Rampion Offshore Wind Farm Consultation Report – Appendix E
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1 Knowledge and Landscape in Wind Energy Planning
Knowledge and landscape in wind energy planning Maria Lee* ‘Landscape’ is relatively underexplored in legal scholarship,1 notwithstanding its occasional centrality to legal analysis, and the ways in which law contributes to the shaping of landscape.2 Landscape is also intriguing from the perspective of one of the key preoccupations of environmental lawyers, exposing starkly the perennial tension between expert and lay discourses: whilst intuitively open to lay intervention, diverse values, and local experiences of the world, landscape is simultaneously subjected to highly technical, expert-based discourses and assessments. This makes landscape a promising area in which to explore ideas of knowledge in law. Most of the legal literature on ‘knowledge’ focuses on the ways in which different ‘expert’ knowledges find their way into, and then shape, legal processes and decisions. In this paper, I am more concerned with the ways in which the planning system, and planning law, receives different knowledge claims, and accepts some of them as things we ‘know’ about the world for the purposes of reason giving. Although the planning system does not ‘find facts’, planning, like other areas of law, inevitably both shapes and is based on an inextricable combination of facts and values. Wind energy is an especially fruitful area for the exploration of landscape, since wind farms consistently raise concerns about landscape and seascape. In this paper, I explore knowledge claims on landscape within the context of applications for development consent for large wind farms, those which fall within the criteria for a ‘nationally significant infrastructure project’ (NSIP) under the Planning Act 2008.3 My discussion turns around four tentative categories of knowledge claim, categories that are not fixed or easily separated, and are irretrievably mixed with other (non-knowledge) types of claim; even their description as ‘knowledge’ may be contested. -
Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm
Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Volume 2, Chapter 6 – Commercial Fisheries PINS Document Reference: A6.2.6 APFP Regulation 5(2)(a) Date: May 2018 Chapter 6 - Commercial Fisheries Environmental Statement May 2018 Environmental Impact Assessment Liability Environmental Statement This report has been prepared by RPS, with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of their contract with Orsted Power (UK) Ltd or a subcontractor to RPS placed under RPS’ contract with Orsted Power (UK) Ltd as Volume 2 the case may be. Chapter 6 – Commercial Fisheries Report Number: A6.2.6 Version: Final Date: May 2018 This report is also downloadable from the Hornsea Project Three offshore wind farm website at: www.hornseaproject3.co.uk Ørsted Prepared by: Poseidon Aquatic Resource Management Ltd 5 Howick Place, Checked by: Felicity Browner London, SW1P 1WG Accepted by: Stuart Livesey © Orsted Power (UK) Ltd., 2018. All rights reserved. Approved by: Stuart Livesey Front cover picture: Kite surfer near a UK offshore wind farm © Orsted Hornsea Project Three (UK) Ltd., 2018. i Chapter 6 - Commercial Fisheries Environmental Statement May 2018 Table of Contents List of Tables 6. Commercial Fisheries .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Table 6.1: Summary of NPS EN-3 provisions relevant to commercial fisheries. ................................................... 4 6.1 Introduction -
Shoreham Harbour District Energy Feasibility Study Part 1 Report
Shoreham Harbour District Energy Feasibility Study Part 1 Report The Carbon Trust is a world-leading organisation of 200 independent experts helping businesses, governments and the public sector to accelerate the move to a sustainable, low carbon economy. Our team of decentralised energy experts has extensive experience of supporting the public sector and private developers to bring heat network projects from concept through to construction, providing financial modelling, business model, stakeholder management, planning policy and technical support. We are active in a number of areas to unlock barriers and accelerate the deployment of heat networks and a member of the District Energy in Cities Initiative, a global SE4ALL accelerator programme. We operate at a world- wide level, with offices in London, Beijing, Johannesburg and Mexico City. Sustainable Energy Ltd was formed in 1998 to provide independent consultancy in the renewable and low carbon energy sector. Sustainable Energy specialises in district heating, cooling and power projects. They have provided heat mapping, energy masterplanning, heat network design and impartial technical support throughout installation and commissioning for over 50MW of both urban and rural district heating schemes. They have worked on district energy projects for a wide range of clients including Government departments, Local Authorities, Universities and large commercial clients. March 2018 Prepared for: Adur District Council Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy Prepared by: Emma Ashcroft, Carbon Trust Dr Tanja Groth, Carbon Trust Charlie McNelly, Carbon Trust Dr Gabriel Gallagher, Sustainable Energy Lee Evans, Sustainable Energy Omied Khakshour, Sustainable Energy Dr Penny Challans, Sustainable Energy Adrien Grubb, Sustainable Energy Cover image is sourced from Pexels.com under the Creative Commons Zero licence. -
Reunification in South Wales
Power Wind Marine Delivering marine expertise worldwide www.metoc.co.uk re News Part of the Petrofac group www.tnei.co.uk RENEWABLE ENERGY NEWS • ISSUE 226 27 OCTOBER 2011 TAG on for Teesside spoils TAG Energy Solutions is in negotiations for a contract to fabricate and deliver a “significant” proportion of Reunification monopiles for the Teesside offshore wind farm. PAGE 2 Middlemoor winning hand in south Wales Vestas is in pole position to land a plum supply RWE npower renewables with Nordex for 14 N90 middle when two contract at one of the largest remaining onshore has thrown in the towel 2.5MW units and has landowners decided in wind farms in England, RWE npower renewables’ at an 11-turbine wind roped Powersystems UK 2005 to proceed instead 18-turbine Middlemoor project in Northumberland. farm in south Wales and to oversee electrical with Pennant. offloaded the asset to works. Parent company Years of wrangling PAGE 3 local developer Pennant Walters Group will take ensued between Walters. care of civil engineering. environmental regulators Huhne hits the high notes The utility sold the The 35MW project is due and planners in Bridgend Energy secretary Chris Huhne took aim at “faultfinders consented four-turbine online by early 2013. and Rhondda Cynon Taf and curmudgeons who hold forth on the impossibility portion of its Fforch Nest The reunification of who were keen to see of renewables” in a strongly worded keynote address project in Bridgend and Fforch Nest and Pant-y- the projects rationalised to RenewableUK 2011 in Manchester this week. is in line to divest the Wal brings to an end a using a shared access remaining seven units if decade-long struggle and grid connection. -
Modified UK National Implementation Measures for Phase III of the EU Emissions Trading System
Modified UK National Implementation Measures for Phase III of the EU Emissions Trading System As submitted to the European Commission in April 2012 following the first stage of their scrutiny process This document has been issued by the Department of Energy and Climate Change, together with the Devolved Administrations for Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. April 2012 UK’s National Implementation Measures submission – April 2012 Modified UK National Implementation Measures for Phase III of the EU Emissions Trading System As submitted to the European Commission in April 2012 following the first stage of their scrutiny process On 12 December 2011, the UK submitted to the European Commission the UK’s National Implementation Measures (NIMs), containing the preliminary levels of free allocation of allowances to installations under Phase III of the EU Emissions Trading System (2013-2020), in accordance with Article 11 of the revised ETS Directive (2009/29/EC). In response to queries raised by the European Commission during the first stage of their assessment of the UK’s NIMs, the UK has made a small number of modifications to its NIMs. This includes the introduction of preliminary levels of free allocation for four additional installations and amendments to the preliminary free allocation levels of seven installations that were included in the original NIMs submission. The operators of the installations affected have been informed directly of these changes. The allocations are not final at this stage as the Commission’s NIMs scrutiny process is ongoing. Only when all installation-level allocations for an EU Member State have been approved will that Member State’s NIMs and the preliminary levels of allocation be accepted. -
This Circular and Any Accompanying Documents Are Important and Require Your Immediate Attention
THIS CIRCULAR AND ANY ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS ARE IMPORTANT AND REQUIRE YOUR IMMEDIATE ATTENTION. If you are in any doubt as to the action you should take, you are recommended to seek your own independent financial advice from your stockbroker, bank manager, solicitor, accountant or other independent financial adviser authorised under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 if you are resident in the United Kingdom or, if not, from another appropriately authorised independent financial adviser. If you have sold or transferred all of your holding of Ordinary Shares in Drax Group plc, please forward this Circular and the accompanying documents (but not the personalised Form of Proxy or Form of Direction), as soon as possible, to the purchaser or the transferee or to the person through whom the sale or transfer was effected for transmission to the purchaser or the transferee. Any person (including, without limitation, custodians, nominees and trustees) who may have a contractual or legal obligation or may otherwise intend to forward this Circular to any jurisdiction outside the United Kingdom should seek appropriate advice before taking any action. The distribution of this Circular and any accompanying documents into jurisdictions other than the United Kingdom may be restricted by law. Any person not in the United Kingdom into whose possession this Circular and any accompanying documents come should inform themselves about and observe any such restrictions. Any failure to comply with these restrictions may constitute a violation of the securities laws of any such jurisdiction. You should read the whole of this Circular and all documents incorporated into it by reference in their entirety. -
Annex D Major Events in the Energy Industry
Annex D Major events in the Energy Industry 2018 Energy Prices In February 2018 the Domestic Gas and Electricity (Tariff Cap) Bill was introduced to Parliament, which will put in place a requirement on the independent regulator, Ofgem, to cap energy tariffs until 2020. It will mean an absolute cap can be set on poor value tariffs, protecting the 11 million households in England, Wales and Scotland who are currently on a standard variable or other default energy tariff and who are not protected by existing price caps. An extension to Ofgem’s safeguard tariff cap was introduced in February 2018 which will see a further one million more vulnerable consumers protected from unfair energy price rises. Nuclear In June 2018 the Government announced a deal with the nuclear sector to ensure that nuclear energy continues to power the UK for years to come through major innovation, cutting-edge technology and ensuring a diverse and highly-skilled workforce. Key elements include: • a £200 million Nuclear Sector Deal to secure the UK’s diverse energy mix and drive down the costs of nuclear energy meaning cheaper energy bills for customers; • a £32 million boost from government and industry to kick-start a new advanced manufacturing programme including R&D investment to develop potential world-leading nuclear technologies like advanced modular reactors; • a commitment to increasing gender diversity with a target of 40% women working in the civil nuclear sector by 2030. 2017 Energy Policy In October 2017 the Government published The Clean Growth Strategy: Leading the way to a low carbon future, which aims to cut emissions while keeping costs down for consumers, creating good jobs and growing the economy. -
Screening for Intakes and Outfalls: a Best Practice Guide
w w w.environment-agency.gov.uk Screening for Intake and Outfalls: a best practice guide Science Report SC030231 The Environment Agency is the leading public body protecting and improving the environment in England and Wales. It’s our job to make sure that air, land and water are looked after by everyone in today’s society, so that tomorrow’s generations inherit a cleaner, healthier world. Our work includes tackling flooding and pollution incidents, reducing industry’s impacts on the environment, cleaning up rivers, coastal waters and contaminated land, and improving wildlife habitats. This report is the result of research commissioned and funded by the Environment Agency’s Science Programme. PUBLISHED BY: Authors: Environment Agency, Rio House, Waterside Drive, Aztec West, N. O’Keeffe & A.W.H.Turnpenny Almondsbury, Bristol, BS32 4UD Dissemination Status: Tel: 01454 624400 Fax: 01454 624409 Publicly available www.environment-agency.gov.uk Keywords: ISBN: 1 84432 361 7 Screening, intakes, outfalls © Environment Agency February 2005 Research Contractor: All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced with prior Jacobs Babtie Aquatic, Jacobs UK LTD, permission of the Environment Agency. Fawley, Southampton S045 1TW Tel: +44 (0)23.8089.3513 Environment Agency Project Manager: The views expressed in this document are not necessarily those of Ian Dolben, Coverdale House, York, the Environment Agency. North East Region. This report is printed on Cyclus Print, a 100% recycled stock, which is 100% post consumer waste and is totally chlorine free. Science Project Number: SC030231 (W6-103/TR) Water used is treated and in most cases returned to source in better condition than removed. -
Funding Offshore 1
Funding Offshore 1 JUNE 2015 FUNDING OFFSHORE The financing market for offshore wind in Europe and beyond © A Word About Wind, 2015 Funding Offshore Contents 2 CONTENTS Editorial: Financial close is the beginning, not the end 3 Databank: Industry must reach new markets to thrive 5 Opinion: Keiji Okagaki on the development of funding models 9 Europe: Institutional activity supports evolution of industry 12 Opinion: Christine Brockwell on entry points for investors 18 United States: Cape Wind highlights industry woes 21 Key dates: Our key report and event dates for 2015 26 © A Word About Wind, 2015 Funding Offshore Editorial 3 EDITORIAL ecuring finance is a vital step for any This is the result of gradual evolution in Sproject, but it is just one step. the sector that will continue in coming years, as Keiji Okagaki writes on p.9. We were reminded about this in May when utility E.On announced it had It is a good position to be in, and means reached financial close on the £1.3bn that, in Europe, reaching financial close Rampion wind farm, which it is looking is not the huge milestone it once was. to build off the UK south coast. Investors are pretty much falling over each other to lend to developers. by Richard Heap, E.On made the announcement about editor at A Word About Wind the 400MW project after enter- That is not to say financial close is ing a partnership with the UK Green not important. It is, and we can see how Investment Bank, which has paid £236m important in the failure of 468MW US for an undisclosed stake. -
Transmission Networks Connections Update
Transmission Networks Connections Update May 2015 SHE-T–TO SPT–TO NG–TO/SO SHE-T–TO SPT–TO NG–TO/SO Back to Contents TNCU – May 2015 Page 01 Contents Foreword ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 02 1. Introduction /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 03 2. Connection timescales ///////////////////////////////////////////// 04 Illustrative connection timescales /////////////////////////////////////// 04 Connections by area /////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 05 3. GB projects by year ///////////////////////////////////////////////// 06 Contracted overall position /////////////////////////////////////////////// 08 Renewable projects status by year ///////////////////////////////////// 10 Non-Renewable projects status by year – Excluding Nuclear /// 11 Non-Renewable projects status by year – Nuclear only ////////// 12 Interconnector projects status by year //////////////////////////////// 13 4. Additional data by transmission owner ///////////////////////// 14 National Grid Electricity Transmission plc //////////////////////////// 16 Scottish Hydro Electricity Transmission plc ////////////////////////// 18 Scottish Power Transmission Limited ///////////////////////////////// 20 5. Connection locations /////////////////////////////////////////////// 22 Northern Scotland projects map //////////////////////////////////////// 25 Southern Scotland projects map /////////////////////////////////////// 28 Northern England projects map ///////////////////////////////////////// -
Offshore Ornithology Cumulative and In- Combination Collision Risk Assessment (Update)
Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Offshore Ornithology Cumulative and In- combination Collision Risk Assessment (Update) Applicant: Norfolk Vanguard Limited Document Reference: ExA; AS; 10.D7.21 Version 2 Date: 14 May 2019 Author: MacArthur Green Photo: Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm Date Issue Remarks / Reason for Issue Author Checked Approved No. 14/05/2019 01D First for submission MT EV RW Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm Page i Executive Summary This note presents an update to the cumulative and in-combination seabird collision risk estimates for the Norfolk Vanguard Offshore Wind Farm (the Project). Following requests from the Examining Authority (ExA), Natural England and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds to explore options to mitigate potential seabird impacts from the Project, additional mitigation has been applied through a revision of the wind turbine layout within the offshore sites and an increase in turbine draught height of 5m, from 22m to 27m, to further minimise collision risks. The revised project design comprises an amendment to the maximum proportion of turbines to be installed across Norfolk Vanguard East and Norfolk Vanguard West. The layout of the wind turbines will be based on the following maxima: • No more than two-thirds of the turbines will be installed in Norfolk Vanguard West; and • No more than half of the turbines in Norfolk Vanguard East (with the remainder installed in the other site in each case). These replace the previous worst case assumption that all of the turbines would be installed in either the Norfolk Vanguard East or Norfolk Vanguard West sites. The worst case collision prediction for each species for the revised layouts for the Project alone were provided ahead of Issue Specific Hearing 6 in ExA; CRM; 10.D.6.5.1. -
Annex D Major Events in the Energy Industry
Annex D Major events in the Energy Industry 2020 Electricity In July 2020 construction work commenced on what is set to be the world’s longest electricity interconnector, linking the UK’s power system with Denmark. Due for completion in 2023, the 765-kilometre ‘Viking Link’ cable will stretch from Lincolnshire to South Jutland in Denmark. In July 2020 approval was granted for the Vanguard offshore wind farm in Norfolk. The 1.8GW facility consisting of up to 180 turbines will generate enough electricity to power 1.95 million homes. In May 2020 approval was granted for Britain’s largest ever solar farm at Cleve Hill, near Whitstable in Kent. The 350MW facility, comprising of 800.000 solar panels, will begin operation in 2022 and will provide power to around 91,000 homes. Energy Prices In February 2020 the energy price cap was reduced by £17 to £1,162 per year, from 1 April for the six-month “summer” price cap period. 2019 Climate Change The Government laid draft legislation in Parliament in early June 2019 to end the UK’s contribution to climate change, by changing the UK’s legally binding long-term emissions reduction target to net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The new target is based on advice from the government’s independent advisors, the Committee on Climate Change (CCC). The legislation was signed into law in late June 2019, following approval by the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Energy Policy A joint government-industry Offshore Wind Sector Deal was announced in March 2019, which will lead to clean, green offshore wind providing more than 30% of British electricity by 2030.