pharmaceutics Article Improvement of Pulmonary Photodynamic Therapy: Nebulisation of Curcumin-Loaded Tetraether Liposomes Jennifer Lehmann 1, Michael R. Agel 1, Konrad H. Engelhardt 1, Shashank R. Pinnapireddy 1 , Sabine Agel 2, Lili Duse 1, Eduard Preis 1 , Matthias Wojcik 1 and Udo Bakowsky 1,* 1 Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany;
[email protected] (J.L.);
[email protected] (M.R.A.);
[email protected] (K.H.E.);
[email protected] (S.R.P.);
[email protected] (L.D.);
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[email protected] (M.W.) 2 Imaging Unit, Biomedical Research Center (BFS), University of Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
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[email protected] Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the most common causes for a high number of cancer related mor- talities worldwide. Therefore, it is important to improve the therapy by finding new targets and developing convenient therapies. One of these novel non-invasive strategies is the combination of pulmonary delivered tetraether liposomes and photodynamic therapy. In this study, liposomal model formulations containing the photosensitiser curcumin were nebulised via two different technolo- gies, vibrating-mesh nebulisation and air-jet nebulisation, and compared with each other. Particle size and ζ-potential of the liposomes were investigated using dynamic light scattering and laser Citation: Lehmann, J.; Agel, M.R.; Doppler anemometry, respectively. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron Engelhardt, K.H.; Pinnapireddy, S.R.; microscopy were used to determine the morphological characteristics.