York, D. Appleton and Company, 1923), p. 315. 6Elizabeth Seifert, Young Doctor Galahad (New York, Dodd, Mead, and Com­ pany, 1938), p. 308. 7Elizabeth Seifert, Take Three Doctors (New York, Dodd, Mead, and Company, 1947), p. 34. 8Louise Piatt Hauck, Two Together (Philadelphia, The Penn Publishing Com­ pany, 1932), p. 126. The Small Town in Twentieth Century Missouri Fiction 331

If you cannot find God in your everyday work, John, you'll not find Him on Sunday at the church."9

Dan's days were filled with the practical application of his Christian theory: helping the poor and needy, cheering the down­ hearted, lifting the sinner from the muck, and caring for the sick. Christian neighborliness is depicted in Homecoming at the death of the general's grandfather:

A wealth of food was set upon the table—no one came empty-handed to a house of mourning. Platters of chicken and ham, bowls of slaw, cakes of every color and size and weight, and pies . . . Next morning, neigh­ bors helped do the chores . . .10

Thus religion in the small town was and is part and parcel of the everyday living of its people and has become closely woven into their social life. In fact, much of the social life was built around the church. One of the important social events for young and old in the lives of rich and poor alike was the high school commence­ ment. This event was solemnized in the church, usually the largest one. Homer Croy gives us a vivid picture of the event:

It was a big evening at the First Christian Church in Junction City . . . There was an air of suspense, a flutter of excitement . . . The section of the seats which curved around the platform had been set aside with blue ribbons ... A ribbon would be lifted and the privileged couple would move inside, for it was graduation night of the Junction City High School, and the seats thus reserved were for the parents of the graduates.11

While the organist played, twenty-two students marched out of the Sunday school room and seated themselves on the platform in orderly rows. The valedictorian delivered an oration, the glee club or sextet sang two selections, the president of the board of education presented the diplomas, awards were given, and the evening was over. Another social event held in either the church or school was the pie supper or box social where the girls' pie or box of culinary dainties went to the highest bidder among the boys with the added privilege of eating with the owner. This auction was preceded by a home-talent program. The auctioneer built up the sale of the pies

9Wright, The Calling of Dan Matthews, p. 344. 10Elizabeth Seifert, Homecoming (New York, Dodd, Mead, and Company, 1950), pp. 45-46. nCroy, West of the Water Tower, pp. 1-2. 332 Missouri Historical Review and boxes by his jokes and running chatter. He egged on the bid­ ding by disclosing occasionally the owners' names, thus increasing the rivalry among the bidders. Naturally some of the bidders "ran the bid up" on the lovesick swain who was determined to buy his sweetheart's offering. The ice cream social, the church supper, and the church sales were not only social affairs but were also methods of raising money for the church. The women of the church were the workers at these affairs where time, money, and talk flew swiftly and freely. In Homecoming the general remembers a church sale:

Piled upon trestle tables were pies and cakes, aprons and quilts, cast-off garments. A brisk business was being done among the latter; thrifty mothers held suits of long underwear up against wriggling, scarlet-cheeked little boys, endeavoring to estimate how much Jeff or Johnny would grow during the summer.12

In the school a meeting of the PTA was held for the primary purpose of assisting in the education of the young and for the secondary purpose of discussing brilliant Susy or problem Johnny. Certainly no small town would have been complete without its plays put on by the juniors and seniors of the high school and at­ tended by the doting parents and relatives. Fraternal and civic organizations played an important part in the existence of the small town in Missouri fiction. The description of almost every one of the small towns under consideration in this study includes the mention of the hall used as the meeting place for the Odd Fellows, the Masons, the Eastern Stars, or the DAR's. The chambers of commerce, composed of the leading men of the community, worked zealously to make their town more attractive, build up its business, and sponsor such attractions and activities as the town band, appreciation days, centennials, beauty contests, old soldiers' days, touring days, and chautauquas. They used any pretext to draw a crowd or attract attention to their home town. The chamber of commerce, assisted by the town newspaper, the American Legion, and individuals appointed from various organizations, planned and carried out the gala homecoming for General Tunce Haywood of Puccoon. The general made a speech, the mayor presented him with the keys to the city, and the new airport at the edge of the town was named after the general.13

12Seifert, Homecoming, p. 94. 13Ibid., passim. The Small Town in Twentieth Century Missouri Fiction 333

Courtesy W. R. Denslow Homecoming—Main Street, U.S.A.

The women's clubs of these towns were many and varied, rang­ ing from chit and chatter clubs for the older women to secret sororities for the young girls. Whatever their initial purpose, whether rural or small town, Homer Croy in R.F.D. No. 3 sums them up in these words:

The social club was made up of the "best" women in the neighborhood. They met at one another's houses, had coffee or lemonade, . . . sewed, knitted, and talked. It was the hotbed of gossip; they indulged in in­ nuendoes, half-uttered sentences, suggestions. Here individuals were weighed in the balance, passed upon, became that worst of all unfortu­ nates in a small community, "talked about." The Social Club ruled the neighborhood with a stern and remorseless hand. Its power was amazing.14 Many small towns boasted a country club with its roster including the names of only the leading citizens—not necessarily people with money, since to the small town, as in Darcey, "Social position . . . isn't based on money."15 It is based, according to Elizabeth Seifert, on gentility, being conventional, having over­ stuffed furniture in your living room, being asked to social functions, or on one's position as a banker, teacher, preacher, or businessman.16

14Homer, Croy, R.F.D. No. 3 (New York, Harper and Brothers, 1924), pp. 293-4. 15Seifert, Young Doctor Galahad, p. 243. 16Ibid., pp. 245-46. 334 Missouri Historical Review

Volunteer Fire Department on Review

However, not all of the activities of the small towns described sprung from organized groups. In fact, the people used any excuse to congregate:

A fire in Curryville was a great social event . . . You would just as soon think of missing the free parade on circus day . . . Rich and poor fought the flames together, working side by side: Judge Woodbridge, who wore the only genuine Panama in town, passing the bucket along to Rick Cody, who made away with all the horses after they were too old and crippled to work.17

Further descriptions picture the scene: the volunteer fire depart­ ment with its fire wagon and hose clanging down the street; the yard full of people crying, "Save the furniture"; Judge Woodbridge in a striped undershirt with suspenders over it, shoe laces flying, telling everyone to calm down; Mr. Kiggins rushing to rescue a glass case containing two waxed humming birds, then throwing it down to break in a hundred pieces; another carefully carrying out a tea ket­ tle of hot water and tenderly depositing it in a safe place.18 Far overshadowing all of these organized and spontaneous social affairs of the everyday life of the small town was the one grand and glorious gala affair of the year, the fair or circus. The circus in Curryville with its grand, glittering, and gorgeous free street parade, its gilded band wagons, clowns with their cart and donkey, cages of animals, elephants, beautiful horses, spangle- bedecked girls, and top-hatted men was something to be anticipated and not soon to be forgotten.

17Homer Croy, When to Lock the Stable (Indianapolis, The Bobbs-Merrill Com­ pany, 1914), p. 29. 18Ibid., pp. 29-33. The Small Town in Twentieth Century Missouri Fiction 335

The carnival part of the street or county fair is pictured vividly in The Calling of Dan Matthews by Harold Bell Wright, in Fran by John Breckenridge Ellis, in R.F.D. No. 3 by Homer Croy, and in How Dear to My Heart, an autobiography by Mary Margaret McBride. In fact, these descriptions are all so similar that one discerns personal experiences in all of them. Homer Croy describes the cluster of wooden buildings and tents erected for the occasion:

The first sounds of the fair grounds arose—the whistle of the peanut wagon, . . . the bleating of the sheep, the braying of jacks. As they came closer they saw the side shows, the Streets of Cairo, a trip through the Orient, a man screeching away on a whistle; a bagpipe was playing, a girl was contorting herself into weird shapes. There were snake-charmers, fortune tellers, a man selling German marks, a side show exhibiting a South American python . . .; another proclaimed a Lady with a Horse's Mane, a Trip to the Moon, a Bearded Lady, a man who could throw his neck out of place—the fascinating congress spread out before them.19

Mary Margaret McBride describes realistically:

. . . the merry-go-round with its galloping horses . . . the sody-pop, ice-cold, from the bottle, the cotton candy, pink and white, taffy in greased

19Croy, R.F.D. No. 3, p. 21.

The "Fascinating Congress" of the Midway 336 Missouri Historical Review

paper, cracker jack and ice-cream cones . . . , the "fair people" ... to me those men were gods.20 She spent her first nickel for a ride on the merry-go-round, then others on sody-pop, balloons, a whip, and a realistic snake of paper "You could blow out at perfect strangers without being considered rude, because anything went at fair time." The young hoodlums from out of town were chased by the town marshal. They liked to hang around the "hoochy-coochy" dancers' tent and the booth where you threw balls and tried to hit a little, grinning, curly- headed Negro boy who ducked when he saw a ball coming but always had great lumps on his head for weeks after the fair.21 Both Croy and McBride describe the exhibits of livestock, poultry, grains, handwork, and foods. To Croy, the men's "hearts and hopes were in their cattle." To Mary McBride's father, "the fair meant two things—horses and people."22 The foods were dis­ played along the sides and down the middle of a large hall: Emerald, ruby, topaz, and amethyst jellies that had been strained through flour sacks and jellied in clear glass. Loaves of bread with delicate brown crusts, risen until they threatened to leave their pan from lightness. Rolls that were poems of fine-grained perfection, cakes—but the cakes deserve a whole paragraph to themselves ... It wasn't quite nice to admit you wanted to win. You had to pretend a sort of polite indifference even after the blue ribbon was pinned securely on your offering for all the world to see and marvel at. But the winner was her own best audience. I used to think that anybody who showed anything at the fair really went there to look at his or her exhibit.23 A fair would not have been complete without an eating tent run by the women of some particular organization to raise money. In Junction City's fair the sign outside the tent read "The Eastern Star Invites You to Dinner." The price was seventy-five cents. A woman with a lodge cap on stood in the door ringing a bell. The tables were boards on trestles; women waited on the tables, chatting and welcoming. They were "wholesome small-town women, with families and children, giving up time and doing this extra work to earn a few dollars for their lodge."24 This, in general, is a bird's eye view of the religious and social life in a small town as described in fiction by Missouri writers.

20Mary Margaret McBride, How Dear to My Heart (New York, The Macmillan Company, 1940), p. 175. 2lIbid., p. 176. 22Croy, R.F.D. No. 3, p. 213; McBride, How Dear to My Heart, p. 179. 23McBride, How D&ar to My Heart, pp. 177-78. 24Croy, R.F.D. No. 3, p. 222. The Small Town in Twentieth Century Missouri Fiction 337

Perhaps Elizabeth Seifert had this panorama of events in mind when she said:

People who write about small towns stress the fact that so few things happen, and condemn or praise the situation according to their opinions of it. As a matter of truth, things happen as normally in a small town as they do elsewhere.25

PHILOSOPHY The picture of the small town and its people would not be complete without a look into the philosophy of these people and a glimpse of their reaction to their own life in the small towns. Each author I have considered has, throughout his book, philosophized about the small town either by personal comment or through the medium of his characters. All have agreed that, al­ though the twentieth century has witnessed the innovation of the modern conveniences of the city and although individual towns may have special problems pertaining to their location or prevalent industry, the small town has its own way of life and its peculiar philosophy. Harold Bell Wright says of Corinth in The Calling of Dan Matthews:

There is nothing peculiar about Corinth. The story might have happened just as well in any other place, for the only distinguishing features about this town is its utter lack of any distinguishing feature whatever. In all the essential elements of its life, so far as this story goes, Corinth is exactly like every other village ... in the land.26

Darcey brought memories to Tony in Young Doctor Galahad of a little pasteboard village he had possessed as a child. "Darcey was like that village. Uniform, typical."27 Parris in Kings Row said, "Kings Row is not unique . . . A slice of Kings Row will match a slice of any other town in the country, to a T . . ."28 Not only was there similarity of plan and structure in the small towns described in these novels, but there was also similarity in the people. These small towns frowned upon nonconformity of its residents. Anyone who disturbed or disrupted the even tenor of the town's days created uneasiness and opposition, be this disturbance for good or for bad. Sometimes the reaction

25Seifert, Take Three Doctors, p. 56. 26Wright, The Calling of Dan Matthews, p. 13. 27Seifert, Young Doctor Galahad, p. 3. 28Henry and Katherine Bellamann, Parris Mitchell of Kings Row (New York, Simon and Schuster. 1948), p. 142. 338 Missouri Historical Review was mere indifference. General Haywood of Puccoon realized this and made a discerning comment when someone remarked:

"A lot of us don't become four-star generals . . . That's a lot to ask of a small town." "It is," agrees the General. "But the town's to blame. Personally, I owe everything I am to the fact that I once lived in a small town ... I owe much ... to the small town. . . . Maybe the quality you call bigness was within me. Maybe not. But I know the small town. I know it enough to be sure a town of this size would not value—would not mark— any bigness there might be in me, if I had stayed here ... A soldier could not function here. But there are people here—big people—people within whom bigness lies, and is expressed.29

Three instances were cited by the general: a woman musician and composer who had made her mark in the world and in a highly competitive market but was ignored or taken for granted in her home town because she never left it was one example; another com­ poser, a man, left town, published two mediocre songs, and was acclaimed by the town because he had left it; the third, a doctor, worked during the war far beyond the age of retirement so that young men might go to the battlefield and was extremely well known in medical circles for developing a useful technique in the treatment of paralytic strokes. The general had heard of the doctor's work not in his own home town but in the city. He stated:

The important thing is, that this doctor would be famous, even here in Compton, if he'd leave Compton. The town should thank God that he didn't leave, and honor him accordingly.30

The general remembered his reaction as a boy to the weekly visits in town: "There were people in town, and therein lay a glory of talk and laughter . . ."31 Therein lay also the basis for the greatest of all criticisms of the small town, a criticism emphasized in some way by each of the authors of the books used in this study. This was the cruelty of small town gossip. The people in these novels loved to talk, and because their towns were small, each person knew every other person, his family, his finances, and seem­ ingly his most secret thoughts. They naturally talked about the things they knew. Gossip was not always unkind, but since one was practically living in a goldfish bowl,32 any deviation from the

29Seifert, Homecoming, pp. 5-15. 30Ibid., pp. 15-16. zlIbid., p. 87. 32Seifert, Young Doctor Galahad, p. 188. The Small Town in Twentieth Century Missouri Fiction 339 small town pattern of living called forth comment. In some cases this comment was exaggerated until it became a dangerous weapon destructive of peace of mind, reputation, and even life itself, as was the case with Reverend Keane in Homecoming. A seemingly unfounded scandal was started about the minister and his secretary, causing him to lose his pastorate and finally to take his life. Too late, the instigators of the gossip repented of their careless remarks. His daughter, Jenny Keane, remarked: "It's the story told—not the truth of the matter—which does the harm. It was gossip that killed our father."33 The suicide of Almantha, the hired girl who was forced to marry her employer in order to care for his two little girls, was precipitated by the gossipy meddling of thoughtless and narrow-minded leaders of the social elect in the village of Old Home Town.u Rather sarcastically the characters in Young Doctor Galahad criticize Darcey:

"... Nobody could be born and brought up in Darcey without being a little mean . . . It's not a nice town."35 "Oh, it's a dull town; the same people gossiping with each other all the time."36 "It's a small town, just swarming in gossip."37

"... See the town, but don't open your eyes too wide all at once . . symptom of the general pathology of the town [are] snobbery and ignor­ ance pyramided on dreariness, misery, and despair . . . The trouble with Darcey is that it hasn't made up its mind whether to live or die."38

Elizabeth Seifert's story of small town life shows the cruelty of the "caste system" in the divisions of people according to their place of abode. Miles Jackson of Kings Row says:

"... the very thing that men looked for in this country is disappearing. ... In this section of the country there are scarcely social classes. There are upper levels and lower levels, but the degrees between them are not clearly step-wise. The social top and bottom are connected by gradients of imperceptible angle."39

33Seifert, Homecoming, p. 272. 34Rose Wilder Lane, Old Home Town (New York, Longmans, Green and Com­ pany, 1935), passim. 35Seifert, Young Doctor Galahad, p. 28. ™Ibid., p. 39. 37Ibid., p. 11. 3SIbid., pp. 18-19, 54, 74. 39Bellamann, Parris Mitchell of Kings Row, p. 104. 340 Missouri Historical Review

Balancing the cruelty and unfairness of gossip and class dis­ tinction in the small town were sympathetic kindliness and neigh- borliness. Many examples of this helpfulness have already been cited in this study. Those who have lived in small towns all of their lives see not separated pictures of its cruelty or sympathy, dishonesty or purity, beauty or sordidness, but a composite picture of all phases of life; they can agree that:

"We all grew up in the same small town, and it taught us many lessons It taught Tunce honor and loyalty. It taught us, Maisie, to know the power of gossip, to respect its force."40

Rose Wilder Lane summarizes the daily tasks of small town life: Housework, gardening, making scrapbags, quilting, sewing, canning, cleaning, and baking. There was also a weekly routine: Monday, washing; Tuesday, ironing; Wednesday, mending; Thurs­ day, sewing; Friday, cleaning; and Saturday, baking. Only grave sickness or sudden calamity could interfere with this routine. Sun­ day was a day of rest, church, heavy dinners, funny papers, and long walks:

It was a hard, narrow, relentless life. . . . And we did not like that way of life. We rebelled against it because we did not like it. . . . That way of life against which my generation rebelled had given us grim courage, fortitude, self-discipline, a sense of individual responsibility, and a capacity for relentless hard work. These qualities had been ingrained in American character from the first. These were the qualities with which the millions of Americans, men and women of thirty years ago or so, set out to get what they wanted and got it, and lavished it on their children; freedom, ease, comforts, luxuries, in a quarter of a century transforming the whole of American life . . . This may be an old-fashioned, middle-class, small­ town point of view. All that can be said for it is that it created America.41

And it also created our part of America, the State of Missouri. Many of the small town people of the early part of the twentieth century are witnessing the results of their labors in the clean and modern little towns along the highways and railroads of Missouri. Many fine men and women are sharing their fineness with others because of the influence of their small town environment. Our cities are filled with products of the small towns and the rural communities they serve. The authors of the books used in com­ piling this article are people who, for the most part, recorded their

40Seifert, Homecoming, p. 272. 41Lane, Old Home Town, pp. 23-4. The Small Town in Twentieth Century Missouri Fiction 341 personal experiences in small towns of Missouri. While the outward appearance of these towns has changed somewhat in the last few years, the philosophy and ideals, and the people themselves have remained practically unchanged. Most of the people in these small towns continue to go on in the even tenor of their way, accepting philosophically their way of life, happy and contented in an en­ vironment which to the outsider might seem definitely circumscribed, but which to the resident of the small town gives a great measure of satisfaction.

This is the second of two articles on "The Small Town in Twentieth Century Missouri Fiction.'' 342 Missouri Historical Review

MISSOURI'S NEW PROGRAM FOR HIGHWAY HISTORIC MARKING

DIRECTED BY FLOYD C SHOEMAKER* INSCRIPTIONS COMPILED BY RUBY M. ROBINS**

PART III

Under Missouri's new highway historical marker program, organized in 1951, the State Historical Society of Missouri is respon­ sible for selecting sites to be marked, buying the marker, and pre­ paring the inscription; while the State Highway Commission selects and prepares a location for the marker, installs it, and maintains both the marker and the location. In keeping with the demands of highway travel and safety, Missouri has adopted an area or accumulative marker located in a roadside park or highway turnout. The highly durable and attrac­ tive markers are of cast aluminum alloy with a baked national blue enamel finish. They measure 54 by 72 inches and are surmounted by the State seal in colors. The inscription in 1J^ inch gold leaf lettering is carried on both sides of the marker. Marker inscriptions are written in a telegraphic style to suit the space limitations on the marker. Completed inscriptions were sent to local historians for suggestions and comment and much valuable help was given Missouri's program by these interested persons. Markers completed during the 1951-1953 biennium are: Alten­ burg, Arrow Rock, Boonville-Franklin, Daniel Boone and Gottfried Duden, Cape Girardeau, Columbia, Fort Davidson, Fort Orleans, Fort Osage, Gallatin, Independence, Jefferson City, Joplin, Kansas City, Kirksville, Lexington, Liberty, Louisiana, Mark Twain (Birthplace, Florida, Mo.), Neosho, New Madrid, Rolla, St. Charles, St. Joseph, St. Louis, Ste. Genevieve, Springfield, and Trenton. The inscriptions on the first 19 of the markers were published in the

*FLOYD c. SHOEMAKER since 1915 has been secretary and librarian of the State Historical Society and editor of the Missouri Historical Review. **RUBY M. ROBINS, a native of Maryland, received the degrees of B.A. and M.A. from the University of Maryland; taught for six years at Montgomery Blair Senior High School, Silver Spring, Maryland; and is now a research associate at the State Historical Society of Missouri. Missouri's New Program for Highway Historic Marking 343

January and April Reviews. This installment includes the remainder of the marker inscriptions. Carried at the bottom of each side of the marker, but not reproduced here, is the information, "Erected by State Historical Society of Missouri and State Highway Com­ mission, 1953." A line is here used to separate the two sides of the marker inscription.

NEOSHO Neosho is named from the Osage Indian word Ni-u-zhu (Main River). Settled about 1833 near 3 large springs, Neosho became the seat of Newton County, 1839. Upon the Ozark tableland prairies of the area, an "Eden of Fertility," settlers from many states and countries made their homes. In this well-favored county, rich also in minerals, is Granby (8 miles east), southwest Missouri's oldest lead and zinc mining town. Discovery of lead in early 1850's brought thousands of miners and speculators here in a "Granby Stampede." Granby lead was used for Confederate bullets before the furnaces were wrecked in 1862. Newtonia, 12 miles to the east on Oliver's Prairie, is the county's first settled area, 1829. This town was devastated by Civil War engagements of 1862 and 1864. Nearby is the Hugh Shannon Homestead, 1829, a restoration of one of first pioneer homes in southwest Missouri. Near Diamond, 12 miles north on Diamond Grove Prairie, is the birthplace of Negro scientist George Washing­ ton Carver (ca. 1861-1943). The site is a national monument.

Neosho became the Confederate capital of Missouri when de­ posed Gov. Claiborne F. Jackson and the "rebel legislature" met here Oct. 1861. Although an act ratifying the Constitution of the Confederate States and an Ordi­ nance of Secession were passed, the State Convention, which had deposed Gov. C. F. Jackson, kept Missouri in the Union. Approach of the Federals brought removal of the legisla­ Home of Missouri's "Rebel Legis­ ture to nearby Cassville, Barry lature" at Neosho 344 Missouri Historical Review

Co., and adjournment, Nov. 1861. Later Marshall, Texas, served as Confederate capital of Missouri. Throughout the war, skirmishes, raids, and guerrilla warfare swept the area inflicting a reign of terror upon the people. Union troops were driven from Neosho by General Joseph O. Shelby's Confederates, 1863. Near Neosho, an area where fruit crops predominate, lived the Swiss Herman Jaeger (1844-1896), who developed a grape resistant to "grape louse" from the wild Ozark vines. Neosho is the birth­ place of artist Thomas Hart Benton. In town are a county museum collection and a Federal fish hatchery. Nearby is Camp Crowder, and 15 miles west is Seneca, center of a tripoli mining area.

The Neosho marker stands in Hawthorne Roadside Park, south of Neosho. State Highway 71.

NEW MADRID First American town in Missouri. Founded in 1789 by George Morgan, Princeton graduate and Indian trader, on the site of Francois and Joseph Le Sieur's trading settlement, L'Anse a la Graise (Fr. Cove of Fat). Flood and caving banks have destroyed the first town site. Named for Madrid, Spain, the town was to be an American colony. Morgan was promised 15 million acres by the Spanish ambassador, eager to check U. S. expansion with large land grants. Spain did not confirm his grant but gave land to colonists. Mor­ gan left but he had started Amer­ ican immigration to Missouri. French and American set­ tlers contributed to town growth. Here were founded a Catholic church, 1789; a Methodist church, 1810; and here was the southern extent of El Camino Real or King's Highway, 1789.

Courtesy Washington Co. Hist. Soc, Pa. There are over 160 Indian mounds in the county, two near George Morgan, Founder of the First American Town in Missouri town, Missouri's New Program for Highway Historic Marking 345

"Boot Heel" counties, including a strip of New Madrid, are said to be part of Missouri through efforts of J. H. Walker (1794- 1860), planter at Little Prairie (Caruthersville), Pemiscot Co. In nearby Mississippi Co. is Big Oak Tree State Park, a notable hardwood forest.

The New Madrid earthquake, made up of a series of monstrous and lesser shocks, which began Dec. 16, 1811, and continued over a year, centered here. One of the great earthquakes of the world because of severity and length, it caused little loss of life in a thinly settled region. Some of the shocks were felt as far as 1100 miles. Reelfoot Lake across the river is a result of the disaster. New Madrid land certificates, good for public land elsewhere, were pro­ vided sufferers by 1815 Congressional relief act but benefited mostly speculators. In 1862 Union forces captured New Madrid and by means of a "canal" sawed through a submerged forest to a bayou, gained control of Island No. 10 and command of the river. Nearby in Mississippi Co. is Belmont battlefield, scene of an 1861 engagement in which both Federal forces under Grant and Confederates under Pillow claimed victory. New Madrid, seat of government of one of 5 Spanish districts, later one of Missouri's first 5 counties, serves a farming community. Cotton and soybean crops predominate. Rich land has been re­ claimed by the Little River and St. Johns Levee drainage systems.

The New Madrid marker stands in a highway turnout one mile south of New Madrid. U. S. Highway 61.

ROLLA This Ozark plateau town, 1120 feet above sea level, was a "Child of the Railroad." On a natural passageway to southwest Missouri, midway between St. Louis and Springfield, this site was chosen by the Southwestern Branch of the Pacific Railway for an office and warehouses, 1855. Rolla became the county seat of Phelps County when E. W. Bishop, one-time associated with the railroad, donated 50 acres of land for this purpose, 1858. Court was held in the railroad office for a time. The county name honors John S. Phelps, later Missouri 346 Missouri Historical Review

Federal Military Encampment at Roll a

Governor. The town name is probably a phonetic adaptation of Raleigh, N. C, but conjecture also credits other theories. Early settlers found a source of saltpeter for gunpowder in nearby caves. During the Civil War Rolla, strategically located at the termi­ nus of a railway, was a great Federal military encampment. After Lyon's defeat and death at Wilson's Creek, 1861, his troops retreated here. Curtis with 12,000 men left here for the decisive Union victory at Pea Ridge, Ark., 1862. The sites of Forts Wyman and Dette, within town limits, recall elaborate Civil War fortifications.

The University of Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy, early school of mines in U. S., was opened in 1871. The school has a notable mineral museum. Also in Rolla are the State Trachoma Hospital, first such institution in U. S., completed, 1939; Missouri Geological Survey offices; and Federal Bureau of Mines and U. S. Geological Survey branch offices. At St. James, 10 miles northeast, are the State Federal Soldiers Home, founded, 1897; and Missouri Boys Town, youth conserva­ tion project, opened, 1949. Near St. James is Rosati (formerly Knobview), an Italian settlement famed for its grape production. Maramec Iron Works, 7 miles southeast of St. James, is site of first major commercial iron furnaces in Missouri, 1826. Near the iron works is lovely Meramec Spring, which has an average flow of 96 million gallons daily. Part of Mark Twain National Forest falls in the area which abounds in caves, streams, springs, highland views, and Indian mounds. Missouri's New Program for Highway Historic Marking 347

In nearby Pulaski Co., 26 miles southwest, is Fort Leonard Wood, U. S. Army training post.

The Rolla marker stands in a turnout, southwest of Rolla. U. S. Highway 66.

SAINT CHARLES First permanent settlement on the Missouri River, known as Les Petites Cotes (Fr. Little Hills) until after dedication of Church of St. Charles Borromeo, 1791. Though 1780 is given as date of founding, French-Canadian Louis Blanchette first settled here in 1769. The area was first settled by the French and later largely by Americans and Germans. Prominent early settlers were Daniel Boone and his family. Some 25 miles southwest is home of Boone's son Nathan. The Boon's Lick and Salt River trails began at St. Charles. During the War of 1812 military activity in Missouri centered at Portage des Sioux, a 1799 French settlement, 14 miles northeast. In Fort Zumwalt State Park 20 miles west, stand the remains of one of many family forts of the area erected against Indian attacks. Here were established the first school of the Sacred Heart in the U. S., 1818, by Mother Duchesne; Baptist and Presbyterian churches, 1818; first Masonic lodge north of Missouri River, 1819; a town academy, chartered, 1820; a newspaper, The Missourian, 1820; and the Methodist St. Charles College, chartered, 1837.

St. Charles was made the temporary State capital, 1821-1826, by act of the First General Assembly, meeting in St. Louis, 1820. Here the Legislature, by affirming in a "Solemn Public Act" that the rights of any U. S. citizen would not be abridged, met the final Congressional requirement for statehood. Debate over the slavery issue that greeted Missouri's petition for statehood resolved itself in the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Slavery was prohibited north of 36°30' except in Missouri. On Aug. 10, 1821, Missouri became the 24th state. Near here is the junction of the Missouri and Mississippi. Mar­ quette and Jolliet rioted this point, 1673, and here the Lewis and 348 Missouri Historical Review

Massie—Mo. Resources Div. Where "Big Muddy11 Meets "Father of the Waters11 at St. Charles

Clark Expedition began its ascent of the Missouri, 1804. Three bridges cross the Missouri and two the Mississippi in St. Charles County. Seat of justice for one of Missouri's first 5 counties, earlier one of 5 Spanish districts, St. Charles serves a farming and industrial area. Here are the old Capitol; Sacred Heart Convent; St. Charles Borromeo Cemetery; and Lindenwood College, chartered, 1853, founded earlier by George and Mary Sibley, one of oldest schools for women in Mississippi Valley.

The St. Charles marker has not been installed at this time.

SAINT JOSEPH Renowned city of the Pony Express, St. Joseph was first settled as a trading post for the American Fur Co. by Joseph Robidoux, 1826. Later he acquired the site and laid out a town named for his patron saint, 1843. St. Joseph became an outfitting point for settlers in northwest Missouri and travelers on the Oregon-California trail. It was also a supply base for army posts and western gold mining camps. Here was the terminus of the first railroad to cross Missouri, the Hannibal and St. Joseph, 1859. The railway postal car, developed by W. A. Davis of St. Joseph, was first used on this line, 1862. Missouri's New Program for Highway Historic Marking 349

Massie—Mo. Resources Div. Pony Express Statue in St. Joseph

April 3, 1860, the Pony Express was put in operation between here and Sacramento, Calif., by the freighting firm of Russell, Majors, and Waddell. Operated as a relay, it met the need for speedy mail service to the West and popularized the central over­ land route. About 1,982 miles were covered regularly in 10 days, and 190 relay stations, 420 horses, and 80 riders were used. The record run was 7 days, 17 hours. The Pony Express was discon­ tinued in October, 1861. The telegraph then reached the coast.

St. Joseph, industrial center of northwest Missouri, lies in the glacial plains region of the Missouri Valley, in a richly fertile area of grain, fruit, and livestock farming. Early impressed with the beauty of the site were geographer Maximilian, Prince of Wied, 1833; missionary priest Father De Smet, 1838; and ornithologist Audubon, 1843. The city is now noted for its food processing plants, grain and livestock markets, transportation facilities, and varied factories. Two bridges cross the Missouri River here. The city lies on land acquired from the Iowa, Sauk, and Fox Indians by the Platte Purchase, 1836. Since 1846 it has been the 350 Missouri Historical Review seat of Buchanan Co., one of 6 formed out of the Purchase, organized 1838, named for James Buchanan, U. S. President, 1857-61. Among points of interest are St. Joseph Museum; Patee House; Pony Express Stables; house where Jesse James was killed; locale of Eugene Field's courtship poem "Lovers Lane, St. Jo"; Beauvais House; Krug Park; and, 20 miles southwest, Lewis and Clark State Park. Here lived Mo. Govs. R. M. Stewart, 1857-61; W. P. Hall, 1864-65; Silas Woodson, 1873-75.

The St. Joseph marker has not been installed at this time.

SAINT LOUIS First city of the Trans-Mississippi West and second permanent settlement in Missouri. Founded, 1764, by the New Orleans Frenchman Laclede as a trading post to tap the rich fur resources of the Missouri Valley. Named for canonized Louis IX, French Crusader-King. Here on March 10, 1804, Upper Louisiana, from which has come 6 states and parts of 7 oth­ ers, was transferred to the U. S. Missouri, part of Louisiana, later Missouri Territory, became a state, 1820. The name of Mis­ souri, meaning "He of the big canoe," was adopted when Or­ leans Territory became the State of Louisiana, 1812. St. Louis served as colonial, territorial, and first state capital. Alexan­ der McNair, first state governor, took office here. Among a multitude of fa­ mous events, here first estab­ lished west of the Mississippi were a newspaper, the Missouri Gazette, 1808, and a university, Ceremony of Territorial Transfer at St. Louis chartered as St. Louis Univer­ sity, 1832. Washington Univer­ sity was chartered, 1853. In 1780 a British and Indian attack on St. Louis was defeated. In Missouri, the Civil War began here at Missouri's New Program for Highway Historic Marking 351

Camp Jackson, 1861. St. Louis became the Federal military base. It is of note that the Dred Scott Case began here.

Through this city of movement, a famous river port, early transportation hub, passed the westward surge of fur traders, ex­ plorers, and settlers. The Lewis and Clark Expedition returned here in triumph, 1806. In 1851 track for the Missouri Pacific, first railroad west of the Mississippi, was laid. One of 7 bridges at St. Louis is the famous Eads Bridge, 1874. In 1804 the city had a total French and American population of under 1000. Rapid growth came through immigration from the states and later Europe, particularly from Germany. In 1950 St. Louis, a raw fur market, grain, industrial, and medical center, was the eighth city in the U. S. St. Louis became an independent political unit, 1877. It had been seat of justice for one of Missouri's first 5 counties, earlier one of 5 Spanish districts. There are several hundred commemorative markers and 'memo­ rials in St. Louis. Among places of note are the Old Cathedral; City Art and Missouri Historical Society museums; Forest Park; Mo. Botanical Garden; Campbell House Museum; Eugene Field Birthplace; Aloe Plaza; Soldiers' Memorial; the Old Courthouse in Jefferson National Expansion Memorial.

The St. Louis marker stands in a turnout southwest of St. Louis. Junction of U. S, Highways 61 and 67.

SAINTE GENEVIEVE Oldest permanent settlement in Missouri founded ca. 1735 b} Illinois French as river depot for lead and salt. Moved 3 miles to present site after 1785 flood. Named for the patroness saint of Paris. A vivid reminder of claims of France and Spain to the Missis­ sippi Valley and of the westward expansion of the United States. Here were established a Catholic church, 1749; first Masonic lodge west of river, 1807; first academy chartered in Missouri, 1808; first U. S. recruiting office west of river, 1812. Here are the Grand Champ of the French agricultural plots, broken by Indian mounds; the Three Notch Road, oldest in Mis­ souri; the relic of El Camino Real or King's Highway, 1789; the State's oldest cemetery, 1787; the impressive Catholic church, 1882; 352 Missouri Historical Review

Photo by Hammond & Iru in O. E. Berninghaus Mural of Ste. Genevieve Settled in 1735 the Price House, ca. 1800, claimed to be first of brick west of Missis­ sippi; the home of Lewis F. Linn, "Model Senator from Missouri," 1833-1843. Ornithologist John James Audubon was in a merchandising partnership here with Ferdinand Rozier, 1811.

Through the years, with the coming of Americans and a large German immigration, Ste. Genevieve has kept much of its early character. Its ancient charm lies mostly in the designs and names of its old homes. Among many fine examples of early architecture are the Louis Bolduc House, one of the oldest in the Valley; Jean Baptiste Valle House, home of last Spanish commandant; Jean Bequet-Ribault House with unusual wall construction; Janis-Ziegler House, once the Green Tree Tavern; St. Gemme Beauvais House, associated with Henri M. Brackenridge; and Guibourd House with fine casement windows. It is of interest that here once lived U. S. Senators Henry Dodge, Wis.; Augustus C. Dodge and George W. Jones, Iowa; Lewis V. Bogy and Lewis F. Linn, Mo.; and Missouri's first con­ gressman, John Scott. Ste. Genevieve, seat of government for one of the 5 Spanish districts, later one of Missouri's first 5 counties, is important as a source of golden marble and an outstanding producer of quality lime. A town museum relates to early settlement.

The Ste. Genevieve marker has not been installed at this time. Missouri's New Program for Highway Historic Marking 353

SPRINGFIELD Queen City of the Ozarks, settled in 1830 by Tennessee pioneers on what had been a Kickapoo, Osage, and Delaware Indian camp­ ing ground. Springfield was first called Campbell and Fulbright Springs after its first settlers. Rivalry over location of the railroad in 1870 led to founding of North Springfield. The two towns were joined in 1887. Through here came Cherokee Indians on their "Trail of Tears" removal to Oklahoma, 1837. In 1858 the first westbound Butter­ field Overland Mail coach stopped at its station here. It is of inter­ est that Springfield was home of Missouri Governor John S. Phelps. Here were established Drury College, 1873, on campus is Shepard Museum; Southwest Mo. State College, 1906; Central Bible Institute, 1922; and Baptist Bible College, 1950. The U. S. Medical Center for Federal Prisoners is here. Near Ash Grove, 21 miles northwest, is the Greene County home of Nathan Boone, noted surveyor, legislator, soldier, and son of Daniel Boone. Nathan came here with his family in mid-1830's. On farm are graves of Nathan and his wife, Olive van Bibber Boone.

Engraving by George E. Perine after F. O. C. Darley Fall of General Lyon at Battle of Wilson's Creek 354 Missouri Historical Review

Springfield was a military prize held by both sides during the Civil War. At Wilson's Creek Battlefield, 3 miles southeast, on Aug. 10, 1861, one of Missouri's bloodiest battles was fought, end­ ing in an important Confederate victory. Union General Nathaniel Lyon was killed leading his outnumbered troops against the com­ bined force of the Confederates and General Sterling Price's Mis­ souri State Guard, both under command of Gen. Ben McCulloch. The Confederates left Springfield at the approach of the Fed­ erals under General S. R. Curtis, Feb. 1862. For the duration of the war Springfield was under Union control. In Jan. 1863, a Confed­ erate attack under General John S. Marmaduke was repulsed with help of a "Quinine Brigade" of convalescent soldiers. "Wild Bill" Hickok served as Union scout here. On a 1300-foot Ozark plateau, Springfield, county seat of Greene Co., is an industrial, rail, and dairy center. One of many historic markers in the area identifies Fort Ancient, the work of early mound builders. Also of interest are Wilson's Creek Battle­ field, now a memorial park; the National Cemetery; and the City Art Museum.

The Springfield marker stands in Sanford Roadside Park, west of Springfield. U. S. Highway 166 and State M.

TRENTON Trenton, settled in 1834, became the seat of Grundy County in 1841, when James S. Lomax gave 80 acres for a townsite. The county is named for Felix Grundy, United States Attorney General, 1838-1839. The town name is from Trenton, N. J. Important in the history of Grundy Co. is Grand River College, founded in nearby Edinburg in 1850 and chartered in 1851. In this pioneer school in coeducation, women and men were offered college work on an equal footing at the outstandingly early date of 1850. A grade school now stands on the old college site. Among distinguished alumni is Gen. Enoch H. Crowder (1859-1932), author of the Selective Service Act of 1917. Nearby Crowder State Park is established in memory of General Crowder, who was born in Edinburg. In Grundy County's fabulous "Heatherly War," 1836, Mis­ souri's top military leaders, a regiment, and two companies turned out to fight the Indians maliciously reported on the warpath by the Missouri's New Program for Highway Historic Marking 355

Courtesy W. R. Denslow Old Grand River College Building at Edinburg

Heatherly family to cover their own misdeeds, The "Army" soon disbanded when no Indians were found.

Trenton serves a rich agricultural area. Grain and livestock farming predominate in this region of productive prairies, stream- fed valleys, and green-wooded hills. In the 1870's, the city became a railroad division. In Trenton's first 100 years, 3 colleges have been opened here. Avalon College, founded by United Brethren at Avalon, Mo., 1869-1873, was moved to Trenton, 1890. In 1900, founders of Ruskin College bought Avalon to establish a branch of an English socialistic movement. This group formed "The Multitude Incor­ porated," to care for cooperative businesses and the school, but the whole venture failed, 1905. The present day Trenton Junior Col­ lege, a pioneer in the public school junior college movement, was established, 1925. Arthur M. Hyde, Governor of Missouri, 1921-1925, and U. S. Secretary of Agriculture, 1929-1933, lived here. J. R. Atkinson, 356 Missouri Historical Review

one of the co-founders of the Braille Institute of America, was born in nearby Gait. Jewett Norris, early resident, gave $50,000 for the library, 1890. Nearby town is the Gen. W. P. Thompson House, the oldest in the county.

These markers listed as unlocated in earlier installments of this series of articles have now been placed: The Fort Orleans marker (see pp. 118-19 of the January issue), is located in Wiese Roadside Park, 1.7 miles northeast of DeWitt. U. S. Highway 24. The Joplin marker (see pp. 25^-56 of the April issue), is located in a turnout west of Joplin. U. S. Highway 71. The Trenton marker has not been installed at this time. This is the last of a series of articles on Missouri's New Program for Highway His­ toric Marking. The first appeared in the January REVIEW and the second in the April issue. The Leonard-Berry Duel of 1824 357

THE LEONARD-BERRY DUEL OF 1824

BY FREDERIC A. CULMER*

The letter set forth below contains the instructions of Abiel Leonard to his fellow attorney, Charles French, covering the dis­ position of his property and affairs pending his duel on September 1, 1824, with Major Taylor Berry. Mrs. Emily Guitar Allen of Chicago, a granddaughter of Leonard, lent me the original letter in 1932 which I used in a biography of Leonard (Missouri Historical Review, XXVII, 113-131, 217-239, 315-335; XXVIII, 17-37, 103- 124.), and a copy lay hidden in a pile of notes until recently. Leonard and Berry then lived in Franklin, Missouri, where Leonard was prosecuting attorney for the first judicial district of Missouri and Berry was postmaster. The duel arose from a trial held at Fayette, the new county seat of Howard County, on June 25-26, 1824, in which Berry was accused of forgery and perjury and Leonard prosecuted for the State. The jury acquitted Berry, and Leonard thereupon dismissed the charge of perjury. After the trial, however, Berry struck Leonard with a whip and Leonard's immedi­ ate challenge to a duel followed and was accepted. The challenge, acceptance, and governance of the duel may be found in William Van Ness Bay, The Bench and Bar of Missouri, St. Louis, 1878. The duel was fought with pistols on an island belonging to Ken­ tucky, not far from New Madrid, Missouri. Berry was mortally wounded on the first exchange of shots. On his return to Missouri Leonard was put on trial for sending a challenge in Missouri. John F. Ryland, special prosecutor in the case, and Leonard, who defended himself, were later to serve to­ gether as judges on the Supreme Court of Missouri. Leonard was fined $150 and rendered "incapable of holding or being elected to any post of profit, trust, or emolument, civil or military, under the government of this State, or of voting at an election within the same." But the men of Missouri, quite largely of Southern origin, believed the little Yankee from Vermont (about five feet tall and one hundred pounds in weight) deserved a much less severe penalty. Senator David Barton wrote, "The case was very generally appreci-

*FREDERIC A. CULMER, lawyer and professor, received his A.B. degree from Central College in Fayette, Missouri, and his M.A. degree from the University of Missouri. He is presently a member of the faculty at Central College. 358 Missouri Historical Review ated by the public ..." As a result of the great interest and excitement, hundreds of men signed a petition to the General Assembly of Missouri, and the legislature, by a special private act, remitted all the penalty except the fine and restored Leonard "to all the rights, privileges, and liberties of a citizen of this State ..." Suspicious of the validity of this legislative pardon, Governor Fred­ erick Bates signed the bill reluctantly and hoped his approval would not form a precedent. Shortly after 1830, Leonard moved to Fayette where his man­ sion, "Oakwood," still stands. He became one of the foremost lawyers of the State, a member of the General Assembly, a great leader (to some he was "the" leader) of the Whig party in Missouri, and an elected judge on the Supreme Court of Missouri. Born at Windsor, Vermont, May 16, 1797, he died March 28, 1863, at his home in Fayette. The St. Louis Missouri Republican of April 4, 1863, commented, "Few such men appear in a single generation." His letter to French is as follows: August 17, 1824 Franklin You will find all my papers in my table drawer. My will is folded up with some other papers and marked on the back. There are some of my suits I must trouble you to attend to. You will see a list of them—also of the loan office suits with such remarks as I thought necessary. You will see among my papers a letter addressed to Mr. Ryland. This you will deliver to him immedi­ ately. It contains a list of suits where you are the counsel on the opposite side, with a request that he and Mr. Hayden will attend to them. You will deliver to them all the papers relative to those suits. They are all folded up by themselves, except the notes which you will select out. This list contains the titles of all the suits on your list—but you will attend, if you please, to the suits on your list and retain the papers relative to them. My papers are so arranged that you will understand my busi­ ness with ease. You will find a list of debts due to me and of the debts which I owe. You will find my notes folded up by themselves, and accounts drawn off where no notes were taken. You will find a bundle of papers labelled to be burned in case of my death. They are family letters and private papers in no way connected with my business. I wish them burned without being examined—you will do so I trust. The Leonard-Berry Duel of 1824 359

My letters you will take from the postoffice. Those from my father, my brothers or sisters you will burn without reading. My father lives in Lewiston, Niagra County, New York—my brother Benjamin lives in Chillicothe—(Ed. Ohio) and Nathaniel, to whom my property is left I don't know where at present—I expect him in this country. If he does not come a letter addressed to him at Mackinac, Michigan Territory to the care of Johnathan N. Bailey will reach him. You will take the charge of my houses in Booneville for my brother and have them or sell them for him as shall be thought best. In case I am wounded but not fatally so as to prevent my return by court will you open the letters addressed to Mr. Ryland—take out the enclosed memorandum of suits. Then turn the letters to Mr. Ryland and Hayden and deliver to Mr. Ryland the list of suits with a request that he and Mr. Hayden will attend to them in my absence. I do not recollect anything further I need say. Your friend (Signed) A. Leonard. Mr. Charles French Franklin P.S. The key to my drawer where my papers are I leave with Mr. Drummond. 360 Missouri Historical Review

THIS.WEEK IN x MISSOURI HISTORY Compiled by the ^^^i^^^^^^M STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI _ at Columbia

The question-answer biographical sketches of famous Mis­ sourians are continued in this issue with articles on a "Free Silver" congressman, a German-born journalist-statesman, and an insti­ gator of German immigration to Missouri. These articles were distributed to newspapers throughout the state in March, April, and May, 1955. They are reprinted here for the benefit of those members who may not have seen them in their local papers. Under my editorship the first two articles were written by Miss Mary E. Ducy, and the last one was written by John A. Borron. The portrait for the first article is from the second volume of Walter B. Steven's Missouri, the Center State, 1821-1915, published in 1915. Its companion picture is from William Vincent Byars, An American Commoner, 1900. Illustrations for the second sketch are from L. U. Reavis, Saint Louis: the Future Great City, 1875, and from the German-American Review of August, 1952, in that order. The third article is illustrated by a reproduction of the title page of a book in the Society's library urging Germans to come to Missouri. The landscape used with the article is from the Society's files, sent to the Society through the courtesy of Judge Walter J. Voelkerding of Dutzow and the Honorable Elroy C. Kehr of Marthasville. References accompany each article for those who may wish to read further. This Week in Missouri History 361

A MISSOURIAN LED THE FIGHT FOR FREE SILVER Released March 3, 1955

In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, this Missouri congressman, known as "Silver Dick," was the leader of the group favoring the bimetallic standard of currency or "Free Silver." Do you know his name?

1. Where was he born? A. He was born in Kentucky in 1835. Self-supporting as a mere boy, he taught a coun­ try school in the winter and worked on a farm in the sum­ mer for $7 a month.

2. How was his early life spent? A. In 1855, he moved to Wayne County, Missouri, and taught school for one term, leaving to join the gold seek­ ers in the West. For ten years he lived in the mining "Silver Dick," Missouri's Congress­ camps of California, Colo­ man for Thirteen Terms rado, and Nevada, prospect­ ing, working as a miner, teaching school, and, after his admission to the bar, serving as treasurer of Carson County, then in Utah Territory. In 1865, he returned to Missouri and practiced law with his brother at Rolla. Four years later he moved to Leb­ anon, Laclede County, his home until his death in 1899.

3. What was his political experience? A. His public life began in 1872 when he was elected to Con­ gress. He was re-elected 12 times; except for one Congress, 1895 to 1897, he served continuously until his death. As leader of the "silver" Democrats, who had captured control of the party, he was a logical Democratic candidate for president in 1896. How­ ever, after leading on the first three ballots at the nominating convention, he withdrew his name when the trend toward William Jennings Bryan was clear. He telegraphed the Mis­ souri delegation: "Put the cause above men." 362 Missouri Historical Review

4. For what is he best known? A. He led the cheap-money advocates and the silver-pro­ ducing interests in their struggle for the free coinage of silver at 16 to 1. In 1873, a revision of the coinage laws dropped the silver dollar, thus establishing the single gold standard. He waged a life-long fight against this "Crime of '73" and the de­ monetization of silver. In 1878, he secured the passage of the Bland-Allison Act re- *£**% monetizing silver and provid­ ing for a limited coinage. In 1893, he led the unsuccessful opposition to the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act and made his famous "Part­ ing of the Ways" speech, part of which is inscribed on his statue at Lebanon as follows: KIDCHOFCMY "I do speak for the great masses of the Mississippi Val­ ley, when I say that we will not submit to the domination MSSOUBl! of any political party, how­ ever much we may love it, that lays the sacrificing hand upon silver and will demone­ tize it."

5. What was his name? His Campaign Ribbon for the A. Richard Parks Bland. Democratic Nomination 1896

[References: W. V. Byars, An American Commoner (Columbia, Missouri, 1900); Howard L. Conard, editor, Encyclopedia of the History of Missouri (New York, 1901), I, 289-290; Dictionary of American History (New York, 1940), I, 198-199, II, 332-333, V, 79; W. R. Hollister and Harry Norman, Five Famous Missourians (Kansas City, This Week in Missouri History 363

Missouri, 1900), pp. 95-172; William Rufus Jackson, Missouri Democracy (Chicago' 1935), I, 228-229; Allen Johnson, editor, Dictionary of American Biography (New York. 1943), II, 254-255; Leo Nyberg, A History of Laclede County, Missouri (Lebanon, Missouri, 1926), pp. 119-120; Floyd C. Shoemaker, Missouri and Missourians (Chi­ cago, 1943), II, 29; Shoemaker, editor, Missouri Day by Day (Jefferson City, 1943), II, 113-114; Walter B. Stevens, Centennial History of Missouri (St. Louis, 1921),II, 127, 191-197, 844-846.]

THIS GERMAN-BORN STATESMAN AND JOURNALIST BECAME A POWER IN MISSOURI POLITICS Released April 7, 1955 This statesman attained the two highest public positions open to Americans of foreign birth—U. S. senator and member of the president's cabinet. A German revolutionary of 1848, he became a Civil War general, a diplomat, and a newspaper editor. Do you know his name?

1. Where was he born? A. He was born in Liblar, a little village on the Rhine, just south of Cologne, Ger­ many, in 1829. A student at the University of Bonn, he withdrew in order to take part in the Revolution of 1848. Expelled from Ger­ many, he fled to Paris and then to London. In 1852 he came to the United States, settling in Philadelphia.

2. How did he enter politics? German-Born Reformer Shaped A. He moved to Wisconsin Missouri Politics and Journalism in 1855, where he studied law and was admitted to the bar. He joined the new Republican party and was an unsuccessful candidate for lieutenant-governor in 1857. Chairman of the Wisconsin delegation to the Republi­ can convention of 1860, he voted for Seward but warmly sup­ ported Lincoln after the latter received the nomination. In return for his forensic efforts during the campaign, Lincoln appointed him minister to Spain. 364 Missouri Historical Review

3. What was his role during the Civil War?

A. Obtaining a commission as brigadier-general, he resigned his mission in Spain in 1861 to enter the Union army. After the war President Johnson asked him to visit the South and report on conditions there. His report was hostile to Johnson's concilia­ tory policy, but his support of the Congressional plan of recon­ struction was temporary.

4. How did he serve Missouri?

A. He began his career in Missouri in 1867 as editor of the St. Louis Westliche Post, a German language daily. He quickly at­ tained a commanding influence among the Germans of St. Louis, whose voting strength made him a leader in the Republican party of the state. In 1869, he was elected United States senator, serving until 1875. In the Senate he introduced a bill to create a permanent civil-service merit system and attacked the cor­ ruption of the Grant regime. He probably did more than any other man to promote the Liberal Republican party and pre­ sided at its presidential nominating convention in 1872. He also helped to organize the people's party movement.

5. What did he accomplish as a cabinet member?

A. In 1877 he entered the cabinet of President Hayes as Secretary of the Interior. Among his services to the na­ tion in this office were an en­ lightened treatment of the Indians, installation of a merit promotion system in his department, preservation of the public domain, and the beginning of national park Courtesy Carl Schurz Memorial Foundation His Music Entertained President development. Hayes1 Family

6. What profession did he follow in later life?

A. On leaving the cabinet in 1881, he moved to New York City and again took up journalism. Until 1883 he was editor of This Week in Missouri History 365

the New York Evening Post. From that date until 1898 he was editor of Harper's Weekly. He opposed Free Silver, the Spanish- American War, and the acquisition of empire in 1898; he inces­ santly advocated civil service reform. He died in New York City on May 14, 1906, and was buried in the Sleepy Hollow Cemetery at Tarry town, New York.

7. What is his name? A. Carl Schurz.

[References: Howard L. Conard, Encyclopedia of the History of Missouri (New York, 1901), V, 529-530; Chester Verne Easum, The Americanization of Carl Schurz (Chicago, [c.1929]); Glenn Frank, "Carl Schurz: 1829-1929," The Wisconsin Maga­ zine of History, XIII, No. 1, Sept. 1929; Claude M. Fuess, Carl Schurz, 1829-1906 (Philadelphia, 1933); Dumas Malone, editor, Dictionary of American Biography (New York, 1943), XVI, 466-470; Joseph Schafer, Carl Schurz, Militant Liberal ([Evans- ville, Wisconsin, c.1930]); Floyd C. Shoemaker, Missouri and Missourians (Chicago, 1943), I, 986-987, II, 38-39; Shoemaker, editor, Missouri Day by Day (Jefferson City, 1942), I, 168-169; Walter Williams and Floyd C. Shoemaker, Missouri, Mother of the West (Chicago, 1930), II, 267-273.]

THIS AUTHOR STARTED GERMAN IMMIGRATION TO MISSOURI

Released May 5, 1955 Missouri was one of the chief beneficiaries of the great German immigration to the United States in the 1830's and 1840's. This was due to a highly educated German author who was probably the first to come here direct from the Fatherland. Who was he?

1. What was his professional background? A. Born in the Rhine Province in 1785 of wealthy parents, his legal education was received at Dusseldorf, Heidelberg, and Goettingen. He was made a justice of the peace of Mulheim in 1811. He fought in the Napoleonic War. For three years he was prosecuting attorney for the state of Mulheim. Shortly before coming to the United States, he studied medicine at the University of Bonn in order to facilitate his work here.

2. Why did he leave Germany? A. Conditions in Germany were bad. The government con­ sisted of independent, despotic states. Political persecution, high taxes, military impressment, and restrictions on free speech, 366 Missouri Historical Review

Courtesy Judge W. J. Voelkerding & Hon. Elroy C. Kehr This Warren County Hill Is Where He Did Much of His Writing

press, and worship prevailed. With this in mind, he left Ger­ many to find a frontier country where his people could escape poverty and political oppression.

3. Why did he settle in Missouri and where? A. Arriving in America in 1824, he purposely traveled west­ ward to frontier Missouri. He chose Missouri because of its sparse population and its cheap land. He built a house and established a farm on Lake Creek, in Montgomery, now Warren, County. Here he also practiced medicine and wrote about life on the Missouri frontier. After three years, he returned to Germany, leaving little personal record, and no portrait of him is known to exist.

4. Why was there such a great response to his writing? A. Two years after his return to Germany he published a "Report" describing conditions in Missouri, which went through three editions. His description was more than favorable, for he saw Missouri as a place of refuge for the oppressed of Europe. It was to these oppressed people that his "Report" had special appeal.

5. How did his "Report" describe Missouri? A. He described the land in Missouri as being fertile and plentiful. In speaking of Missouri, he said, "I never knew that Nature could be so generous as she is here." He mentioned the abundance of game, wild fruits, and nuts. The tables, he This Week in Missouri History 367

said, groan with the weight of food placed upon them. He was deeply impressed by the cheap land—a dollar and a quarter an acre—and the absence of government interference. Although the economic life was based on farming, he urged that this should not prevent the craftsman from emigrating. There was ample raw material and work. The "Report" convinced many of the strife-wearied Germans that Missouri was an ideal asylum.

6. What were the results of the "Report"? 13 t r t c t t A. The "Report" appealed ub v t f, n t W I'­ff to Germans in Europe and in ll art) bin the eastern United States. weft 1 dj e n © oaten SR orPamenf n'J unD fine ii iml.i,A!)ria n Slufinil^fc am gwiffoun' (.n Dm Immigration societies were 3»b en lh'i't, r> , U, unb \WID, in SBcjug «uf ttueronnbr iin.3 unb Urltroolftriunq, formed both here and abroad

to send their people to the £> a 8 Iftbtn "Report's promised land." im Conner liber SSereiiugten ©taoten The Giesseners, a society ' unb brffm '.Otbtutung in bie frftush cfjc unb po 1111fd>r i'cujt tcr (*uiopair, bo rgcfklU formed in Germany, eventu­ n »r,tffn,

h, ,n rincr M.'i.bmn brf ally settled, in part, in Mis­ [ ixtibaiiimfcnifitpn g, 1 «•) in rinrm rarlwbcbr i yi'(irf)fracic fur misroaiibfrnbe bmrfdjf j souri. Another German soci­ ^cfuiviitl.f llllb illjl ugm, w.ld)( a f £mnbcltfuiitcrnfhimm» ety, the Berliners, was at­ .on tracted to Missouri by the G» o t t f i i t b Jj i b t n. "Report." An immigration society in Philadelphia sent observers to several mid- western states to find suitable (Stbrucft »u (Hbcrfil .V.:.?;i::,:r .(

7. Who was the author of the "Report"? A. Gottfried Duden.

[References: W. G. Bek, Gottfried Duden's "Report'" (Columbia, Mo., 1919), 1-12, 133-35; F. C. Shoemaker, Missouri and Missourians (Chicago, 1943), I, 37-40; Grimm, Germany's Contribution to Missouri (Kansas City, Mo., 1931), 1-7; Kargau, "Mis­ souri's German Immigration," Missouri Historical Society Collections (St. Louis, 1906), II, 23-34; J. A. Hawgood, The Tragedy of German-America (New York, 1940), 109-36; Missouri Historical Review, XLIII (Jul., 1949), 334-43; Ibid., XLIV (Oct., 1949) 21-30.] 368 Missouri Historical Review

HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS

A PERSONAL MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARY

In my message in the last issue of the Review I commented on the importance and value of a photographic record of the develop­ ment of and life in Missouri towns. We of the State Historical Society have reason to be particularly interested in the subject, because a unique collection of home town history not available anywhere else is kept for Missourians by the Society in a special collection. The collection on town history ranges from pamphlets and handbills to works of several volumes on St. Louis and Kansas City, and the scope includes such items as official documents, city ordinances, charters, chamber of commerce folders, playbills, pamphlets published by churches, lodges, and schools, tourist folders, convention programs, descriptions of fairs, souvenir picture books, centennial histories, and other formal histories. The collection includes most of the Kansas City directories since 1872 and a file of St. Louis "Mayor Messages" for the sixty-seven years after 1851. Railroad histories include the story of the growth of many Missouri towns, old travel accounts furnish an interesting commentary, and the publications of local historical societies are a valuable source of information. The Society's library of city material had its beginning in the pamphlet collection of Francis A. Sampson of Sedalia, who had spent thirty-four years gathering historical items on Missouri. This collection now includes over 8,000 items, and new acquisitions are being added continually. It is an important function of the Society to augment this unusual collection at every opportunity. Historical brochures published in celebration of centennials are always valuable additions, and we are always delighted to receive such material for preservation and use. The next few years will provide a great opportunity for the compilation of such history, because 1955 is the centennial for the incorporation of Augusta, Chillicothe, Palmyra, Rockport, and Warrensburg, besides towns celebrating the centennials of their founding. Counties organized in 1855 are Barton, Maries, Vernon, and Webster. Bevier, Butler, Cameron, Chamois, Edina, Macon, and Marshfield will be one hundred years old in 1956, and Historical Notes and Comments 369

1957 is the centennial year for De Soto, Harrisonville, Martinsburg, Mountain Grove, Unionville, and Wittenburg. Only Amazonia and Callao were incorporated in 1858, but 1859 saw the incorpor­ ation of Fulton, Jackson, Linneus, Meadville, Miami, Missouri City, Montgomery City, Pleasant Hill, and Waverly. The value of the Society's collection is constantly being in­ creased by the addition of town histories published in connection with such centennials and of bits of town history sent by interested members. I hope that some of you will help us add to the col­ lection by sending any items you think might be of interest.

MEMBERS ACTIVE IN INCREASING THE SOCIETY'S MEMBERSHIP During the period of February 21, 1955, through April, 1955, the following members of the Society have increased its member­ ship as indicated:

ONE LIFE MEMBER Mrs. Alice F. Riordan, Tarkio

THIRTY-FIVE NEW MEMBERS Greene County Historical Society, Springfield

TWENTY-SEVEN NEW MEMBERS W. H. Siegismund, Rockville

TWELVE NEW MEMBERS Thomas R. Hooper, Maryville

ELEVEN NEW MEMBERS Mrs. Lerton V. Dawson, Excelsior Springs Mrs. S. L. Hunter, New Madrid

NINE NEW MEMBERS Harry L. Suttle, Springfield

FOUR NEW MEMBERS C. E. Munn, Tarkio Mrs. Robert S. Withers, Liberty

THREE NEW MEMBERS Elliott Anderson, St. Louis George C. Brammer, La Plata Henry F. Chadeayne, St. Louis James M. Richardson, Warsaw 370 Missouri Historical Review

TWO NEW MEMBERS

Kurt Achelpohl, St. Charles Mrs. H. P. S. Burke, Monett Richard J. Chamier, Moberly Virginia Creigh, Mexico G. H. Greenstreet, Union Mrs. Carrie Hanna, Miami Wyatt E. Hawkins, Olean W. C. Hewitt, Shelbyville Allen McReynolds, Jr., Carthage S. T. Mead, Slater Charles Richards, Wentzville A. C. Weigel, Jefferson City W. O. Woodsmall, Kansas City J. H. Stidham, Fulton

ONE NEW MEMBER

Adams, Galen, Kirkwood Hollie, Mrs. Edward G., Arcadia Arrowsmith, George M., Chevy Chase, Hiding, Polly, Columbia Maryland Huston, W. B., Kirksville Atchison, Margaret, Kansas City Jackson, Floyd M., Neosho Barnhill, F. C, Marshall Johns, S. P., Jr., Seattle, W7ash. Bieber, Ralph P., St. Louis Jones, Mrs. Ray D., Kansas City Blake, Raymond E., Independence Kampschroeder, Norvin, Washington Blanton, Mrs. L. B., Desloge Kanaga, C. W., Kansas City, Kansas Bulger, Harold A., St. Louis Kitchen, Virgil, Poplar Bluff Bushnell, Sam C, St. Charles Kruse, Ed. C, Kansas City Capps, Ernest L., Liberty Leiber, Quentin M., St. Louis Chapman, Sam C, Liberty Lemke, W. J., Fayetteville, Arkansas Clary, Mrs. Eva M., Independence Lucas, Leroy L., Macon Coonce, James H., Sr., Kansas City Lucas, Mrs. Okla, Fayette Creamer, Robert E., Chicago, 111. McCord, Mrs. Mary, Springfield Dew, S. A., Kansas City MacReynolds, Ben, Pierce City Dinwiddie, John H., Columbia Marquis, G. C, Independence Doane, D. Howard, McCredie Maxwell, Arthur L., Lexington Dunlap, Richard L., Kansas City Naughton, Aldace, Jr., La Plata Farr, W. S., St. Louis Okenfuss, Vera, Ste. Genevieve Feeny, John W., Poplar Bluff Pippin, Dru L., Waynesville Gahan, E. J., Perryville Rachlin, Maxwell, Brentwood Goodson, Mrs. G. A., New Cambria Riordan, Alice F., Tarkio Hall, Mrs. James H., Springfield Robins, Mrs. Fred A., Macon Hammer, O. C, Allendale Rowe, Ben H., Sikeston Hanser, H., St. Louis Sampson, C. J., St. Louis Harrison, William H., St. Louis Sarasin, Mrs. W. A., Kansas City Harvey, Keturah E., Kansas City Shea, Mrs. J. H., Lexington Healy, Wallace, Clayton Shepard, Merle, St. Louis Henry, Mrs. James N., N. Kansas City Sherwood, John P., Kansas City Hobbs, Mrs. John W., Jefferson City Smith, Claude O., Carrollton Historical Notes and Comments 371

Stapel, John C, Columbia Thomas, Harry O., New Cambria Steiner, J. B., Warrensburg Todd, Jim, Moberly Sullivan, S. H., Sullivan Torrance, Leola M., Independence Taylor, J. F., Gobler Ward, Harry, Independence

NEW MEMBERS OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY Two hundred and fifty-four applications for membership were received by the Society during the period of February 21, 1955, through April, 1955. The total membership as of May 1, 1955, is 7,550.

Abbott, John S., Springfield Burton, W. R., Gilliam Achelpohl, Paul, St. Charles Campbell, William J., Carrollton Adams, Robert H., Agency Carter, Mrs. Eunice, St. Louis Allis, Charles C, Independence Certain, Mrs. Henry, Caruthersville Anderson, C. W., St. Louis Chapin, R. T., Appleton City Anderson, Mills, Carthage Chapman, Sam C, Liberty Anderson, R. F., Bolivar Cockerill, Charles G., Excelsior Springs Anderson, Ralph, New Madrid Coffey, V. J., Lincoln, Nebraska Anthony, Dallas, Springfield Collier, Champ O., Waynesville Anthony, Mrs. Dallas, Springfield Collins, Mrs. Eunice, Fairfax Archer, Mrs. W. J., Mt. Grove Connelly, Mrs. J. A., Kansas City Argo, Virlea, Huggins Constant, Mrs. Alberta W., Inde­ Backs, Howard, Excelsior Springs pendence Bailey, Mrs. Eutopia, La Plata Coonce, James H., Jr., Columbia Baker, Betty, Mexico Cosgrove, John H., Kansas City Ball, Mrs. P. R., Haysi, Virginia Cowden, Mrs. Emily, Clearmont Barnwell, Ralph E., New Madrid Creamer, T. F., Jr., Dallas, Texas Bartz, Leonard E., Rockville Cunningham, H. H., Schell City Beson, Mrs. Efne A., Mt. Grove Dakan, Mr. & Mrs. E. L., Skidmore Bibb, Mrs. Gene, Warsaw Dankers, Lloyd A., Oregon Bilby, Ed R., Jr., Elmo Davis, A. L., Springfield Bird, V. E., Maryville Dennis, Mrs. Mina E., Waverly Blakemore, Frank P., Columbia Denton, Harry, Springfield Bock, R. A., Linn Denton, Mrs. Harry, Springfield Boehning, Mark, Diamond De Shong, Louis C, Kansas City Bollinger, W. T., Sr., Van Buren Diekroegen, Harvey, Wentzville Boren, Henry, Springfield Dinwiddie, Charles M., Columbia Botts, Mrs. Elmer, Custer, Montana Dobson, Mrs. W. A., Kansas City Botts, W. S., Jr., Springfield Dollar, Roy, St. Louis Boulicault, Marcel, St. Louis Drake, Bob, Warsaw Bowman, Floyd, Appleton City Drury, Mrs. Marion N., Chesterton, Brown, Rolla, Appleton City Indiana Brown, Mrs. W. N., Edwards Duggins, Ralph, Jefferson City Bullock, Mrs. A. R., Bakersfield, Cali­ Dunn, Mrs. Vera T., Springfield fornia Eckert, Charles, St. Louis Burke, H. A., Bakersfield, California Ellett, W. H., Appleton City Burtnett, Reid A., St. Louis Engledow, Ray, Bolivar 372 Missouri Historical Review

Erhart, Mrs. Del, Appleton City Johns, Robert J., Sr., Sedalia Ernst, CD., Overland Johnson, Neoma, Holt Evans, Mrs. Guy, Springfield Jones, Mrs. Thelma, Washington Eye, Paul, Appleton City Justis, Mabel Hope, Springfield Femmer, Bert, New Madrid Karraker, Louis R., St. Louis Fenimore, H. H., Appleton City Kay, Mrs. A. R., Springfield Finkel, Mrs. B. F., Springfield Keeling, Mrs. H. M., Houston, Texas Fischer, August, Kansas City Kiefer, Vernon, Liberty Garrison, Vest, Rockville King, Mrs. Edwin C, Springfield Geisler, Mrs. Carl, Ste. Genevieve Kinnaman, Edna Virginia, Independ­ Gentry, Susannah C, Independence ence Gettys, Ruth, Independence Kitchen, David S., Poplar Bluff Giesecke, John W., St. Louis Knieff, Mrs. Willis, Mt. Vernon, Texas Gilleland, Mrs. Howard, New Cambria Kochtitzky, Mary, Maiden Glynn, Robert, Springfield Lamb, Burnell, Mexico Glynn, Mrs. Robert, Springfield Lannon, J. M., Sullivan Gorman, Edmund F., St. Louis Larrabee, M. E., St. Louis Guitar, Mary Ann, New York, N. Y. Lawrence, David, Springfield Haden, Roy M., Springfield Leiber, Quentin M., Jr., South Gate, Hall, Ben, Mound City California Hall, J. W., Watson Lewellyn, Warren, Appleton City Hall, Winston, New Madrid Lindberg, Mrs. Virgil, La Plata Hamlin, Cressie, Springfield Lockwood, Mrs. Winnie W., Springfield Hamlin, Pearl, Springfield Liebert, W. E., St. Anthony, Idaho Hampton, Gordon, New Madrid McClurg, J. L., Moberly Harris, Elvard, Newtonia McCown, Lloyd, Appleton Cit}7 Hart, Mrs. J. Howard, Kansas City McCracken, S. R., Excelsior Springs Hasler, John D., St. Louis McKee, Mrs. Earl, Macon Hawkins, E. R., Wellsville, N. Y. McLain, A. D., Appleton City Hearting, E. H., Rockville McLorn, Mrs. Olive G., La Plata Hearting, Henry, Rockville McNabb, J. E., Appleton City Heath, Mrs. Vera, Slater McTavish, John E., Kansas City Hicklin, Charles R., Springfield Maddox, Ann, Macon Higgins, Leo A., Appleton City Manring, H. H., McFall Hiles, Paul I., La Plata Marquardt Mrs. Josephine Routte, Hindman, W. L., Fairfax Springfield Hoener, Alan J., Kirkwood Martin, Mrs. T. D., Springfield Hoover, Lee, Springfield Mather, Orval H., Tarkio Howard, Mel, Kansas City Maurer, J. H., Excelsior Springs Huelster, Charles G., Perryville Melton, C. C, Kansas City Huff, Fred W., Kansas City Millenbruck, Mrs. E. W., Carthage Humphrey, W. B., Clearmont Miller, Frank E., Florissant Ike, Carl B., Springfield Miller, Ronald David, Springfield Ingalls, Kenneth J., Taberville Montague, Cecil, Webster Groves Jess, Mrs. Morris, Springfield Montgomery, S. A., Maryville Jesse, Mrs. Leila Elgen, Excelsior Mooney, Prentiss, Jefferson City Springs Morgan, E. Earle, Rockville Jewell, Mrs. Jean, Springfield Mowry, Joe, Graham Jobson, Mrs. Arthur, Marceline Murray, Arthur R., Pierce City Historical Notes and Comments 313

Myracle, Norman J., Arcadia Shaw, Mrs. W. A., New Cambria Nally, John H., Excelsior Springs Shearer, William, Normandy Meathery, Robert, West Plains Sheppard, Charles, Springfield Noyneart, Joseph F., Fayette Sheppard, Mrs. Charles, Springfield Nunn, Mrs. James A., Springfield Siegismund, George, Rockville Oberly, Mr. & Mrs. J. B., Rockville Sims, William J., St. Louis Oetting, Henry H., Kansas City Smith, L. G., Independence O'Neal, Mrs. Robert, Blackwater Smith, Lloyd, St. Louis Operle, Mr. & Mrs. Martin, Ste. Gene­ Smith, Lloyd H., Kansas City vieve Smith, Lorraine, Valley Park Orr, Thomas G., Kansas City Smith, Mrs. Maurice R., Kansas City Owens, C. H., Kansas City Smith, Ross C, Appleton City Parsons, Mrs. Bessie, Crane Spalding, Mrs. James A., Liberty Pearce, Richard L., Fairfax Spilman, H. R., Cleveland, Oklahoma Peebles, B. E., Kirkwood Stephenson, Mrs. E. E., Galesburg, Penman, T. A., Portageville Illinois Peterson, Norma L., Alamosa, Colo­ Stewart, Mrs. Gladys B., Springfield rado Stewart, Van, Excelsior Springs Phillips, W. W\, Columbia Stidham, William F., Shreveport, Lou­ Piepmeier, D. F., Appleton City isiana Pippin, Dan Lft, Creve Coeur, Illinois Stoffer, James Myron, Sr., New Madrid Plachte, Elmer, Kansas City Stone, Mrs. William M., Springfield Plowman, William L., Jefferson City Storer, Mrs. L. S., Brunswick Powell, Jim, Tarkio Swain, Mrs. Adaline, Shelbyville Pulitzer, Mrs. Joseph, Clayton Tarkio Branch Library, Tarkio Ransburgh, Albert, New Madrid Taylor, Hal R., Laramie, Wyoming Rathbone, Mrs. Mary E. C, Springfield Tempel, Mrs. Forrest, Lexington Reddick, N. L., New Madrid Thodus, Ted, Kansas City, Kansas Reorganized School District R-2, Jack­ Townsend, Horrell, Jr., New Madrid son Truman, Mrs. R. E., Springfield Riley, Harry H., New Madrid Waddell, Mrs. Lyle, Mesilla Park, New Riordan, John D., LIFE, Tarkio Mexico Robitshek, Jeanette, St. Louis Walsh, Agnes, Springfield Rockhold, Mrs. N. K., Chillicothe Ward, Mrs. C. I., Cameron Ross, Clayton, Allendale Ward, Ernest, Clinton Ross, Mrs. Margaret, Little Rock, Weakley, I., Slater Arkansas West, Mrs. C. O., New Cambria Ruedi, Oreen, Springfield White, Mrs. Elmer, Green City Ryan, Mary Patricia, University City White, Mrs. Philip R., San Diego, Sapp, Mrs. Valen, Cassville California Saunders, Robert C, Ladue Williams, Claude J., Springfield Schlichtman, Appleton City Williams, Fred C, Jr., Richmond Schramm, Clarence, Wentzville Heights Schuchat, Mrs. Anna, Lemay Williams, John S., Springfield Schurer, Mary Ellen, Springfield Williams, L. O., Shelbyville Sears, Mrs. Herbert I., La Plata Wilson, A. Reed, Kansas City Seward, Mrs. R. L., Rockville Winsel, E. R., Springfield Seyfried, L. R., St. Louis Wright, Mrs. Iris, Corning Shannon, Mrs. Bessie, Independence Yeckel, Mrs. Louis F., St. Louis 374 Missouri Historical Review

SOCIETY'S SECRETARY HONORED BY SENATE RESOLUTION On May 5, 1955, the fortieth anniversary of Floyd C. Shoe­ maker's work as Secretary of the State Historical Society of Mis­ souri, the Missouri State Senate unanimously adopted the following resolution of appreciation and congratulation. The resolution was offered by Senator Leo J. Rozier of Perryville and Senator George A. Spencer of Columbia. SENATE RESOLUTION NO. 98

Whereas, May 5, 1955, marks the anniversary of forty years of out­ standing public service of Floyd Calvin Shoemaker as Secretary of the State Historical Society of Missouri; and Whereas, Mr. Shoemaker is known as the Dean of historical society directors in the United States by reason of longer service as head of a state historical society than any other director of such an organization in the Nation; and Whereas, under Mr. Shoemaker's able direction for four decades, he has brought the State Historical Society of Missouri to first place in mem­ bership of all state historical societies in the United States, has placed it among the ranking institutions of its kind in the country, and has made The Missouri Historical Review first in circulation among state historical magazines in the Nation; and Whereas, in recognition of Mr. Shoemaker's scholarship, his wide knowledge of Missouri and its history, and his outstanding achievement in making the State Historical Society of Missouri one of the best of its kind in the country, he has been given the appropriate and well-deserved title, "Mr. Missouri," and also has received many degrees and other honors, in­ cluding the Phi Beta Kappa Key; the LL.D. degree from the University of Missouri, his Alma Mater, and from Central College; the Wells Key of Sigma Delta Chi, National Journalistic Fraternity; and many similar honors; and Whereas, Mr. Shoemaker, as teacher, author, and historian, has been throughout his career an active force in historical and literary fields, both in Missouri and in the Nation at large, and is the author of numbers of outstanding works on the history of the State and has edited numerous highly important Missouri documentary sources which have been pub­ lished by the Society; and Whereas, during Mr. Shoemaker's early years with the Society he was one of those instrumental in obtaining the State appropriation for the present University library building which houses the collections of the Society and those of the University library; and Whereas, during the four decades in which Mr. Shoemaker has directed and administered the activities and affairs of the State Historical Society, the Society's membership has grown from only 350 in 1915 to some 8,000 in 1955; and the Society's library, a collection of but a few thousand vol Historical Notes and Comments 375

umes in 1915, has now reached a total of 300,000 books, pamphlets, and newspaper volumes, a notable collection of some 200,000 manuscripts, and 5,000,000 newspaper pages reproduced on microfilm; and Whereas, Mr. Shoemaker has contributed more than any other single individual to the collection and preservation of the priceless records of our State, and to making them available to the citizens of Missouri, and since under his leadership the State Historical Society of Missouri not only has built up this incomparable collection of documentary and other material on Missouri and its people, but has also promoted public interest in and scholarly research on the State's history; now, therefore, be it Resolved, That the Senate of the Sixty-eighth General Assembly of the State of Missouri tenders its hearty congratulations to Floyd C. Shoe­ maker on his service to the State of Missouri in preserving its historical records, compiling its history, and in making Missouri history known not only in the State but throughout the Nation; and, be it further Resolved, That the Senate of the Sixty-eighth General Assembly of the State of Missouri does hereby express its sincere appreciation of the valuable work performed by the State Historical Society of Missouri in collecting, preserving, publishing, and making accessible the historical records of this State during the fifty-seven years since the Society's found­ ing and especially during the last forty years under Floyd C. Shoemaker's administration; and, be it further Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate forward a separate copy of this resolution to Mr. Floyd C. Shoemaker, Secretary of the State His­ torical Society of Missouri, Columbia, and to Mr. L. M. White, President of the State Historical Society of Missouri, Mexico, Missouri.

BACK NUMBER OF THE Review WANTED Again we have a shortage of the Review, this time the January, 1955, issue, and it would be appreciated if members who do not keep a file of their Review would be so kind as to return the January number to us after they have finished reading it. Thank you.

SOCIETY ACQUIRES VALUABLE MAP COLLECTION A fine collection of 125 maps belonging to the late Otto Kochtitzky, Sr., has been given to the Society by Mr. Kochtitzky's daughters, Miss Mary Kochtitzky and Mrs. Elise K. Byrd of Maiden. Otto Kochtitzky, born near South Bend, Indiana, in 1855, came to Missouri in 1875 and began the study of the swamp land area. In 1881 he was placed in charge of the survey of the Little River Valley and Arkansas Railroad from New Madrid to Maiden. He became chief of the Little River Drainage District upon its organization in 1908, resigning three years later to be­ come a general contractor in construction of the drainage districts. 376 Missouri Historical Review

The valuable collection includes blueprints, drawings, and maps of the Little River Drainage District, showing the levees, ditches, channels, proposed floodways, and drainage plans in great detail. Although it is concentrated on Southeast Missouri, the collection also includes maps of the whole state and of the Missis­ sippi River from the head of the St. Francis Basin to the Gulf of Mexico. Beginning with the original map used by Otto Kochtitzky to promote organization of the Little River Drainage District, the collection is a graphic history of one of Missouri's most noted projects.

DRAWING OF FIRST STATE CAPITOL IN JEFFERSON CITY At a ceremony attended by the officers of the Cole County Historical Society and invited guests in May, 1955, a drawing of Missouri's first state capitol building in Jefferson City was pre­ sented to the Cole County Historical Society. Mrs. Edwin Kiesel- bach of Jefferson City, president of the society, accepted the draw­ ing on behalf of the society from the artist, Marcel Boulicault, a St. Louis architect. The picture now hangs in the Cole County Historical Museum. Previously there has been no known picture or sketch of the state capitol building constructed in 1825 and destroyed by fire in 1837. Mr. Boulicault used files of the State Historical Society and records in Jefferson City, Columbia, and the Mercantile Li­ brary in St. Louis to reconstruct on paper the two-story, salmon- red brick building located on the site of the present executive mansion. James Dunnicai and Daniel Colgan were paid $18,573 for building the capitol, and the legislature appropriated $966.25 in 1829 for covering the flat part of the roof with lead and inclosing the lot with a fence. An appropriation of $150 allowed the con-

Courtesy Cole Co. Hist. Soc. First Capitol in Jefferson City Drawn by Marcel Boulicoult Historical Notes and Comments 377

struction of a brick privy, and a stable was added at a cost of $216.67. Mr. Boulicault stated that the low expenditure "necessi­ tated the plainest sort of construction and excluded ornament."

RE-ENACTMENT OF BATTLE OF LEXINGTON An unusual feature of the celebration of the seventy-fifth anniversary of Wentworth Military Academy was the re-enactment of the Battle of Lexington on May 12, 1955, co-sponsored by the Academy and the Lexington Chamber of Commerce. The original battlefield, trenches, and gun emplacements were used, and the original old Anderson house served as a hospital. In place of the hemp bales, now unavailable, the cadets used straw bales to re- enact Gen. Price's use of the moving breastwork of hemp bales in the assault on Col. Mulligan's hilltop entrenchment. The actual battle, fought on September 18-20, 1861, involved about 15,000-20,000 men of the Federal troops under Col. J. A. Mulligan and pro-Southern Missouri State Guard under General Sterling

Courtesy Wentworth Military Academy Wentworth Military Academy, on Terrain of Battle of Lexington, Celebrates 75th Anniversary 378 Missouri Historical Review

Original Battle of Lexington with Anderson House at Left, Re-enacted by Wentworth Military Academy May 12, 1955

Price. The famous sword surrendered by Col. Mulligan to Gen. Price, but immediately returned to Mulligan, was used in the surrender ceremony. A parade in the morning and a dance in the evening rounded out the celebration, which was also intended to help promote the development of original trenches, battlefield, and Anderson house into a permanent historical park. Lafayette County owns the field and the house, built in 1853.

Walker—Mo. Resources Div. Capitol Lunette Utilized by Jefferson City Chamber of Commerce Historical Notes and Comments 379

JEFFERSON CITY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE MAKES HISTORY LIVE An example of practical application of history to everyday life was the use by the Jefferson City Chamber of Commerce in 1954 of a reproduction of a State Capitol lunette on the front of its membership cards. A picture of the State Capitol is ordinarily used, but James C. Patrick, then serving as executive manager and secretary of the chamber of commerce, had the idea of using a picture which would celebrate the sesquicentennial of the Lewis and Clark expedition. The lunette of Lewis and Clark landing at the mouth of the Osage River was reproduced on the cards which were mailed to the over four hundred members with the effect here shown.

HIGHLIGHTS OF 1855 Requests for significant events in Missouri of a century ago have resulted in the following compilation of material which may be of interest to members of the Society: January 13, 1855: The most powerful private banking firm in St. Louis, Page, Bacon, & Company, closed its doors. The financial effects were felt from St. Louis to San Francisco, and a panic was barely averted in both cities. February 27, 1855: The Boonville Library, Reading Room, and Thespian Association was incorporated and in 1855-1857 built Thespian Hall, one of the oldest theater buildings west of the Alleghenies still in use. March 1, 1855: Central College at Fayette was incorporated, absorbing Howard High School which was founded in 1844 and had become one of the leading educational institutions in central Missouri. Central College is still the official Metho­ dist educational institutional in the State. March 14, 1855: The Grand Lodge of Missouri, Order of Good Templers, was organized in St. Louis, the first lodge in Missouri having been established in Boonville the year before. This order was said to be the first society of any kind in the United States to admit women on equal terms with men. March 30, 1855: Proslavery Missourians elected the first Terri­ torial Legislature of Kansas. April 14, 1855: The Parkville Industrial Luminary, a free-soil newspaper, was destroyed by the Platte County Self-Defensive 380 Missouri Historical Review

Association, a proslavery organization. The press was thrown into the Missouri River, and the editors were driven from the State. Abolitionists in the North cited the outrage against Missouri although most proslavery Missouri newspapers denounced it. April 18, 1855: The cornerstone of the Temple of B 'nai-El He­ brew congregation was laid in St. Louis, the first Jewish synagogue built west of the Mississippi River. July 14, 1855: The Weekly Missouri Ledger, predecessor of the present Mexico Ledger, was established in Mexico, Missouri. November 1, 1855: The Gasconade Bridge disaster. The ex­ cursion train from St. Louis to Jefferson City, celebrating the opening of the Pacific Railroad, was wrecked when the bridge over the Gasconade River collapsed, killing more than thirty persons and injuring about one hundred in the first and one of the greatest railroad disasters ever to occur in the State. December 7, 1855: The St. Louis Agricultural and Mechanical Association was incorporated and held the first St. Louis fair the next year. One of the oldest and most popular fairs in the Mississippi Valley, it was visited by the Prince of Wales in 1860. December 13, 1855: Christian Brothers' College at St. Louis, then called the Academy of the Christian Brothers, was in­ corporated and has since become a famous Catholic educational institution for young men. 1855: Laws were passed by the Missouri General Assembly organizing four Missouri counties: Vernon County, February 27, was named after the proslavery state senator, Miles Vernon of Laclede County; Maries County, March 2, was named for the Maries River; Webster County, March 3, was named in honor of Daniel Webster; Barton County, De­ cember 12, was named in honor of David Barton, one of the first two United States Senators from Missouri.

ERRATA The obituary in the April issue of the Review erroneously credited the late Omar E. Robinson with having practiced law in St. Louis since 1899. G. Wilse Robinson, brother of the de- Historical Notes and Comments 381 ceased, has informed us that Omar Robinson's practice was in Kansas City. In the listing of new members in the April issue of the Review, the address for Marquess Wallace was given as Nutley, New Mexico. The correct address is Nutley, New Jersey.

ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL HISTORICAL SOCIETIES President Robert S. Green of the Audrain County Historical Society announced at a meeting of the society at the Airport Lounge in Mexico, Missouri, April 22, 1955, that the erection of the Audrain County Historical Museum would begin this summer. Lew Larkin, author of Bingham, Fighting Artist, spoke on "Bing­ ham, a Great Missourian."

The annual banquet and program of the Boonslick Historical Society was held at the Howard Payne dining hall in Fayette March 1, 1955, and the program was centered around the cen­ tennial of the granting of a charter to Central College by the Missouri legislature. The founding of the college was described by Dean Emeritus E. P. Puckett. In an election of officers, J. H. Gunn of Otterville was elected to succeed J. H. Denny of Glasgow as president. Mrs. E. P. Puckett is the new vice-president, and Mrs. Less Lane of Otterville was named secretary-treasurer.

The Cape Girardeau Historical Society was reactivated at a meeting in the Cape Girardeau County Courtroom April 23, 1955. Paul A. Mueller, Jr., of Jackson was chosen president of the group. Miss Laura St. Ann Keller of Cape Girardeau is vice-president, and Mrs. Howard G. Cooke is secretary-treasurer. Quarterly meetings will be held the last Saturday in June, September, Janu­ ary, and March.

Lew Larkin, author of Bingham; Fighting Artist, spoke on "Bingham, a Great Missourian" at the annual spring meeting of the Clay County Historical Society at the Colonial Hotel in Liberty, March 11, 1955. Solos by Miss Helen Early followed the dinner, and President Ernest L. Capp conducted a brief busi­ ness meeting, after which P. Casper Harvey introduced the speaker. The membership chairman, Mrs. Lerton V. Dawson of Excelsior Springs, reported that membership in the organization had passed the five hundred mark. During the last three years Mrs. Dawson 382 Missouri Historical Review has obtained 226 members for the Clay County Historical Society and 208 members for the State Historical Society.

The Cole County Historical Society held a bake sale April 9, 1955, with Mrs. Carl F. Lange acting as chairman. Mrs. John H. Hendren, Jr., was chairman of an auction held in Jefferson City May 20 and 21. In addition to the auction itself, the society sponsored a country store and food stand.

The Concordia Historical Institute met at the Messiah Lutheran Church in St. Louis April 15, 1955. Dr. Alfred M. Rehwinkel of Concordia Seminary, who began his early ministry in British Columbia, spoke on early Lutheranism in Canada.

Gentry County Historical Society, which marked the com­ pletion of its first year at a meeting April 3, 1955, has to its credit the reprinting and sale of four hundred copies of the 1882 history of Gentry and Worth counties. The society has located the exact spot where the first cabin was built in Gentry County and plans to erect a suitable marker there and also hopes to have a roadside park made and a marker erected at the site of what was the McGuire School on new Highway 136, honoring the pioneer settler, James E. McGuire. Arrangements have been made for the society to keep its records in the Carnegie Public Library at Albany, and the society has placed twenty-five pamphlets written by William R. Gentry, grandson of Col. Richard Gentry for whom the county is named, in the school, public libraries, and service organizations. Total membership for the first year was 139 members. The new president elected at the April meeting is W. H. Karr of Stanberry.

It was voted at a meeting of the Grand River Historical Society at the Livingston County Memorial Library in Chillicothe on March 24, 1955, that the newly-organized society would hold quarterly meetings. President George Somerville announced that the meetings would be on the second Tuesday of January, April, July, and October, with the April meeting for 1955 cancelled and the next meeting on July 14.

A monument to the 35th Division was proposed at the meeting of the Greene County Historical Society in the Springfield Public Library on January 27, 1955. Major General Ralph E. Truman Historical Notes and Comments 383 of Springfield, retired, former commander of the division, described its history from the time men of Missouri marched with Colonel Alexander Doniphan in 1846 against the Mexicans. Famous names in the 35th Division in World War I would include former President Harry S. Truman and the late Senator Bennett Champ Clark. The history of the Bald Knobbers, a secret vigilante organi­ zation that started in Taney County in 1885, was discussed by two Taney County attorneys at the February 24 meeting of the Greene County Historical Society in the Sprinfield Public Library. Robert L. Gideon, former circuit judge, and Douglas Mahnkey, prosecuting attorney of Taney County, were introduced by James E. Ruffin, Springfield attorney. George R. Bush and Mrs. May Kennedy McCord contributed to the program, and Dr. C. Benton Manley presided. The meeting of the Greene County Historical Society on March 24, 1955, presided over by Dr. C. Benton Manley, featured a pictorial presentation of Springfield's history from the time Kickapoo Indians stood before their wigwams on South Street to the present. The rare collection, made by Mr. and Mrs. Dallas D. Anthony and Jack Denton, includes drawings of Wild Bill Hickok, old views of the square, the old woolen mill, the block house of a Civil War fort, and the fire of 1913. Some little-known facts of Greene County's early history were related by Attorney Howard C. Potter at the meeting of the Greene County Historical Society April 28, 1955, in the Spring­ field Public Library. James E. Ruffin, program chairman, pre­ sided, and plans were discussed for obtaining a mural for the Springfield Post Office honoring the Butterfield Overland Mail in connection with the centennial of the stage line in 1958. J. J. Rode, president of Historic Hermann, Inc., signed an agreement March 7 of conditions for the transfer of the Hermann German School building to the historical society. The building is to be used solely for public purposes, and Historic Hermann, Inc., is to continue to conduct the annual May picnic for the pupils of the Hermann schools. The agreement also stipulated that space is to be provided in the building for the Hermann Public Library, the city office, and for a museum. Mrs. Pat Kavanaugh, chairman of the Hermann Museum, presented the museum, previ­ ously located in the courthouse, to Historic Hermann, Inc. on behalf of the Brush and Palette Club. 384 Missouri Historical Review

Historic Hermann, Inc., presented the annual "Maifest" at Hermann, Missouri, May 21-22, 1955. A pageant, "Sands of Time," featured the life of Charles D. Eitzen, "the biggest- hearted German this town has ever known." Other activities included house and garden tours, folk dancing, square dance exhi­ bitions, and a parade. A meeting of Historic Hermann was held April 25, 1955, at which the completion of plans for the festival was the main business. Mrs. Clarence Hesse was the pageant director, and Mrs. William Harrison was publicity director.

President Frederic E. Voelker presided over the meeting of the Historical Association of Greater St. Louis April 21, 1955, in the Concordia Historical Institute on the campus of Concordia Theological Seminary. Dr. John Loos of the John Burroughs School spoke on "William Clark and the Publication of the Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1809-1814," and Dr. Edward J. Maguire of the history department of St. Louis University discussed "John O'Hanlon's Irish Emigrant Guide."

The Laclede County Historical Society played an important part in the Laclede County Museum Committee which took steps at a meeting March 11, 1955, to establish a Laclede County Museum. Members of the Laclede County Court, guests at the luncheon meeting, agreed to let the county jail be used for the museum as soon as it could be vacated and made available. Plans are under way for the decoration and furnishing of the building.

A Macon County Historical Society was founded March 11, 1955, at a meeting of fifty-six persons at the courthouse in Macon. Hilman H. Knapp of Macon acted as temporary chairman, and W. E. Adams of Macon was named president of the new society. Mrs. Roger Freeman of Callao was elected vice-president, Leroy Lucas of Macon was chosen secretary, and Mrs. Preston Walker of Anabel is treasurer. Committees were chosen to draw up a constitution and by-laws and to conduct a membership drive. The membership goal was set at 1,000, with present members already over the one hundred mark. A window display of old pictures and items of Macon and Macon County of thirty to fifty years ago has aroused interest in the society.

The Missouri Historical Society sponsored a program of chamber music by St. Louis composers March 25, 1955, at the Historical Notes and Comments 385

Jefferson Memorial Building in St. Louis. Introductory remarks by Ernest C. Krohn, who arranged the program, preceded the compositions by P. G. Anton, Sr, Samuel Bollinger, William Robyn, and Dr. Barrett L. Taussig played by Mrs. Shirley Rosen Lucas, Edward Ormond, Leslie Parnas, Jerome D. Rosen, and Garland Young. The annual dinner of the Missouri Historical Society was held May 4, 1955, at the Starlight Roof of the Chase Hotel in St. Louis. Mr. Roger P. Butterfield, noted journalist, author, and historian, spoke on "The Folklore of American Politics," discussing folk stories, legends, and traditions which have grown up about our two-party system since the days of Washington.

Homer Croy, author of West of the Water Tower, was the speaker at the meeting of the Native Sons of Kansas City on April 22, 1955, at Hotel President. The most recent book by Mr. Croy, on sale since April, is the story of the Donner expedition which started west from Independence in 1846 and is entitled Wheels West.

The Phelps County Centennial this year is planned to com­ memorate the coming of Edmund Ward Bishop to Rolla and the beginning of the present "Frisco" line. The principal concern of the Phelps County Historical Society this year is to supply a worthy memorial marker with a tablet reciting Bishop's achieve­ ments. The society acquired the retired steam locomotive "1501," as noted in the April Review, and Clark Hungerford, president of the Frisco Railroad, has also granted the group a historic Frisco passenger coach, complete with old-style lamps. The proposed distinctive museum will be centered around the two items. The main celebration will come in 1957 on the centennial of the birth of Phelos County.

The Pike County Historical Society met at the Wahl Hotel in Louisiana on April 19, 1955. The guest speaker was Dr. W. Francis English, associate dean of the college of arts and science at the University of Missouri, who discussed "Saving Our His­ torical Resources."

The spring dinner meeting of he Platte County Historical Society was held March 15, 1955, at Thompson Commons on the 386 Missouri Historical Review

Park College Campus in Parkville. Chester A. Bradley, Kansas City Star columnist and student of Missouri history, spoke on why Missourians should be proud of their state. Another highlight of the meeting presided over by Mrs. E. G. Aker of Parkville was the presentation of a program by the Park College Singers. The March, 1955, issue of the Platte County Historical Society Bulletin reviewed the society's activities and accomplishments since last summer and discussed plans being made for the resto­ ration of old Flintlock Baptist Church.

The St. Joseph Historical Society was entertained at a meeting February 14, 1955, by the reading of a narrative poem by William Strop and a discussion of legends about Santa Claus by Mrs. Virginia Rizer. The poem dealt with the peaceful departure of the Indians from St. Joseph when the Whites came. Mrs. Rizer, who had recently returned from Europe, discussed European customs in different countries as well as the wealth of lore about Santa Claus. The spring meeting was held May 9, 1955, and the program was centered around the Runcie family of Springfield, members of which have been religious and reform leaders.

The first of four meetings in 1955 to be held by the Saline County Historical Society was on April 22 in the club room of Murrell Library at Missouri Valley College in Marshall. Dr. Byron Banta discussed "Aspects of the Black Hawk War" at the meeting presided over by Dr. John R. Lawrence. The annual picnic June 19, 1955, at the George Caleb Bingham Cottage in Arrow Rock honored Bingham. The tentative date for the fall meeting is September 23.

ANNIVERSARIES Bellefontaine Methodist Church in northern St. Louis County celebrated its centennial April 24-May 1, 1955, and a special bro­ chure of the history of the church was printed for the occasion.

La Plata's centennial was celebrated July 3-8, 1955, with a 250-cast historical pageant as a feature attraction. Lowell Johns­ ton was chairman of the "Brothers of the Brush" committee which advertised the centennial with beards. Jesse Elsea was chairman of the special days committee which designated the separate days of the centennial as Religious Observance Day, Armed Forces Historical Notes and Comments 387

Day, Old Settlers Day, Agriculture Day, American Youth Day, and Labor and Industrial Day. The La Plata area was settled as early as 1835, but the town was not laid out until 1855. Macon, the county seat, will be one hundred years old in 1956.

A pamphlet by Dr. and Mrs. Clair V. Mann of Rolla has a two-fold purpose: to celebrate the centennial of Edmund Ward Bishop's arrival in Rolla and to stimulate interest in the erection of a monument at the grave of this "co-founder" of Rolla and Phelps County. Published by radio station KTTR of Rolla, the pamphlet describes Bishop's career and his contributions to the area. Dr. Mann's extensive research on the history of Rolla and Phelps County was the subject of an interesting, well-illustrated article by Dorothy O. Moore in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of December 3, 1951, and the Rolla Daily News of December 7, 1951.

A special centennial edition of the Marshfield Mail was pub­ lished March 3, 1955, in celebration of the organization of Webster County, March 3, 1855. Many interesting old photographs illustrated articles on the organization of the county, pioneer families, villages in Webster County, Waldo Academy, churches, business enterprises, the mineral springs once at Marshfield, and the cyclone of 1880. The largest newspaper ever printed in Webster County, this edition stressed improvements made in the county. A homecoming July 1-4, 1955, marked the observance of the Webster County Centennial. A pageant, directed by Ismael Gardner of Springfield, was presented every night but Sunday, July 3, and other attractions included a parade, a county-wide choir, a beard growing contest, a style show, and a queen contest. Ellis O. Jackson of Marshfield was general chairman of the cen­ tennial committee. NOTES Sam A. Baker, governor of Missouri from 1925 to 1929, was honored by the dedication of a bronze plaque in his memory May 15, 1955. Henry N. Davis of St. Louis, an attorney and friend of the former governor, made the principal address at the dedi­ cation when the plaque was unveiled in Sam A. Baker State Park near Patterson, Missouri, in Wayne County.

The grave of Kirksville's first settler, David E. Sloan, was restored by the Tip Top 4-H Club of Kirksville as a project for 388 Missouri Historical Review

community service. The grave, located on land owned by the International Shoe Factory in Kirksville, has been cleared and fenced in, the tombstone has been pieced together and laid in concrete over the top of the grave, and a sign has been erected along South Osteopathy Street to mark the spot of the grave. Mrs. J. S. Denslow of Kirksville has sent the Society a snapshot of the 4-H group at work on the restoration of the site and a clipping of the Kirksville Express fe9 News of October 15, 1954, which de­ scribed the project.

Mrs. William Reid of Columbia, Missouri, has given the Society an oil portrait of Mrs. John A. Logan, a Boone County woman who was prominent in Washington society after the Civil War. John A. Logan was a volunteer Union general in the Civil War and an Illinoisan. He was a congressman from 1859 to 1863 and 1867 to 1871, then was a senator from Illinois from 1871 to 1877. The Republician nominee for Vice-President in 1884, he was also the founder of the Grand Army of the Republic and of Memorial Day. Mrs. Logan, whose mother was the first cousin of Mrs. Reid's father, wrote Reminiscences of a Soldier's Wife.

Mr. James T. Thorp of Miami, Missouri, has sent the Society some interesting pictures including one of "Blind" Boone, world- famous Negro pianist (1863-1927) of Columbia, born in Miami. The items also include a copy of one of Boone's concert programs and scenes of Miami and steamboats at the Miami landing. Mr. Thorp also lent the Society for photostating store accounts dated 1847, 1849, 1852, 1854, and 1859, which serve as an interesting commentary on prices of the day. Mr. Thorp has given the Society for its permanent collection a book containing the history of the establishment of the Miami Savings Bank in 1874 and an article on Miami banks.

The Barth family papers, consisting of thirty-seven letters and fifteen documents ranging in date from 1852 to 1907, were given to the Society by Mrs. Wallace Whitaker, administratrix of the Barth estate. The papers mainly concern Moses Barth of Rocheport, Missouri, who was in charge of a branch store owned by Alexander Greenabaum of Fayette from 1853 to 1856. The Barths went into business in Rocheport in 1856 and opened a branch in Columbia in 1858, the predecessor of the present Barth Historical Notes and Comments 389

Clothing Store. They suffered a great loss in the burning of Rocheport by Federals in 1864 and went into bankruptcy five years later but were able to rebuild the business.

David C. Duniway, State Archivist at the Oregon State Li­ brary in Salem, Oregon, has given the Society the papers of the late Henry Thomas Mudd of St. Louis (1818-1903). The col­ lection of 423 letters pertaining to the Mudd family in Pittsfield, Illinois, and Kirkwood and St. Louis, Missouri, is dated from 1850 through 1879. Henry Thomas Mudd was a member of the Missouri House of Representatives in 1873 and 1879, a delegate to the Missouri Constitutional Convention in 1875, and a curator of the University of Missouri. President of the Missouri Horti­ cultural Society 1859-1869, he was also the first president of the State Agricultural Board, serving from 1865 to 1874.

A recent publication of the Missouri Association of Teachers of English is a handsome 22" x 30" Literary Map of Missouri featuring thirty-three sketches representing notable books by authors from or associated with Missouri. Other writers' names are "spotted" regionally on the map, totalling one hundred names accompanied by the most significant book title and the date of publication. A supplementary list below the map presents fifty additional Missouri authors from 1780 to 1900, and a third list features one hundred Missouri authors since 1900. Intended especially for use and reference in classrooms and libraries, the map should be of interest to any Missourian interested in the state's literary contributions. The map, drawn by William Clemen- son of Parkville, is available for $1.00, postpaid, from Dr. Robert E. Greef, Central Missouri State College, Warrensburg.

A new edition of Ballads and Songs Collected by the Missouri Folk-Lore Society, edited by H. M. Belden, has been published by the University of Missouri Studies. First published in 1940, the work became a model for other state and regional collections, recording and preserving 287 ballads. Persistent demands for the book led the Committee of University Studies to reissue the collection. Price, $4.00.

Documents relating to James R. Alderman of; Macon, Mis­ souri, were given to the Society by Mr. James F. Hudson of South 390 Missouri Historical Review

Pasadena, California, grandson of Mr. Alderman. The manu­ scripts are dated from 1838 to 1876 and consist of deeds and land patents, licenses to preach in the Methodist Episcopal Church and to practice law, appointments, circulars, and broadsides.

Mr. S. W. Skelton, Superintendent of Schools of Atchison County, has prepared an early history of Atchison County for a unit of study on the different communities and the county at large, providing an outline in which each school could add local material. Mr. Skelton has given the Society a copy of the history around which the project is centered.

The Society received from William F. Arndt of St. Louis a copy of the proceedings of the 1954 convention of the Western District of the Lutheran Church, Missouri Synod. This seventy- first convention marked the centennial of the district and was held at the Concordia Seminary in St. Louis June 20-24, 1954.

The Great River Road; from Pines to Palms is the title of an illustrated pamphlet presented by the Mississippi River Parkway Foundation to publicize the construction of a proposed trans­ continental highway from Northern Minnesota to the Louisiana delta. The pamphlet discusses how the project was started, why it is needed, and who will maintain it.

A compilation of biographies of the Past Masters of Corinthian Lodge No. 265, A.F. & A.M., Warrensburg, by S. Ray Sweeney, was lent to the Society for microfilming by the compiler.

The Society has purchased from the National Archives in Washington, D. C, microfilm reproductions of the United States Census Population Schedules of Maryland and of South Carolina from 1800 through 1880.

The publication of a new history textbook, Missouri, Mid­ land State, by Earl A. Collins and Felix E. Snider, was announced at a coffee hour at Kent Library in Cape Girardeau March 6, 1955. W. P. Johnson, president of the Webster Publishing Company of St. Louis, and the authors discussed the evolution of the book from an idea to the printed form, and Miss Aileen D. Lorberg, president of the local chapter of the Missouri Writers' Guild, ex- Historical Notes and Comments 391 tended the Guild's congratulations. The State Historical Society was represented by Second Vice-President Rush H. Limbaugh of Cape Girardeau, who added congratulations and commented on the significance of Missouri's pivotal position in American history and the work of the Society in calling attention to this significance. He also noted the contributions of Cape Girardeau's Louis Houck to Missouri and American history.

E. Lansing Ray, publisher of the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, announced on March 23, 1955, that stock control in the newspaper had been sold to Samuel I. Newhouse of New York City, owner of ten other newspapers, at a price exceeding $6,000,000. The paper has been in the Ray family for three generations, but the death of Lt. Col. E. Lansing Ray, Jr., ended the succession, and Mr. Ray preferred to make the change so that he could choose his successor and ensure the continuation of present policies. Mr. Ray, editor of the paper for thirty-six years, will continue as chair­ man of the board, publisher, and editor.

Captain J. R. North, skipper of the battleship Missouri, hauled down the commission pennant at ten o'clock on the morning of February 26 to end the ship's eleven years of service. The Mis­ souri reached the height of her fame in 1945 as the site of the Japanese surrender after World War II and made news again in 1950 by getting stuck on a mudbank in Chesapeake Bay. She served 80,000 miles of duty in the Korean War and will now pro­ vide office space and living quarters for the headquarters of the Bremerton group of the Pacific reserve fleet.

Copies of the Missouri Historical Review are being made available through the libraries and public schools in Missouri's three largest cities. St. Joseph public schools are credited with twenty-two memberships, while the St. Joseph Public Library and its Carnegie branch account for two more memberships. The Kansas City Public Library and its thirteen branch libraries are all members, and two public schools are also members, making a total of sixteen for Kansas City libraries and public schools. In St. Louis copies are made available through ten public school libraries with the St. Louis Public Library also listed as a member.

The Folklore Conference of the National Folk Festival As­ sociation was held under the auspices of University College, 392 Missouri Historical Review

Washington University, in St. Louis on April 27 and 28, 1955. The program included discussions of folklore in literature, practical utilization of folklore, primitive folklore, and American folk heroes.

The Ozarks Chapter of the Missouri Archaeological Society played host for the spring meeting of the society at the Student Union Building of Southwest Missouri State College in Spring­ field, May 1, 1955. Prof. S. C. Dellinger and Prof. Lynn Howard of the University of Arkansas and Rev. Glenn B. Coykendall presented illustrated talks on the Ozark Bluff Dwellers. Salvage archaeology in southwestern Missouri was discussed by Jesse E. Wrench, C. Helmer Turner, Marvin E. Tong, Jr., Robert T. Bray, and Richard A. Marshall.

Floyd C. Shoemaker was the speaker on April 26, 1955, at a breakfast meeting of the Masonic Missouri Lodge of Research at the Daniel Boone Hotel in Columbia, Missouri. The subject of the address was "Missouri's United States Senators." Mr. Shoemaker delivered this address on May 5 before the Rotary Club of Moberly, Missouri.

The "Abraham Lincoln Mural" was dedicated May 15, 1955, at Lincoln University in Jefferson City. The mural, painted by Missouri's famous artist, Thomas Hart Benton, took three years to complete and was given to the university by the artist.

The third annual Mark Twain Hobby and Antique Show was held April 30 and May 1, 1955, at the Perry, Missouri, high school. The annual event was sponsored by the Perry Kiwanis Club and the Perry Study Club, and proceeds are to be used for community welfare.

An interesting item about Missouri's famous medical pioneer, Dr. John Sappington, was discovered by Mr. E. W. Bowers of Clarksville, Texas, district clerk of Red River County. In 1843, Captain William Becknell gave Dr. Sappington a note for $2,000 for 1000 boxes of the doctor's famous quinine pills. Becknell later redeemed the note by deeding 1000 acres of land to Thomas J. Shannon at the request of Dr. Sappington. Mr. Bowers reports that the anti-fever pills were worth more than an acre of land in Red River County in the 1840's. He also informed us that a J. Historical Notes and Comments 393

L. Reed of Missouri was in Texas in the 1880's and made a fortune on "Reed's Chill Cure," a combination of quinine, snakeroot, and other ingredients. Dr. Sappington's anti-fever pills contained quinine, bark of dogwood root, gum myrrh, liquorice, and whiskey or water. Another interesting bit of information from Mr. Bowers is that Dr. Sappington engaged in four lawsuits in Red River County extending over eleven years. The physician was represented in the suits by Amos Morrill and Ebenezer Allen, two of the best lawyers in Texas history; Ebenezer Allen served three times as attorney general and twice as secretary of state of the Republic of Texas. An overdue promisory note to Dr. Sappington for $260.80, which was the cause of one of the suits, was sent to the Society by Mr. Bowers. John T. Barker of Washington D. C, formerly speaker of the Missouri House of Representatives and attorney general of Mis­ souri, spoke to the Jefferson City Rotary Club on January 24, 1955, on such memorable Missourians as the James brothers, Senator Thomas Hart Benton, John C. Fremont, and James Shields. In describing Benton's egotism, General Barker quoted a proposal made after a Benton speech by a member of the audience: "Be it resolved that Thomas Hart Benton is the greatest living Ameri­ can . . . the greatest American who has ever lived . . . the greatest American who will ever live." Benton's reply was "Gentlemen, you have paid me only simple justice." General Maxwell Taylor, born in Keytesville, Missouri, in 1901, formerly commander-in-chief of the United States and United Nations forces in the Far East, was appointed to replace General Matthew B. Ridgeway as Army Chief of Staff when Gen. Ridgeway, who has reached the retirement age of sixty, ended his two-year appointment in May. Gen. Taylor was an artillery commander during World War II, chief of staff for American forces in Europe in 1949, commander of the American military government in Berlin, and commander of the Eighth Army in Korea. "Pioneer Sedalia Approaching Her 100th Birthday" was the subject of a speech by Miss Jessie Blair at a Sorosis meeting Febru­ ary 28, 1955, at the Heard Memorial Club House in Sedalia. In­ troduced by Mrs. Robert Johnson, Miss Blair reviewed the history of Pettis County and Sedalia at the meeting presided over by Mrs. T. H. Yount. 394 Missouri Historical Review

"The Jesse Wrench Story" is told by Edna Albrecht in the February-March, 1955, issue of the Courier Magazine, a human interest monthly published in New York City. When Professor Wrench retired from the history department of the University of Missouri in 1953 after forty-seven years of teaching, he was honored by a resolution of appreciation by the state legislature and by a mammoth pep rally at the university. The article relates some of the colorful anecdotes which abound about the professor in campus circles and pays tribute to his continued interest in archaeo­ logical investigations in Missouri.

A new quarterly is The Freemason, an official publication of the Grand Lodge, A. F. & A. M., of Missouri. The first issues were published in December, 1954, and March, 1955. The maga­ zine is published by the Committee on Masonic Education, headed by John A. Witthaus, and the editor is Harold L. Reader of St. Louis.

Dr. W. J. Marshall of Springfield is the author of an article on the New Madrid earthquake of 1811-12 in the Greene County Medical Society Bulletin of February, 1955. The article includes a general description of different types of earthquakes and of terms used in connection with the New Madrid earthquake.

The Rev. Charles F. Rehkopf, archdeacon and executive secretary of the Diocese of Missouri, is the author of "The Be­ ginnings of the Episcopal Church in Missouri, 1819-1844" in the March, 1955, issue of History Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church. The article discusses the founding of Christ Church in St. Louis in 1819, the general convention of 1835, the rise and fall of Kemper College, Episcopal visitations, parishes organized under Bishop Kemper, organization of the Diocese of Missouri, and the first bishop of the diocese, Cicero Stephens Hawks.

The model for the originaMllustrations for Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, published in 1884, has been identi­ fied in an article by Cyril Clemens in the February, 1955, issue of Hobbies as Courtland P. Morris; the artist was Edward Windsor Kemble of New York. The article describes the sittings and the reminiscences of "Cort" Morris who died at the age of eighty-two on March 25, 1951, at his home in Audubon, New Jersey. Historical Notes and Comments 395

An article by Bartlett Boder in the Winter, 1955, St. Joseph Museum Graphic described Typographical Union No. 40 of St. Joseph as the oldest typographical union west of the Mississippi River. The history of the union since its beginning in 1856 in­ cludes interesting information on the apprentice system.

The Native Son is the title of a bulletin to be published peri­ odically by the Native Sons of Kansas City, Missouri. The February, 1955, issue opened the series and contained news about the restoration of Fort Osage, meetings, membership, the organi­ zation's archives collection, and a summary of events of 1954.

Walter A. Coon of Springfield has sent the Society a copy of the Ozarks Mountaineer of February, 1955, with an article about the work of the Butterfield stage in pioneering travel to the Pacific coast. The article by F. P. Rose describes the inception of the stage line, while further installments in March and April deal with the line's operations in the Missouri and Arkansas Ozarks.

The importance and hazards of river travel among early settlers of Carroll County are stressed in an article in the Carrollton Daily Democrat of February 26, 1955. Activities of the packet boat A. C. Bird, which transported merchandise from De Witt to Miami, Malta Bend, Laynesville, and Waverly, and the sinking of the flour-loaded R. W. Dugan in 1878 are described.

"Famous Missouri Duels," an article in the Farm and Home section of the Columbia Missourian of March 30, 1955, included a description of the attitude toward duelling in nineteenth century Missouri. Accounts are given of the duel between Charles Lucas and Thomas Hart Benton in 1817 and of another between Major Taylor Berry and Abiel Leonard in 1824.

Anyone who wonders how his county got its name may find an answer in an article by Mrs. Oliver Howard in the Hannibal Courier-Post of February 10, 1955. The article discusses Missouri counties named for famous men in the northeastern part of the state. An article by Mrs. Oliver Howard in the Hannibal Courier- Post of March 29, 1955, discusses the importance of music in pioneer Missouri. The article notes some of the prominent musical fami- 396 Missouri Historical Review

lies, types of instruments used, some of the favorite early songs, and the work of the singing master. The first Negro priest in the United States, Augustine Tolton, was born in slavery in Ralls County, Missouri, and lived near Sidney as a youth. Born in 1854, he escaped with his mother into Illinois with the coming of the Civil War, received help and education from the Franciscan Fathers at Quincy, and was or­ dained in Rome in 1886. The Hannibal Courier-Post of April 14, 1955, carries a description of his career by Mrs. Oliver Howard.

The strong tradition of independent voting, which has made Missouri a "doubtful" state since the turn of the century, and the series of bipartisan changes in the state constitution, culminating in the adoption of a new constitution in 1945, are discussed by Chester A. Bradley of the Kansas City Star in a recent article. The article, "Missouri since 1900," appeared in the April, 1955, issue of the Southern Observer. The most historic house in Bethany, Missouri, the home of E. W. (Ed) Howe, author of The Story of a Country Town, was demolished last fall to clear the lot for future business use. The Kansas City Times of September 24, 1954, carries a picture of the house and a description of the materials of which the house was made. It took a native of Missouri to show citizens of Kissimmee, Florida, how to entice tourists to their town. Dr. Charles W. Bessler-Pettis of Grant City, Missouri, who died in May, 1954, and his artist wife, Laura, devised unusual tourist attractions including large sculptural projects for Kissimmee's Broadway Street. The Kansas City Times of February 18, 1955, carried an article by Margaret Whittemore describing the native Missourian's contributions to the Florida "cowtown." Legal documents collected by Kansas City lawyer-historian, Dean Wood, show that old Watts Mill on Indian Creek west of Wornall Road at 103rd Street in Kansas City was the scene of the departure of a thousand homesteaders in the first wagon train to complete the journey to Oregon's Willamette Valley on May 13, 1843. An article by Henry Van Brunt in the Kansas City Times of February 26, 1955, describes the history of the grist mill, which dated back to 1838, to when its ruins were removed in 1942. An article describing Weston before the catastrophic fire of March 8, 1855, appeared in the Kansas City Times of April 11, Historical Notes and Comments 397

1955. The article notes that the fire came soon after the evacu­ ation of many merchants to newly-founded Leavenworth, Kansas, and that another fire four years later made Weston the victim of a triple blow. The prosperity of Weston in the early 1850's and the fire itself are described in the article by Ray Felling.

The burying ground near Caruthersville in Pemiscot County of Indians who lived in the area some five hundred years ago was excavated on the C. E. Murphy farm. Dr. Carl H. Chapman, University of Missouri archaeologist, calls the discovery one of the state's most important in many years and furnished infor­ mation about the discovery for an article by Vic Russell in the Kennett Dunklin Democrat of April 11, 1955.

Civil War maneuvers in Gentry and Andrew counties are described by Robert Birbeck in the King City Tri-County News of March 18, 1955. The Confederate stronghold in the area was Camp Highly near Rochester in the eastern part of Andrew County until Union forces under the command of Col. George Craynor of Gentry County broke up the camp.

Roy Godsey has used material from "The Story of Liberty and Carthage Jails" by Joseph A. McRae of Salt Lake City to retell the story of the imprisonment of the Mormon leaders in the Liberty jail in 1838-9. The article in the Liberty Advance of Febru­ ary 28, 1955, also describes the massacre of the Mormons at Haun's Mill, October 27, 1838, indignities suffered by the Mormons while in jail, and the construction of the jail itself.

An article in the Marshfield Mail of April 14, 1955, gives an eyewitness account of the tornado that hit Marshfield April 18, 1880. The article was written seventy-four years after the dis­ aster by Mrs. Bessie Mosier of Springfield and was submitted to the newspaper by Mrs. Craig Baker of Kansas City.

A summary of the history of Red Brush School District in Union Township, Sullivan County, can be found in the Milan Standard of February 17, 1955. The article by Mrs. Elmer White includes names of teachers, early settlers, students, and directors of the school. A description of Fields Mill on Main Locust Creek in Sullivan County is given by E. L. Calfee in two installments in the Milan 398 Missouri Historical Review

Standard of March 10 and March 17, 1955. The articles include information about Samuel Fields who came to the area in 1843 and erected the dam and mill twenty years later.

The career of Kentucky-born James Proctor Knott in Mis­ souri is the subject of an article by Herbert F. Rice in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of April 4, 1955. Although appointed attorney general of Missouri in 1858 and elected in 1860, Knott refused to take the required oath of loyalty to the United States in October, 1861, and was arrested. Paroled through the efforts of Ulysses S. Grant, he returned to Kentucky, terminating his Missouri career. In Kentucky he served as governor and as congressman.

The role of Georgetown, in Pettis County, as an educational, cultural, and business center and county seat in the early days of the county is described in the Sedalia Democrat of April 10, 1955. The article by W. D. Agee includes a survey of the several acade­ mies established around the middle of the nineteenth century.

HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS Missouri; Midland State. By Earl A. Collins and Felix Eugene Snider. (St. Louis: Webster Publishing Company, 1955. 440 pp. $3.20.) This brief history of Missouri, designed for senior high school and junior college students, traces the development of the state from the earliest explorations to the present with particular attention to the growth of industries, resources, and social and political institutions. Besides the chronological history, topical chapters include such subjects as Missouri's relation to the West, money and banking, transportation and communication, development of educational and religious institutions, recreation, mining and timber industries, agriculture, and manufacturing and commerce. The treatment brings out, where possible, Mis­ souri's role in national development and trends. The authors have included suggested problems and selected bibliographies at the end of each chapter to stimulate the reader's interest in his environment and encourage the study of local history. Also helpful are appendices of chronology, governors, senators, popu­ lation growth, counties, institutions of higher learning, selected list of state institutions, forests and parks, and the Missouri Consti­ tution of 1945. The study is excellently and generously illus­ trated. Indexed. Historical Notes and Comments 399

A History of Missouri. By E. M. Violette and Others. (Kansas City: Burton Publishing Company, Inc., 1954. 468 pp. $4 00.) This book is intended for use as a textbook or as a source for the general reading public to replace the standard works on Missouri history which are out of date or out of print. Although effort has been made to deal only with those topics in Missouri history that have significance in United States history, local history is not entirely omitted. The eight study units into which the book has been divided form chapters somewhat larger than in the usual manual of Missouri history, but subdivisions break down the chapters, and the arrangement does not vary greatly from the conventional approach to Missouri history. Organization is. basically chronological, but an example of topical study is the chapter on banking, trade, and railroads. References accompany each chapter, and bibliography, appendices, and an index are in­ cluded at the end of the book.

Missouri Writers; a Literary History of Missouri, 1780-1955 By Elijah L. Jacobs and Forrest E. Wolverton. (St. Louis, State Publishing Co., 1955. 366 pp. $5.00.) Operating on the thesis that Missouri received from the beginning the most diverse ele­ ments of the older states, the authors have set about describing and evaluating how Missourians have put into writing their multi­ farious activities and ideas. Special attention is given to St. Louis as an intellectual center "where the minds as well as the trails of the nineteenth century came together," but other cities and towns and the frontier come in for their share of attention. The work of Missourians in verse, novels, history, and biography on a wide variety of subjects is described as voluminous and as less regional as sectional issues are smoothed out. The book is written for home and classroom use, and a special feature is the inclusion of suggestions for the proper observance of Missouri Writer's Day, required by state law on the third Friday in October in the public schools. As a handbook of the accomplishments of Missourians in an important field, it should be of state-wide in­ terest. The work is, in a sense, a pioneer study and is the first comprehensive study of the subject over the whole period of state­ hood, giving a more complete picture than has previously been available. Indexed.

The Burr Conspiracy. By Thomas Perkins Abernathy. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1954. xi, 301 pp. $6.00.) 400 Missouri Historical Review

The ingredients for treason in the winter of 1806, when Aaron Burr plotted to dismember the nation he had helped to establish, consisted of a federation united on paper only, a West seething with unrest, and the presence of opportunists eager to capitalize on the chaotic situation in the West. The facts, based partially on sources heretofore untapped, are allowed to speak for them­ selves, and the reader comes away with little doubt that Burr plotted to form a new empire in the West united with Spanish territory. Although the author states that the plan was thwarted chiefly because James Wilkinson "adhered to his turncoat pattern with chameleon-like consistency" in betraying Burr, one wonders if the failure of the scheme did not have deeper roots in the forces of unity in the nation and the West which prevented a war with Spain, causing the plot to collapse. The authority with which the author has combined new material with previous work on the subject makes this competent, well-documented study of the intricities of the conspiracy the last word unless new evidence is discovered to fill in the open spaces. Indexed.

Fifty Million Acres: Conflicts Over Kansas Land Policy, 1854-1890. By Paul Wallace Gates. (Ithaca: Cornell Uni­ versity Press, 1954. xiii, 311 pp. $3.75.) Convinced that the story of the development of Kansas involves an analysis of a "com­ plex maze of inconsistent and badly-drawn legislation compli­ cated by blundering, stupid, and corrupt administration," the author describes the inconstant situation in Kansas through the functioning of governmental policies, particularly Indian and land policies. He pays special attention to the treaty method of disposing of Indian lands, to land grants to railroads, and to the sales, settlement, and tax policies of these railroads. The theme of this carefully-written, comparatively thorough study, that it was "insatiable land-hunger" rather than any idealistic notion of making Kansas a free or a slave state that drew the bulk of the 100,000 people who rushed across the Missouri line in the period from 1854 to 1860, is so controversial that it is sure to arouse both plaudits and protests. Indexed.

Bleeding Kansas. By Alice Nichols. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1954. 307 pp. $4.50.) Published to coincide with the centennial of the signing of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, this book covers the period from May 30, 1854, to the admission Historical Notes and Comments 401

of Kansas as a state in 1861. Descriptions of the violence in the fight over Kansas are used in a journalistic style to show the excesses and extremes which the author believes typified the terri­ tory in that period. The author, a New York magazine editor and native Kansan, has let inaccuracies slip by but succeeds in making her point that guilt must be shared by both sides and in showing the insidious role of propaganda in the pre-war period. However, in giving the fight over the admission of Kansas as a state such prominence, she makes this issue almost a single factor interpretation of the causes of the Civil War. Some historians may not agree that the birth of Kansas as a state must inevitably bring Civil War as its twin. One might also wonder whether the author's picturization of the Southern temper and atmosphere is accurately drawn. The author states that "Southerners knew in their hearts that slavery was an indefensible institution. They felt in the wrong." This generalization, referring to the Southern attitude as late as 1861 when Kansas became a state, may be challenged by authorities in Southern history who have found evidence of Southerners' devotion to the Southern cause, including the belief in the "positive good" theory of slavery. Indexed.

Bent's Fort. By David Lavender. (Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1954. 450 pp. $5.50.) The spot where the Purgatory River joined the Arkansas in what is now southeastern Colorado was a strategic one, but the fort which finally came into being there after 1828 was conceived not by the military but by two St. Louis brothers, Charles and William Bent, recently displaced from the Missouri River by the violent trade wars. The vast mud castle erected by the Bents and Ceran St. Vrain, the first adobe fort and largest trading post in the moun­ tain region, became the spearhead of American expansion to the Southwest and sheltered an impressive role of pathbreakers such as Kit Carson, Blackfoot Smith, Old Bill Williams, Stephen Watts Kearney, and John C. Fremont. This vivid, violent drama, pieced together from fragmentary records, may be historical patchwork, and the accuracy of the surmises can probably never be checked, but the pathos, courage, and glory of the story of the two native sons of Missouri is not to be denied. Indexed. From Missouri. By Thad Snow. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1954. 341 pp. $4.00.) Thad Snow's story 402 Missouri Historical Review is more than a personal history. It is also a sociological study of a period and a geographical and cultural section, Southeast Missouri. Problems of farmers and sharecroppers are told in a rambling and earthy style by this "Cottonfield Confucius," who is best known to most Missourians for his letters to the St. Louis Post-Dispatch covering a variety of subjects from floods to the protective tariff. An authority on the problems of his area, the author was long a dynamic and controversial figure before his death January 15, 1955. Not indexed.

Westward the Way. Edited by Perry T. Rathbone. (St. Louis: Von Hoffmann Press, Inc., 1954. 280 pp. $3.95.) Pub­ lished by the City Art Museum of St. Louis in collaboration with the Walker Art Center of Minneapolis to commemorate the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the Louisiana Purchase, this volume preserves the spirit of the old West for posterity. Some fifty artists and sixty writers are represented in this account of the West after 1803, told through 225 magnificant paintings with accompanying essays and commentary by Mark Twain, Washing­ ton Irving, Maximilian, Prince of Wied, Timothy Flint, Francis Parkman, General Custer, and many others. John James Audubon, George Caleb Bingham, Charles Bodmer, George Catlin, Alfred Jacob Miller, Thomas Moran, William T. Ranney, Charles Wimar, and Seth Eastman are only a very few of the artists repre­ sented in this splendid contribution to the history of American art and American civilization. Indexed.

Indians of the Western Frontier; Paintings of George Catlin. By George I. Quimby. (Chicago: Chicago Natural History Museum Press, 1954. 78 pp. $.50.) Thirty-five oil paintings of Indians and western scenes painted by the celebrated American artist, George Catlin, between 1831 and 1837, owned by the Chicago Natural History Museum since 1894, and heretofore unpublished, are reproduced in this pamphlet. Mr. Quimby, curator of ex­ hibits at the museum, has provided the reader with an introductory biography of Catlin and helpful supplementary comments on each picture. Not indexed.

Captured By Indians; True Tales of Pioneer Survivors. By Howard H. Peckham. (New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers Uni­ versity Press, 1954. xvii, 238 pp. $5.00.) Here are fourteen Historical Notes and Comments 403 selected scalp-raising narratives of Americans who were captured by Indians, ranging in time from 1676 to 1864 and in area from Massachusetts to Arizona. The author, director of the Clements Library at the University of Michigan, chose what he considered the most reliable, dramatic, and entertaining stories with some regard for variety. Included in the collection is an account of the captivity of Daniel Boone by Shawnees in Kentucky in 1778. Indexed.

Jedediah Smith and His Maps of the American West. By Dale L. Morgan and Carl I. Wheat. (San Francisco: California Historical Society, 1954. 86 pp. $25.00.) This is not the first nor is it likely to be the last work on this extraordinary man, but the study is of unsurpassed quality and contributes original material in the form of a direct copy of a map drawn by Smith and a previ­ ously unknown letter. To the authoritative account of the great explorer's nine years in the West and a discussion of the significance of these years are added seven first-rate maps showing Smith's influence. Binding, format, and paper are excellent. Not in­ dexed.

Stephen F. Austin: Father of Texas. By Carleton Beals. (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1954. 277 pp. $3.50.) A hero of American history has been inflated in this book to such a degree that one might hesitate to place the work under the head­ ing of solid history. The exploits of "Steve," as the empire builder is called, are vivid if overdrawn, and the hero comes out all white. In the background is the surging growth of Texas with all its turmoil and violence. The solitary figure of Austin always occu­ pies the foreground, and the tragedy of this figure is the keynote of the biography. An excessively popularized version done in journalistic style, the work is interesting reading but maudlin and has an obvious anti-Mexican bias. Carleton Beals, author and journalist, has written over twenty books, including Dawn over the Amazon and Mexican Maze, and has taught at the Uni­ versity of California and the National University of Mexico. In­ dexed.

A Voyage to the Northwest Coast of America. By Gabriel Franchere, edited by Milo Milton Quaife. (Chicago: The Lakeside Press, R. R. Donnelly & Sons Company, 1954.) This 404 Missouri Historical Review latest offering of the Lakeside Classics is a well-edited version of the young French-Canadian clerk who joined John Jacob Astor's enterprise in 1810, sailing around Cape Horn to the mouth of the Columbia River where an overland party from St. Louis joined the venture. Franchere's story of his four-years' adventure by land and sea and his return to Montreal in September of 1814 is a charmingly-told commentary on the Astoria enterprise. In­ dexed.

Jeffersonian America: Notes on the United States of America Collected in the Years 1805-6-7 and 11-12 by Sir Augustus John Foster, Bart. Edited by Richard Beale Davis. (San Marino: The Huntington Library, 1954. xx, 356 pp. $6.00.) This extensive survey of the early republic came into being in the 1830's when a British diplomat in his mid-fifties decided that he must have his say about the America he had known as a young man. Foster knew too little about some states he described, such as Georgia and Mississippi, and, as the editor points out, he "gave undue weight to the wrong things as the basic causes of the War of 1812." Nevertheless, this is a sincere, lucid, and colorful de­ scription of American life, and a good job of editing corrects the author's mistakes. Indexed.

The Old Country Store. By Gerald Carson. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1954. xvi, 330 pp. $5.00.) Rich in personalities, anecdotes, and folklore, this account of general retail merchandising from 1790 to 1921 is drawn from old store records, diaries of country merchants, newspapers, and county histories. Nostalgia is combined with humor in describing the old stores, the local merchant's buying trips to the cities, wander­ ing peddlers, and tall tales of country life. Geographically, the author ranges from New England to Illinois, but this is not a hard and fast rule, just as the chronology is sometimes ignored. Mr. Carson, a retired advertising agency executive who played an active part in the merchandising revolution that eliminated the old general store, calls his book "a tribute—and an atonement." Indexed.

The Old Gravois Coal Diggings. By Mary Joan Boyer. (Festus, Mo.: Tri-City Independent, 1954. 107 pp. $3.50.) This is a history of the part of St. Louis once known as the "Old Historical Notes and Comments 405

Gravois Coal Diggings," located between Arsenal Street on the north, Gravois Road on the south, Grand Avenue on the east, and Kingshighway on the west. Hardships of the early settlers who braved Indian hostilities, loneliness, and poorly drained land to build plantations on which coal and fire clay were mined in­ spired the author to write this history. Special attention is given to the famous cowboy artist, Charles M. Russell, who lived in the area before venturing west. Not indexed.

A Passion for Politics; the Autobiography of Louis Brownlow, First Half. By Louis Brownlow. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1955. xii, 606 pp. $7.50.) The memories of a little over seventy years furnish the material for this autobi­ ography in which the journalist, politician, and administrator describes his childhood in the Missouri Ozarks, his work as a news­ paper reporter in Nashville and Louisville, and some of his obser­ vations as a Washington correspondent. The second volume will consider his work as a municipal consultant and on various public administration and management committees. The central theme against which his experiences are set down is his primary interest in politics, whether it was the politics of a backwoods Missouri town, of a state or local government, of a presidential campaign, or of important administrative decisions. Indexed.

Rebel Mail Runner. By Manly Wade Wellman. (New York: Holiday House, 1954. 221 pp. $2.75.) The Confederate mail runners who slipped through Union lines furnish the material for this adventure story for young people. Based on the true story of Absalom Grimes, the colorful, daring, and resourceful Missouri leader of the mail runners, the novel retells the adventures of the leader and his lieutenants which are still remembered up and down the Mississippi River. Not indexed.

OBITUARIES ANDERSON, BENJAMIN H., Bolivar: Born March 18, 1868; died July 6, 1954. Former county judge, school teacher, and founder and president of the Polk County Historical Society. A member of the Society.

ANDREWS, BELLE BOYNTON, Birmingham, Ala.: Born June 23, 1888; died May 9, 1954. A member of the Society. 406 Missouri Historical Review

BAILEY, H. H., Altamont, 111.: Born March 25, 1876; died Dec. 21, 1954. A member of the Society.

BLEDSOE, CLARENCE E., Arlington, Virginia: Born March 8, 1886; died March 3, 1955. Former publisher of the Hartsburg Truth and former co-editor, publisher, and owner of the Ashland Bugle.

BROCKELMANN, EMMY Ross, St. Louis: Born Oct. 2, 1889; died July 29, 1953. Physician. A member of the Society.

BUTLER, JOE BEATY, Rolla: Born May 11, 1895; died March 28, 1955. Head of the department of civil engineering at the Missouri School of Mines at Rolla since 1931. A member of the Society.

CAUTHORN, CURTIS P. (Jumps), Wichita, Kansas: Born July 8, 1891; died April 15, 1955. Formerly of Mexico, Missouri, he was editor of the Missouri Stockman, secretary of the Missouri Horse Breeders' Association, and a pioneer official in the American Royal.

COCHEL, W. A., Kansas City: Born Aug. 7, 1877; died May 1, 1955. Former editor of The Weekly Kansas City Star (1925-1945), he was instrumental in organizing the Future Farmers of America. He established a department of animal husbandry at Pennsylvania State College, was chairman of a similar department at Kansas State College, served on the Hoover commission in World War I, and was awarded an honorary LL. D. by the University of Mis­ souri in 1931.

DONALDSON, JAMES Q., Dexter: Born April 13, 1920; died Feb. 22, 1955. Lawyer and former Democratic state representa­ tive from Stoddard County, 1951-4. A founder of the Missouri Delta Development Commission.

FERGUSON, ELMA LOUISE ZOLLINGER, Columbia: Born Sept. 18, 1878; died Feb. 25, 1955. Active club member, a member of the Society.

FLIGG, KENNETH L, Kansas City: Born Oct. 16, 1903; died March 5, 1955. Lawyer and former member of the board of Historical Notes and Comments 407 trustees of the University of Kansas City where he was once a part-time faculty member. A member of the Society.

GREENSFELDER, ALBERT P., St. Louis: Born July 6, 1879; died April 17, 1955. Civic leader, planning authority, engineer, and contractor, he served on local, state, national, and international boards and congresses. A member of the Missouri, St. Louis County, and University City planning boards, a former vice- chairman of the Missouri Conservation Commission, and chair­ man of the Mississippi River Parkway Planning Commission.

HAFFORD, ALBERT, Trenton: Born Sept. 19, 1879; died Jan. 2, 1955. Chief of communications for the Rock Island Rail­ road at Trenton. A member of the Society.

HENWOOD, BERRYMAN, Jefferson City: Born April 23, 1881; died March 7, 1955. Active in the Republican party in Missouri, he was an attorney and former Missouri Supreme Court judge. A member of the Society.

MARTIN, MRS. CHARLES VILAS, Maryville: Born Sept. 11, 1878; died Oct. 13, 1954. A member of the Society.

MONTGOMERY, JOHN F., Manchester, Vt.: Born Sept. 20, 1878; died Nov. 7, 1954. Born in Sedalia, Mo., he was president of Nestle, Pet, and International milk companies and was U. S. envoy extraordinary and plenipotentiary to Hungary 1933-1941. Author of Hungary, the Unwilling Satellite in 1947.

MONTGOMERY, EUGENE EMMETT, Blue Springs: Born Dec. 16, 1870; died March 17, 1955. Banker, representative from Jackson County in the state legislature from 1935 to 1941.

O'DONNELL, WILLIAM V., St. Louis: Born Jan. 2, 1884; died Sept. 29, 1954. Former assistant U. S. Attorney. A mem­ ber of the Society.

PULITZER, JOSEPH, St Louis: Born March 21, 1885; died March 30, 1955. Editor and publisher of the St. Louis Post- Dispatch, founded by his father, president of the Pulitzer Publishing Co. since 1912, a member of the advisory board of the Pulitzer 408 Missouri Historical Review

School of Journalism at Columbia University, and a trustee or the State Historical Society from 1940 to 1952. Radio and TV stations, KSD and KSD-TV, established by him were the first such stations in the United States to be operated by a newspaper. A member of the Society.

REUBER, H. E., Sikeston: Born Nov. 3, 1895; died Feb. 8, 1955. Osteopathic physician and surgeon A member of the Society.

RIEBEL, ALEX C, Arbela: Born Dec. 3, 1871; died June 21, 1954. Farmer and collector of Indian relics, he was a member of the Society.

ROCKHOLD, H. K. Chillicothe: Born Feb. 28, 1885; died Feb. 24, 1955. Banker and a member of the Society.

SMITH, B. P., Mound City: Born July 31, 1873; died Dec. 16, 1954. Former president of the Holt County Bank. A member of the Society.

TIPTON, ERNEST Moss, Kansas City: Born Jan. 2, 1889; died Feb. 25, 1955. Missouri Supreme Court judge since 1933 and president of The Harry S. Truman Library, Inc.

VANDIVORT, MRS. CLYDE A., Cape Girardeau: Born Dec. 18, 1877; died Feb. 27, 1955. First woman member of the Cape Girardeau Board of Education, she was an active club member. A member of the Society.

VON HOLTZENDORFF, MRS. JOHN D., Columbia: Born Oct. 22, 1889; died April 29, 1955. The former Margaret Rollins. A member of the Society.

WALLACE, GEORGE K., Kansas City: Born April 28, 1890; died March 14, 1955. Missouri correspondent of the Kansas City Star, he was a friend and confident of every Missouri governor for over thirty years and of former President Harry S. Truman. His column, "Missouri in Review," discussed behind-the-scenes political activity. Historical Notes and Comments 409

WILSON, ROBERT KENT, Jackson: Born Nov. 26, 1883; died March 4, 1955. Youngest mayor in Jackson's history at 21, he served as postmaster 1915-1923, was owner and publisher of the Missouri Cash Book, and was a community leader. A member of the Society.

YECKEL, LOUIS F., St. Louis: Born August 11, 1885; died May 14, 1954. Attorney and real estate dealer. A member of the Society. 410 Missouri Historical Review

MISSOURI HISTORY NOT FOUND IN TEXTBOOKS

NO PLACE TO GO BUT UP

From the Milan Standard, Feb. 17, 1955. Extracts from an article by Mrs. Elmer White, Green City. In 1876 value of district property [Red Brush District, Sullivan County] was $500. Amount for a teacher's salary was $190 for a year . . . Henry Stahl was to deliver 10 cords of good hard wood for $14.20. Sept. 13, 1873, a solemn promise by Franklin Beck and Jesse P. Green was given in legal form to pay $80 for numerous repairs on school house ... A select school of 3 months was taught by D. L. Hinckley in 1871 for advanced pupils. Contract was made with Mollie Beatty to teach in 1871 at $20 a month . . .

AND HE IS STILL TALKING ABOUT MISSOURI o From the Missouri Historical Review, Oct., 1927, p. 94. The first radio school in Missouri history will be conducted during November and December under the auspices of the Missouri Daughters of the American Revolution, over Station KFRU of Stephens College, Columbia, Missouri. The school is under the direction of Mrs. Mary Asbury McKay, instructor in political science in Stephens College, in co-operation with Mrs. Benjamin L. Hart, State Regent of the Missouri D.A.R. This unique school will be opened by a series of lectures on Missouri history by Mr. Floyd C. Shoemaker, secretary and librarian of the State Historical Society of Missouri, beginning on Thursday, November 3, and continuing each Thursday until December 8. Mr. Shoemaker will talk on . . . "The Mis­ sourian," "Eminent Missourians of the Past," and . . . "The Kentucky Epoch in Missouri History."

A TRIBUTE TO ALBERT P. GREENSFELDER

From the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, April 20, 1955. Extracts from an editorial, "A Monument to Be." Some day there will be a magnificent highway the length of the Mississippi Valley. It will start in Minnesota and follow the great river downstream . . . Wisconsin, Iowa, the Missouri of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn, Illinois with its Nauvoo country, Cahokia, Fort Chartres and Kaskaskia, Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Louisiana—all will have their parts in this great thoroughfare along the river that sweeps into the Gulf of Mexico. When that day comes and the highway is complete, the nation will have in effect a memorial to Albert P. Greensfelder, national and civic planner. The progress on his idea is a testimonial to his vision, hard work, and persuasive powers. St. Louisans can be grateful that he was a citizen of their community. Missouri History Not Found in Textbooks 411

TO "MOBE" OR NOT TO "MOBE"?

From the Columbia Missouri Herald, July 28, 1899.

A short name for the automobile is troubling many persons. The present four syllables appear to be overexacting, and as some are inclined to extend it to five by pronouncing mobile "mobilee," it is urged that the matter should be decided at once. In England, self-propeller, autocar, and motor vehicle have been suggested, but without satisfying results. In this country, motor carriage, autocarriage, and motor vehicle have been brought forward with a like reception. The Boston Herald remarks that as trisyllabic bicycle was abbreviated into "bike," the probability is that eventually quadrisyllabic automobile will shrink into "mobe." Purists will, of course, kick, as they did when cabriolet faded into "cab," telephone into "phone," and pantaloons into "pants"; but brevity is the soul of wit, and what's in a name, after all? "To mobe or not to mobe—that is the question. "BORDER CITY" LEADS THE WAY

From the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Feb. 12, 1955. Editorial taken from the Christian Science Monitor. The third major previously segregated city, St. Louis, has taken its second and sizable step toward desegregation of its public schools. Last September the city ceased drawing the color line at its teacher colleges. With the opening of the second semester students are attending high schools according to geo­ graphical districting, not race. St. Louis, it should be noted, is a border city. It is joined by five bridges across the Mississippi with Illinois, unsegregated for nearly 100 years. The two races long ago had found a generally peaceful basis of accommodation. As in most American cities, the Negro population is concentrated. A purely geographi­ cal redisricting, therefore, has not mixed the races greatly one way or the other. Many rural areas lack this condition. But St. Louis prepared its people mentally. Its two newspapers favored orderly desegregation. The prospect was freely discussed in the schools, in public forums, and from the pulpit. Many communities can do that.

TO EACH HIS OWN

From the Richmond, Virginia, News Leader, January, 1955. Sent to the Society by Mrs. Cecil B. Taylor of Clifton Forge, Virginia. Editor, The News Leader: In today's News Leader [January 20] there is a story on the fact that Missourians are planning to honor the great Confederate cavalry leader, Major-General Jo Shelby, of Missouri, about whom I wrote a book, with a monument in Kansas City or Jefferson City, the capital; which is very nice, but the headline says "Missouri Plans to Honor Virginia's General Shelby!" Major-General Alfred Pleasanton, who organized the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac and fought Stuart in Virginia and Shelby in Missouri, did say, "Shelby was the best cavalry general of the South. Under other conditions he would have been one of the best in the world," but I had no idea Virginia would adopt him so quickly! 412 Missouri Historical Review

Shelby's grandmother was of the Virginia family of Bledsoes, about the time of the Revolution, but that's as close as he came to being a Virginian. He was a Kentuckian, and moved to Missouri as a young man. I can hear the folks in Missouri now. The Virginians aren't satisfied with Lee, Jackson, Stuart, and Maury—they're claiming Jo Shelby too!—Daniel O'Flaherty.

IN THE DAYS OF THE MCGUFFEY READER

From the Buffalo Reflex, January 27, 1955. Extracts from an article by Walter A. Coon, "Private School at Urbana in 1873." In the summer of 1873 a number of young men and young women petitioned William Benton Coon and John Polk Andrews to teach a private school at Ur­ bana, Missouri . . . The private school was started in the old Porter building on the main street of Urbana, where the building still stands as a monument to higher education in that vicinity. The school had an enrollment of 75 young men and women and increased to more than 100 and continued through 1873 and 1874. In fact the school had more students at that time than Drury College which started the same year ... John Polk Andrews was the son of Dr. Mark Andrews and Virginia Andrews who came from Virginia and settled at Buffalo, Missouri, about 1840 . . . It is said that his mother organized the first Sunday School in Buffalo, Missouri. She also taught a "pay school" in Buffalo . . . William Benton Coon came to Dallas County with his parents in a covered wagon from Indiana in 1850 when he was six years old . . . He was the first county superintendent of public schools in Dallas County about 1867-1868 . . . Both of these men surely left their imprint on the lives of many citizens during their lifetimes . . .

NOT ALL THE COMFORTS OF HOME

From the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Nov. 22, 1954.

Graham Cave [near Mineola, Missouri] was discovered as a source of arti­ facts in 1890 by Dr. Franklin Graham, son of the original settler of the farm, Dr. Robert Graham. The father came to Missouri from Christian County, Ky., in 1816 and bought the land grant along the Loutre River from Daniel M. Boone, son of the famous frontiersman. Boone was a frequent visitor to the Graham home, for the farm was not far off the Boones Lick Trail . . . The last known occupancy of the cave occurred sometime before 1850. Dr. Graham gave a French-Indian permission to use the cave one winter. Foster built a crude log hut inside the cave mouth and there he lived with his wife and child. The rigors of the winter were too great for the cave inhabitants, even with the protection afforded by it, for they all took sick and the child died. Foster and his wife moved in the spring. The cabin remained until destroyed by fire in 1940 . . . Findings up to the present date the cave back to more than 5000 years ago . . . Preliminary dating of the Graham Cave diggings place its occupancy in the Archaic period ... It is believed that a huge river had its banks near the mouth of Graham Cave when it was used as a dwelling . . . Traits from several different sources and ages have gone to make up the archaic culture of Graham Missouri History Not Found in Textbooks 413

Cave. Cataloging the recent findings from the cave will shed more light upon the dwellers of years gone by . . .

A BUDDING CELEBRITY SOON REACHED FULL BLOOM

From the Kansas City Daily Journal, June 6, 1882.

There was not so large an audience as had been expected at Board of Trade hall last evening to listen to the lecture by Dr. Geo. Riches of Kansas on the life of Jesse James . . . Mrs. James with her two children appeared on the stage . . . They were introduced by Dr. Riches, and were received by a slight applause. The widow appeared perfectly composed until the lecturer spoke of the death of her husband, when her grief was apparent. About half past 8 o'clock Mrs. Samuels, the mother of Jesse James, was ushered to a front seat. She was heavily veiled, and apparently in great grief. Bob Ford was also present. The lecture was made up entirely of incidents in the life of the subject. His boyhood days were described and his connection with certain robberies. Mr. Riches acknowledged a number of deeds of which Jesse was guilty. Others in which the criminal has been reported as being interested, the speaker referred to, stating that it was claimed that Jesse was there. Nothing new concerning the life of the man was brought out . . . Early this morning the party, consisting of Mrs. James and her children, together with the lecturer and an agent, will leave for Holden, Mo., where the second lecture will be delivered tonight. The party will then continue their lecture tour to the Eastern cities.

FIRST STEAMBOAT WRECK ON THE MISSOURI

From the Missouri Historical Review, Jan., 1932, p. 188. The year 1819 inaugurated the first use of steamboats on the Missouri River, and it also marked the first wreck to take place on that stream. The steamboat Thomas Jefferson was wrecked near Cote sans Dessein in what is now Callaway County in the latter part of July or the first part of August of 1819. Only two months before, on May 28, 1819, the first steamboat to ascend the Missouri, the Independence, landed at Franklin, opposite the present site of Boonville. Writers have generally stated that the Thomas Jefferson was wrecked in June of 1819, but contemporary accounts do not confirm this statement. The Missouri Intelligencer at Franklin, on August 13, 1819, reported that the steamer had been laid up for about eight or ten days; and a week later, it was reported that the steamer had been abandoned. It is almost certain, then, that the first steamboat wreck on the Missouri River occurred either the last of July or the first part of August of 1819. The boat was a side-wheeler, and was sunk by a snag. The Thomas Jefferson was one of the boats being used in the expedition under Major S. H. Long, popularly called the Yellowstone Expedition of 1819-20. Long's expedition to the Rocky Mountains was designed to establish military posts on the Upper Missouri to protect fur traders, control Indians, and counter­ act the influence of British trading companies. 414 Missouri Historical Review

MISSOURI'S STRUGGLE FOR STATEHOOD MAKES TRUMAN'S BIG TEN

From The New Yorker, April 7, 1951. Extracts from the first of a series of articles on former President Truman by John Hersey. ... In Kansas City I had met a Western District Court judge named Albert Ridge, who told me that during the days after the First World War, when he and other ex-artillerymen used to loiter in the Truman & Jacobson haberdashery store, at Seventeenth and Baltimore, Harry Truman, the captain of his old battery, had kept urging him to improve himself. One of the things Truman had done, Ridge said, was give him a list of ten books that any young fellow who wanted to get ahead ought to read. "That's right," the President said. "I'd forgotten about that list for Al. It's true. He'd been a private in my battery, and he came to me during that time after the war—he was studying the law; he wanted to educate himself— and we had a balcony up over the store, and I used to send him up there to work on his books nights, when the other boys were just horsing around, and once he asked me for a list of ten important books to read, to help him get ahead. Al did improve himself, too: he passed his bar exams, made a fine record as a lawyer, and now he's a federal circuit judge out home. I can't remember now what the ten books were." "Judge Ridge is hazy about them, too, now," I said. "He does remember Plutarch's Lives, Bunker Bean, and a book called Missouri's Struggle for State­ hood." "Those sound right, for a starter," the President said.

CREDIT MISSOURI WITH ANOTHER "FIRST"

From the Carthage Evening Press, October 31, 1954. Mrs. Annie White Baxter of Carthage was elected county clerk of Jasper county just 64 years ago . . . Her election attracted nation-wide interest for the excellent reason that she was believed to be the first woman ever elected to public office in the United States. Women in every county in Missouri and every state in the union thrilled to her success. Annie was a Democrat, and this was a Republican county. But she defeated her Republican opponent, Julius Fischer, by a vote of 3,720 to 3,266. After the election the question was raised as to whether or not a woman was eligible to hold office. The courts said that she was. She was sworn in and served her four- year term as county clerk . .* . . . . She was an excellent county clerk, too. It is said that she conducted her office at less expense than any man had and that the office during her regime yielded twice as much revenue per year as it ever had before . . . A male Republican, with whom she had not been popular, said of her term of office in his later life: "When Annie Baxter was county clerk she pretty well ran this county." He probably didn't mean that for praise but it might be taken so. If Annie ran the county those four years she did a good job of it because there seems to have been a reasonably sensible and successful administration. Missouri History Not Found in Textbooks 415

CRANE'S TAVERN

From the Jefferson City Sunday News-Tribune, October 31, 1954. Extracts from an article by Hugh P. Williamson.

A traveler across Missouri in April, 1849 [Captain J. A. Pritchard of Ken­ tucky], mentions in his journal a number of . . . taverns. One is . . . Crane's, where Pritchard states that he passed the night of April 16, 1849. This old tavern is still standing, although in a state of delapida- tion. It is about one mile and a half west of Mineola, which is on the Loutre River, in Montgomery County. It is about 200 yards south of the highway, from which it is plainly visible. It stands on a high ridge which runs in a generally east-west direction. The building, which fronts south, is approximately 40 feet long and 17 wide. The distance from the ground to the eaves is 15 feet, and from the ground to the comb, 20 feet. It is built of hewn oak logs whose average measurements are 12 by 10 inches. It is roofed with clapboards. The interior consists of two large rooms divided by a partition wall in which there is a connecting door. In the center of the wall is a chimney, whose measurements are seven feet six inches by five feet six inches, built of flat limestone rock. A large fireplace, built into each side of the chimney, is located in the east end of the west room and in the west end of the east room. A loft runs the entire length and breadth of the building, and is reached by a winding, inclosed staircase located at the far end of each room. A large, covered porch until recently extended from the north side of the building. A well is located a few feet to the southwest ...... Today it is a disintegrating ruin, abandoned by men and open to the elements . . .

FIXING "LITTLE DIXIE"

From an editorial in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, November 28, 1954. How many counties make up Missouri's "Little Dixie"? The question came up some time ago when we were preparing a prefatory note to a column of Mis­ souri verse . . . and has been on our conscience ever since. . . . The leading scholar on the whereabouts of "Little Dixie" is Robert M. Crisler, and the leading article on the subject is a summary of Mr. Crisler's findings in the January, 1948, issue of the Missouri Historical Review . . . Mr. Crisler, a native of "Little Dixie," decided to poll a substantial number of representative Missourians and tabulate the counties they would include. Among figures solicited were Forrest Smith, H. J. Blanton, Curtis A. Betts, Clarence Cannon, Cance A. Pool, Albert M. Clark, William L. Bradshaw, L. M. White, and Robert W. Winn. Here are the results: 17 votes for Audrain, Calla­ way, and Monroe Counties; 16 for Boone County; 15 for Howard and Randolph Counties; 11 for Pike and Ralls Counties; 9 for Chariton County; 8 for Shelby County; 6 for Lincoln and Marion Counties; 5 for Saline County; 3 for Clay, Platte, and Ray Counties; 2 for Lafayette County; and 1 each for Carroll, Jackson, Lewis, and Macon Counties. . . . Counties receiving the largest number of votes are pretty well concen­ trated north of the Missouri River in a generally central part of the state. But if the eastern and western reaches are included, the area spreads from the Illinois 416 Missouri Historical Review

boundary on the east to Kansas on the west. Who settled "Little Dixie," why they have voted as they have, how they like their corn bread—these matters we leave to another occasion. Today it is enough to fix "Little Dixie," and by fix we mean to situate it on the map. We have no thought of correcting "Little Dixie" today or any other day!

THE UNION NAVY GOT THIS HELPING HAND FROM MISSOURI

From Port Chatter, December, 1953. Sent by James E. Hubbard, Board of Com­ missioners of Port of New Orleans.

It was one of those hot early mornings in August . . . 1864, when a fleet of 14 wooden ships . . . and 4 ironclad monitors . . . began its advance on Mobile Bay ... As the Tecumseh emerged from the narrows the [Confederate] ironclad Tennessee was there to meet her . . . Aboard the [Federal] flagship Hartford, Farragut . . . had climbed to the rigging, going higher and higher to get a view of the fleet . . . The fleet forged ahead, the monitors still doing a dogged job of protecting the wooden ships . . . One of these monitors, a double turreted monitor . . . was under command of Lt. Commander George H. Perkins. She was the Chickasaw ...... At the upper end of Mobile Bay . . . while Farragut was debating

his next move a cry came from the top mast; "the Tennessee is coming back up the bay." . . . This was all that Perkins was waiting for . . . The Chickasaw moved out to keep her date with destiny and glory. Behind her the Federal fleet moved slowly toward the Tennessee. The Chickasaw ran past the heavy ironclad, firing her four 11 inch guns point blank. Quickly she reloaded and turned coming up underneath the stern of the Tennessee.

"Tenacious Little Chickasaw'' (Upper Left) Hammering at the Tennessee in Battle of Mobile Bay Missouri History Not Found in Textbooks 417

The tenacious little Chickasaw kept hammering away at the stern and port quarter casemates of the Tennessee and gradually they began to dent the heavy armor, jamming the gun ports closed ... In a short time [the Tennessee] . . . was forced to surrender. The next day . . . the Chickasaw engaged in the bombardment of Fort Gaines, and the following day it surrendered. Two weeks later the Chickasaw played an important role in the bombardment of Fort Morgan and on the 23rd Morgan surrendered . . . What has become of the glories of that heroic day? . . . She's still afloat, and in service in the port . . . Built near St. Louis, at the ship yards of James Eads, the Chickasaw was launched Feb. 10, 1864, one of six ironclads built by contract to the government . . . After her historic battle the Chickasaw continued service with the Navy until September 12, 1874, when she was sold at auction to a Mr. D. Campbell for $8,350, and used for several years as a coal barge . . . In 1881 . . . she was converted into the transfer boat, or railway ferry Gouldsborough and continued duty . . . until retired, October 1st, 1942 ... In 1944 she became the prop­ erty of Captain Billy Bisso, to be used as a general duty deck barge . . . For all we know [she'll] still be going when she reaches 100. Editor's note: This is an account of the famous Battle of Mobile Bay, August 5, 1864, in which Admiral David G. Farragut ordered full speed, was warned, "Torpedoes ahead!" and replied, "Damn the torpedoes!" Mobile Bay is 30 miles from the gulf and was protected by Fort Morgan on the east side and Fort Gaines on the west side three miles away. The four ironclads led the Federal fleet through the narrow channel past Fort Morgan and the Confederate Ten­ nessee, followed by the fourteen wooden ships lashed in pairs. The Chickasaw was hit three times in the battle. James B. Eads, famous Missouri river engineer noted for the construction of Eads Bridge in St. Louis, built the Chickasaw in his St. Louis shipyards. He was called to Washington by President Lincoln in 1861 for advice on how the Union could best utilize the western rivers. He proposed the construction of a fleet of armor-plated, steam-propelled gunboats, and when his bid was accepted he delivered seven vessels of 600 tons each within 100 days. During the course of the war Eads built fourteen armored gunboats, four heavy mortor boats, and converted seven transports into "tin-clads." The seven built in 1861 under the first contract won battles before the famous Monitor and Merrimac were even ready for service. The appearance of the Merrimac, completed early in 1862, greatly resembled the Eads ironclads which had appeared on the Mississippi River. The St. Louis, the first of the seven gunboats built under the 1861 con­ tract, was the first ironclad built in America.

MISSOURI HISTORICAL DATA IN MAGAZINES

American Archivist, April, 1955: "The Harry S. Truman Library," by David D. Lloyd; "The Federal Records Center, St. Louis: Personnel Files and Fiscal Records," by Everett O. Alldredge. Bulletin Missouri Historical Society, April, 1955: "The New Jerusalem Church in Missouri," by Ophia D. Smith; "Memories of a Long Life in St. Louis," Part II, by Dr. Robert James Terry; "The Beginnings of the Episcopal 418 Missouri Historical Review

Church in Missouri, 1819-1844," by the Rev. Charles F. Rehkopf; "Port­ folio of Early Episcopal Churches in Missouri,"; "The Diary of William H. Ashley," Part III, edited by Dale L. Morgan. Courier Magazine, Feb.-March, 1955: "The Jesse Wrench Story," by Edna Albrecht. Greene County Medical Society Bulletin, Feb., 1955: "Could It Happen Here?" by Dr. W.J. Marshall.

Journal of the Missouri Bar, Feb., 1955: "Lincoln's Part in a Plea for Clemency to the Governor of Missouri," by Hugh P. Williamson.

Midwest Folklore, Winter, 1954: "Bloodstoppers in the Ozarks," by Otto Ernest Rayburn. Midwest Journal, Fall, 1954: "Thomas Hart Benton on Art." Montana: the Magazine of Western History, Spring, 1955: "Sesquicentennial Remembrances: the Lewis and Clark Expedition as Seen Through the Eyes of the Indians in the Northern Rocky Mountains," by Ella E. Clark. Nebraska History, Dec, 1954: "Steamboating on the Missouri River," by William J. Petersen. Ozarchaeologist, March, 1955: "The Geology of the Fellows Lake Area," by Thomas R. Beveridge; "Man—10,000 Years Ago," by Marvin E. Tong, Jr. Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia, Dec, 1954: "The Formative Years of Catholic Colleges Founded before 1850 and Still in Existence as Colleges and Universities," by Dr. Edward J. Power. [St. Joseph] Museum Graphic, Winter, 1955: "A History of Typographical Union No. 40," by Bartlett Boder. Southern Observer, April, 1955: "Missouri Since 1900," by Chester A. Bradley. Twainian, March-April, 1955: "Mark Twain's Quest," by Mark Twain; "Mark Twain and the Foster Case." INDEX TO VOLUME XLIX

The names of members of the State Historical Society of Missouri who have obtained new members for the Society and the names of the new members themselves have not been listed individually in this index. References to the list of members are to be found under the heading State Historical Society of Missouri, membership.

Amusements, pioneer, art. on, noted, 83 A. C. Bird (steamboat), 395 Anderson, Benjamin H., obit., 405 Abbott, Mrs. Julia Herndon, 283 Anderson, George W., 135 Abbott Laboratories, 173 Anderson, James, 170,176 Abernethy, Thomas Perkins, The Burr Anderson, Sherwood, 231 Conspiracy, 399-400 Anderson, William G., obit., 91 Academic degrees, honorary, history Anderson House, Lexington, 259-60, of, 55 377 Academy of the Christian Brothers. Andreas, A. T., quoted, 53-54 See Christian Brothers College Andrews, Belle Boynton, obit., 405 Academy of the Sacred Heart, St. Charles, Andrews, John Polk, 412 264, 269-71 Andrews, Mark, 412-13 Acre, Harry F., Jr., art. by, noted, 191 Andrews, Mrs. Virginia, 412 Adair, la., Jesse James train robbery Ann Arbor, Mich., art. on, listed, 315 at, 81, monument to, 81 Anna Laurie Ceramics, Pico, Calif., Adam-ondi-Ahman (Adam's Conse­ 184 crated Land), Mo., 250-51 Annals of Kansas, 1886-1925, The, ed. Adams, Galen, verso t.p. Apr. issue by Kirke Mechem, 299 Adams, John S., outside back cover, Anniversaries, 73-76, 176-79, 284, 386- Apr. issue 87 Adams, John Quincy, 133 "Annual Meeting of the State Historical Adams, W. Ei, 384 Society of Missouri, 1954," by Floyd Adamson, Don O., 71 C. Shoemaker, 147-52 African Colonization Society, 212 Anthony, Mr. and Mrs. Dallas D., 383 Agee, W. D., art. by, noted, 398 Anthony, Susan B., 100 Agnew, David T., 73 Anti-Slavery Society, 53 Aker, Mrs. E. G., 72, 386; picture of, Anton, P. G.,Sr.,385 noted, 84 Anville.J.B.B. d', 111 Albany, Mo., Carnegie Public Library, Anxiety IV (bull), 223 382 Applegate, Phyllis, 287 Albert, J. W., 281 Arabia (steamboat), 52 Albrecht, Edna, art. by, noted, 394, Arcadia, Mo., founded, 118; Home for listed, 418 Aged Baptists, 118; Methodist Episco­ Alderman, James R., 389-90 pal Arcadia High School, 118 Alexander, John, art. by, noted, 293 Arcadia Valley, 117 Alexander, Joshua W., 251 Archaeology of Mo., 143-46, 174, 185, Alldredge, Everett O., art. by, listed, 417 192, 392, 397; Mississippi Period in, Allen, BirtS., obit., 91 146; arts, on, listed, 216,314 Allen, Clayton W., 71 Architecture in Mo., pictures of, noted, Allen, Ebenezer, 393 86 Allen, Mrs. Emily Guitar, 357 Arkansas, casualties at Battle of Frank­ Allen, Henry Watkins, 102 lin, Tenn., 128 n.; native-born who Allen, Hugh, donor, 291 settled in Mo., 129 Alley, Elwood, 289 Arkansas Territory, 324 Allison, Guy, art. by, quoted, 312 Armijio, Manuel, 27, 28 Allston, Washington, 209 Arndt, William F., verso t.p. July issue; Almonte, Juan, 26-27 donor, 390 Almstedt, Hermann B., obit., 201 Arnold, Vaun, art. by, noted, 86 Altenburg, Mo., Trinity Lutheran Arrow Rock, Mo., historical marker, Church, 109, 110; historical marker 76-77, 111, 148, 172, 250; cemetery, at, 108, 110, 148, 250, 342; history of, 110; courthouse, 172; "one man jail," 109 172 Amazonia, Mo., incorporated, 1858, Arrow Rock Academy, museum, 110 189; centennial of, 1958, 369 Arrow Rock Tavern, 77, 110 (illus.), American Art Union, New York City, Ill; art. on route to, noted, 85-86; 209 picture of, noted, 189 American Assoc, for State and Local Articles of Confederation, 319 History, 106,161 Ash Grove, Mo., 353 American Fur Company, 348 Ashebran's iron furnace, 118 American Museum of Natural History, Asher, Mrs. Byrd, donor, 74 New York, 191 Ashley, William Henry, outside front American Royal, 188 cover, Jan. issue, 121, 197, 221; grave American School of Osteopathy. See of, 110; diary of, listed, 215, 314, 418 Kirksville College of Osteopathy and Assemblies of God Church, Evangel Surgery College, Springfield, 285 419 420 Missouri Historical Review

Astor, John Jacob, 197, 404 Bates County, founding of, 81 Atchison, David Rice, 198; and Kansas, Baxter, Mrs. Annie White, art. on, 414 47, 50, 52 Bay, J. Christian, collection, verso b.c. Atchison County, early history of, Jan. issue, inside back cover, July noted,390 issue Atchison (Kan.) Globe, founded, 85 Bay, William Van Ness, 357 Atherton, Lewis, Main Street on the Bayard, Ralph F., verso t.p. Apr. issue Middle Border, 194-95 Beall, William N.R., 51 Atkinson, J. R., 355-56 Beals, Carleton, Stephen F. Austin: Atomic bomb, 298 Father of Texas, 403 Audrain County, horse shows in, 188 Beatty, Mollie, 410 Audrain County Historical Society, 151, Beauvais House, St. Joseph, 350 173,381; museum of, planned, 381 Beaverville, Mo., 242-43 Audubon, John James, 192, 349, 352, Beck, Franklin, 410 402 Becker, Mr. and Mrs. Francis C, donors, Augusta, Mo., incorporated, 1855, 189; 151 centennial of, 368 Becknell, William, 19, 111, 112, 225, 392 Augusta College, Ky., 155 Beckwith, Mrs. Catherine (Hunter), Aull, Elizabeth (Presbyterian) Seminary, 66 259 Beckwith, Newman,66 Aureomycin, production of, from Mo. Bedford, Thomas P., 287 soil, art. on, noted, 192 Behnken, John W., 74 Austin, Moses, 223 Belcher, Alvis, 224 Austin, Stephen Fuller, 218, 223; book Belden, Henry Marvin, obit., 91; book on,403 by, noted, 389 Austin, William G., 176 Belknap, Charles, obit., 303 Auswanderungs-Gesellschaft (emigration Bellamann, Henry, King's Row, 232, 234, society), 109 236-37; (co-auth.), Parris Mitchell of Avalon College, 355 King's Row, 328,337,339 Bellamann, Katherine (co-auth.), Parris B Mitchell of King's Row, 328, 337, 339 Bailey, Mrs. Eutopia O., thesis by, 68; Beliefontain e Methodist Church, 386 "The Small Town in Twentieth Bemiss, J. M.,73 Century Missouri Fiction," 230-48, Bennett, William, 224 273, Part II, 328-41 Bennick, Walter E., obit., 303 Bailey, H.H., obit., 406 Benson, Robert J., 176 Bailey, Johnathan N., 359 Bent, Charles, 218, 221, 222, 225, 228, Baillie.A. S.,179 401 Bain, Jack M., thesis by, 70 Bent, William, 218, 221, 222, 225, 401 Baker, Mrs. Craig, 397 Benton, Maecenas E., 135 Baker, Fred, art. by, noted, 184 Benton, Thomas Hart (artist), 173, 217; Baker, Sam A., State Park, 387 exhibit of paintings by, noted, 151, Bald Knobbers, 383 180; murals by, 254, 392; birthplace Baldwin, Joseph, 258 of, 344; art. on listed, 418; collection, Bancroft, H. H., 88 verso t.p. Jan. issue, inside b.c. July Bankhead, Mrs. Grace, 283 issue Banta, Byron, 386 Benton, Thomas Hart (senator), 23, 206, Baptist Bible College, 353 218, 265, 393; received honorary Baptist Church degree, 55; thesis on, 70; sketch of, —Bethel, 115, art. on, noted, 292 133-35; duel with Jackson, 134; story —Boonville, 174 concerning, 310-11; duel with Lucas, —Columbia, 147 395 —early minister, 137 Bent's Fort, by David Lavender, 401 —Flintlock, 72,172, 386 Bequet-Ribault, Jean, House, Ste. —Liberty, at McFall, 74 Genevieve, 352 —Mt. Zion, 287 Berninghaus, O. E., mural by, 352 —St. Charles, early, 347 (illus.) —Tywappity, Cape Girardeau, 129 Berry, Brewton, 143 —Whitesville, Andrew County, 75 Berry, James Brewton. See Berry, Baptist Female College, 259 Brewton Barada, A. S., obit., 303 Berry, Taylor, 395; art. on, 357-59 Barker, Mrs. Fannie (Loeb), 64 Bertermann, Eugene R., 282 Barker, John T., 393 Bessler-Pettis, Charles W., 396 Barnhill, Frank Clinton, verso t.p. Bessler-Pettis, Mrs. Charles W., 396 Oct. issue and Apr. issue, 149, 173, Bethel, Alan, donor, 289 177; trustee, 77; arts, by, noted, 86 Bethel, Elinor Baur, 289 Barrett, Mary Helen, verso t.p. July Bethel Baptist Church, 115; art. on, issue noted,292 Barron, Mrs. J. W., obit., 91 Betts, Curtis A., 415 Barth, Moses, 388 Beveridge, Thomas R., arts, by, listed, Bartlett, E. O., 255 104,418 Barton, David, 111, 133, 134, 380; Bevier, Mo., centennial, 1956,189, 368 quoted, 357-58 Bidwell, John, art. on, noted, 86 Barton, Sarah. See Murphy, Mrs. Bieber, Ralph P., trustee, 147, 280-81 Sarah (Barton) Big Oak State Park, art. on, noted, 192 Barton Constitution. See Constitution, Big Spring State Park, 78 1820 Billy the Kid. See Bonney, William H. Barton County, founding of, 81; cen­ Bingham, George Caleb, 112, 209, 217, tennial of, 368,380 402; home, 110, 172, 386; art. on' Basil (son of Sacajawea), 85 noted, 185; art. on paintings of, noted, Bates, Frederick, 358 188-89; paintings by, noted, 191-92, Index 421

253, 267, 268 (illus.), 269; art. on, gravesite, 113-14 (illus.); at Ft. Osage 267-69 (illus.)', paintings by, loaned, outside front cover, Jan. issue, 121; 151-52,180, 279; book on, noted, 381 sons of, 110, 313; death and burial, Bingham, Mrs. George Caleb, portraits 218-20; monument to, Franklin, Tenn., of, noted, 185 220 (illus.); art. on, 313 Bingham, Henry Vest, 112 Boone, Daniel Morgan, 50,113, 256, 412 Bingham: Fighting Artist, by Lew Boone, Fay, 101 Larkin, 195-96, noted, 185, 381 Boone, Jemima. See Callaway, Mrs. Binns, Walter Pope, 77 Jemima (Boone) Birbeck, Robert, art. by, noted, 397 Boone, John William (Blind), 238, 388 Bird, Abraham, 66 Boone, Nathan, 113, 114; home, 113 Bird, Nancy. See Hunter, Mrs. Nancy (illus.), 347; grave of, 353 (Bird) Boone, Mrs. Olive (VanBibber), 353 Birkhead, Leon M., obit., 303 Boone, Mrs. Rebecca (Bryan), 113-14; Bishop, Edmund Ward, 283, 345, 385, monument at first gravesite, 113-14 387 (illus.); death of, 219 Bishop, Erma R., obit., 202 Boone, Squire, 101 Bissell, Daniel, 323 Boone, William, 218 Bisso, Billy, 417 Boone County, courthouse, 212, arts, Black Arline, art. by, noted, 294, listed, on, noted, 292; archaeological survey 314 of, 143 Black, Henry, thesis by, 69 Boon's Lick Country, 106,110,116, 326 Black Hawk War, 13 n., 23,27 n. Boon's Lick Trail, 113, 313, 412; histori­ Blaine, James G., 266 cal markers on, 105, 117; end of, 112; Blair, David Ellmore, obit., 303 beginning of, 347 Blair, Francis P., 3-7, 13, 141; given Boonslick Historical Society, 77, 174; authority to promote Lyon, 14; at tour, 172-73,381 Planters House meeting, 15 (illus.) Boonville, Mo., early history of, 111-12; Blair, James T., 135 Thespian Hall, 111 (illus.), 286; Blair, Jessie, 393 Episcopal Church, 111; Missouri Train­ Blake, Leonard W., 175 ing School for Boys, 111; historical Blanchette, Louis, 347 markers, 112, 148, 250, 285-86, 342; Bland, Richard Parks (Silver Dick), Baptist Church, 174; Library, Read­ art. on, 361-62 (illus.); campaign ing Room, and Thespian Assoc, ribbon of, 362 (illus.); "Parting of incorp., 379; Thespian Hall built, the Ways" speech, 362; statue of, 379; Grand Lodge of Mo., Order of 362 Good Templars, first lodge of, in Mo., Bland, William C, 67 379 Blanton, Edgar P., 280 Boonville, Battle of, 16, 111; historical Blanton, H. J. (Jack), 415; honored, 179; marker, 285 office of, 247 (illus.) ; obit., 280,303 Boot Heel Doctor, by Fannie Cook, 234, Blanton, Mrs. Mary (Powell), 280 235,244 Blasche, Mrs. Fred, verso t.p. Jan. issue, "Boot Heel" of Mo., 345 287 Border ruffians, 5, 47, 49, 52 Bledsoe, Clarence E., obit., 406 Border troubles, 1855, 261 Bledsoe family, 412 Borron, John A., 264; arts, by, 269-72, Bless.Mrs.J. B.,283 360,365-67 "Bloodstoppers in the Ozarks," art. Boudreau, Olivia C, verso t.p. Apr. listed, 418 issue Blow, Susan Elizabeth, art. on, 36-37 Boulicault, Marcel, 376-77. Erratum (illus.) Boulicoult Blue Country, 253 Bounous, Blaine La von, thesis by, 70 Blue lodges, 47, 51-52 Bourbon Democracy of the Middle West, Blumenschein, E. L., picture by, 120 1865-1896, by Horace Samuel Merrill, (illus.) 200 Blumenthal, Walter Hart, Rendezvous Bourgmont, Etienne Veniard de, 119-20, with Chance: How Luck Has Shaped 220,256 History, 301 Bovard, Oliver Kirbey, book on, 298-99 Blythe, Billy, 255 Bovard of the Post-Dispatch, by James W. Blytheville, Mo., See Joplin Markham, 298-99 Boder, Bartlett, 72-73, 176, 208; arts. Bowdry, Mrs. W. P., picture of, noted, by, listed, 104, 216,418, noted, 395 185 Boder, Mrs. Vera, 208 Bowers, E. W., donor, 392-93 Bodmer, Charles, 188, 402 Bowers, Joe, 176 Boggs, LilburnW., 156,253 Bowker, R. R., book on, 200-01 Bogy, Lewis V., 352 Bowling Green, Mo., 262; Presbyterian Bolduc, Louis, House, Ste. Genevieve, Church, 176 352 Boyd, J. O., obit., 91 Boler, Kit, 142 Boyd, Semphronius H., 135 , Boles, Warren M., obit., 91 Boyer, Mary Joan, arts, by, noted, 83; Boiling, Richard, verso t.p. Jan. issue The Old Gravois Coal Diggings, 404- Bollinger, George Frederick, 78-79 05 Bollinger, Samuel, 385 Brackenridge, Henry Marie, outside Bologna, Italy, university of, 55 front cover, Jan. issue, 121, 352 Bolton, Herbert Eugene,149-50 Bradbury, John, 105 n., outside front Bond, Henry Whitelaw, 135 cover, Jan. issue, 121 Bonney, William H., art. on,listed, 104 Bradford, Charles M., 172 Boone, Daniel, 101, 106, 111, 113 (illus.), Bradley, Chester A., 189, 386; arts, by, 116, 121, 317, 347, 353, 403; thesis on, noted, 86, 396, listed, 418 70; as a Texan, 99; marker, 108, 114, Bradley, Omar, 217, 246 n. 148, 250, 342; home where he died, Bradshaw, William L., verso t.p. Jan. 113-14 (illus.); monument at first issue, 148,296,415 422 Missouri Historical Review

Braille Institute of America, 356 Burr, Aaron, art. on, listed, 104; book Brand, Jean, art. by, 153,154-55 on, 399-400 Brangwyn, Frank, 254 Burr Conspiracy, The, by Thomas Perkins Branham, Robert T., obit., 202 Abernethy, 399-400 Branson, Jacob, 49-50 Burr-Wilkinson intrigue, 319-20; art. on, Brashear, Minnie M., verso t.p. Apr. listed 104; book on, 399-400 issue Burroughs, John, 384 Bray, Mrs. Lynn, 67 Burrowes, Arthur V., trustee, 147 Bray, Robert T., 174, 392 Burton, Clarence Monroe, book on, 90 Bray, William A., 67 Burton, Patricia Owens, Clarence Monroe Breckenridge, George, 83 Burton, Detroit's Historian, 90 Breckinridge, John C, 6 Buschmann, Harry A., obit., 202 Breech, Ernest R., 55, 56 Bush, George R.,383 Brenton, M., 288; donor, 151 Butcher, Ralph E., 281, verso t.p. July Bridger, James, 221 issue Bridges Butler, Joe Beaty, obit.,406 —Boonville, 112 Butler, Mo., centennial, 1956, 189, 368 —Cape Girardeau, 116 Butterfield, John, Jr., 214 —covered, 79 Butterfield, John, Sr., Overland Mail, —Eads, 351; painting of, noted, 290 art. on, 214-15 —Gasconade, disaster, 380 Butterfield, Roger P., 385 —Jefferson City, 254 Butterfield Overland Mail, 353, 383; —Kansas City, 257 proposed centennial, 174 —Lexington, 260 Butterfield stage, art. on, noted, 395 —Liberty, 260 Byars, Forrest, 176 —Louisiana, 262 Byars, William Vincent, 360 —Mississippi River, 83 Byrd, Amos, 66 —St. Charles County, 348 Byrd, Mrs. Elise (Kochtitzky), 375 —St. Joseph, 349 Byrum, Paul R., obit., 92 —Thebes Railroad, art. on, noted, 291 Briggs, Charles H., donor, 181 Briggs, Corona H., 181 Bright, Haden H., obit., 91 Cairo (111.) Evening Citizen, "Souvenir Briney, R. Kip, 80 Bridge edition," noted, 82-83 Bringhurst, Robert P., 263 Caldwell, Samuel, 261 Brinkerhoff, F. W., verso t.p. Jan. issue Calfee, E. L., art. by, noted, 397-98 Broadwell, William B,, 102 Calhoun, John C, 127 Brockelmann, Emmy Ross,obit., 406 California, Bear Flag of, 227-28 (illus.) Brodie, Fawn M., donor, 310 Bear Flag Revolt in, 228 Brown, B. Gratz, thesis on, 70 California Trail, 348; book on, 88-89 Brown, Clarah Frances, verso t.p. July starting point of, 252 issue Callao, Mo., incorporated, 1858, 189 Brown, Edward, art. by, quoted, 209-10 centennial of, 1958, 369 Brown, John, 50, 53 Callaway, Flanders, 113, 218 Brown, Joseph N., 67 Callaway, Mrs. Jemima (Boone), 113, Brown, Mrs. Joy L., 74 218 Brown, Lawrence (Shakespeare), art. on, Calling of Dan Matthews, The, by Harold noted,293 Bell Wright, 234, 235, 239, 329-31, Brown, Omer, 72 335,337 Brown, Mrs. R. A., 85 Cameron, Allen, 295 Brownlow, Louis, A Passion for Politics; Cameron, Simon, 14-15 the Autobiography of Louis Brownlow, Cameron, Mo., centennial, 1956, 189, First Half 405 368 "Brush-arbor" meetings, 177, 328-29 Camino Real. See King's Highway Bruun, James A., verso t.p. Apr. issue Camp Crowder, 344 Bryan, Eliza, quoted, 325 Camp Highly, 397 Bryan, Rebecca. See Boone, Mrs. Camp Jackson, 351; established, 8, 9; Rebecca (Bryan) flag of, 9 (illus.); Lyon determined to Bryan,William Jennings, 361 seize, 10-11; captured, 11-12; results Bryant,Pascal G., 296 of capture, 12-13 (illus.) Bryant, William Cullen, 5 Camp Leavenworth, Kan., 22 Bryson, John, 261 Campbell, D., 417 Buchanan, James, 160, 350 Campbell, David, 255 Buchanan County, Pro-Slavery Aid Campbell, J. T.,296 Society, 51; formed, 350 Campbell, John P., 138 Buck, Willa D., 149 Campbell House, St. Louis, museum in, Buckland,Wilfred, 230 n. 351 Bucklin, James H., 74 Campbell, Mo. See Springfield Bucklin, Mo., centennial, 73-74; cen­ Camp-meetings, first in Mo., 136 tennial ash trays, 184 Canfield, Dorothy, 231 Buckner, Alexander, 116 Cannon, Clarence, 55, 56, 415 Buckner, Mo., historical marker, outside "Canvassing for a Vote" (Bingham front cover, Jan. issue (illus.), 122,171 painting), art. on, noted, 188-89; Buford, Jefferson, 51-52 purchase of, by Nelson Gallery, 189; Bullard, Artemus, 99 art. on and picture of, noted, 189 Bullington, J. R., 170 Cap St. Cosme. See Grand Tower Burbank, Luther, 262 Island Burchard, Donald, 168 Cape Girardeau, Mo., early history of Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions, 201 115-16, 187; historical marker, 116, Burke, Mrs. H. P. S., 181 148, 250, 342; pictures of, noted, 187 Burke, Mrs. Jane (Calamity Jane), 300 Cape Girardeau County Historical Burnett, Peter H., 135,228 Society, 151 Index 423

Cape Girardeau District, 115,317-18 Central Overland California and Pike's Cape Girardeau Historical Society, 381 Peak Express Company, 173 Cape Girardeau Southeast Missourian, Central Wesleyan College, 114 50th centennial edition of, noted, 187 Chadwelt Bill (pseud. Wm. Stiles), 291 Capitals and capitols, Mo's temporary, Chaffee, Mo., Methodist Church, history 253, 347; first, 253; drawing of, 376-77 of, noted, 289 (illus.); second, 253; present one, Chamber of Commerce, State, sponsors 253-54 (illus.) teachers' tour, 82 Cappon, Lester J., art. by, listed, 104 Chamier, Richard, 179 Capps, Ernest L., 71, 190, 381 Chamois, Mo., centennial, 1956, 189, 368 Capps, Ransom, 224 Chandler, Mrs. O. B., 169 Captured by Indians; True Tales of Chandler, Zilpha^art. by, quoted, 208 Pioneer Survivors, by Howard H. Chaney, Audrey, 179 Peckham, 402-03 Chapel Hill College, 137 Carlson, C. Ray, 67 Chapman, Carl H., 173, 175, 397; "Mis­ Carlson, Kurt, pictures by, noted, 293 souri's Archaeological Site Survey," Carmichael, Carson G., verso t.p. Jan. 143-46; art. by, noted, 185, listed, issue 216,314 Carmichael, Emmett B., 177 Chappel, Alonzo, portrait by, 113 (illus.) Carnahan, J. M., obit., 92 Charbonneau, Baptiste, 85 Carpenter, D. B., obit., 202 Charles, Cecil M., 140 Carpenter, Garrett R., art. by, noted, Charleston, Mo., in Civil War, 98 291, listed, 314; donor, 291 Cheatham, Mrs. John T., 282 Carr, Nanon L., verso t.p. Oct. issue Chenoweth, Mrs. Ethel Ball, 71 Carroll, Nan, art. by, noted, 188 Chicago, 111., founder of, 182 Carson, Christopher (Kit), 112, 218, Chickasaw (steamboat),416-17 (illus.) 221 222 401 Children's Library Assoc, 180 Carson, Gerald, The Old Country Store, Chillicothe, Mo., Livingston County 404 Memorial Library, 174; incorporated, Carter, Mrs. Artie Mason, art. on, noted, 189; centennial of, 368 294 Chilton, O. W., 183 Carter, Clarence E., art. by, listed, 104 Chinese Geological Survey, 35 Chittim, James Madison, 224 Carterville, Mo., 256 Chouteau, Auguste P., 121, outside Carthage, Mo., historical markers front cover, Jan. issue planned, 286 Chouteau, Francois, 257 Carthage, Battle of, 286 Chouteau family, 221 Carver, George Washington, 218, 289, Chouteau's Post, 221 343; National Monument, 208, 286, Christ, Jesus, 145 343 Christian Brothers College, incorp., 380 Casey, John H., 168 Christian Church, Windsor, centennial, Cass, Lewis, 134 177 Cass County, founding of, 81; members Christian College, 116 in State Historical Society, 103 Churches, country, art. on, listed, 216 Cassville, Mo., Missouri Confederate Circuses, early, 334-35 (illus.) capital in, 343-44 City of Alton (steamboat), 7 Cather, Willa,231 Civil War, 298; in St. Louis, 1861, 1-16 Catholic Church (illus.); Dept. of the West, 7; Arrow —Colleges, art. on, listed, 418 Rock, 111; Columbia, 117; Western —Diocese of Kansas City, 284 Sanitary Commission, 139; guerrilla —first in Missouri Valley, 119 warfare, arts, on, noted, 183; Inde­ —Franciscan Fathers, 396 pendence, 253; Jefferson City, 254; —Lazarist Fathers, 77 Mo.'s Provisional Government in, —New Madrid, St. Isadore, 312; 254; Kansas City, 257; Liberty Land­ Immaculate Conception, 326-27 ing, 261, Confederate capitals of Mo., —St. Charles, 271 (illus.); St. Charles 343-44 (illus.); in Neosho, 343-44; Borromeo,347 attack on Island No. 10, 327 (illus.), —Society of the Sacred Heart, 269; 345; New Madrid, 345; Rolla, 346 convents and schools of, 269-71, (illus.); Springfield, 353-54 (illus.); 347,348 Gentry and Andrew counties, art. on, Catholic Indian Missions and Grant's noted, 397; ironclads in, 416-17 (illus.), Peace Polictf: 1870-1884, The, by see also Militia, Civil War battles Peter J. Rahill,201 Civil War battles Catlin, George, books on art of, noted, —Belmont, 345 402 —Boonville, 1861, 16, 111; historical Cattle industry, 298 marker, 285 Caulfield, Henry S., 296 —Cape Girardeau, 116 Cauthorn, Curtis P. (Jumps), obit., —Carthage, 286 406 —Franklin, Tenn., 128 Caves in Mo., Graham, 144-45 (illus.), —Kirksville, 258 192 —Lexington, 259-60, 377-78 (illus.); Cedar County, founding of, 81 reenacted, 377-78 Centennials, 368-69 —Mobile Bay (Ala.), 416-17 (illus.) Center Herald, art. on anniv. of, noted, —number in Mo. ,128 293 —Pea Ridge, Ark., 39, 183, 346 Central Bible Institute, 353 —pictures of, noted, 279-80 Central College, 137; grants honorary —Pilot Knob, 118 (illus.) degree to Floyd C. Shoemaker, 55, —Vera Cruz, 183 374; sponsors teachers' tour, 82; cen­ —Vicksburg, Miss., 288 tennial, 177; chartered, 379, 381 —Westport, 188, 257 Central (Methodist) College for Women, —Wilson's Creek, 1, 16-17, 181, 183, 259 346,353-54 (illus.) 424 Missouri Historical Review

Clarence Monroe Burton: Detroit's His­ Company of the Indies, 119 torian, 90 Compromise of 1850,134 Clark, Albert M., 415 Conant, Horace A.,15,16 n. Clark, Bennett Champ, 383; obit., 92 "Concealed Enemy" (Bingham paint Clark, Champ, 262, 283; Highway ing), art. on, noted, 191-92 Bridge, 82 Concordia Historical Institute, 151, Clark, Ella E., art. by, listed, 418 199, 382; exhibit, 281-82 Clark, Homer J., art. by, quoted, 103 Concordia Seminary, founded, 109 (illus.) Clark, John B., 13 Conditional Unionist Party in Mo., Clark, NeilM., art. by, listed, 216 1861,10,13 Clark, William, 85, 90, 170, 384; thesis Confederate Agent, by James D. Horan, on, 70; art. on, listed, 104; at Ft. 300 Osage, front cover, Jan. issue, 120 Confederates, Civil War, attack on Ft. Clark National Forest, 118 Sumter, 7; expedition to Mexico, 102; Clarke County, Ark., 324 newspaper in Greenfield, 288; letter Clay, Eleazer, 83 from prisoner, noted, 288; fort near Clay, Henry, 127, 266 Portageville, Mo., art. on, noted, 296; Clay County Historical Society, 71, books on, 300-01, 405; capital in Neo­ 151,381-82 sho, 343 (illus.), in Cassville, 343-44, Clay County Medical Society, cen­ in Marshall, Tex., 344; Constitution, tennial, 178 343; Mo.'s "rebel legislature" Ordi­ Clay family, art. on, noted, 83 nance of Secession, passed, 343 Clay industries, Ralls County, art. Conger, E. J., 280 on, noted, 83 Claye, John, 83 Conkling, Roscoe P., obit., 202 Clayton, Charles C, 79 Connecticut, Missouri congressman from, Clemens, Benjamin, 140 135 Clemens, Cyril, art. by, listed, 104 Connell, Mrs. George W., verso t.p. noted,394 Jan. issue Clemens, Mrs. Jane (Lampton), 262 Connelley, William E., quoted, 49, 229 Clemens, John M., 262 Connelly, J. L., verso t.p. July issue Clemens, Margaret, 140 Constitution, 1820,133 Clemens, Nancy, Under Glass, 232 Constitution, 1875,135 Clemens, Mrs. Olivia (Langdon), 263 Constitution, 1945, 64 Clemens, Orion, 140, 263 Constitutional Convention (1820), 133 Clemens, Pamela, 140 Constitutional Convention (1845), 265 Clemens, Samuel, 106, 217, 220, 231, Constitutional Convention (1875), 288, 402; thesis on, 70; art. by, listed, 389 104, 418; arts, on, listed, 104, 216, 418, Constitutional Convention (1922-1923), quoted, 139-40, 227-28; brochure on, 66 noted, 182; sketch of, 262-63; birth Constitutional Convention (1943-44), 152 place of, 263 (illus.); Adventures of Convent of the Sacred Heart, Clayton, Huckleberry Finn, illustrations of, 394 264 Clemens family, 139-40 Convention, State, 1861, 9-10, 157, 254 Clemenson, William, 389 Cook, Fannie, 232; Boot Heel Doctor, Click, Mrs. John, 67 234,235,244 Coan, Otis W., Rocktown, Arkansas, 201 Cook, Lyle, 176 Cochel, W. A., obit., 406 Cooke, Mrs. Howard G., 381 Cockrell, Francis Marion, 181-82 Cooke, John Esten, Stonewall Jackson Cockrell, Monroe F., donor, 181-82 and the Old Stonewall Brigade, 301 Coff, Edward J., art. by, listed, 215 Cooke, Philip St. George, 27-32 (illus.); Coffman, Ray, donor, 182 art. on, noted, 186, listed, 215 Cohen, Murray, thesis by, 69 Coon, Walter A., art. by, noted, 87, Coil, Cullen, 79 quoted, 412; donor, 193, 395 Cole, Hannah, 111, 112, 286 Coon, William Benton, 412 Cole, Stephen, 254 Cooper, Sarshall, 111 Cole County, organized, 254 Cooper County Historical Society, 151 Cole County Historical Society, 71, Coronado, Francisco Vasquez, 299 151, 382; Museum of, 254; Bulletin, Cortes, Hernando, 89 289; drawing given to, 376 Coughenour, Charles Milton, thesis by, Coleman, Franklin M., 49 70 Colgan, Daniel, 376 Council Groves, Kan., celebration, 80; Collet, John, 179 Kaw Mission, 80 Collins, Earl A. (co-auth.), Missouri; Counties, derivation of names of, 395 Midland State, 390, 398 Country Store, The, by Gerald Carson, Collins, John, 210-11 404 Colonel Todhunter of Missouri, by Ripley "County Election" (Bingham painting), Saunders, 246-47 art. on, noted, 188-89 Colorado Territory, first gov. of, 253 Course of Empire, The, by Bernard De Columbia, Mo., 243; Boone County Voto, 89-90 Hospital, 77, 117; Garden Club, 79; Courts, early, in New Madrid, 322 early history of, 116-17; University Couzins, Phoebe, 100 Hospital, 117; historical markers in, Cox, John C, 138,254 116-17, 148, 250, 342; First Baptist Cox, Kinzea, 72 Church, 147, 212; early days in, 212; Union Church, 212 Coy, Roy E., arts, by, listed, 104, 216 Columbia Female Academy. See Coykendall, Glenn B., 392 Stephens College Craig, Donald M., verso t.p. Oct. issue Columbia University, 63 Craig, Enos, 213 Columbus, Christopher, 146 Craig, Walter, 169 Commerce, Mo., art. on, noted, 291-92 Crane's Tavern, Montgomery County, Communistic societies, Silkville, Kans., art. on, 415 pamp. on, noted, 291, listed, 314 Craven, Thomas, 180 Index 425

Craynor, George, 397 Davies County Female Academy, 251 Creasey, Mason M., obit., 92 Davion, Ambrose, 110 "Crime of 73" (demonetization of silver), Davis, Mrs. Dan G., 286 362 Davis, Henry N., 387 Crimmins, Harold, art. by, listed, 104 Davis, Jefferson, 8 Crisler, Andy, 170 Davis, Lessie Bates, 177 Crisler, Robert M., 415 Davis, Richard Beals (ed.), Jeffersonian Crittenden, John Jordan, 159 America: Notes on the United States Crittenden, Thomas L., 218 of America Collected in the Years 1805- Crittenden, Thomas T., 213, 251 6-7 and 11-12 by Sir Augustus John Crooks, Ramsay, outside front cover Foster, Bart., 404 Jan. issue, 121 Davis, W. A., 348 Cross, Jasper, 71 Davis, Walter M., 175 Crowder, Enoch H., 354 Davis, Will, art. by, noted, 87 Croy, Homer, 230 n., 232, 385; arts, by, Dawson, Mrs. Lerton V., 149, 381-82 noted, 81, listed, 104; West of the Water Dean, Henry Clay, 100 Tower, 233-34, 237, 238, 239-40, 243, Death of a Legend, by Will Henry, 302 329, 331; Fancy Lady, 243-44; When DeBoissiere, Ernest Valeton, 291 to Lock the Stable, 328; R. F. D. No. 3, Decker, John A., erratum Deck, 178 333,335,336 Declaration of Independence, 312 Crusades, First, 145 DeKalb, Johann. See Kalb, Johann, Culmer, Frederic A., "The Leonard— Baron de Berry Duel of 1824," 357-59 De La Haye, Charles, art. by, noted, 193 Cumberland (Presbyterian) Academy, Delano, James G., 168 258 Delassus, Charles Dehault, 321 Cumberland Presbyterian Church, Dellinger, S.C.,392 founder, 137; Lexington, 260 De Maris, Walter, 151 Current History and Remington Art Demint, Billie, Jr., art. on, noted, 294 Memorial, Ogdensburg, N. Y., 222 Democratic party, 132; Kansas, 42 Curry, Jean L., obit., 304 De Montigny, Francois Joliet, 110 Curry, Mrs. Mary, 100 Dempsey, Jack, 218 Curry, Mrs. William R., 85 Denny, John H., 77,174, 381 Curtin, Katharyn, 264, 271 Denslow, Mrs. J. S., 388 Curtis, Samuel R., 188, 257, 346, 354 Denslow, W. R., 333, 355 Custer, George Armstrong, 402 Denton, Jack, 383 Custis, Mary. See Lee, Mrs. Mary Derr, Raymond W., art. by, quoted, (Custis) 214-15 Cutler, Hugh, 175 Derrickson, Howard, arts, by, noted, Cutting, Dorothy L., verso t.p. Jan 191-92 issue Deskin, Nell, donor, 190 "Czar of the Valley." See Walker, John De Smet, Pierre Jean, 349 Hardeman De Soto, Hernando, 146 DeSoto, Mo., art. on, noted, 81; cen­ D tennial, 189,369 Dade County, founding of, 81 Dessables, Jean-Baptiste Paul, pamp. Dale, Robert J., 288 on, noted, 182 Dale, Stanley I., 75 Deuel, Thorne, 175 Dallas County, book on history of, 302 De Voto, Bernard, 31; The Course of Dalton, John H., 74, 170 Empire, 89-90; (ed.), The Journals of Dalton, Robert, 218 Lewis and Clark, 198 Dalton brothers, 300 Dewey, Mrs. Charles E., verso t.p. Danforth, Mrs. W. H., 78 Oct. issue Danforth, William H., Foundation, 78 Dietrich, Bryon J., obit., 202 D'anville. See Anville, J. B. B. d' Dietzler, John P., 282 Dare, Henry, art. on, noted, 295 Diggs, Thomas, 77 Darley, F. O. C, painting by, 353 (illus.) Dobbs, Ella Victoria, portrait of, noted, Daugherty, James A., 135 78 Daughters of the American Revolution Dockery, A. M.,251 —Boonville, Hannah Cole chapter, Doctor of Mercy, by Mrs. Elizabeth 286 (Seifert) Gasparotti,241 —"Madonna of the Trail" monu­ Doctor Takes a Wife, The, by Mrs. ments, 187,260 Elizabeth (Seifert) Gasparotti, 241 —Missouri State Society, 110; histori­ Dodge, Augustus C, 352 cal marker program, 105 Dodge, Henry, 25, 26 n., 352 —monument near Louisiana, Mo., Donaldson, James Q., obit., 406 262 Doniphan, Alexander, 218, 253, 383; —National Society, 169 art. on, 155-57 (illus.); and Mexican —New Madrid, Lucy Jefferson Lewis War, 225-27 (illus.), 260; military chapter, 169 gov. of New Mexico, 228; grave, 260 —Poplar Bluff, Poplar Bluff chapter. Doniphan, Mo., origin of name, 157 104 Donnell, Robert W., art. on, listed, 216 —radio school of, 410 Donnelly, Phil M., 79, 81, 148, 295, 296 —sponsored marker for Joseph Donner expedition, 385 Hunter, 179 Donner Pass, 89 David Thompson's Journals Relating to Doohan, John J., art. by, noted, 85 Montana and Adjacent Regions, 1808- Dougherty, John, thesis on, 69; home 1812, ed. by M. Catherine White, 90 of "Multnomah," 261 Davidson, J. W.,118 Douglas, Stephen A., 5, 6, 198, 266 Davidson, Mrs. Wilburn L., art. by, Douglas Democrat party, in Mo., 6 listed, 216 Dow, Charles W., 49 Davies County Academy and Masonic Dowdy, Andrew Hunter, 177 Hall, chartered, 251 Draper, Lyman C, 149; book on, 299 426 Missouri Historical Review

Dred Scott case, 351; art, on, noted, Elliott, Brownlee Wilmoth, thesis by, 69 290, listed, 314 Ellis, Elmer, 68, 78, 179; acting president, Dresden, Mo.,settled, 109 Univ. of Mo., 80, inside back cover, Driskill,J. W.,224 Apr. issue Drumm, Andrew, 224 Ellis, John Breckenridge, Fran, 236, Drummond, R. (?), 359 240, 328-29, 335; quoted, 236 n Drury College, 353; Shepard Museum of, Ellis Fischel State Cancer hospital, 117 353 Elmer, William P., trustee, 147 Du Bourg, Louis William Valentin, 77, Elsea, C. Wayne, 173 270 Elsea, Jesse, 386 Duchesne, Rose Philippine, 347; art. on, Emory, W. H.,281 269-72 (illus.) England, George, 258 n Ducy, Mary E., 264; arts, by, 153, 155- English, Earl F., 67 60,265-69,360,361-65 English, W. Francis, 385 Duden, Gottfried, marker, 108, 114 Episcopal Church, arts, on history of, 148, 250, 342; farm site, 114 (illus.); noted, 394, listed, 417-18; convention art. on, 365-67; "Report" of, 366-67 of 1835,394 Duels and dueling, 357-59; art. on, —Jefferson City, Grace, 287 noted,395 —Kemper College, 394 Duffy, Bernard J., 176 —St. Louis, Christ Church, 394 Duncan, Matthew, 24 Eppley,E.C.,7l Duniway, David C, 389 Escott, George S., 181 Dunklin County Historical Society, 151 Eskridge, Elsie, 72 Dunn, Mrs. Payton (Hawes), 78 Etheridge, Ned, portraits by, noted, 33, Dunne, Finley Peter, book on, noted, 68 78, (illus.) 34 Dunnegan, John, 149 Eureka Springs, Mo., Elms hotel, 71 Dunnegan, Thomas Hart Benton, 149 Evangeline Falls, 119 Dunnegan, T. H. B., II, 149 Evans, Elwyn, 189 Dunnicai, James, 376 Ewell, Richard, 102 Durand, John, 209 Ewing, Finis, 137 Dustin, Mrs. Hannah, outside b.c July Ewing, Thomas, 118, 196; Order No. issue (illus.), erratum Dustan 11,253 Dustin, Thomas, outside b.c. July issue Excelsior Springs, Mo., Hall of Waters, (illus.), erratum Dustan 261 Du Tisne, Claude Charles, 220. Er­ F ratum De Tisne Dunvall, Milton, 72 Factory system, Indian, 170-71 (illus.) Dunvall, Mrs. Milton, 176 Faherty, Greg, 296 Dye, Russell V., donor, 176 Fair, Eugene, 258 Dykgraaf, P., art. by, listed, 314 Fairs, first state, 111 Fancy Lady, by Homer Croy, 243-44 Farmers Mutual Hail Insurance Com­ E pany, 168 Eads, James Buchanan, 417; portrait of, Farmers Mutual Windstorm Insurance noted,290 Company, 168 Early, Helen, 381 Farmington, Mo., sesquicentennial, 73; Early, Jubal, 102 Monday Club, 73; Kiwanis Club, 149 Early Days in Dallas County, by Elva Farmington News, noted, 73 MurrellHemphill, 302 Farragut, David G., 416, 417 Earp.W. L., obit., 92 Farrington family, 300 Eastman, Seth, 402 Farrow, Tiera, verso t.p. Jan. issue Fasel, George W., lithographs by, back Eccleston, Robert, diary of, noted, 88 cover Oct., Jan., Apr., and July issues Economic Policy in the Development of a Faulkner, William, 231 Western State: Missouri, 1820-1860, Faust, Martin L., 296 by James Neal Primm, 196-97 Faux, William, 105 Edgerton, Jay, series by, noted, 293 Fayette Boon's Lick Times, established, Edina, Mo., centennial, 1956,189, 368 105 n. Edinburg, Mo., 354 Feature articles, historical, 33-40, 153- Edom, Clifton C, 67 60,264-72,360-67 Education, business, theses on, 68-69; Federal Soldier's Home, 346 early Catholic, St. Louis, thesis on, Felling, Ray, art. by, noted, 397 69; in Mo., theses on, 70 Fellows, Mrs. Norris L., 67 Edward, prince of Wales (Edward VII, Fels, John D., obit., 92 King of England), 380 Feltenstein, Mr. & Mrs. E. D., 85 Edwards, John C, 135 Fenner, August H., obit., 92 Edwards, John Newman, 102 Ferguson, Elma Louise Zollinger, obit., Eichenberger, J. Allen, 175 406 Eitzen, Charles D., 384 Ferguson, William I., 77 Elder, Zeo Holbrook, art. by, listed, 314 Ferries, Gouldsborough, 417 Eldon, Mo., arts, on history of, noted, Fetterman Diaster, 1866, 27 n. 75-76 Field, Eugene, 217, 350; art. on, listed, Eldon Advertiser, 60th anniv., 75-76 104, quoted, 205; house in St. Louis, Elections, national, 1852, 5; in Kan., 351, art. on, noted, 290, listed, 314 1855, 5, 45, 46, in 1856, 46; in Mo., Fields, Samuel, art. on, noted, 398 Fifty Million Acres: Conflicts over 1860,6 Kansas Land Policy, 1854-1890, by Elephant Rocks, 119 Paul Wallace Gates, 400 Eliot, Thomas H., 296 Fifty Years of Community Service, The Ellard, Roscoe B., 168 Naeter Brothers and the Southeast Ellinger, Ruth Nickolaus, thesis by, 70 Missourian, by Leilyn M. Young, 200 Elliott, Arthur H., 177 Finch, James A., Jr., 179 Index 427

Fink, Oliver F., arts, by, noted, 86 —"Old," Van Meter State Park, 145 Fire departments, volunteer, 334 (illus.) (illus.) First District Normal School. See —Orleans, 119; historical marker, 148, Northeast Mo. State Teachers College 250,342,356 Fischer, Julius, 414 —Osage, 111; historical marker, out­ Fishing, on the Mo. River, art. on, side front cover, Jan. issue, 120-22 listed, 216 (illus.), 148, 171, 250, 342; restor­ Fitzgibbon, James, art. on, noted, 188 ation of, 170-71 (illus.), 175-76; Fitzpatrick, Daniel R., exhibit of car­ pageant, 289; art. on, noted, 395 toons, noted, 181, inside back cover, —Peck (Mont.), 221 July issue —Pierre (S. Dak.), 221 Fitzpatrick, Thomas (Broken Hand), —Pitt (Pa.), 319, 320 31 —Point. See Fort Osage Fleeson, Doris, art. by, noted, 84 —Riley (Kan.), 1, 5, 10, 22 n. Fleet, A. F., 312 —Scott (Kan.), 7,29 Fleming, E. McClung, R. R. Bowker: —Shepherd's (W. Va.), back cover, Militant Liberal, 200-01 Jan. issue Fleming, Janet, art. by, noted, 80 —Smith (Ark.), 214 Fletcher, Robert H., art. by, listed, 104 —Sumter (S. Car.), 7 Fletcher, Thomas C, letter from, quoted, —Union (New Mex.), art. on, noted, 310 184 Fletcher, Mrs. Thomas C, 310 —Van Meter (W. Va.), back cover, Fligg, Kenneth L, obit., 406-07 Jan. issue Flint, Timothy, 402; quoted, 322-23 —William (N. Dak.?), 221 Flintlock Baptist Church, 72,172, 386 —Wyman, 346 Florida, Mo., Mark Twain historical —Zumwalt, 347 marker at, 148, 263, 342; birthplace Foster, —(French Indian), 412 of Samuel Clemens, 262 (illus.); Foster, Augustus John, book on notes of, bust of, 263 404 Florida (state), casualties at Battle of Foster, Benjamin Franklin, verso t.p. Franklin, Tenn., 128 n. Oct. issue Florissant, Mo., convent, school, and Foster, Francis G., 176 novitiate founded, 270; first Catholic Foucher, Pierre, 320 school for Indian girls, 270 Fourteen Hundred and 91 Days in the Folk, Joseph Wingate, 132-33, 135, 205, Confederate Army, ed. by Bell Irvin 291; thesis on, 70 Wiley, 300-01 Folk Festival, 21st National, 286 Fowke, Gerard, arts, by, listed, 314 Folk Festival Assoc, National, con­ Fox, Norman A., art. by, listed, 315 ference of, 391-92 Fran, by John Breckenridge Ellis, 236, Foote, Horace S., 88 240, 328-29, 335 Franchere, Gabriel, A Voyage to the North­ Ford, Edmund Albert, Jr., thesis by, 70 west Coast of America, edited by Milo Ford, Robert, 213, 413 Milton Quaife, 403-04 Foreman, Mrs. Carolyn Thomas, art. Francis X. Aubrey (steamboat), 295 by, noted, 186, listed, 215 Franklin, Mo., and Santa Fe Trail, 20; Forts early history of, 112; land office in, —A, B, C, D, Cape Girardeau, 16 1818,112; first newspaper, 112 —Ancient, 354 Franklin, Tenn., Camp of United Con­ —Astoria (Ore.), 197 federate Veterans monument and —Benton (Mont.), 221 cemetery, 128 (illus.) —Bent's, (Colo.), 20, 31, 221; book Franklin Missouri Intelligencer and on,401 Boon's Lick Advertiser, established, —Bridger, (Wyo.), 221 ** 105 n., 112 —Buffalo, 262 Free State party, in Kan., 5, 42-47, —Celeste, 320 49,50 —Clark. See Fort Osage "Freedom of Worship" (Rockwell paint­ —Cooper's, 111 ing), 329 (illus.) —Cox, 111 Freeman, Bonham E., 283 —Crowder, 183-84 Freeman, Ralph, 289 —Curtis (Hovey), 118 Freeman, Mrs. Roger, 384 —Davidson, 117-19; historical Fremantle, Arthur James Lyon, book marker, 119, 148, 250, 342 on,301 —Dette, 346 Fremantle Diary, The, ed. by Walter —Gaines (Ala.), 417 Lord,301 —Gibson (Okla.), 24 n., 25, 26, 29 Fremont, John Charles, 135, 218, 221, —Hannah Cole's, 285 393, 401; in Civil War, 16-17; in —Henry (West Va.), back cover California, 227-28 Jan. and Apr. issues Fremont Association, 88 —Holliday's (W. Va.), back cover, French, Cecil Lynn, thesis by, 70 Jan. issue French, Charles, 357, 359 —Hovey (Curtis), 118 French, Charles Baldwin, obit., 202 —Laramie (Wyo.),31 French in Mo., 351 —Leavenworth (Kan.), 22, 24, 27, Freudenberger, Ruby Westlake, 73 29,30,31,51 Froebel, Friedrich, 36 —Leonard Wood, 347 Frohna, Mo., settled, 109 —Lisa (Neb.), 221 From Entry Fee to 'Fifty-Three: History —Logan's (Ky.), outside back cover, of Lawson's Three County Community, Oct. issue by Ruth Bogart Roney, 302 —McMahan's, 111 From Missouri, by Thad Snow, 401-02 —Mandan (N. Dak.), 221 Frost, D. M., and Camp Jackson, 1861, —Morgan (Ala.), 417 8-11 428 Missouri Historical Review

Frost, Mrs. Lily (Graham), 8n. 'Geology of the Fellows Lake Area," Fry, Overton, 176 art. listed, 418 Fugitive Slave Act, 134 Georgetown, Mo., art. on, noted, 398 Fulbright grants, 68; lecturers, 80 Gerald, J. Edward, 168 Fulbright Springs, Mo. See Springfield German Evangelical Missouri College. Fulmer, William Edmund, thesis by, 70 See Marthasville Seminary Fulton, Mo., centennial, 1959, 189, 369; German Reformed Church, near Jackson, courthouse, 237 (illus.) 115 Fuqua, Agee, 180 Germans in Mo., 109, 114, 115, 254, Fuqua, Mrs. Agee, 180 352, 363-67; during Civil War, 12 Fur traders, attacked by Indians, out­ (illus.) side front cover Apr. issue (illus.) Germany, Revolution of 1848, 363; conditions in, 1830's and 40's, 365-66 G Gersch, Frederick, 151 Gaddis, M.E., 148 "Gettysburg of the West" (Battle of Gaines, Kate M., donor, 311 Westport), art. on, noted, 188 Gale, Zona, 231 Geyer, Harold G., obit., 304 Gallatin, Albert, 250 Gibault, Pierre, 321, 325 Gallatin, Mo., historical marker, 148, Gibbs, J. Barnard, 293 250-51, 342; Masonic Hall, 251; Gibson, Floyd R., 71 history of, 250-51 Gibson, Guyon, 141 Gait, Charles F., 179 Gideon, Robert L., 383 Gait, Mo., high school, thesis on gradu­ Giesler, Mrs. Lucille Hall, obit., 202 ates of, 69 Giessen Society (immigrationsoc), 114 Gamble, Archibald, outside front cover, Gilbreath, Mrs. Olga, verso t.p. Jan. Jan. issue, 121 issue, 283 Gandhi, Mahatma, 208 Gillespie, W. W., donor, 284 Gardenhire, James B., 135 Gilmer, Carol Lynn, art. by, listed, 216 Gardner, Frederick D., 135 Gilpin, William, 228, 253 Gardner, Ishmael H., 74, 387 Gingrich, Lucille A., thesis by, 68 Gardoqui, Diego de, 317, 318 Girardot,— (Sieurde), 115 Garster, Henry, art. on, 311 Glascock, James, 87 Gasconade bridge, disaster, 380 Glascock, Lucy. See Grimes, Mrs. Lucy Gasparotti, Mrs. Elizabeth (Seifert), (Glascock) 232, 245; Homecoming, 236, 243, 246, Glensted Methodist Church, 76 331, 332, 338, 339, 340; Young Doctor Glory, God, and Gold, by Paul I. Wellman, Galahad, 240, 244-45, 248, 330, 333, 297-98 337, 338, 339; quoted, 240 n.; The Godsey, Roy, art. on, noted, 397 Doctor Takes a Wife, 241; Doctor of Goetz, William L., art. on, listed, 104 Mercy, 241; Take Three Doctors, 330, Gold rush, 1849,262 337 Goldenrod (steamboat), art. on, noted, Gates, Gilbert, 293 290, listed, 314 Gates, Paul Wallace, Fifty Million Goodell, Mrs. Clark, 176 Acres: Conflicts over Kansas Land Goodwin, R. Dean, 287 Policy, 1854-1890,400 Gorin, Henry J., obit., 304 General Assembly Governors of Mo., 131-33 —1820, made St. Charles temporary Graf, Jacob, 74 state capital, 347 Graf, Julius J., 75 —1821, chose capital site, 253 Graham, Alexander W., roadside park, —1839, Geyer Act, 117 79 —1855, passed laws incorporating Graham, Emily, 79 Vernon, Maries, Webster, and Bar­ Graham, Franklin, cave discovered by, ton counties, 380 412 —1861, issued call for a state con­ Graham, J. W., 213-14 vention, 8, 9, 10, 13 Graham, Lily. See Frost, Mrs. Lily —1868, authorized gas plant, Jefferson (Graham) City, 82 Graham, Robert, 412 •—1949, special appropriation for Graham, William A., 79 markers not allowed, 249 Granby, Mo., 343 —1951, appropriated for historical Grand Army of the Republic, in Mo., markers, 249 arts, on, listed, 104, 216, noted, 186; —1953-55, highway historical marker founder of, 388 appropriation, 148 Grand River, Indian and French names —1955, Senate Resolution No. 98, for, 251 honoring Floyd C. Shoemaker, 374- Grand River College, 251, 354-55 (illus.) 75 Grand River Valley Historical Society General Jo Shelby: Undefeated Rebel, and Museum, temporary organization by Daniel O'Flaherty, 199 formed, 174, 382 "General Nathaniel Lyon, a Portrait," Grand Tower Island, 110 (illus.); art. by William E. Parrish, 1-18 on, noted, 294 Gentry, Alonzo H., 76 Graniteville, Mo., founded, 119 Gentry, Claude, verso t.p. Apr. issue Grant, Ulysses S., 118, 263, 288, 345, Gentry, North Todd, 202 364, 398; book on, 201 Gentry, Mrs. North Todd, obit., 202 Grant, William T., obit., 304 Gentry, Richard, 382 Grape industry, art. on, 154-55 Gentry, William R., 382 Greater St. Louis Archaeological Society, Gentry County Historical Society, 71, 175 174; organized, 151; markers planned, Greef, Robert E., 389 382 Green, Charles W., obit., 304 Geography of Missouri, by Robert N. Green, George Fuller, 170, verso t.p. Saveland, 88 Apr. issue; painting by, 121 (iuus.) Index 429

Green, Harold Ernest, thesis by, 70 Harney, William Selby, 7 (illus.), 138, Green, James N., 176 141; relieved of post, Apr. 23, 1861, 7; Green, James Stephen, art. on, 265-67 resumed command, 11, 13; procla­ (illus.) mation of May 14, 1861, 13; agree­ Green, Jesse P., 410 ment with Price, 14, 18, repudiated, Green, Robert S., 173, 381 15; relieved of command May 30, 1861, Green Hills Region of Mo., 251 14-15; mt. peak named for, 138 Green Tree Tavern. See Janis-Ziegler Harper's Weekly, 365 House Harris, Mrs. Carla, 147 Greenabaum, Alexander, 388 Harris, John Woods, art. on, noted, Greene County Historical Society, 71, 292-93 174-75, 183, 382-83; organized, 67, Harris, T. A., 263 151 Harrison, Burr, art. on, outside back Greenfield Missouri Army Argus, 288 cover, Oct. issue (illus.) Greensfelder, Albert P., obit., 407; Harrison, Mrs. William, 384 art. on, 410 Harrison, William Henry, 323 Gregg, Josiah, 25, 139, 140, 218, 225, 253 Harrisonville, Mo., centennial, 1957, Gregg, Kate Leila, obit., 92 189,369 Griffith, Arthur C, obit., 304 Hart, Mrs. Benjamin L., 410 Grimes, Absalom, art. on, noted, 87; Harte, Bret, stories of, noted, 231 book on, 405 Hartford (steamboat), 416 Grimes, Mrs. Lucy (Glascock), art. on, Harvard University, 55; Peabody noted,87 Museum of Archaeology and Ethnol­ Grimm, J. Hugo., obit., 202 ogy, 192 Grinstead, Frances, 168 Harvey, P. Casper, 381 Grippi, Charles Salvatore, thesis by, 70 Harwell, Richard Barksdale (ed.), Stone­ Groves, Mrs. Frederic A., 169 wall Jackson and the Old Stonewall Gruen, William Henry, verso t.p. Oct. Brigade, by John Esten Cooke, 301 issue Hatcher, Era P., 71,175 Grundy, Felix, 354 Hauck, Joan. See Kotary, Mrs. Joan Grundy County, "Heatherly War," (Hauck) 354-55 Hauck, Louise Piatt, 232; Two Toaether Gudgell, Charles, 223 242-43, 330 Guerrillas, 261, 294 Hawes, Harry B., plaque, 78 Guggenheim fellowships, 68 Hawkins, Williamson, 311 Guibourd House, Ste. Genevieve, 352 Hawkins, Mrs. Williamson, 311 Gunn, J. H.,381 Hawks, Cicero Stephens, 55, 394 Gwinn, M. S., 169 Hawley, Charles Arthur, art. by, noted, 85 H Hayden, Peyton R., 358, 359 Hayes, Mrs. Alden F., 173 Hackmann, George E., obit., 304 Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, 364 (illus.) Hackney, Thomas, 135 Haynes, J. Sims, obit., 304 Hafen, Anne W., (co-auth.), The Old Hays, Mose, 224 Spanish Trail; Santa Fe to Los Angeles, Hays, Richard L., 173 298 Head, Dick, 224 Hafen, Leroy R. (co-auth.), The Old Head, John Wallace, obit., 305 Spanish Trail; Santa Fe to Los Angeles, Heart of Missouri, The, by August R. 298 Suelflow, 199 Hafford, Albert, obit., 407 Heartsill, W. W., book on, 300 Hahn, Mannel, obit., 304 Hedgepath, Marion, 300 Hale, Mrs. Mark, verso t.p. Jan. issue Hedrick, Mrs. Minnie, 174 Hall, John R., 77, 173 Heller, John M., 80 Hall, Matthew, 172 Hemingway, Wilson Linn, obit., 202, Hall, W. P., 350 281 Halliburton, Westley, 135, 288 Hemp Bales, Battle of, 259 Hamacher, Ralph O., obit., 304 Hemphill, Mrs. Elva Murrell, verso Hamilton, Henry W., 175 t.p. Apr. issue; Early Days in Dallas Hamilton, Mrs. Joel J., verso t.p. Apr. County, 302 issue Hempstead County, Ark., 324 Hamlin, Herb S., art. by, quoted, 207 Henderson, Archibald, art. by, listed, Hammond, George P. (co-ed.), Overland 216 to California on the Southwestern Trail, Henderson, Carl, 178 18^9. DianI of Robert Eccleston, 88 Henderson, John B., 262 Hammond, William A., quoted, 1-2, 5, Henderson, Mrs. Lance, 73 10 Henderson, Paul H., 73 Hammond & Irwin, photo by, 352 (illus.) Hendren, Mrs. John H., Jr., 382 Hanks, Glen Lester, thesis by, 70 Henry, Andrew, outside front cover, Hannibal, Mo., thesis on school district Jan. issue, 121; art. on, noted, 83 of, 69; thesis on, 70; statues of Sam Henry, Robert, 176 Clemens, Tom Sawyer, and Huckle­ Henry, Will, Death of a Legend, 302 berry Finn, 263; Mark Twain Museum Henry County, founding of, 81 and Home, 263; Becky Thatcher Henry County Historical Society, or­ House, 263; Mark Twain Cave, 263 ganized, 151 Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, 38, 74; Hen wood, Berry man, obit., 407 railway postal car, 348 Hercules, Joseph G., Jr., obit., 305 Hardeman, John Locke, 172 Hereford, Herman Lee, thesis by, 70 Harding, Chester, 267 Hermann, Mo., Maifest in, 384, art. on, Harkness, David James, art. by, noted, noted, 84; Brush and Palette Club, 84, 291 383; German school bldg., 383 Harmon, Adrian, 282 Hermann Advertiser-Courier. 75 430 Missouri Historical Review

Hermann Die Wochenblatt. See Hermann Homecoming, by Mrs. Elizabeth (Seifert) Hermanner Volksblatt Gasparotti, 236, 243, 246, 331, 332, Hermann Hermanner Volksblatt, art. on, 338,339,340 74-75 "Homecoming—Main Street, U.S.A." Hermitage, Mo., derivation of name, 131 (picture), 333 (illus.) "Heroic Deeds of Former Times," Honig, Louis O., obit., 93 picture series, back cover, all issues Hook, D.,313 Hersey, John, art. by, quoted, 414 Hopkinsville, Mo. See Kirksville Hesse, Mrs. Anna, 84, 384 Horan, James D., Confederate Agent, Hesseltine, William B., Pioneer's Mission: 300; (co-auth.), Pictorial History of The Study of Lyman Copeland Draper, the Wild West, 300 299-300 Hornbuckle, William R., 176 Heusi, Sam, verso t.p. Jan. issue Houck, Louis, 116, 322, 391; portrait Hewitt, Jeanette D., verso t.p. Oct. of, 115 (illus.) issue Houston, Sam, 223 Hibbard, F. C., 260 Houx, Edwin C, 282 Hickok, James Butler (Wild Bilf), 354, Hovis, Robert Lee, Jr., 140 383 How Dear to My Heart, by Mary Margaret Hickory County, founding of, 81; deri­ McBride, 335-36 vation of name, 131 Howard, Lynn, 392 Hickory County Historical Society, 151 Howard, Oliver, 72 Higgins, A. R., verso t.p. Jan. issue Howard, Mrs. Oliver, speaker, 71; arts. Higgins, J. T., verso t.p. Jan. issue by, noted, 76, 83-84, 87, 180, 187, Higgins, Victor, picture by, 112 (illus.) 293, 395-96; booklet by, noted, 82 Highway Commission, State, historical Howard County Historical Society, 151 marker program of, 76-77, 80-81, out­ Howard High School, Fayette, 379 side front cover, Jan. issue, 106-08, Howdeshell, C. Leo, 72 148, 161, 169-70, 172, 190, 249-63, Howe, E. W., (Ed), art. on, noted, 85; 342-58; roadside parks, 79; pictures art. on home of, noted, 396 of, noted, 83 Howell, W. R., verso t.p. Apr. issue Highway historical markers. See Howes, Edward H. (co-ed.) Overland to Markers, highway historical California on the Southwestern Trail Highway map, official, noted, 80-81 1849. Diary of Robert Eccleston, 88 Highway 40. See U. S. Highway 40 Hoxie, Mrs. Vinnie (Ream), letter to, Highway 41 A. See State Highway quoted, 310 41 A Hubach, Robert R., art. by, listed, 216 Highway 61. See U. S. Highway 61 Hubbard, James E., donor, 416 Highway 36. See U. S. Highway 36 Huckleberry Finn, by Samuel Clemens, Highway 25. See State Highway 25 noted,263 Highway 21. See State Highway 21 Hudson, James F., donor, 389-90 Hill, Mrs. A. Ross, obit., 92 Hulston, John K., verso t.p. Oct. issue Hill, Ernie, art. by, quoted, 208 Humbard, Adon J., obit., 202 Hill, Robert E. Lee, 79 Humphreys, Pauline A., obit., 305 Hillyard, Mr. and Mrs. Everett, 85 Hungerford, Clark, 140, 283, 385 Himes, George H., 206 Hunt, Wilson Price, outside front cover, Hinchey, Allan, 294 Jan. issue, 121 Hinckley, D. L., 410 Hunter, Abraham, 66 Hindman, Albert Henry, verso t.p. Hunter, Ben, 66 Jan. issue Hunter, Catherine. See Beckwith, Mrs. Hindman, Darwin A., 79 Catherine (Hunter) Hindman, Tom, 102 Hunter, Joseph, 179 Hines, Thomas Henry, book on, 300 Hunter, Joseph II, 66 Hinton, J. William, donor, 279 Hunter, Mrs. Mary (Medley), bequest Hinton, Victor, 67; verso t.p. Oct. issue by,66, 152 Historic Hermann, Inc., 151, 383-84 Hunter, Mrs. Nancy (Bird), 66 Historical Association of Greater St Hunter, Nancy Ann. See Linn, Mrs. Louis, 71, 151,282,384 Nancy Ann (Hunter) Historical Facts concerning the Temple Hunter, Samuel L., 183 Lot, by Clarence L. Wheaton, 199 Hunter, Mrs. Samuel L., Sr., verso t.p. Historical Notes and Comments, 55-96, Oct. issue; 170, 183 161-204, 273-307, 368-409 Hunter, Stephen B., 170; bequest by, Historical societies, 151; activities of, 66, 152; trustee, 66; donor, 168 71-73, 173-76, 281-84, 381-86 Hunter, T. F., 169 History of Missouri, A, by E. M. Violette Huston, Joseph, 110 and Others, 399 Hutton, JohnE., 135 History of the South, A, by Francis Hyde, Arthur M., 355 Butler Simkins, 90 Hydrophobia, theories on, 123 Hitch, Mrs. A. M., 286 Hobbs, Mrs. John W., donor, 289 Holbrook, Stewart, art. by, noted, 184 Holder, Preston, 175 Holladay, Ben, 173 Ice cream cones, first, art. on, noted, 85 Hollenbeck, Arch T., obit., 305 Ichord, Richard H., 296 Hollins, George, 326 Illinois, native-born who settled in Mo., Holloway, John N., quoted, 47 129 Hollywood Bowl Assoc, 294 Immigration and emigration, 129-30; Holt, Ivan Lee, 73 into Kansas, 1855, 47-48, 51-52, 53; Holt, W. H. (Bud), 190 west of the Mississippi, 320-21, 323; Home Mutual Insurance Company, Germans to Mo., 367; to Oregon, 396 Independence, Mo., and the Santa Fe 168 Trail, 20; donates land for Truman Index 431

Library, 76; historical marker, 148, Jackson, Jesse, 310 253, 342; book on Temple Lot in, 199; Jackson, Mrs. O. K., 67 history of, 252-53; courthouse, 252 Jackson, Thomas Jonathan (Stonewall), (illus.); Memorial Building, 253; Audi­ 412; book on, 301 torium of Reorganized Church, 253; Jackson, W. Turrentine, Wagon Roads White Masque Players, pageant, 289 West, 89 Independence (steamboat), 112 (illus.) Jackson, Mo., 115; centennial, 1959, Independence Daily Examiner, 138 189,369 Indiana Territory, 323 Jackson County, derivation of name, Indians, outside back cover, all issues, 131; organized, 252; first hanging for front cover, Apr. issue (illus.); "facto­ murder, 311 ries," outside front cover, Jan. issue, Jackson County Court, and restoration 120; on the Santa Fe Trail, 21-26; of Ft. Osage, outside front cover, early in Mo., 143-46, 185; burial Jan. issue, 121-22, 170-71 mounds, 146 (illus.), 344; Catholic Jackson County Historical Society, 151 missions, book on, 201; school for Jackson Missouri Herald, 115 girls, 270; books on, 270, 297-98, Jacobs, Elijah L. (co-auth.), Missouri 302,402-03 Writers; a Literary History of Missouri, —Abnaki, outside back cover, July 1780-1955,399 issue (illus.) Jaeger, Herman, 344; art. on, 154-55 —Apaches, 21, 27 n. (illus.) —Archaic, 144 James, Edwin, 105 n. James, Frank, 261, 285; trial of, 251; —Cherokee, "Trail of Tears," 353 art. on, noted, 291 —Comanches, 21, 24, 25,119 James, Jesse Woodson, 133, 217, 251, —Delaware, 115, 353 300, 308, 413; Lexington stagecoach —Fox, 251,258,349 hold-up, 85; arts, on, listed, 104, 216; —Gros Ventres, 21, 23 noted, 81, 291, quoted, 213-14; birth­ —Hopewellian, 145 place, 261; book on, 302; home of, —Iowa, 251,258,349 350 —Kaw, 80 James, Mrs. Jesse, 413 —Kickapoo, 353, 383 James brothers, 393 —Kiowas, 21, 22, 24 Janis-Ziegler House, Ste. Genevieve, —Mingo, back cover, Jan. issue 352 —Missouri, 146; meaning of name, 119 Jasper County Historical Society, 71, —Navajo, 156 151,175,183 —Niutachis. See Missouri Jedediah Smith and His Maps of the —Osage, 343, 353; Great and Little, American West, by Dale L. Morgan 146, 251, 252, 254; Purchase Line, and Carl I. Wheat, 403 outside front cover, Jan. issue, 121; Jedediah Smith and the Opening of the burial mound, 146 (illus.) West, by Dale L. Morgan, 197 —Ozark Bluff Dwellers, 145, 392 Jefferson, Thomas, 253: tombstone of, —Sauk, 251,258,349 117,312 —Shawnee, 115, 403; outside back Jefferson Barracks, 22, 25 cover Oct. and Jan. issues (illus.) Jefferson City, Mo., taken by Lyon in —Sioux, 27 n., 31 Civil War, 16; gas plant authorized, —Wichita (Pawnee Picts), 25 82; art. on history of, noted, 294; —Winnebago, 24 n. historical marker, 148, 254, 342; history —Wyandot, back cover, Jan. issue of, 253-54; capitol at, 253-54 (illus.); Indians of the Western Frontier; Paintings state bldgs., 254; Museum, 254; of George Catlin, by George I. Quimby, Executive Mansion, 254; National 402 Cemetery, 254; Grace Episcopal Ingle, Truman L., obit., 93 Church, 287; drawing of first state Interstate Commerce Commission, 182 capitol in, 376-77 (illus.); Chamber Iowa, native-born who settled in Mo., of Commerce historical membership 129 cards, 379 Iowa State Historical Society, publi­ Jefferson County, arts, on history of, cation of, noted, 185 noted, 83 Iron and iron mining, 118-19; boom of Jefferson County Historical Society, 151 1840's-1850's, 117 Jeffersonian America: Notes on the Iron Mountain Railroad, 118-19 United States of America Collected in Ironton, Mo., early history of, 118 the Years 1805-6-7 and 11-12 by Sir Irvine, Mrs. A. K., 100 Augustus John Foster, Bart, ed. by Irving, Washington, 197, 402; quoted, Richard Beale Davis, 404 252 Jenkins, Nedra, art. by, noted, 185 Isaak Walton League, 78 Jeremie, Joseph, pamphlet by, noted, 182 Isbell, H. O., 177 Jester, Alexander, art. on, noted, 293 Jewell, William, 292; received honorary degree, 55; art. on, quoted, 212 Jews in Kansas City, art. on, noted, 187 Jacks, R. K., 280 Jobson, Arthur, obit., 305 Jack's Ferry. See Lexington Johannisburg, Mo., settled, 109 Jackson, Andrew, 22, 25 n, 127, 131, 133, John B. Rogers Producing Company, 137, 252; duel with Benton, 134; story 289 concerning, 310-11 Johnson, Andrew, 127, 186, 364 Jackson, Claiborne Fox, 110, 172, 189, Johnson, Arch A., obit., 203 343; as governor, 1, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13; Johnson, Charles, donor, 310 at Planters House meeting, 15 (illus.); Johnson, Hesper, 168 call for volunteers for State Guard, Johnson, John Spencer, thesis by, 70 16; defeated at Boonville, 16 Johnson, Johnny, 67,168 Jackson, Ellis, 284, 387 Johnson, Richard M., 25 Jackson, Floyd M., 153 Johnson, Mrs. Robert, 393 432 Missouri Historical Review

Johnson, Mrs. Ruth Louise, arts, by, —Truman & Jacobson haberdashery, noted, 290, listed, 314 414 Johnson, W. P., 390 —Union cemetery, 72 Johnson, William H., sketch by, noted, —University of. See University of 33, (illus.) 39 Kansas City Johnson County Historical Society, 282 —William Rockhill Nelson Gallery Johnston, Lowell, 386 of Art. See William Rockhill Nel­ Joliet, Louis, 143, 347 son Gallery of Art "Jolly Flatboatmen" (Bingham paint­ Kansas City area government, thesis ing), 209; arts, on and picture of, on, 69 noted,191,192 Kansas City Art Institute, 187, 188 Jones, Mrs. Blanche, 176 Kansas City Museum Assoc, 289 Jones, George W., 352 Kansas Legion, 47 Jones, James Melson, verso t.p. Jan. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854, 5, 49, 134, issue 198,400 Jones, Laurence C, art. on, quoted, Kansas State Historical Society, 299 208-09 Kansas State Teachers College, pamp. Jones, Maude Hall, roadside park, 79; issued by, noted, 291 obit., 93 Kansas Territorial Executive Com­ Jones, PaulC, 170 mittee of Seven,1855,45 Jones, S. J., 50 Kansas Territory, 1854-55, art. on, Joplin, Harris G., 138, 254 41-54; election in, 1855, 5, 1855-56, Joplin, Mo., founder of, 138; historical 5-6; Sand Bank Convention in, 43; marker, 148, 256, 342, 356; the Capital People's Convention in, 43; Big of the Empire District, 255; history Springs Convention in, 43-44; Terri­ of, 254-56; Smelter Hill, 255-56 (illus.); torial Central Committee, 43; Topeka Schifferdecker Park, 256; Tri-State Convention in, 43, 44, 45; Territorial Mineral Museum, 256 Executive Committee of Seven, 45; Joplin City, Mo. See Joplin, Mo. Constitutional Convention in, 45-46; Jordan, Philip D., The People's Health, first legislature of, 379 89; art. by, noted, 185 Karr, W. H., 382 Journals of Lewis and Clark, The, ed. Kavanaugh, Mrs. Pat, 383 by Bernard DeVoto, 198 Kayser, Meyer, 187 Juarez, Benito Pablo, 102 Kearny, Stephen Watts, 25, 26, 27, 31, Julian, B. F., 284 32,218,222.225,401 Keely, Mary Paxton, art. by, noted, 192 K Kehr, Elroy C, 114, 366; donor, 360 Keller, Laura St. Ann, 381 KSD-TV television station, 98 Kemble, Edward Windsor, 394 KTTR, radio station, 387 Kemp, William E., 82 KWK-TV television station, 98 Kemper, James Lawson, 394 Kalb, Johann, Baron de, 151 Kemper College, 394 Kane, Harnett T., The Lady of Arling­ Kemper Military Academy, 111, 286 ton^! Kendrick, Klaude, 285 Kansas, "Black Law," 41; centennial Kennedy, Marvin G., obit., 93 of admission to Union, 84; native- Kenny, Laurence J., trustee, 147 born who settled in Mo., 129; prob­ Kentucky, in Civil War, 17-18, 128 n.; lems, 1852-1854, book on, 198; books connections with Mo., 127; native- on,299,400-01 born who settled in Mo., 129-31; Mo. Kansas Central Railroad, art. on, listed, governors from, 131; Mo. Congress­ 104 men from, 135 Kansas City, Mo. Kentucky Historical Society, 220 —art in, art. on, noted, 187-88 Kerr, (Babe), art. on, noted, 87 —Art Institute. See Kansas City Art Institute Kidwell, Mrs. Arleen Sims, donor, 182 —Baltimore Hotel, 184 Kieselbach, Mrs. Edwin, 376 —City Council awards program, 82 Kimmswick, Mo., homecoming pam­ —City Hall Observation Roof, 257 phlet, noted, 83; arts, on archaeology —Cliff Drive, 257 of, listed, 314 —directories of, early, noted, 368 King, Austin A., 132, 135 —history of, 256-57 King, Roy T., art. by, listed, 215 —historical marker, 148, 257, 342 King, Sam, 72 —Jewish community in, art. on, King William's War, outside back cover, noted,187 July issue —Liberty Memorial, 257 King's Highway, 116, 321, 344, 351; —Lookout Point, 257 historical markers on, 105 —Municipal Auditorium, 82 King's Row, by Henry Bellamann, 232, —Museum, 257 234, 236-37 —Penn Valley park, 187 Kirchner, Carl, 71 —photograph of, 256 (illus.) Kirk, Jesse, 258 —"Pioneer Mother Group" (statue), Kirk, John R., 258 257 Kirk, Ruth Kindred, 177 —Power and Light Company, thesis Kirksville, Mo., osteopathy in, 137; on, 69 historical marker, 148, 258, 342; —Public Library, 264 history of, 257-58; Memorial Park, —school and library members of State 258; Tip Top 4-H Club, 387-88; Historical Soc, 391 International Shoe Factory, 388 —School district, thesis on, 70 Kirksville, Battle of, 258 —"Scout" (statue), 257 Kirksville College of Osteopathy and —Siegrist Engraving Co., 288; donor, Surgery, 258; memorials, 258; Kirk 151 Memorial Bldg., 258 (illus.); Violette —Swope Park zoo, 257 Museum, 258 Index 433

Kist, Casper W., oblit., 93 Leavenworth, Kan., 1855 (illus.) 48; Klein, Karl, art. by, noted, 84 pro-slavery convention in, 48; pro- Klein, Maybelle, art. by, noted, 84 slavery meetings in, 1856, 48-49 Knapp, Hilman H., 384 Lebanon, Mo., Christian Church, 330 Knobview, Mo. See Rosati (illus.) Knott, James Proctor, art. on, noted, Lee, Edgar D., obit., 305 398 Lee, Elbert J., obit., 93 Know Nothing party, N. Y., 6 Lee, Mrs. Mary (Custis), 91 Knox, William A., verso t.p. Oct. issue Lee, Richard B., quoted, 24 Koch, ErwinT., 281 Lee, Robert E., 91, 412 Koch, M. L., 177 Lee, Shu-Ching, 282 Kochtitzky, Elise. See Byrd, Mrs. Elise Leffen, Stanford, 67; verso t.p. Oct (Kochtitzky) issue Kochtitzky, Mary, 375 Lehmer, George, obit., 305 Kochtitzky, Otto, 191, 376 Leimbach, A., 187 Kochtitzky, Otto, Sr., 375 Lemen, Dick, art. by, noted, 186, quoted, Korean War, 391, 393 211-12 Kotary, Mrs. Joan (Hauck), quoted, Lengsfield, Carrie. See Loeb, Mrs. 243 n. Carrie (Lengsfield) Kozciusko, Tadeusz Andrzej, 151 Leonard, Abiel, duel with Berry, 357-59, Kraehe, Enno, 149 395 Kraus-Boelte, Maria, 36 "Leonard-Berry Duel of 1824, The," Kritzer, John, 224 by Frederic A. Culmer, 357-59 Krohn, Ernest C, 385 Leonard, Benjamin, 359 Krumpelmann, John T., 182 Leonard, Luther, 50-51 Krusekopf, H. H.,33 Leonard, Nathaniel, 369 Ku Klux Klan, 201 Le Sieur, Francois, 317, 344 Kube, Herman H., obit., 305 Le Sieur, Joseph, 317, 344 Kucera, C. L. (co-ed.), Wild Flowers of LeViness, W. Thetford, art. by, noted, Missouri, 87-88 84 Levitas, Irving, art. by, noted, 187 Lewis, Grace, art. by, listed, 104 Lewis, Lucy Jefferson, 169, 190 Lewis, Meriwether, 85, 89-90; art. on, Laclede, Pierre, 350 listed, 104; monument, 128 (illus.) Laclede County Court, 384 Lewis, Sinclair, Main Street, 231 Laclede County Historical Society, 151, "Lewis and Clark Commemorative 384 Stamp," art. on, listed, 314 Laclede County Museum Committee, Lewis and Clark Expedition, 82, 111, 384 outside front cover, Jan. issue, 120-21, Lady of Arlington, The, by Harnett T. 256-57, 347-48, 351, 384; arts, on, Kane, 91 listed, 104, 216, 418; arts, on and LaFayette, Marie Joseph, Marquis de, pictures of, noted, 184-85, 293; book 151 on journals of, 198; landing at mouth Lafayette County, courthouse 259 (illus.) of Osage River, 378-79 (illus.) Lake Killarney, 119 Lewis and Clark State Park, 350 Lamar, Mirabeau Buonaparte, 225 Lexington, Mo., Garden Club, Home Land, Marion O., obit., 93 and Garden Tour, 82, 171-72; Com­ Lane, James H., 42, 44 (illus.), 45, 46, mercial Bank, 172; Christ Episcopal 47,50 Church, 172; Linwood Lawn, 172; Lane, Mrs. Less, 381 "Pioneer Mother" statue in, 187, 190, Lane, Rose Wilder, 232, 233; quoted, 260; Chamber of Commerce, 189, 234; Old Home Town, 235, 237-38, 377; Garden Club, 1891 historical 239,240,339,340 drive, 189-90; history of 259-60; Lane, W. P., Rangers, 300 historical marker, 148, 260,, 342; Lang, Howard B., Jr., 77 courthouse, 259 (illus.); Machpelah Langdon, Olivia. See Clemens, Mrs. cemetery, 260; Episcopal Church, Olivia (Langdon) 260; Public Library and Historical Lange, Mrs. Carl F., 382 Assoc 260 Lannen, Sister Eleanor, thesis by, 69 Lexington, Battle of, 259-60, 377-78 "L'Anse a la Graise.'' See New Madrid (illus.); reenacted, 377-78 La Plata, Mo., centennial celebration, Lexington Historical Society, 151 386-87 Libby, Harry J., obit., 93 Larkin, Lew, Bingham; Fighting Artist, Liberty, Mo., arsenal, 1855, 50-51 noted, 185, 195-96, 381; art. by, noted, (illus.), 261; Presbyterian Church 188-89 anniv., 73, 176; high school annual, La Salle, Robert Cavelier, sieur de, 120 76; historical marker, 148, 261, 342; Lauf, H. P. (Pete), obit., 203 Methodist Church, 177; Memorial La Vallee, Juan, 323 Hall, 184; historic flagpole, 184; Lavender, David, Bent's Fort, 401 Civil War incident near, art. on, Law and Order party, Kan., 48, 49 noted, 190; history of, 260-61 Lawrence, John R., 77, 386 Lightburne, John S., 124 Lawrence, Kan., (illus.) 42; political Lightburne, Lee, 124 conventions in, 1855, 41-43, 46; attack "Lightburne stone" (madstone), 124-26 on, 1856, 49; treaty signed at, 1856, (illus.) 50; sack of, 53 Limbaugh, Rush H., 169, 391 Lawrence County. See Wayne County Lime in Mo., 352 Laws, S. S., 312 Lincoln, Abraham, 6, 7, 13, 14, 39, 127, Lawson, Mo., book on history of, noted, 363, 417; quoted, 227; story by, 310- 182,302 11; mural on, dedicated, 392; art. on, Lead and lead mining, 255, 343; art. on, listed, 418 noted,186 Lincoln, Mrs. Mary (Todd), 227 434 Missouri Historical Review

Lincoln University, 254, 392 Lucas, Leroy, 384 Lindbergh, Charles A., exhibit, art. on, Lucas, Mrs. Okla H., verso t.p., Apr. noted, 290, listed, 314 issue Lindenwood College, 348 Lucas, Mrs. Shirley Rosen, 385 Linn, Lewis Fields, 206, 352; art. on, Lutheran Church 158-60 (illus.), noted, 192; grave of, —Altenburg, 109,110 192 —Buffalo Synod, arts, on, listed, Linn, Mrs. Nancy Ann (Hunter), 158 104,216 Linneman, Robert H., 296 —Concordia Seminary, 109 (illus.) Linneus, Mo., centennial, 1959, 189, —Missouri Synod, 109; arts, on, 369 listed, 104, 216; Western District, Lisa, Manuel, outside front cover, Jan. centennial, 74, 390; book on, 199 issue, 121,218,221 —St. Louis, St. Stephen's, 281-82; Little Boy Blue, arts, on, listed, 104, Messiah Church, 382 314, noted, 290 Lutheran Historical Society of Perry "Little Dixie," art. on, 415-16 County, 151 Little River Drainage District, 345, Lutherans in Mo., 109 375, 376; art. on, noted, 191 Lyman, Richard W., 282 Little River Valley and Arkansas Rail­ Lyon, Duane, sketches by, 230 n., 233, road, 375 237, 239, 242 (illus.) Livingston, Lela, 287 Lyon, H. B., 102 Lloyd, David D., art. by, listed, 417 Lyon, Nathaniel, 111, 141; at Ft. Riley, Lodwick, John S., 71 1-2, 5, 10; early life, 2; in St. Louis Loeb, Benjamin, 64 during Civil War, 1-18 (illus.); cap­ Loeb, Bertha. See Wallbrunn, Mrs. ture of Camp Jackson, 11-12; at Bertha (Loeb) Planters House meeting, 15 (illus.); Loeb, Mrs. Carrie (Lengsfield), 64 at Battle of Wilson's Creek, 16-17, Loeb, Fannie. See Barker, Mrs. Fannie 353, (illus.); death of, 17 (illus.), 354 (Loeb) Loeb, Isidor, 148; obit., 63-64, 93; makes M bequest to Society, 64-66, 152; por­ trait of, 65 (illus.) Mabrey, Thomas W., obit., 306 Log Cabin College. See Concordia McAlester, Andrew Walker, Jr., obit., Seminary 93 Logan, Benjamin, art. on, outside back McAnally, David Rice, 137 cover, Oct. issue (illus.) McBee, Robert L., verso t.p. Jan. issue Logan, John A., 388 McBride, Mary Margaret, 232; autobi­ Logan, Mrs. John A., 388 ography of, noted, 230 n.; How Dear to Logan brothers, 300 My Heart, 335, 336 Lomax, James S., 354 McCabe, Angela, 264, 270 Long, Edward V., 296 McCall, John Walker, obit., 94 Long, Howard Rusk (ed.), Fifty Years of McCandless, Carl A., 296 Community Service. The Naeter Broth­ McCandless, Perry G., thesis by, 70 ers and the Southeast Missourian, 200 McClellan, George Brinton, 27 n. Long, Philip Graham, 73 McColloch, Samuel, back cover, Jan. Long, Stephen H., Yellowstone expe­ issue (illus.); monument to, back dition, 105 n., Ill, 121, outside front cover, Jan, issue cover, Jan. issue, 413 McCord, David, 318 Long Point, Mo. See Kirksville McCord, Mrs. May Kennedy, 383 Longstreth, Mrs. Willier E., 284 McCoy, Anna, 100 Look (magazine), contest of, 81 McCoy, J. C, 257 Loomis, Elisha, 197 McCue, P. M., Sr., 288 Loos, John Louis, thesis by, 70; art. McCue, P. M., Jr., donor, 288 by, listed, 104; speaker, 384 McCullen, Edward J., obit., 94 Lorberg, Aileen D., 390-91 McCulloch, Ben, 354 Lord, Clifford L., 149 McDaniel, Arthur S., obit., 94 Lord, Daniel A., obit., 305 McElroy, Abram, 180 Lord, Walter (ed.), The Fremantle McFall, Mo., Liberty Baptist Church Diary, 301 centennial, 74 Lorimier, Louis, tomb of, 115 (illus.), "McGee stone" (madstone), 124 116; cemetery, 116 McGirk, Mathias, 135 Los Angeles, Calif., Missouri "Show McGlothlan, Mr. & Mrs. A. B., 85 Me" Club, 286-87, 294 McGowan, Tom, art. by, quoted, 99 Louis IX, King of France, 350 McGuffey readers, 412 Louis XIV, King of France, 120 McGuire, James E., 382 Louisiana, Mo., historical marker, 148, McHaney, Powell B., 68, 79 262, 342; history of, 261-62 Mcllroy, Thomas, 176 Louisiana (state), casualties at Battle Mclnnes, Jack D., 176 of Franklin, Tenn., 128 n.; convents MacKay, James, art. on, listed, 314 of the Sacred Heart, 270, 271; became McKay, Mrs. Mary Asbury, 410 a state, 350 McKendree Methodist Church, 115 Louisiana, District of, 323 McKinney, Francis F., art. by, listed, Louisiana, Upper, 317, 322, 323; transfer 315 toU. S., 323, 350 (illus.) McLeod, Lamar W., 140 Louisiana Purchase, 106, 120, 121, out­ McManus, George, obit., 203 side front cover, Jan. issue, 254, 323; McMurry, Frances Davis, 177 art. on, listed, 104; commemorative McMurry, William F., verso t.p. July exhibit, 191-92; 150th anniv. of, 402 issue Louisiana Territory, 1682-1803, 120; McNair, Alexander, 150, 350; art. on, militia, 120 quoted, 209-10 Lozier, Lue C, 79 McNair, Dunning, art. on, quoted, Lucas, Charles, 395 209-10 Index 435

McNeil, John H., 116, 258 Marthasville Seminary, 114 MacNutt, J. Scott, portrait by, 64 Martin, Mrs. Charles Vilas, obit., 407 (illus.), 65, noted, 152 Martin, George E., 178 Macon, Mo., centennial, 1956, 189, Martin, John, back cover, Oct. issue 368,387 Martin, Phil, art. by, noted, 292 Macon County Historical Society, 384 Martin, W. F. 98 McPheeters, Colin A., obit., 94 Martinsburg, Mo., centennial, 1957, McPherrin, William L., verso t.p. Apr. 189,369 issue, 170; photo by, 171 (illus.) Maryville, Mo., 232, 233 n.; art. on, McPherson, Rex V., obit., 203 noted, 81, listed, 104; water tower, McRae, Joseph A., 397 239 (illus.) McReynolds, Allen, 148, 175, 287; Maryville College of the Sacred Heart, receives honorary degree, 55, 56; St. Louis, 270 speaker, 71 Masnor, Lucile, art. by, noted, 192 "Madstone, The," by Robert S. Withers, Mason, Harry P., 148 123-26 {illus.) Mason, Samuel, back cover, Jan. issue, Magoffin, James, 225 321 Magoffin, Samuel, 225 Masonic College, 259, 260 Magoffin trading expedition, 281 Masons, Grand Lodge of Mo., formed, Magruder, John Bankhead, 102 137; Mo. Lodge No. 12, 137; Joachim Maguire, Edward J., 384 Lodge No. 25, 137; St. Charles Lodge Mahan, George A., 105-06 No. 28, 137; Missourians in, who have Mahnkey, Douglas, 383 become President, 137; first lodge Maier, Walter A., 281-82 north of Mo. River, 347; Corinthian Main Street, by Sinclair Lewis, 231 Lodge No. 265, A.F. and A.M., 390; Main Street on the Middle Border, by Missouri Lodge of Research, 392; Lewis Atherton, 194-95 publication of Grand Lodge, 394; Majors, Alexander, 225 Committee on Masonic Education, Makeever, Mrs. John, 282 394 Malang, John M., 135, 256 Masquelette, Frank, art. by, noted, 292 Malin, James C, quoted, 48, 52; The Massie, Gerald, photos by, noted, 81, Nebraska Question, 1852-1854, 198 84, 88, 112 (illus.), 113, 254 (illus.), "Man—10,000 Years Ago," art. listed, 259. 264, 266 (illus.), 348 (illus.) 418 Masters, Edgar Lee, Spoon River An­ Maner, Gene, art. by, quoted, 310 thology, 231 Manhattan (Kan.) Western Kansas Ex­ Mather, Increase, 55 press, 6 Mathews, John Joseph, 171,175 Manley, C. Benton, 67, 71, 174, 175, Maury, C. F., painting by, noted, 33, 383 (illus.) 36 Mann, Clair V., 283, 387 Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 102, 412 Mann, Mrs. Clair V., 387 Maximilian, emperor of Mexico, 102, Mansfield, Mo., 235 n. 199 Marais des Cygnes massacre, Kan., 53 Maximilian, prince of Wied-Neuwied, Marble in Mo., 352 188,349,402 Marbut, Curtis Fletcher, 33; art, on, May, Marguerite, 287 34-35 (illus.) Mayer, Fred E., obit., 94 Maries County, centennial of, 368, 380 Mayfield, Frank McConnell, 137 Marin, John, 279 May hill, C. E.,283 Marion City, Mo., art. on, noted, 84 Mayo, W. W., arts, on, listed, 314 Marionville, Mo., centennial, 74; Indian Meador, L. E., 74; trustee, 147, 183; mounds, 74 donor, 181 Mark Twain. See Clemens, Samuel Meador, Mrs. L. E., 183 Mark Twain Hobby and Antique Show, Meadville, Mo., centennial, 1959, 189, 392 369 Mark Twain Memorial Park Assoc, Mechem, Kirke (ed.), The Annals of 187,262,263 Kansas, 1886-1925,299 Mark Twain National Forest, 346 Medley, Mary. See Hunter, Mrs. Mary Mark Twain Research Foundation, 187, (Medley) 263 Memorial Day, founder of, 388 Mark Twain State Park, 187, 263, 280; Memphis, Mo., Methodist Church, historical marker in, 263 anniv., 284 Markers, highway historical, 76-77, 148, Menard, Pierre, 121, outside front cover, 161, 169-71, 190; arts, on, 105-22, Jan. issue 249-63, 342-56, noted, 189-90 Menge, Mrs. Julia, art. by, noted, 73 Markham, James W., Bovard of the Menke, Billy, art. on, noted, 290, listed, Post-Dispatch, 298-99 314 Marmaduke, John Sappington, 110, 111, Meramec Iron Works, 346 116,354 Meramec Spring, 346 Marmaduke, M. M., 110, 172 Mercier, Jean Baptiste, 119 Marmaduke house, 110 Merrill, Horace Samuel, Bourbon De­ Marquette, Jacques, 143, 347 mocracy of the Middle West, 1856- Marshall, Richard A., 175, 392 1896,200 Marshall, W. J., art. by, noted, 394, Merrimac (steamboat), 417 listed, 418 Methodist Church Marshall, Mo., Methodist Church, his­ —Arcardia High School, 118 tory of, noted, 86 —Beliefontaine , 386 Marshall, Tex., Missouri Confederate —Central College, centennial, 177; capital in, 344 incorporated, 379 Marshfield, Mo., centennial, 1956, 189, —Central College for Women, 259 368; art. on tornado in, noted, 397 —Central Wesleyan College, Warren­ Marshfield Mail, special edition of, 387 ton, 114 Marten, Chauncy H., 288 — Chaffee, 289 436 Missouri Historical Review

—early churches, 136-37 104; casualties at Battle of Franklin, —Glensted, 76 Tenn., 128 n.; book on early economic —Liberty, 177 policy of, 196-97; sobriquets for, —Locust Grove, Midway, 73 253-54; motto of, 254; authors, art. —McKendree, 115 on, noted, 291; climate, art. on, 309, —Marshall, 86 311-12; population, art. on, 311-12; —Memphis, Mo., 110th anniv., 284 admitted into the Union, 347; became —missionary work, 129, 136-37 a state, 350; meaning of name, 350; —New Madrid circuit est., 312 described in Duden's "Report," 367; —Rocheport, 177 books on, 390, 398-99; independent —St. Charles College, 347 voting in, art. on, noted, 396, listed, —Senate Grove Immanuel, 178 418; literary history of, 399; Literary —Trinity, Moberly, 80 Map of, noted, 389 —Wellington, centennial, 178 Missouri Archaeological Society, 175; Methodist Episcopal Arcadia High Ozarks chapter, 175, 392; organized, School. See Ursuline Academy 143-44; Preservation of Sites Com­ Mexican Revolution, 19 mittee, 144 Mexican War, 8 n., 13 n., 19, 21, 22 n., "Missouri as the Missionary of the 27 n., 32, 155-56 (illus.), 222, 225-27, American Idea," by Paul I. Wellman, 253, 260, 298; Mo. Mounted Volun­ 217-29 teers in, 225-27 (illus.) Missouri Assoc of Farm Mutual In­ Mexico, Mo., "Saddle Horse Capital of surance Companies, 168 the World," art. on, noted, 188; cited Missouri Association of Teachers of by National Municipal League, 285 English, 389 Mexico Weekly Missouri Ledger, est., 380 Missouri Board of Pardons and Paroles, Miami, Mo., centennial, 1959, 189, 369; 280 historical items about, noted, 388; Missouri Botanical Garden, founder of, Savings Bank, 388 184 Michailoff, Helen, 286 Missouri Boys Town, 346 Michel, Stella, 82, donor, 288 Missouri City, Mo., centennial, 1959, Middlebush, Frederick Arnold, 56, 78, 189,369 79; "Appreciation Day," 79; por­ Missouri Compromise (1820), 290, 347 trait of, noted, 179 Missouri Farmers' Assoc, 117 Middleton, J. H.,176 Missouri Geological Survey, 346 Midway, Mo., Locust Grove Methodist Missouri Historical Review, 103, 150; Church, 73 editor of, honored, 55-56; available Midwest, book on, 194-95, 1856-96, 200; in school libraries, 391 1727-1850, art. on, listed, 216 Missouri Historical Society, 175, 282-83, "Military Protection of the Santa Fe 384-85; archives of, 69; museum, 351 Trail and Trade," by Otis E. Young, Missouri History Not Found in Text­ 19-32 books, 97-103, 205-15, 308-15, 410-17 Militia, Civil War Missouri Horticultural Society, 389 —Mo. State Guard, 354, 377 Missouri: Midland State, by Earl A. Militia, Mexican War Collins and Felix Eugene Snider, 398 —1st Reg. of Mo. Mounted Vol., Missouri Pacific Railroad, 214, 254, 257, 156, 260, Company A of, 253 351, 380; Southwestern Branch, 345 —2nd field art., Battery B, 85 Missouri Power and Light Company, Miller, Alfred Jacob, 402 history of, noted, 82 Miller, Galen, 67 Missouri Press Assoc, 117, 168, 280 Miller, George W., 176 Missouri River, junction with Mississippi Miller, John, 22, 112; quoted, 19 River, 348 (illus.) Miller, McClellan (Clell), 291 Missouri School for the Deaf, thesis on, Miller, Moses, 294 70 Miller, Mrs. N. B., 85 Missouri Society of Washington, D. C, Mills, early 287 —Bollinger, 78-79 Missouri Soil Survey, 35 —Fields, 397 Missouri State Council of Defense, 123 n. —Turner, Oregon County, 192 Missouri State Teachers Assoc, 117 —Watkins, 71,261 Missouri Territory, art. on press in, —Watts, 396 listed, 215 Miltenberger, Val E., donor, 182 Missouri Valley College, 386 Miltenberger family, record of, noted, Missouri Writers' Day, 399 182 Missouri Writers' Guild, 390-91 Mines, Oronogo Circle, 256 Missourians, described, 217-29 Minnesota, public health movement in, "Missouri's Archaeological Site Survey," book on, 89 by Carl H. Chapman, 143-46 (illus.) Minnesota Historical Society, 184 "Missouri's New Program for Highway Miro, Estevan, 319, 320 Historic Marking," Part I, 105-22, Mississippi, casualties at Battle of Part II, 249-63, Part III, 342-56, Franklin, Tenn., 128 n.; native-born directed by Floyd C. Shoemaker who settled in Mo., 129 "Missouri's Proslavery Fight for Kansas, Mississippi County, history of, noted, 1854-1855," Part III, by Floyd C. 83 Shoemaker, 41-54 Mississippi River Parkway Foundation, 390 "Missouri's Tennessee Heritage," by Mississippi Valley Historical Assoc, Floyd C. Shoemaker, 127-42 68,80 Mitchell, Jesse A., obit., 203 Missouri, provisional government in, Mitchell, Wirt, obit., 306 1861-1865, 343-44, thesis on, 69; Moberly, Mo., 246 n.; Trinity Methodist official manual of, 87; wild flowers of, Church, 80; Public Library, anniv., books on, 87-88; geography, book on, 178; arts, on early history of, noted, 88; geologic history of, art. on, listed, 190 Index 437

Mockingbird Piano, The, by Jean Bell Musick, John R., 153 Mosley, 201 Myers, Max, 296 Modjeski, Ralph, 291 Myers, William T., verso t.p. Jan. issue Moffett, E. R.,255 Moffett, Fred Dudley, obit., 94 N Mohammed, birth of, 145 Moll, Justus R., 287 Naeter, Fred W., 187; art. and book on, Monitor (steamboat), 417 noted,86,200 Monroe, James, art. on, listed, 104 Naeter, George A., 187; art. and book Monroe, Marilyn, 97 on, noted, 86, 200 Monroe County Historical Society, 151, Naeter, Harry, book on, 200 280 Nardin, William T., obit., 203 Montgomery, Eugene Emmett, obit., National Archives, 390 407 National Assoc, of Mutual Insurance Montgomery, John F., obit., 407 Companies, 168 Montgomery City, Mo., centennial, National Council for the Social Studies, 1959,189, 369 68 Montgomery County, garden clubs, 79 National Democratic Party, Kan., 49 Montgomery family, 88 National Kindergarten Union, 37 Monuments and memorials, 76-79, 128 National Municipal League, contest (illus.), 157, 160, 179-80, 387 of, 81 Mooney, Belle S., verso t.p. July issue National Old Trails Road, 260 Moore, Adella B., art. by, noted, 83 National Park Service, 289 Moore, Dorothy O., art. by, noted, 387 National Wildlife Federation, 78 Moore, Joseph H., trustee, 147 Native Sons of Kansas City, 72, 151, Moore, Martin, obit., 94 175-76, 385; and restoration of Ft. Moran, Thomas, 402 Osage, outside front cover, Jan. issue, Morgan, Barney N., 67 122, 170-71; bulletin of, noted, 395 Morgan, Dale, L., Jedediah Smith and Nave, Abram, 137 the Opening of the West, 197; arts. ed. Nebraska Question, 1852-185^, The, by by, listed, 215, 314, 418; (co-auth.), James C. Malin, 198 Jedediah Smith and His Maps of the Necchi, Jolson, Fellowship, 286 American West, 403 Neff, Mary, outside back cover, July Morgan, George, 317, 318, 319, 344 issue (illus.) "Negro Soldier" (Benton painting), Morgan, James Morris, 326 loaned,151,173,180-81 Morgan County, cemetery inscriptions, Negroes, thesis on business education noted, 182 in schools of, 69; Piney Woods School Morgenthaler, Charles A., 80 for, 208-09; anecdote on, 210-11; "Mormon War," 228 Lincoln University, 254, 392; de- Mormons, 155-56, 260, 261; book on segration of in St. Louis, art. on, Temple Lot of, 199; at Gallatin, Mo., quoted, 411 250-51; art. on, noted, 397 Nelson, John, 86 Morrill, Amos, 393 Nelson, Margaret. See Stephens, Mrs. Morris, Courtland P., 394 Margaret (Nelson) Morrow, Robert D., 137 Nelson, William R., 296 Morrow, W. A., 205 Nelson, William Rockhill, 218 Morton, Nona, art. by, quoted, 313-14 Neosho, Mo., historical marker, 148, Mose, Carl, 285 342, 343-44; early history of, 343-44 Mosier, Mrs. Bessie, art. by, noted, 397 (illus.); county museum, 344; Federal Mosley, Jean Bell, The Mockingbird fish hatchery, 344 Piano, 201 Nevada, Mo., centennial planned, 284 Motley, Mrs. R. L., 72, 176, 283 New Britain, Conn., Art Museum ex­ Mott, Frank Luther, 67 hibition, 151,180-81 Mt. Pleasant Church, centennial, 177 New Cambria, Mo., art. on, 101 Mountain Grove, centennial, 1957, 189, New England Emigrant Aid Company, 369 53 Mountain men, 220-23 (illus.) New Franklin, Mo., 112 Mouser, Mrs. William A., 168 New Jerusalem Church, art. on, listed, Mudd, Henry Thomas, 389 417 Mueller, Irene B., obit., 203 New Madrid, Mo., historical marker, Mueller, Paul A., Jr., 381 148, 342, 345, dedicated, 169-70 (illus.), Mueller, Ralph, verso t.p. Apr. issue 183, 189, 190, 317, pictures of, outside Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel, 151 front cover, July issue, noted, 179; Muldrow, William, 180; art. on, noted, high school band, 170; art. on history 84 of, 317-27; handbill advertising, 1788, Mules, art. on, listed, 104; first in Mo., 318 (illus.); plan of fort, 319 (illus.); 112 St. Isadore Catholic Church, 312, Mullanphy, John, 8 n. 344; land frauds in, 326, 345; Im­ Mulligan, James A., 172, 259, 377-78 maculate Conception Church, 326-27; Mulligan stew, recipe for, 101 Methodist Church, 321, 344; early Munger, George, 80 history of, 344-45 Munger, Mrs. H. W., 283 "New Madrid, Mother of Southeast Mis­ Murphy, C. E., 397 souri," by Floyd C. Shoemaker, 317-27 Murphy, Mrs. Sarah (Barton), 137 New Madrid County, 323-24 Murphy, William, 137 New Madrid District, 317-23 Murphy family, Holt County, 88-89 New Madrid Earthquake, 127, 141, Murphysburg, Mo. See Joplin, Mo. 324-26, 345; art. on, noted, 394 Murrah, Pendleton, 102 New Mexico Territory, legal code of, Museum of the American Circus, 225 Sarasota, Fla., 86 New Orleans, La., early history of, Music in Mo., art. on, noted, 395-96 319-20,322 438 Missouri Historical Review

New Philadelphia, Mo. See Arrow Old Spanish Trail; Santa Fe to Los Rock, Mo. Angeles, The, by Leroy R. Hafen and New Tennessee, Mo., 129 Anne W. Hafen, 298 New York City, N. Y. On the Oregon Trail: Robert Stuart's —American Art Union, 209 Journey of Discovery, ed. by Kenneth —Metropolitan Art Museum, 269, A. Spaulding, 197 279 Opening of the California Trail, The, ed. —Wellons Gallery, 181 by George R. Stewart, 88-89 —Whitney Museum of American Art, "Order No. 11" (Bingham painting), 181 196, noted, 253 New York (state), Missouri congressmen Order of Good Templars, Grand Lodge from, 135 of Missouri, organized, 379 New York Community Trust, 78 Ordinance of 1787, 319, 323 New York Evening Post, 5, 365 Oregon, Mo., First Presbyterian Church Newberger, Berthold, 67 centennial, 74; first woman's club in Newhouse, Samuel L, 391 Mo. organized, 100; art. on hogs in, Newspapers, in Mo., thesis on, 70 1869,309 Newton, Emmett, art. on, noted, 87 Oregon (state), "father of," 159; Mis­ Newton County Historical Society, 151 sourians in,206 Nichols, Alice, Bleeding Kansas, 400-01 Oregon County, early mill in, 192 Nicollet, Joseph Nicholas, 221 Oregon Historical Society, 206 Nield, Edward N., 76 Oregon Trail, 106, 348; book on, 197; Niess, William Victor, obit., 95 starting point of, 252 Nifong, F. G., 77 O'Reilly Veteran's Hospital, 285 Nifong, Mrs. F. G., 77 Orleans, Territory of, 323, 350 Nobel Prize, 188 Ormond, Edward, 385 Nolan, Olliver W., 179 Ormsby, Waterman, 214 Noll, Earl B., 178 Osteopathy, founder of, 137; first college Norris, Jewett, 356 of, 257, 258 North, Mrs. Emmett P., 71 Osterhout, Homer C, 287 North, J. R.,391 Osterhout, Mrs. Homer C, donor, 287 North Carolina, casualties at Battle of Oswald, Cecil, 286 Franklin, Tenn., 128 n.; native-born Overland to California on the Southwestern who settled in Mo., 129; Mo. congress­ Trail 18^9, Diary of Robert Eccleston, men from, 135 ed. by George P. Hammond and North Kansas City, Mo., founded, 261 Edward H. Howes, 88 North Missouri Normal School. See Owens, Hugh Morris, thesis by, 69 Northeast Mo. State Teachers College Oxford, England, university of, 55 North Missouri Railroad, 138 Ozarks, 97-98, 117; fiddle tunes in, art. North Springfield, Mo., 353 on, listed, 104; derivation of name, Northeast Missouri Press Assoc, 280 119; Tennessee heritage of, 130-32; Northeast Missouri State Teachers Col- early political parties in, 132; typical ledge, theses of, 1952-53, 68-69; scene in, to be displayed, 190-91; founded, 258 books on,201 Northfield, Minn., raid by the James gang, art. on, noted, 291, listed, 315 "Northfield Raid, and Its Ann Arbor Sequel," art. listed, 315 Pacific Railroad. See Missouri Pacific Northrup, John H., 188 Railroad Northwest Missouri Press Assoc, 168 Page, Bacon, & Company, St. Louis, Nowlin, Mrs. Sam S., 79 379 Nuderscher, Frank B., 80; painting by, Paitzdorf, Mo. See Uniontown noted, 290 Palmquist, C. M. (co-ed.), Wild Flowers Nuttall, Thomas, outside front cover, of Missouri, 87-88 Jan. issue, 121 Palmquist, E. M., photos by, noted, 87 Nye, Bill, 205 Palmyra, Mo., incorporated, 1855, 189; Nystrom, Mrs. T. R., 67 centennial of, 368 Panama Canal, 191 Papin, Lewis B., donor, 289 O Paradise, Mrs. Mary E., obit., 94 "Oakwood," home of Abiel Leonard, Paris, France, university of, 55 358 Park College, 84, 386 Obituaries, 91-96, 201-04, 303-07, 405- Parker, Alton, 133 09 Parker, Mrs. Katherine McAfee, picture O'Connor, Basil, 76 of, noted, 84 O'Donnell, William V., obit., 407 Parker, Theodore, quoted, 53 O'Flaherty, Daniel, 412; General Jo Parkman, Francis, 402 Shelby: Undefeated Rebel, 199, noted, Parks, roadside, Alexander W. Graham, 102 79; Maude Hall Jones, 79; Forts of Ogle, Joseph, back cover, Jan. issue 1812, 112, Slover, 253; South Ten O'Hanlon, John, 384 Mile, 254; Wiese, 356 Ohio, native-born who settled in Mo., Parks, state. See State parks 129; Mo. congressmen from, 135 Parkville, Mo., historical marker, 72, Oklahoma, Cherokee Strip, book on, 84 303 Parkville Industrial Luminary, destroyed, "Old Bullion." See Benton, Thomas 379-80 Hart (senator) Parnas, Leslie, 385 Old Gravois Coal Diggings, The, by Mary Parris Mitchell of King's Row, by Henry Joan Boyer, 404-05 Bellamann, 328, 337, 339 "Old Hickory." See Jackson, Andrew Parrish, William E., "General Nathaniel Old Home Town, by Rose Wilder Lane, Lyon, a Portrait," 1-18 235, 237-38, 239, 240 Parrish, William Earl, thesis by, 69 Index 439

Paschall, Nathaniel, 137 Pike County, origin of term "Piker," "Passavant and 'Missouri'," art. listed, 262 216 Pike County Historical Society, 72, 176, Patee House, St. Joseph, 350 283, 385; organized, 151 Patrick, James C, 379 Pilant, Richard, 208; art. on, noted, Patten, Nathaniel, Jr., thesis on, 69 289-290 Patterson, James F., 170 Pilgrim Congregational Church, St. Louis, Patterson, Roscoe Conkling, obit., 203 78 Pattie, James Ohio, 221 Pillow, Gideon Johnson, 345 Patton, William A., 99-100 Pillow, James H., 85 Pauly, G. A., verso t.p. Apr. issue Pilot Knob, Mo., historical marker, 119 Payne, Howard, 381 Pilot Knob, Battle of, 118 (illus.) Payne, Moses U., 177; art. on, noted, Piney Woods (Miss.) School, art. on, 292 208-09 Pea Ridge, Ark., Battle of, 183,346 Pinkerton National Detective Agency, Peace Conference, Washington, 1861, 302 156-57 Pinkham, Mary Jane Robinson, obit., Peale, Charles Wilson, 279 306 Pearson, O. H., verso t.p. Jan. issue Pioneer life, 101; exhibits of, noted, 193 Peck, James Hawkins, 135 "Pioneer Mother" statutes, 190, 260; Peck, Raymond E., 179 art. on, noted, 187 Peckham, Howard H., Captured by Pioneer's Mission: The Study of Lyman Indians; True Tales of Pioneer Copeland Draper, by William B. Survivors, 402-03 Hesseltine, 299-300 Peckinpaugh, Adah Elizabeth, 177 Pitts, Charles, 291 Pell, Claiborne, 191 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, 81 Penman, T. A., 170 Platte County, old homes tour, 72, 172, Pennington, Eunice, art. by, noted, 180 283; courthouse, 172; Flintlock church, Pennsylvania, Missouri congressmen from 172 135 Platte County Boots and Saddle Club, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 72 Philadelphia, exhibit, 151-52,180, Platte County Historical Society, 151, 268,279 385-86; erects historical marker, 84; People's Health, The, by Philip D. Jordan, tour, 72, 172, 283; "Bulletin" of, 386 89 Platte County Self-Defensive Assoc, Pepper, Mattie, donor, 177 379-80 Peril, W. A., 224 Platte Purchase, 134,159 (illus.), 349 Perine, George E., engraving by, 353 Platz, Marvin Herman, thesis by, 70 (illus.) Pleasant Hill, Mo., centennial, 1959, Perino, Gregory, art. by, listed, 314 189,369 Perkins, Eli, 100 Pleasanton, Alfred, 102, 257, 411 Perkins, George H., 416 Plessinger, Martin Kocker, thesis by, Perrine, Roberta, 174 69 Perry, Donald, 289 Polio vaccine, 188 Perry, Mo., "Homemaker's banquet," Polk, James K., 127 76; origin of name, 187; Mark Twain Polk, Trusten, 102 Research Foundation, 263; Mark Polk, Wayne W., obit., 306 Twain Hobby and Antique Show, Pony Express, 106, 348, 349; commemor­ 392; Kiwanis Club, 392; Study Club, ation, 75; established, 214; statue, 349 392 (illus.); Stables, 350 Perry County, Lutherans in, 109 Pony Express Trail Association, 208 Pershing, Mrs. Ann Elizabeth (Thomp­ Pool, Cance A., 415 son), 138 Pope, John, 327 Pershing, John Fletcher, 138 Portage des Sioux, Mo., 347 Pershing, John J., 138, 217; statue of, Portell, Thomas, 321 284-85 Porter, Mrs. Clyde, art. by, noted, 85, Peters, Frank L., verso t.p., July issue 187-88 Petersen, William J., verso t.p. Oct. Porter, James, 136 issue; art. by, noted, 185, listed, 216, Porter, John C, 258 418 Pottawatomie Mission, Kan., church, Peterson, Norma Lois, thesis by, 70 labor school, and Indian girl's school, Petites Cotes, Les. See St. Charles 271 Pettis County Historical Society, 151 Potter, Andrew Jackson, 224-25 Pew, John B., donor, 289 Potter, Howard C, 383 Peyroux, Henre, 320 Pough, Richard, 191 Pheiffer, Helen, obit., 204 Povey, Dorothy, art. by, noted, 295 Phelps, John S., 288, 345-46, 353 Powell, Clyde, obit., 306 Phelps, John Smith, art. on, 38-40 Powell, Mary. See Blanton, Mrs. Mary (illus.); home of, 39 (illus.) (Powell) Phelps County, centennial of 1957 Power, Edward J., art. by, listed, 418 planned, 283, 385; museum, 283 Powers, Everett, obit., 306 Phelps County Historical Society, 151, Powers, John F., 74 283,385 Presbyterian Church Phi Beta Kappa, 374 —Bowling Green, 176 Phillips, Alroy, obit., 94, 306 —Cumberland Academy, 258 Pictorial History of the Wild West, by —Elizabeth Aull Seminary, 259 James D. Horan and Paul Sann, 300 —Liberty, 73, 176 Pie suppers, 331-32 —Old School, 74 Pierce, Franklin, 5,46 —Oregon, 74 Pierre a Fleche. See Arrow Rock, Mo. —St. Charles, early, 347 Pike, Zebulon M., 262 Preston, Eugene L., donor, 177 Price, Ebenezer, 50 440 Missouri Historical Review

Price, Gordon Williams, thesis by, 70 —Hannibal and St. Joseph, 38, 74, Price, R. B., 147 348 Price, Sterling, 13, 102, 118, 138, 188, —Iron Mountain, 118-119 206, 218, 257, 259, 354, 377-78; ap­ —Kansas Central, art. on, listed, 104 pointed major-general, Mo. State —Little River Valley and Arkansas, Guard, 14; Price-Harney agreement, 375 14, 18, repudiated, 15; Planters Hotel —Missouri Pacific, 214, 254, 257, 345, meeting, 15 (illus.); at Wilson's Creek, 351,380 17; military governor of New Mexico, —North Missouri, 138 228 —St. Louis and Hannibal, 72 Price, William, 172 —St. Louis-San Francisco, steam loco­ Price House, Ste. Genevieve, 352 motive No. 1501, 283, 385 Primm, James Neal, 174; arts, by, listed, —Wabash, 85 104, 216, noted, 186; Economic Policy Raisz, Erwin, maps by, noted, 90 in the Development of a Western State: Ralls County, anniv. of home demon­ Missouri, 1820-1860, 196-97 stration work in, 76; history of, noted, "Princess of the Missouris," 120 (illus.) 82; oil boom, art. on, noted, 84 Princeton University Press, 226 Ralls County Court, 180 Printing, color-gravure, thesis on, 69 Ralston Purina Company, 78 Pritchard, J. A., 415 Ramel, Joseph F., obit., 306 Proctor, A. Phimister, 187, 257 Randolph, J. D., 177 Proctor, David M., 72 Randolph, Vance, art. by, listed, 104 Professional Status of the Missouri Randolph County, arts, on history of Superintendent of Schools and Their noted, 80 Opinions concerning Educational Train­ Rangers, 113 ing, thesis, 70 Ranney, William T., 402 Prokes, Albert J., verso t.p. Jan. issue Rathbone, Perry T., 191; (ed.), West­ Pro-Slavery Aid Society, Buchanan ward the Way, 402 County, 51 Ray, E. Lansing, 391 Prout, Vera J., The Race for Land, 303 Ray, E. Lansing, Jr., 391 Puckett, E. P., 381 Rayburn, Otto Ernest, art. by, listed, Puckett, Mrs. E. P., 381 418 Pulaski, Casimir, 151 Reader, Harold L., 394 Pulaski County, art. on archaeology of, Real Americans, The, by Hyatt Verrill, listed, 314 302 Pulaski County, Ark., 324 Ream, Vinnie. See Hoxie, Mrs. Vinnie Pulitzer, Joseph, I, 218, 299; memorial (Ream) plaque, 78 Reavis, L. U.,360 Pulitzer, Joseph, II, art. on, inside back Rebel Mail Runner, by Manly Wade cover, Oct. issue, 150; obit., 407-08 Wellman, 405 Pullen, Roscoe, 178 Red Brush School District, Sullivan Pulliam, E. L., obit., 306 County, art. on, noted, 397, quoted, Pyle, Mr. & Mrs. Homer, donors, 287 410 Pyramids, at Gizeh, Egypt, 144 Reddick, Norman Joseph, art. ed. by, noted, 294; obit., 306 Q Redford, Martha, 282 Quaife, Milo Milton (ed.), A Voyage to Redpath, James, 46 the Northwest Coast of America, by Reed, James A., thesis on, 70 Gabriel Franchere, 403-04 Reed, J. L., "Chill Cure" of, 392-93 Quant, Mrs. Ruth (Melcher), 147 Reeder, Andrew H., 44, 45, 46 Quantrill, William Clark, 218, 261, 300 Reelfoot Lake, Tenn., 325-26 (illus.), Quarles, John, 263 345 Quarles, Samuel P., 176 Reese, H. M., obit, 95 Queensbury, Marquis of, 220 Reeve, T. I., 99 Quest, Mrs. Dorothy, portrait by, Regan, Maurice, 67 noted,290 Rehkopf, Charles F., 282; art. by, noted. Quigley, Margery, 188 394, listed, 417-18 Quimby, George I., Indians of the Western Rehwinkel, Alfred M., 382 Frontier; Paintings of George Catlin, Reid, Mrs. William, 388 402 Reimnitz, Charles, art. by, listed, 216 Quinine, early use of, 138; pills, 392-93 Rendezvous with Chance: How Luck Has Quinn, William M., 296 Shaped History, by Walter Hart Blumenthal, 301 Rensselaer, Mo., art. on, noted, 293 R Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of R-l Consolidated School District, 193 Latter Day Saints, 252; Auditorium R. R. Bowker: Militant Liberal, by E. of, 253; see also Mormons McClung Fleming, 200-01 Report of the State Reorganization Com­ R. W. Dugan (steamboat), 395 mission of Missouri, by the Com­ "Race and Class Conflict on Missouri's mission, 296-97 Cotton Frontier," art. listed, 104 Repp, Arthur C, 281 Race for Land, The, by Vera J. Prout, Reps, Louis W., donor, 33; art. by, 303 noted,87 Radford, Mrs. Arthur, 79 Republican party, 132; convention of Radio school, 410 1860, 363; convention of 1872, 364 Radio stations, 98, 387 Resources and Development Division, Rahill, Peter J., The Catholic Indian booklet by, 81 Missions and Grant's Peace Policy: Retallick, Harold J., 67 1870-188^,201 Reuber, H. E., obit., 408 Railroads, state aid to, 132; state debt Revolutionary War, episode, outside on, 1852, 132; art. on in Ralls County, back cover, Apr. issue (illus.); plaque noted, 293; histories of, noted, 368 honoring soldiers unveiled, 286 Index 441

Rex McDonald (horse), 188 Roosevelt, Theodore, 133 Reynolds, Annabel, 282 Rosati, Joseph, 77 Reynolds, S. P., 169 Rosati, Mo., 346 Reynolds, Thomas C, 102 Rose, F. P., art. by, noted, 395 R. F. D. No. 3, by Homer Croy, 333, 335, Rosen, Jerome D., 385 336 Ross, Leone Ford, 85 Rhea, William, 76 Rost, Mrs. Vincent H., 170 Riccio, Anthony C, verso t.p., July Rouse, Charles F., 176 issue Routh, Dewey, 283 Rice, Herbert F., art. by, noted, 398 Rowley, R. R.,262 Richardson, Ancil, 80 Royal Gorge, 119 Riches, George, 413 Rozelle, Mrs. Alice C, 71, 175 Richmond Heights, Mo., Woodward Rozier, Ferdinand, 352; art. on, noted, School, 289 192; grave of, 192 Rickard, Tex, 217 Rozier, George A., 74, 148, 296; art. on, Rickett, H. W., photos by, noted, 87 verso b.c. Jan. issue Rickett, Theresa C, Wild Flowers of Rozier, Mrs. George A., 287 Missouri, 87-88 Rozier, Leo J., 374 Ridge, Albert, 414 Rucker, Frank W., verso t.p. Apr. issue Ridgeway, Matthew B., 393 Ruffin, James E., 135, 383 Riebel, Alex C, obit., 408 Runcie family, 386 Riley, Bennett, 22-23, 27 n. Runyan, Charles Shelby, thesis by, 70 Riley, C. V., 154 Rupe, Gilead, 260 Rinehart, Rupert L., 149 Ruskin College, "The Multitude In­ Ringling, John, 86 corporated," 355 Ritter, Joseph E., 77 Russell, Charlie, art. on, listed, 315 Rizer, Mrs. Virginia, 386 Russell, Charles M., 405 Roads, St. Genevieve, Iron Mountain, Russell, Vic, art. by, noted, 294, 397 Pilot Knob Plank, 119; "father of," Russell, Majors, and Waddell, 173, 259, in Mo. See Malang, John M.; Missis­ 349 sippi River, book on, noted, 390; art. Ruxton, George Frederick, 221; quoted on, quoted, 410; Three Notch, 351 226 Roadside parks. See Parks, roadside Ryland, John F., 357, 358, 359 Robbins, Frederick C, art. on, noted, 188 Roberts, Lorin W., verso t.p., July issue Robidoux, Joseph, 348 Robidoux family, 221 Saarmen, Arline B., art. by, noted, 181 Robidoux, Post, 221 Sacagawea (Indian guide), outside front Robinett, Paul M., 249; verso t.p., July cover, Jan. issue, 121; art. on, noted. issue 85 Robinett, William M., 296 Sagaser, C. G., art. on, noted, 81 Robins, Ruby M., inscriptions comp. by, ''Sage of Potato Hill.'' See Howe, Ed outside front cover, Jan. issue, 109- St. Charles, Mo., historical marker, 148, 22,249-63,342-56 342, 348; temporary capital, 253; Robinson. Charles, 41-42 (illus.), 43, 46, Society of the Sacred Heart in, 270- 47,50,53 71; art. on archaeology of, listed, 314; Robinson, Frank L., 287; donor, 294 early history of, 347-48; St. Charles Robinson, G. Wilse, 380-81 Borromeo Church and cemetery, 347- Robinson, James F., 282 48; first Masonic lodge north of Mo. Robinson, Leah, 168 River, 347; Baptist Church, 347; Robinson, Omar E., obit., 306, 380-81 Presbyterian Church, 347 Robyn, William, 385 St. Charles College, 347 Rocheport, Mo., Methodist Church St. Charles County, Germans in, 114 anniv., 177; burned, 1864, 389 St. Charles Missourian, 347 Rock of the Cross. See Grand Tower St. Clair, Mo., Folk Festival in, 193; Island Saddle Club, 193 Rock Port, Mo., incorporated, 1855, 189; St. Clair County, founding of, 81 centennial of, 368 St. Cosme, Jean Francois Buisson de, 110 Rockhold, H. K., obit., 408 St. Francis Levee District, 169 Rockhurst College, 257; thesis on, 69 St. Francois County, art. on, noted, 83 Rocktown, Arkansas, by Oris W. Coan, St. Gemme Beauvais House, St. 201 Genevieve, 352 Rockwell, Norman, paintings by, 247, St. James, Mo., 346 248 (illus.); picture by, 329 (illus.) St. Johns Levee drainage system, 345 Rockwell, Orrin, 156 St. Joseph, Mo., museum, 72-73; Pony Rode, J. J., 383 Express Stables, 75; history of, noted, Rodgers, Harris D., 77, 169, 190; donor, 75; tour of old homes, 85; Historic 82-83 Homes Foundation, 85; Westminster Rogers, Edmund C, 140 Church, 99; art. on, listed, 104; marker Roland, Claude, 83 site to be chosen, 148, 342, 350; early Roland, Mrs. Claude, 83 history of, 348-50; Krug Park, 350; Rolla, Mo., historical marker site chosen, school and library memberships in 148, 342; historical marker, 347; early State Historical Soc, 391 history of, 345-47; State Trachoma St. Joseph Historical Society, 72-73, Hospital, 346 151,176,386 Rollins, James S., 267 St. Joseph News-Press, special edition Roney, Ruth Bogart, donor, 182; From of, 75 Entry Fee to 'Fifty-Three: History of St. Louis Lawson's Three County Community, —Aloe Plaza, 351 302 —Arsenal, 1861, 3-4 (illus.), 6-8 Roop, Lewis W., donor, 81 —arts, on, listed, 314 442 Missouri Historical Review

—Associated Printers and Litho­ St. Louis Historical Documents Found­ graphers, 295 ation 151 —Asylum for the Blind, 139 St. Louis Medical College, 139 —Barnes Hospital, 78 St. Louis Missouri Gazette, established, —Bellefontaine cemetery, 139 350 —Boatmen's National Bank, 269 St. Louis Post-Dispatch, microfilmed, —British attack on, 1780, 350 inside back cover, Oct. issue; theses —Cathedral, 77, 351 on, 69 —Christ Church (Episcopal), 394 St. Louis Republican, 137 —City Art Museum, 191, 192, 269, St. Louis-San Francisco Railroad, steam 279 351 locomotive No. 1501, 283, 385 —Civil War in, 1861, 1-18 St. Louis School of Thought, 36 —Concordia Historical Institute, 151 St. Louis Star-Times, thesis on, 69 —Des Peres School, first kindergarten St. Louis University, theses of, 1952- in, 36-37 1953, 69; chartered, 350 —Eye and Ear Infirmary, 139 St. Louis Wrstliche Post, 364 —Federal Records Center, art. on, St. Mary's of the Barrens Seminary, 77 listed, 417 St. Vincent's College, 115 —Forest Park, 351 St. Vrain, Cerain, 221, 222, 401 —Freedman's Bureau, 139 Ste. Genevieve, Mo., historical marker —historical marker, 148, 343, 351 148, 342, 352; Fleur-de-Lys Club, 192; —history of, murals on, noted, 80; historic cemetery, 192; early history art. on, 350-51; book on, 404-05 of, 351-52 (illus.); first Masonic lodge —Infirmary for Diseases of the Throat, west of Mississippi River, 351; first 139 academy in Mo., 351; Catholic Church, —Jefferson Memorial bldg., 290, 385 351; museum, 352 —Jefferson National Expansion Saline County Historical Society, 77, Memorial, 351 149,151,386;tour, 172-73 —John Scullin School, 82, 288 Salt River Trail, beginning of, 347 —Kiel Auditorium, 286 Saltpeter caves, 345 —Kindergarten, first in U. S., 36-37 Saltzman, Mrs. Henrietta, 308 —Lutheran Church, Western District, Saluda (steamboat), 260 74 Sampson, Francis A., 368 —"Mayor Messages" of, noted, 368 Sampson, Willis B., 174 —Medical College. See St. Louis Samuels, Mrs. Zerelda, 413 Medical College Sanders, W. F., verso t.p. Oct. and July —Medical education in, 1836-61, thesis issues; picture of, noted, 84 on, 70 Sanford, Col.—, 100 —Mercantile Library Assoc, 139 Sann, Paul (co-auth.), Pictorial History —Messiah Lutheran Church, 382 of the Wild West, 300 —Missouri Athletic Club, 290 Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de, 27, 29, —Missouri Botanical Garden, 139, 351 30 —Negroes, desegregation of, 411 Santa Fe, N. Mex., picture of, outside —Old Courthouse, 351 front cover, Oct. issue, noted, 280; —Page, Bacon & Co., 379 trail to Los Angeles from, 298 —Paul Brown building, 80 Santa Fe Crossing, Missouri River, 111 —Pilgrim Congregational Church, 78 Santa Fe trade, 121, 253; art. on, 19-32; —Planters House hotel, meeting, 1861, book on, cited, 139; military protection 15-16 (illus.) to, 19-32, 186 —printing in, arts, on, noted, 295 Santa Fe Trail, outside front cover, Jan. —Saint Vincent's Hospital, thesis issue, 80, 106, 110, 111, 112, 121, 171, on, 69 225, 257; art. on, 19-32, noted, 84; —school and library memberships in historical markers on, 105; Cimarron State Historical Soc, 391 cut-off on, 184; starting point of, —Scruggs-Vandervoort-Barney store, 252 (illus.) 137 Sappington, John, 110, 138, 172; School —Soldiers' Memorial, 351 Fund, 110, 138, quinine pills of, 392- —Stix, Baer, and Fuller, restores 93; lawsuits of, 393 "Tower Grove," 184 Sappington, William B., 172 —Temple of B'nai-El Hebrew congre­ Sappington cemetery, 110, 172; house, gation, 380 110 —Tennessee Society, 140 Saunders, Ripley, Colonel Todhunter of —Union High School, 139 Missouri, 246 —waterfront, 1837-40, 91 Saveland, Robert N., Geography of Mis­ —Webster Publishing Co., 390 souri, 88 —William Clark Society, 151 Sawmills, 265, 266 (illus.) —Woman's Club, 100-01 Schallenberger, Moses, reminiscences of, —World's Fair, 85; art. on, listed, 215 noted, 88 St. Louis (steamboat), 417 Schlafly, James J., 284 St. Louis Agricultural and Mechanical Schmandt, Henry J., 296 Assoc, incorporated, 380; fair of, 380 Schofield, John M., 17 St. Louis and Hannibal Railroad, 72 Schools and school districts in Mo., St. Louis Christian Advocate, early editor theses on reorganization of, 70; early, of, 137 New Madrid, 1793, 312 St. Louis County, Hospital for the In­ Schurz, Carl, art. on, 363-65 (illus.) sane, 139; historical map of, noted, Schwada, John, 296 288; public officials conference 295; Scott, Dred, case. See Dred Scott case map of, noted, 295 Scott, John, 352 St. Louis County Historical Society, Scrivner, Errett P., 85 151,295 Scruton, Alice Louise, obit., 307 St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 391 Scruton, George H., 307 Index 443

Sedalia, Mo., centennial of, 393; Heard Siegrist Engraving Company, Kansas Memorial Club House, 393 City, donors, 151, 288 Seelitz, Mo., settled, 109 Sigma Delta Chi, Wells Key of, 374 Seiberling, George Henry, 177 Silkville, Kan., pamp. on, noted, 291, Seifert, Elizabeth. See Gasparotti, Mrs. listed, 314 Elizabeth (Seifert) Simkins, Francis Butler, A History of the Seitz, Emil, outside back cover, July South, 90 issue Simmersman, Mrs. Hugh, 282 Self Chapel School, arts, on history of, Simpson, Thomas Alexander, 223 noted,193 Singleton, W. T., 85 Seminole War, 13 n. Skelcher, William T., donor, 99, 102 Senate Grove Immanuel Methodist Skelton, S. W.,390 Church, 178 Slaughter, Seth, 79 Senators, U. S., from Mo., 133-35 Slavery, issue in Kan., 41-54 Seneca, Mo., 344 Sloan, David E., 387 Sergeant, J. B., 255 Small Town in Twentiety Century Missouri Seward, Ben F., verso t.p. Jan. issue Fiction, 1900-1950, thesis, 68; art., Seward, William Henry, 363 230-48, 328-41 Shahaka (Indian chief), outside front Smiser, Mrs. A. Lee, 282, verso t.p. cover, Jan. issue, 121 July issue Shanklin, Wilbur M., thesis by, 70 Smith, B. P., obit., 408 Shannon, Hugh, 343 Smith, — (Blackfoot), 401 Shannon, Thomas J., 392 Smith, Forrest, verso t.p. Apr. issue, Shannon, W. M.,224 150,249,415 Shannon, Wilson, 44-45 (illus.), 48-50, Smith, Mrs. Forrest, verso t.p. Oct. 53 issue Sharp, Dale W., 178 Smith, Francis, 296 Sharp, Eugene W., 67 Smith, Israel A., trustee, 147 Shatto, Dorothy C, thesis by, 69 Smith, J. F. (Calamity), art. on, noted, Shaw, Bernard, arts on, and by, listed, 293 216 Smith, James Hardin, obit., 95 Shaw, Henry, 184 Smith, Jedediah, 220-21; books on, 197, Shaw, Joel, 261 403 Sheets, George, 294 Smith, John "T." See Smith T., John Shelby, Joseph Orville, 218, 251, 257, Smith, Joseph, 156, 218, 250, 252, 261; 344, 411-12; art. on, 102; book on, 199 and "Mormon War," 228; death of, Sheley, Ol, 213 228 Sheppard, Lee, 147 Smith, Louis A., verso t.p. July issue Sheridan, Philip, 102 Smith, Ophia D., art. by, listed, 417 Sherman Silver Purchase Act, 362 Smith, R. C.,213 Shields, James, 100, 393 Smith, Thomas A., 172; farm (Experi­ Shields, Winifred, art. by, noted, 189 ment), 110 Shockley, Kenneth S., thesis by, 69 Smith, Winston Clay, art. by, noted, 83 Shoemaker, Carl, 78 Smith, T., John, 135-36 Shoemaker, Floyd C, 103, 152, 183, Smithton, Mo. See Columbia 207-08, 228, 229, 292, 312; annual Smithton Land Company, 116 report of, 147; receives honorary Smitten, Mrs. Kenneth H., 179 degrees, 55-56, 374; personal messages Snead, Marie, 67 from, 55-56, 161, 273, 368-69; speaker Snead, Thomas L., 15, 16 n. 80, 106, 161, 169, 174, 175, 189, 190 Snelson, Walter, 283 392; art. on, noted, 81, listed, 104 Snider, Felix E. (co-auth.), Missouri; helps choose sites for markers, 107 Midland State, 398, noted, 390 portrait of, to be painted 281; honored Snively, Jacob, 26-28, 29 by Senate Resolution No. 98, 375- Snow, Thad, art. by, listed, 104, obit., 76; lectures by, 410 307; From Missouri, 401-02 Shoemaker, Floyd C. (ed.), "This Week Social and Economic Correlates of Iso­ in Missouri History," 33-40, 153-60, lation for the Counties of Missouri, 264-72, 360-67; "Missouri's Proslavery thesis, 70 Flight for Kansas, 1854-1855," Part Social customs, 101; art. on, noted, 294 III, 41-54; "Missouri's New Program Social Stratification in a Northeast Mis­ for Highway Historic Marking," Part souri Farming Community, thesis, 70 I, 105-22, Part II, 249-63, Part III, Society of the Sacred Heart, in St. 342-56; "Missouri's Tennessee Herit­ Charles, Mo., 269-71, 347, 348; in age " 127-42; "Annual Meeting of the Paris, France, 269; in Florissant, Mo., State Historical Society of Missouri, 270; in Louisiana, 270; in St. Louis, 1954 " 147-52; "New Madrid, Mother Mo., 270; in Pottawatomie Mission, of Southeast Missouri," 317-27 Kan., 271 Shoemaker, Mrs. Floyd C, 207, 208; Sodeman, W. A., 178 speaker, 183 Somerville, George W., 174, 382 Short, Dewey, 74 South, history of, 90 Shrum, Edison, arts, by, noted, 291-92 Southeast Missouri, book on, 401-02 Shuck, Kenneth M., 67, 174, 183 Southeast Missouri State College, 115; Shull, Bettie B., thesis by, 69 museum, 115 Shut-ins, Stout's Creek, 119 Southern, William N., Jr., 137-38 Sibley, George C, 121, outside front Southwest, book on, 297-98 cover, Jan. issue, 348; built trading Southwest Missouri State College, 353 post at Arrow Rock, 111, 172; at Ft. Spanish, books on, in the Southwest, Osage, 171 297-98; at New Madrid, 317-23 Sibley, Mary, 348 Spaulding, Kenneth A. (ed.), On the Sibley, Mo., outside front cover, Jan. Oregon Trail; Robert Stuart's Journal of Discovery, 197 issue, 121 Spencer, George A., 372 Sidenfaden, William, 213 444 Missouri Historical Review

Spencer, Mrs. James W., verso t.p. —Mark Twain collection, 263 Oct. issue —membership; members active in Spillman, William Jasper, 181 increasing, 56-59, 161-63, 168, 273- Spilman, John F., 181 75, 369-71; new, 59-63, 164-67, 276- Spitz, Paul, 282 79, 371-73; total, 59, 149, 164, 208, Spoon River Anthology, by Edgar Lee 276, 371; donated to Missouri schools, Masters, 231 63; life, 66-67, 68, 149, 168, 273; Spring, Leverett Wilson, quoted, 50 county historical societies affiliated Springfield, Mo., founder of, 138; histori­ with, 67, 71; largest in U. S., 81, cal marker, 148, 342, 354; Public 185; growth of, 374; school and Library, 174; Art Museum, 174, 183, library, 391 354; art. on history of, noted, 193; —Microfilm record, 150, 375; policy, early history of, 353-54 inside back cover, Oct. and July Springfield (Mo.) Archaeological Society, issues 67 —newspaper files of, 150, inside b.c. Springfield, Battle of, 183, 206 July issue, 375 Stadler, Lewis J., obit, 95; art. on, 98- —officers of, 64, 106, verso back cover, 99 Oct., Jan., and July issues; elected, Stafford, Maurice L., verso t.p. Apr. 1954,147 issue —paintings loaned, 151-52, 180-81 Stahl, Henry, 410 —publications of, 150, inside b.c July Stanberry, Mo., 75th anniv., 178-79 issue Stanberry Headlight, special edition, 179 —quarters, inside back cover, Apr. Stanley, John Mix, picture by, noted, issue, 116 (illus.) 281 —secretary of, honored, 55-56, 374-75 Stanley, Louise, obit., 95 —storage cabinets of, 150 Stansell, Sister Mary Eustacia, thesis —survey of highway marker programs, by, 69 106, 161; survey of historic subjects Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 100 for marking, 107 Stapel, John C, donor, 168 State of Missouri Official Manual for the Stapp, Mrs. Florence, 72 Years 1953-195^, comp. by Walter H. Stark, Edwin, 176 Toberman, 87; noted, 183 Stark, J. D.,206 State parks, Stark, James, art. on, 310 —Arrow Rock, 110, 111 Stark, James Hart, 310; cabin of as —Big Oak, 192, 345 museum, 261 (illus.), 262; orchard, —Big Spring, 78 261-62 —Crowder, 354 Stark, Mrs. Jane (Waits), 310 —Fort Zumwalt, 347 Stark, Lloyd Crow, 282, 310 —Lewis and Clark, 350 Stark Nurseries, 310 —Mark Twain, 187, 263, 280 Starr, Belle, 286, 300 —Sam A. Baker, 387 State Agricultural Board, 389 —Van Meter, 145 State convention. See Convention, state State penitentiary, 254 State flag, described by Mark Twain, State reorganization, book on, 296-97 227-28 State Rights party, Kan. See Law and State Geological Survey, 34 Order party State Highway 41 A, historical marker State seal, adopted, 254 on,111 Statler, Earl, 178 State Highway 6, 251 n. Steamboats State Highway 25, historical marker on, —A. C. Bird, 395 116 —Arabia, 52 State Highway 21, historical marker on, —Chickasaw, 416-17 (illus.) 119 —City of Alton, 7 State Historical Society of Missouri, —Francis X. Aubrey, 295 —acquisitions, 74, 279-80, 284, 287-88, —Goldenrod, art. on, noted, 290, 289, 291, 294,295,388-90, 393 listed, 314 —Annual Meeting of, 1942, 64; 1947, —Hartford, 416-17 249; 1948, 249; 1954, 147-52, 280-81 —Independence, 86, 112 (illus.), 413 —art collections, 151-52, 189, outside —Merrimac, 417 back cover, Oct., Jan., Apr., & July —Monitor, 417 issues —R. W. Dugan, 395 —art. on, 103 —St. Louis, 417 —Bay, J. Christian, collection, verso —Saluda, 260 b.c Jan. and July issues —Stonewall, 211-12; art. on, noted, —Benton collection, verso b.c Jan. 186 and July issues — Tecumseh, 416-17 —bequests and gift to, 64-66, 152 — Tennessee, 416-17 (illus.) —Bingham collection, 264, 268 (illus.), — Thomas Jefferson, 413 269, inside b.c. July issue — Western Engineer, outside front —city and town history collection, cover, Jan. issue, 121, 257 368-69 "Steamboating on the Missouri River," —Finance Committee, 107, 147 art. on, listed, 418 —fire damage to quarters, 285 Steinbicker, Paul, 296 —Fitzpatrick collection, 181, inside Stephan, Martin, 109 back cover, July issue Stephen F. Austin: Father of Texas, by —founded, 116-17 Carleton Beals, 403 —highway historical marker program Stephens, Bertha Floyd, verso t.p. July of, 76-77, 80-81, outside front cover, issue Jan. issue, 148, 161, 169-70, 172; Stephens, Hugh, 77 arts, on, 105-22, 249-63, 342-56 Stephens, Lawrence Vest, 181 —library, 374-75 Stephens, Lon V., 111-12 —map collection, 375-76 Stephens, Mrs. Margaret (Nelson), 181 Index 445

Stephens College, 116, 212 Telephones, first long distance in Mo., Stephenson, Hugh E., Jr., 279 115 Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm, Baron von, Television stations, 98 151 Teller, Henry Moore, book on, noted, 68 Stevens, B. Cordell, donor, 288, 295 Ten Mile Garden, 116 Stevens, Elisha, 89 Tennessee, connections with Mo., 127-42; Stevens, Robert T., 80 casualties at Battle of Franklin, Tenn., Stevens, S. K., verso t.p. Oct. issue 128 n.; native-born who settled in Stevens, Thaddeus, 310 other states, 129-31; Missouri governors Stevens, Walter, B., 153, 360 from, 131-33; Missouri senators from, Stewart, George R. (ed.), The Opening of 133-35; Missouri judges from, 135 the California Trail, 88-89 Tennessee (steamboat), 416-17 (illus.) Stewart, R. M.,350 Tennessee Historical Commission, 127 n. Stiles, William [pseud.] See Chatwell, Tennessee Historical Society, 127 n. Bill Tent shows, art. on, 313-14; early, art. Still, Abraham, 137 on, noted, 193 Still, Andrew Taylor, 137, 258; College Terrell, Alexander Watkins, 102 of Osteopathy and Surgery. See Kirks­ Terry, Robert James, arts, by, listed, ville College of Osteopathy and Sur­ 314,417 gery. Texas, "Invincibles," 26, 28; casualties Stockton, Mo. See New Cambria, Mo. at Battle of Franklin, Tenn., 128 n.; Stoddard County, history of, noted, 80 Austin colony in, 223; struggle for Stokes, Mrs. Nelle Stewart, obit., 204 independence, 298 Stone, William Joel, thesis on, 70 Thatch, Dewey P., obit., 204 Stonewall (steamboat), art. on, noted, Theses relating to Missouri, 1952-53, 186, quoted, 211-12 68-70 Stonewall Jackson and the Old Stonewall "This Week in Missouri History," ed. Bridage, by John Esten Cooke, ed. by by Floyd C. Shoemaker, 33-40, 153- Richard Barksdale Harwell, 301 60,264-72,360-67 "Storm" (Bingham painting), art. on, Thomas, John R., verso t.p. July issue noted, 191 Thomas, Lorenzo, 13 Stout, Ephraim, 118 Thomas Jefferson (steamboat), 413 Strop, William, 386 Thompson, Ann Elizabeth. See Persh­ Stuart, James Ewell Brown (Jeb), 411, ing, Mrs. Ann Elizabeth (Thompson) 412 Thompson, David, journals of, 90 Stuart, Robert, book on, 197 Thompson, Henry C, arts, by, noted, Stukenbroeker, George H., obit., 95 73, 186; trustee, 147 "Stump Speaking" (Bingham painting), Thompson, W. P., House, 356 art. on, noted, 188-89 Thorp, James T., 388 Styles, 1922, 205-06 Thruston, Mrs. Ethylene Ballard, 213 Suelflow, August R., 282; The Heart of Thurman, A. L., Jr., thesis by, 70 Missouri, 199 Thwaites, Reuben Gold, 198 Suelflow, Roy A., arts, by, listed, 104, Tibbetts, James G. C, donor, 295 216 Tingley, William, 255 Sugg, Thomas J., obit., 96 Tip Top Mountain, 119 Sullivan, Floyd M., obit., 95 Tipton, Ernest Moss, obit., 408 Sullivan, John L., 86 Tisdel, Frederick Monroe, obit., 96 Summers, Dale P., 177 Titterington, P. F., 175 Sumner, E. V., 46, 51 "Titterington Focus—Red Ochre—[St. Sunday schools, first in Mo., 137 Charles]," art. listed, 314 Suttle, Harry L., 67, 174 Toberman, Walter H. (comp.), State of Sutton, James E., obit., 95 Missouri Official Manual for the Years Swaim, Marvin, 140 1953-1954,87 Swain, E. E., 147, 150; art. on, inside Todd, Mary. See Lincoln, Mrs. Mary b.c July issue (illus.) (Todd) Swanson, Mrs. J. N., verso t.p. Oct. Todd, William L., 227, 228 issue Tolton, Augustine, art. by, noted, 396 Swanson, Roy P., 176 Tom Sawyer, by Samuel Clemens, noted, Swearengen, Orsen H., art. on, 308 83 Sweeney, John D., thesis by, 69 Tong, Marvin E., 67, 175 Sweeney, S. Ray, 390 Tong, Marvin E., Jr., 392; arts, by, Sylvan School, Lawrence County, art. listed, 104,216,418 on, noted, 181 Toole, Joseph K., 228 Symington, Stuart, 178 Topeka, Kan., free-state convention at, 1855, 43, 44, 45; Topeka Movement, 45, 46-47, 48; Constitutional Con­ vention in, 46 "Tower Grove," Shaw home, 184 Table Rock, Reservoir area, art. on, Town of Kansas, Mo. See Kansas City noted, 185; Dam, 185 Towne, Ruth Warner, thesis by, 70 Tait, Florence, 287 Towns, small, in Mo. fiction, thesis on, Take Three Doctors, by Mrs. Elizabeth 68; arts, on, 230-48, 328-41 (Seifert) Gasparotti, 330, 337 Townsend, John, 88 Tammany, Mrs. Stephen C, verso t.p. Townsend.L. G., 78 Jan. issue Trail Drivers Assoc, 224 Taney, Roger B., 290 Treasure hunts, Platte County, art. on, TaumSauk, 119 noted,295 Taussig, Barrett L., 385 Trenton, Mo., historical marker, 148, Taussig, F. W.,217 342, 356; early history of, 354-56 Taylor, Mrs. Cecil B., donor, 411 Trenton Junior College, 355 Taylor, Maxwell, 393 Trinity Lutheran Church, Altenburg, Tecumseh (steamboat), 416-17 109,110 446 Missouri Historical Review

Trollope, Mrs. Frances, 220 U. S. Medical Center for Federal Troy, Mo., Buchanan High School Prisoners, 353 graduates, thesis on, 68 U. S. Soil Survey, 35 Trudeau's House, 221 Unity Baptist Church. See Flintlock Truitt, Mrs. Mae, 76 Baptist Church Truman, Harry S., 127,137, 383; Library, University of Kansas City, 257; theses plans, 76; art. on, noted, 84, quoted, of, 1952-53, 69 414, listed, 417; "Summer White University of Missouri, 116; degree to House" of, 253; picture of, noted, Curtis F. Marbut, 35; 112th commence­ inside b.c July issue ment, 55-56; honorary degrees awarded Truman, Ralph E., 382-83 by, 55-56, 64; acting-president of, 1954, Trumbo, S. C, 174 68, inside back cover, Apr. issue; Tucker Leo 224 graduate theses of, 1952-53, 69-70; Tucker', Nathaniel Beverly, 110,172 Memorial Student Union, 78, 147, 179; Tucker, William C, verso t.p. Apr. issue portrait presented to, 78; Alumni Turley, Alice Hayden, thesis by, 69 Assoc, 79, 179; Middlebush Appreci­ Turnbo, J. C, arts, by, noted, 183 ation Day, 79; Library, 116 (illus.); Turner, C. Helmer, 392; art. by, listed, Columns, 117 (illus.); early history of, 216 117; School of Journalism, 117; Jeffer­ Turner, Clay, art. on, noted, 192; mill, son tombstone, 117; Memorial Tower, 192 117; Sanborn (Agr. Exper.) Field, Turner, Frederick Jackson, 300 117; Division of Archeological Re­ Turpin, William, 176 search, 143; Western Historical Manu­ Turtle, Howard, art. by, noted, 188 scripts Collection, 174, 186, inside Tuskegee Institute, 208 back cover, Apr. issue; site for secured, Twappity Baptist Church, 129 212; Board of Curators, 179, 280; Two Together, by Louise Piatt Hauck, School of Mines and Metallurgy, 346 242-43,330 Upp, Gregory, art. by, listed, 216 Typographical Union, No. 40, art. on, Upton, Mrs. Lucile Morris, 67, 174, noted, 395, listed, 418 313; arts, by, quoted, 97-98, noted, 193 Urbana, Mo., art. on early school in, 412 U Ursuline Academy, 118 U. S. S. Missouri, 391 Utz, William Henry, Jr., 177 Unconditional Unionist party, St. Louis, 3 Under Glass, by Nancy Clemens, 232 Union City. Mo. See Joplin, Mo. Union Committee of Safety, St. Louis, "Valinda" (bubble dancer), art. on, 3, 10-11 noted,193 Union Electric Company, 82 Valle, Jean Baptiste, House, Ste. Gene­ Union Republican party, 132 vieve, 352 Uniontown, Mo., 109 Vanatta, Robert, 177 Unionville, Mo., centennial, 1957, 189, Van Brunt, Henry, art. by, noted, 396 369 Van Buren, Martin, 134 United Brethren Church, Avalon College Vandivort, Clyde A., 78 of, 355 Vandivort, Mrs. Clyde A., 78; obit., 408 U.S. Army, 6th Infantry, 22, 24; 1st Van Doren, Carl, quoted, 231 Infantry, 22 n.; Mounted Ranger Van Meter State Park, "Old Fort," Battalion, 23, 24, 25; 1st Reg. of 145 Dragoons, 25, 31; First Cav., 51; Van Rensselaer Academy, art. on and Military Government Dept., 68; His­ pictures of, noted, 293 torical Advisory Committee, 68, 80; Van Zandt, Issac, 29 Infantry, 1808, outside front cover, Vassar College, gift to, 77 Jan. issue, 120; 6th Infantry, 1828, Vaughan, Victor Clarence, 217 186; 35th Division, 382-83 Vera Cruz, Battle of, 183 U. S. Census Population Schedules, "Verdict of the People" (Bingham Maryland, 390; South Carolina, 390 painting), art. on, noted, 189 U. S. Congress Vernon, Miles, 380 —1815, act for relief of earthquake Vernon, Wallace G., 76 victims, 326, 345 Vernon County, founding of, 81; Blue •—1833, established 1st reg. of dragoons, Mound Indian burial mound, 146 25 (illus.); centennial of, 368, 380 —1856, voted on admission of Kansas, Verrill, Hyatt, The Real Americans, 302 46 Versailles, Mo., art. on history of, noted, —1878, Bland-Allison Act, 362 193-94 —1917 Selective Service Act, 354 Violette, E. M., A History of Missouri, U. S. Constitution, 13th amendment, 399 132, 262; 15th amendment, 262 Violette, M. A., 262 U. S. Forest Service, 118 Virginia, highway historical markers, U. S. Geological Survey, 346 105; native-born who settled in Mo., U. S. Highway 36, historical markers 129-31; Mo. governors from, 131; on,106 Mo. congressmen from, 135 Uni­ U. S. Highway 40, historical markers on, versity of, 312, founder, 312 112,114,117 Viscarra, Jose, 23 U. S. Highway 61, historical markers on, Vocabularies, in Missouri Valley, thesis 106, 110, 169; Indian mound near, on, 69 146 Voelker, Frederic E., 282, 384 U. S. Information Service, Voice of Voelkerding, Walter J., 114, 366; donor, America, 289-90 360 U. S. Land office, Franklin, 112; Jackson, Voelkerding, Mrs. Walter J., 114 115; Lexington, 259 Volunteer State. See Tennessee Index 447

Von Holtzendorff, Mrs. John D., obit., Wentworth Military Academy, 172, 259; 408 75th anniv., 75, 82, 377-78 (illus.); Voyage to the Northwest Coast of America, special postal cancellation of, 75 A, by Gabriel Franchere, ed. by Milo West, Charles O., obit., 307 Milton Quaife, 403-04 West, books on, 88-90, 197, 298-300, 302-03 West of the Water Tower, by Homer Croy, 233-34, 237, 238, 239-40, 243, 329, W 331 Wabash Railroad, 85 West Point Military Academy, 2, 8 n. Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Conn., West Tennessee Historical Soc, 127 n. 191 Western Engineer (steamboat), outside Wagon Roads West, by W. Turrentine front cover, Jan. issue, 121, 257 Jackson, 89 Western Sanitary Commission, 139 Waits, Jane. See Stark, Mrs. Jane Weston, Mo., art. on fires in, 396-97 (Waits) Westport, Mo., 257; and the Santa Fe Wakarusa War, Kan., 1856, 49-50 Trail, 20, see also Kansas City Waldo Academy, 387 Westport, Battle of, 257, 288; art. on Walker, Elmer, 283 noted,188 Walker, J. H., 345 "Westward March of America" (De Walker, James P., 135 Maris painting), noted, 151 Walker, Jesse, 129, 136 "Westward the Way" (St. Louis exhi­ Walker, John Hardeman, 136 bition), arts, on, noted, 191, 192 Walker, Mrs. Preston, 384 Wetherell, Gene W., 177 Walker, Ralph, 120, 378 Wetmore, Alphonso, 225 Wallace, George K., obit., 408 Whaley, Robert Franklin, thesis by, 70 Wallace, Marquess, 173, 381 Wharton, Clifton, 25, 26 Wallbrunn, Mrs. Bertha (Loeb), 64, Wheat, Carl I. (co-auth.), Jedediah Smith 152 and His Maps of the American West, Walsh, N. S. Chouteau, obit., 96 403 Walther, C. F. W., 109 Wheaton, Clarence L., Historical Facts War of 1812, 111, 112, 113, outside front Concerning the Temple Lot, 199 cover, Jan. issue, 121, 262, 347, 404 When to Lock the Stable, by Homer Croy, Warfield, Charles A., 27, 28 328 334 Warren, David M., gift of life member­ Whita'ker, Mrs. O. B., 67 ships, 66-67;donor, 149, 168, 184 Whitaker, Mrs. Wallace, 388 Warren Stephanie Anne, 168 Whitcraft, Mrs. P. F., obit., 96 Warren County, 366 (illus.); Germans White, Edgar, quoted, 141 in,114 White, Mrs. Elmer, art. by; noted, 397, Warrensburg, Mo., centennial planned, quoted, 410 189,368 White, L. Mitchell, 147, 175, 375, 415; Warrenton, Mo., 114 art. by, noted, 86 Washington, George, 97, 151 White, M. Catherine (ed.), David Thomp­ Washington, Mrs. Martha (Curtis), son's Journals Relating to Montana and 91 Adjacent Regions 1808-1812, 90 Washington, D.C, Statuary Hall, 135 White River, art. on prehistory of, listed, Washington County Historical Soc, Pa., 104 344 White River country, arts, on, noted, Washington Female Seminary, 115 183 Washington University, 64, 139, 279; Whiteaker, John L., 228 theses of, 1952-1953, 70; chartered, Whitesville Baptist Church, anniv., 75 350 Whitfield, J. W., 45, 135 "Watching the Cargo" (Bingham paint­ Whitney Museum of American Art, ing), 268 (illus.); loaned, 153, 180, 279 New York City, 181 Waters, H. J. (Jack), 150 Whittemore, Margaret, arts, by, noted, Watson, James H., 74 187,396 Watters, Paul E., obit., 204 Whitton, Rex M., 77, verso t.p. July Waverly, Mo., centennial, 1959, 189, issue 369 Wickliffe, William N., 24 Wayne County, organized, 324 Wiese, Kurt, illus. by, 303 Webb, John C, 138 Wilcox, Arthur, 106 Webb City, Mo., 256; founder of, 138 Wild Flowers of Missouri, by Theresa C. Webster, Daniel, 380 Ricketts. Photos by H. W. Rickett Webster County, centennial of, planned, and E. M. Palmquist, 87-88 73,284,368,380,387 Wideboor, William, obit., 204 Webster County Historical Society, 73, Wilder, Daniel W., 299 151,284 Wilder, Laura Ingalls, 180; award, 180 Weinhold, Theodore A., 74 Wildlife Management Institute, 78 Wellington, Mo., Methodist Church, Wiley, Bell Irvin (ed.), Fourteen Hundred centennial, 178 and 91 Days in the Confederate Army, Wellman, Manly Wade, Rebel Mail 300-01 Runner, 405 Wilkinson, James, 319, 320, 400; art. Wellman, Paul I., speaker, 147; "Mis­ on, listed, 104 souri as the Missionary of the American William Clark Society, 151 Idea," 217-29; Glory, God and Gold, William Jewell College, 212, 260, 292; 297-98 endowment, 77; Hall, 260 (illus.); museum, 260 Wellons Gallery, 181 William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, Wells, Jeanette, verso t.p. July issue 269, 279; purchases Bingham painting, Wendling, George B., 100 189; Bingham exhibition of, 189 Wentworth, Stephen G., 75 Williams, Clyde, obit., 204 Wentworth, William, 75 Williams, Jack, art. by, noted, 85 448 Missouri Historical Review

Williams, John R., 83 Wornall Home, 288 Williams, Roy D., 71, 286; trustee, 77 Worth County Historical Society, Williams, William Sherley (Old Bill), organized, 151 171,176,218,221,401 Wrench, Jesse, 143, 175, 392; art. on, Williams, Walter, 112; quoted, 87 noted, 394, listed, 418 Williamson, Hugh P., art. by, noted, Wright, Amos, 284 290, listed, 314, 418, quoted, 313, 415 Wright, C. B., obit., 307 Wilson, Dean, 148 Wright, Edward C, Jr., verso t.p. Apr. Wilson, Elizabeth Imogene, thesis by, issue 176 69 Wright, Harold Bell, The Calling of Dan Wilson, Robert Kent, obit., 409 Matthews, 234, 235, 239, 329, 331, 335, Wilson, Thomas C, 141 337 Wilson's Creek, Battle of, 1, 16-17 (illus.), Wulfekammer, Verna, 78 181, 183, 346, 353-54 (illus.) Wyant, William K., Jr., art. by, noted, Wilson's Creek Battlefield Foundation, 192 151 Wyllie, Irvin G., art. by, listed, 104 Wimar, Charles, 402 Windsor, Mo., Christian Church cen­ tennial, 177 Winn, Robert W., 415 Winston, Mo., holdup in, 251 Yarnell, Mrs. Ilene Sims, donor, 76, Wisconsin State Historical Society, 149, 182,194 300 Yates, James Andrew, 77 Wise, Hal M.. Jr., 71; donor, 288 Yates, W. F., 77 Withers, Abijah, 123 Yeatman, James Erwin, 139 Withers, Mrs. Ethel (Massie), 176, Yeckel, Louis F., obit., 409 verso t.p. Apr. issue; art. by, noted, Yellowstone Expedition, 105 n., Ill, 121, 76 outside front cover, Jan. issue, 413 Withers, Mark, 224 Young, Brigham, 222 Withers, Robert Steele, 184; "The Mad­ Young, Erma, art. by, noted, 85 stone," 123-26; art. by, quoted, 210-11, Young, Ewing, 22 noted,294 Young, Garland, 385 Wittenburg, Mo., settled, 109-110; cen­ Young, Leilyn M., book by, noted, 86; tennial, 1957,189, 369 Fifty Years of Community Service: Witthaus, John A., 394 The Naeter Brothers and the Southeast Wittrock, "Terrible" Fred, 300 Missourian, 200 Wolf, Moses, 187 Young. Otis E., "Military Protection of Wolfe, Thomas, 231 the Santa Fe Trail and Trade," 19-32 Wolfskill, C. G., 190 Young Doctor Galahad, by Mrs. Elizabeth Wolverton, Forrest E. (co-auth.), Mis­ (Seifert) Gasparotti, 240, 244-45, 248, souri Writers: a Literary History of 330,333,337,338,339 Missouri, 1780-1955, 399 Younger, Cole, 218; art. on, noted, 291 Woman suffrage, first society in Mo., Younger, Jim, art. on, noted, 291 100 Younger, Robert, art. on, noted, 291 Women's Christian Assoc, 100 Younger brothers, 300 Woman's Club, first one in Mo., 100 Yount, Mrs. T. H.,393 Wood, Dean, 396 Wood, James M., Jr., verso t.p. Oct. issue Wood, R. F.,282 Zane, Andrew, outside back cover Apr. Woods, Charles L., 147, 148 issue Woodson, Silas, 350 Zane, Ebenezer, outside back cover Apr. Wool, John Ellis, 227 issue Workman, Mrs. William, 72 Zane, Elizabeth, outside back cover Apr. World War I, A. E. F., 138 issue (illus.) World War II, 393; Japanese surrender, Zane, Jonathan, outside back cover Apr. 391 issue Worley, Ted. R., verso t.p. Jan. issue Zane, Silas, outside back cover Apr. issue Wornall, Frank Clay, obit., 96 Zinc and zinc mining, 255, 343 ^Missouri Historical ^Review

Floyd Q, Shoemaker, Sditor

Volume XLIX

October igS4—July zgtf

Published by State Historical Society of ^Missouri Columbia, Missouri 1955 CONTRIBUTORS

BAILEY, EUTOPIA O., teacher of English and speech, La Plata, Missouri. CHAPMAN, CARL H., assistant professor of sociology and director of American Archaeology at the University of Missouri, Columbia. CULMER, FREDERIC A., lawyer and professor emeritus of history and political science, Central College, Fayette, Missouri. PARRISH, WILLIAM E., graduate assistant in history, University of Missouri, Columbia. ROBINS, RUBY MATSON, research associate, State Historical Society of Missouri. SHOEMAKER, FLOYD C, secretary of the State Historical Society of Missouri. YOUNG, OTIS E., professor of history, Bradley University, Peoria, Illinois. WELLMAN, PAUL L, author and lecturer, Los Angeles, California. WITHERS, ROBERT STEELE, farmer, Liberty, Missouri.

CONTENTS Page ANNUAL MEETING OF THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI. By Floyd C. Shoemaker 147 ELLIS, ELMER Verso back cover, April issue GENERAL NATHANIEL LYON. A PORTRAIT. By William E. Parrish 1 HEROIC DEEDS OF FORMER TIMES Back cover Oct., Jan., Apr., & July issues HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS 55, 161, 273, 368 LEONARD-BERRY DUEL OF 1824. By Frederic A. Culmer 357 MADSTONE, THE. By Robert Steele Withers 123 MILITARY PROTECTION OF THE SANTA FE TRAIL AND TRADE. By Otis. E. Young 19 MISSOURI AS THE MISSIONARY OF THE AMERICAN IDEA. By Paul I. Well- man 217 MISSOURI HISTORY NOT FOUND IN TEXTBOOKS 97, 205, 308, 410 MISSOURI'S ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE SURVEY. By Carl H. Chapman 143 MISSOURI'S NEW PROGRAM FOR HIGHWAY HISTORIC MARKING, PARTS I, II, AND III. By Floyd C. Shoemaker. Inscriptions compiled by Ruby Matson Robins 105, 249, 342 MISSOURI'S PROSLAVERY FIGHT FOR KANSAS, 1854-1855. PART III. By Floyd C. Shoemaker 41 MISSOURI'S TENNESSEE HERITAGE. By Floyd C. Shoemaker 127 NEW MADRID, MOTHER OF SOUTHEAST MISSOURI. By Floyd C. Shoe­ maker 317 PULITZER, JOSEPH Verso back cover, October issue ROZIER, GEORGE A Verso back cover, January issue SMALL TOWN IN MISSOURI TWENTIETH CENTURY FICTION. PARTS I AND II. By Eutopia O. Bailey 230, 328 SWAIN, EDWARD EVERETT Verso back cover, July issue "THIS WEEK IN MISSOURI HISTORY" 33, 153, 264, 360 ILLUSTRATIONS Page The illustrations are listed by name or subject rather than by picture caption. Adam-ondi-Ahman with Grand River Valley in the Background 251 Arrow Rock Tavern 110 Bear Flag Designed by William L. Todd at Sonoma, June 14, 1846 227 Bingham, George Caleb, Self-Portrait 267 Bland, Richard Parks 361 Bland's Campaign Ribbon for the Democratic Nomination in 1896 362 Blow, Susan Elizabeth 36 Blow, Susan Elizabeth, Kindergarten 37 Blue Mound in Vernon County, Osage Indian Burial Place 146 Boone, Daniel, and His Dog 113 Boone, Daniel, Monument at Frankfort, Ky 220 Boone, Daniel and Rebecca Mouument at First Gravesites of 113 Boone, Nathan, House where Daniel Boone Died 113 Camp Jackson Flag 9 Chickasaw Hammering at the Tennessee in the Battle of Mobile Bay 416 Circus Midway 335 Cooke, Philip St. George 27 Country Editor's Office, H. J. Blanton 247 De Bourgmond, Etienne Veniard, Returns to Fort Orleans with His Bride. ... 120 Doniphan, Alexander William 156 Doniphan's Troops on the March 157 Doniphan's Troops on Washing Day 226 Duchesne, Mother Rose Philippine 270 Duchesne Shrine at the Sacred Heart Convent in St. Charles 271 Duden Hill in Warren County 366 Duden, Gottfried, Warren County Farm of 114 Duden, Gottfried, Title Page of His Report 366 Dustan Covering the Retreat of His Seven Children Back cover July issue Ellis, Elmer Verso back cover April issue Evangelical Lutheran College, First 109 Fire Department in Review 334 Fort Osage 121 Fort Osage Factory Building 171 Fort Osage Marker at Buckner, Missouri January, 1955, cover design Franklin, Tennessee, Monument to Missouri's Dead 128 Freedom of Speech 248 Freedom of Worship 329 Fulton's "Nobly Porticoed" Courthouse 237 Fur Traders on the Missouri Attacked by Indians April, 1955, cover design General Store is Marked by Wooden Awnings and Benches 242 German Home Guards and Pro-Southern Sympathizers Clash at Fifth and Walnut in St. Louis on May 11, 1861 12 Graham Cave in Montgomery County 144 Grand River College Building at Trenton 355 Grand Tower Island, Rock of the Cross 110 Page Green, James S 265 Harney, General William Shelby 7 Homecoming—Main Street, U.S.A 333 Houck, Louis 115 Jaeger, Herman 154 Jaeger Home East of Neosho 155 Jefferson City, First State Capitol in 376 Jefferson City, Present State Capitol in 254 Joplin with Smelter Hill in the Background 255 Kansas City Skyline Showing Bend of Missouri & Mouth of Kansas River. . . . 256 Kirk Memorial 258 Lafayette County Cpurthouse 259 Lane, James (Jim) Henry 44 Lawrence, Kansas, in 1854-1855 42 Leavenworth, Kansas, 1855, Where the "Lovers of Law and Order" Met. . . 48 Lebanon Christian Church, Setting for The Calling of Dan Matthews 330 Lewis, Meriwether, "Broken Column" Monument at Grave Near Hohenwald, Tenn 128 Lewis and Clark Expedition at Mouth of Osage River, Capitol Lunette.... 378 Lexington, Civil War Battle of 378 Liberty, Missouri, Arsenal 51 Linn, Lewis Fields 158 Loeb, Isidor 65 Logan, Benjamin, Saving Harrison from Being Scalped... .Back cover Oct. issue Lorimier, Don Louis, Tomb of 115 Lyon, General Nathaniel 2 Lyon at the Battle of Wilson's Creek 353 Lyon's Death at Vyilson's Creek 17 Mad Dog Threw Terror into the Countryside 123 Madstone 125 "Main Street" on Sunday Morning 233 Marbut, Curtis Fletcher 34 Marbut, Curtis Fletcher, at His Work 35 Mark Twain Birthplace before Removal to Park 263 Maryville's Water Tower, a "Town Character" 239 McColloch's Leap, a Celebrated Exploit Back cover Jan. issue Missouri and Mississippi Rivers, Confluence of 348 Mountain Men Appraise Each Other 222 Neosho Capitol of Missouri's "Rebel Legislature" 343 New Madrid, Plan of the Fort 319 New Madrid in 1848 July, 1955, cover design New Madrid, Handbill Advertising Expedition to 318 New Madrid, Speaker's Platform at Dedication of Highway Hist. Marker at 169 Old Fort, a Hopewell Indian Earthwork 145 Phelps, John Smith 38 Phelps Homestead at Springfield 39 Pilot Knob, Site of a Union Camp 118 Planters House in St. Louis 15 Page Platte Purchase Treaty of 1837 Being Read to the Indians 159 Pony Express Statue in St. Joseph 349 Pope's Army Leaving New Madrid to Attack Island No. 10 327 Pulitzer, Joseph Verso back cover Oct. issue Railroad Depot in a Missouri Small Town 235 Reelfoot Lake and Submerged Timber 325 Robinson, Charles, the Initial Free-State Leader of Kansas 41 Rolla, Missouri, Federal Military Encampment at 346 Rozier, George A.. Verso back cover Jan. issue St. Louis Arsenal 3 St. Louis Ceremony of Territorial Transfer 350 Ste. Genevieve, Settled in 1735 352 Santa Fe in 1846 October, 1954, cover design Sawmill 266 Schurz, Carl 363 Schurz' Music Entertained President Hayes' Family 364 Shannon, Governor Wilson 45 Stark Pioneer Cabin 261 Steamboat Independence Arriving at Franklin, May 28, 1819 112 Swain, Edward Everett Verso back cover July issue Thespian Hall As It Looked in 1867 Ill "This Week in Missouri History" 33, 153, 264, 360 University of Missouri Columns 117 University of Missouri Library, Home of the State Historical Society 116 Watching the Cargo by George Caleb Bingham 268 Wentworth Military Academy Administration Building 377 Westward March of America 252 William Jewell Hall 260 Zane, Elizabeth, Heroism of Back cover April issue

EDWARD EVERETT SWAIN

l|L||fcj|MgwpK the longest term of service on the

' ^ ^H man of the committee since 1943

Edward E. Swain ^P* for the Period from 195° to 1953 when he served as presi­ dent of the Society and as a member of the Finance Com­ mittee. He was second vice-president (1941-1944) and has been a trustee of the Society since 1933, becoming a perma­ nent trustee in 1953. During Mr. Swain's service on the Finance Committee from 1933 to date, the Society acquired its Thomas Hart Benton paintings, the Daniel R. Fitzpatrick cartoons, the J. Christian Bay collection, and the paintings, Order No. 11 and President Truman's Family Portrait. It published: Ozark Folksongs; The State Historical Society of Missouri, a Semicentennial History, 1898-1948; volumes III-XH of the Debates of the Missouri Con­ stitutional Convention of 1875; volumes XIII-XVI of the Mes­ sages and Proclamations of the Governors of the State of Missouri; and Missouri Day by Day.

Mr. Swain also made a significant contribution to the Soci­ ety's newspaper collection in 1950 when he gave a complete microfilm reproduction of the Kirksville Daily Express from June 11, 1906, through December, 1950. This was the first gift of its kind made the Society. He has continued to give the Society a contemporary microfilm file of this paper, the second such gift to the society. His contributions to the newspaper collection now amount to 100,500 pages. Dustan Covering the Retreat of His Seven Children

When the Abnaki Indians attacked the village of Haverhill, Massachusetts, March 15, 1697, during King William's War, a settler named Dustan was in his field with his seven children while his wife, Hannah, who had given birth to a child just a week before, was trapped in the house with Mary Neff who was nursing her. The Indians captured the two women, killed the baby, and burned the house before Dustan could reach home, but he held the Indians off while his children found shelter in a neighbor's house. Great was Dustan's surprise when Hannah returned weeks later, accompanied by Mary Neff and an English boy, carrying ten Indian scalps. The three captives had been handed over to a group of two warriors, three squaws, and seven Indian children and were considered harmless by the Indians. Desperate to escape, the three had attacked the sleeping Indians and had killed all but a squaw and an Indian child who had escaped into the woods. Hannah Dustan and her companions received a bounty of fifty pounds for the ten scalps, and the governor of Maryland sent them a present. This concludes the "Heroic Deeds of Former Times" series executed by the German artist, Georg Wilhelm Fasel, about 1851 and owned by the Society. The series of five prints was pub­ lished by Emil Seitz of New York, one of the earliest print and picture dealers in the United States.