HTTPS://JOURNALS.KU.EDU/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSREPTILES • VOL15, & N AMPHIBIANSO 4 • DEC 2008 •189 28(1):98–99 • APR 2021

IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FEATUREPredation ARTICLES on a Middle American . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: White-lippedOn the Road to Understanding the Ecology Frog and Conservation (Leptodactylus of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...... Joshua fragilis M. Kapfer 190 ) . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: (Anura:Leptodactylidae)A Hypothetical Excursion ...... by a CaribbeanRobert W. Henderson 198 RESEARCH ARTICLES . DitchfrogThe Texas Horned Lizard in Central and( WesternLeptodactylus Texas ...... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, insularum Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204) . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida (Anura:Leptodactylidae) ...... Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellenin M. Donlan, Costa and Michael Granatosky Rica 212 CONSERVATION ALERT . World’s Mammals in Crisis ...... Raby Nuñez Escalante and Maikol Marin Sánchez ...... 220 . More Than Mammals ...... 223 Sierpe. The “Dow de Osa, Jones Puntarenas, Index” of Biodiversity Costa Rica ...... ([email protected] [corresponding author], [email protected])...... 225

HUSBANDRY . Captive Care of the Central Netted Dragon ...... Shannon Plummer 226

any factorsPROFILE influence the feeding habits of amphib- The Middle American White-lipped Frog (Leptodactylus Mians; these include. Kraig Adler: seasonal A Lifetime Promotingabundance Herpetology of prey ...... (Toft fragilis) ranges from extreme Michael southern L. Treglia Texas234 through Mexico 1980), ecological tolerances, and morphological constraints and Middle America to northern Colombia and Venezuela. (Duellman and COMMENTARYTrueb 1994; Pough et al. 2004). Although In Costa Rica, it occurs in the Pacific lowlands and locally in . The Turtles Have Been Watching Me ...... Eric Gangloff 238 dietary specialization is common in dendrobatids (Toft 1995; the lowlands of the northern Atlantic slopes at elevations from Caldwell 1996),BOOK most amphibiansREVIEW are considered generalist near sea level to about 550 m (Leenders 2016). The Caribbean carnivores with diets. Threatened composed Amphibians mainly of the World of arthropods edited by S.N. Stuart,and M. Hoffmann,Ditch Frog J.S. Chanson, (Leptodactylus N.A. Cox, insularum) ranges from Costa Rica other invertebrates (DuellmanR. Berridge, P. and Ramani, Trueb and B.E. 1994; Young ...... Pough et al. through Panama into Colombia Robert Powell and 243Venezuela as well as

2004). Further, dietaryCONSERVATION composition RESEARCH is directly REPORTS: influenced Summaries by of PublishedTrinidad Conservation and Research Tobago Reports at ...... elevations from 245 near sea level to 455 habitat and seasonality NATURAL (da RosaHISTORY et al. RESEARCH 2002). REPORTS: Summaries of Publishedm. These Reports species on Natural are History sympatric ...... in Costa 247Rica (Leenders 2016).  NEWBRIEFS ...... 248  EDITORIAL INFORMATION ...... 251  FOCUS ON CONSERVATION: A Project You Can Support ...... 252

Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. Back Cover. Michael Kern Totat et velleseque audant mo Totat et velleseque audant mo estibus inveliquo velique rerchil estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as accullabo.

Fig. 1. A Caribbean Ditchfrog (Leptodactylus insularum) preying on a Middle American White-lipped Frog (Leptodactylus fragilis) in La Hacienda, Sierpe de Osa, Costa Rica. Photograph by Maikol Marin Sánchez.

Copyright is held by the authors. Articles in R&A are made available under a 98 Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 2332-4961 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license. NUÑEZ AND MARIN REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 28(1):98–99 • APR 2021

At 2017 h on 26 April 2020 in la Hacienda (8°50'42.7"N, org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05487.x. 83°25'58.1"W), alerted by a distress call emitted by a Middle Da Rosa, I., A. Canavero, R. Maneyro, D.E. Naya, and A. Camargo. 2002. Diet of four sympatric anuran species in a temperate environment. Boletín de la American White-lipped Frog, MMS found it being con- Sociedad de Biología de Uruguay 13: 12–20. sumed by a Caribbean Ditchfrog (Fig. 1). Ingestion lasted Duellman, W.E. and L. Trueb. 1994. Biology of Amphibians. The Johns Hopkins roughly 5 min. To our knowledge, this is the first predation University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. report involving these species. Heitor, R.C., V.A. Lacerda, E.T. Silva, M.A. Peixoto, and R.G. Eloi. 2012. Predation of Hypsiboas pardalis (Anura, Hylidae) by the butter frog Frogs that prey on other frogs are not necessarily preda- Leptodactylus cf. latrans (Anura,Leptodactylidae), in municipality of Espera tors specializing on frogs but may nevertheless feed on them Feliz, State of Minas, southeastern Brazil. Herpetological Notes 5: 23–25. regularly (Toledo et al. 2007). Leptodactylus insularum and Kluge, A.G. 1981. The life history, social organization, and parental behavior of Hyla rosenbergi Boulenger, a nest-building gladiator frog. Miscellaneous L. fragilis often breed in the same areas, and syntopy of these Publications of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 160: 1–170. two species during reproductive aggregations can promote Leenders, T. 2016. Amphibians of Costa Rica: A Field Guide. Zona Tropical the predation of the latter smaller species by an opportunistic Publications, Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA. predator like L. insularum. Leite Filho, E., A. Feijóet, and P.A. Rocha 2014. Opportunistic predation on bats Other species of Leptodactylus known to prey on frogs and trapped in mist nets by Leptodactylus vastus (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Revista other vertebrates include Savage’s Thin-toed Frogs (Leptodactylus Biotemas 27: 205–208. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2014v27n3p205. Pough, F.H., R.M. Andrews, J.E. Cadle, M.L. Crump, A.H. Savitzky, and K.D. savagei) feeding on a Rosenberg’s Gladiator Treefrog (Boana Wells. 2004. Herpetology. 3rd ed. Prentice Hall, New York, New York, USA. rosenbergi) (Kluge 1981) and a Tungara Frog (Engystomops Ryan, M.J., M.D. Tuttle, and L.K. Taft. 1981. The costs and benefits of frog cho- pustulosus) (Ryan et al. 1981); a Northeastern Pepperfrog rusing behavior. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 8: 273–278. https://doi. (Leptodactylus vastus) preying on bats (Leite Filho et al. 2014); org/10.1007/BF00299526. Silva E.T., V.D. Fernandes, R.C. Heitor, and V.R. Viana. 2010. Leptodactylus ocel- and South American Spotted Grassfrogs (Leptodactylus latrans latus (Butter Frog): Prey. Herpetological Bulletin 112: 41–42. [as L. ocellatus]) preying on an Amazonian White-lipped Frog Toft, C.A. 1980. Feeding ecology of thirteen syntopic species of anurans in a sea- (Leptodactylus aff. mystaceus) (Silva et al. 2010) and a Leopard sonal tropical environment. Oecologia 45: 131–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/ Treefrog (Boana pardalis) (Heitor et al. 2012). BF00346717. Toft, C.A. 1995. Evolution of diet specialization in poison-dart frogs (Dendrobatidae). Herpetologica 51: 202–216. https://www.jstor.org/sta- ble/3892588. Literature Cited Toledo, J.F., R.S. Ribiero, and C. Haddad. 2007. Anurans as prey: An exploratory Caldwell, J.P. 1996. The evolution of myrmecophagy and its correlates in poison analysis and size relationships between predators and their prey. Journal of frogs (Family Dendrobatidae). Journal of Zoology 240: 75–101. https://doi. Zoology 271: 170–177. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00195.x.

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