Chec List a Checklist of the Amphibians and Reptiles of San

Home , Craugastor crassidigitus, Dermophiidae, Leptodactylus fragilis, Leptodactylus savagei, Oedipina alleni, Scinax elaeochroa

A checklist * of the amphibians and reptiles of San Isidro de ists L Dota, Reserva Forestal Los Santos, Costa Rica Erick Arias and Federico Bolaños [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología, Museo de Zoología. San Pedro, 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract:

We present an inventory of amphibians and reptiles of San Isidro de Dota, northwest of the Cordillera de Talamanca in the Central Pacific of Costa Rica.Leptodactylus The study was insularum conduced from January to August 2012 in premontane wet Coloptychonforest from 689 rhombifer m to 800 m elevation. We found a total of 56 species, including 30 species of amphibians and 26 of reptiles. It results striking the presence of the frog , uncommon above 400 m elevation, and the lizard , a very uncommon species.

DOI: 10.15560/10.4.870

Introduction datum, from 689 m to 800

N, 83°58′32.41″ W, WGS84et al. Lower Central America represents one of the regions m elevation). The region is dominated by premontane with the highest numberet al of amphibianset describedal. in the wet forest (Bolaños 1999) with several sites used Neotropics in relation to the area it represent (Savage for agriculture and pastures. The region presents the 2002; Boza-Oviedo . 2012; Hertz 2012). Much climate of the pacific slope of the Cordillera de Talamanca, of this richness of species iset associated al. with theet Cordillera al. characterized by moderate temperatures and dry periods de Talamanca,et site al. of speciation and dispersion center of from January to March, an average annual rainfall of several species (Streicher 2009; Chaves 2009; 2190 mm with an average of 147 rainy days, and a bio- Boza-Oviedo 2012). This cordillera extends from temperature that ranges from 17–24°C (Solano and the Central Valley of Costa Rica to the southeast and DataVillalobos collection 2001). continuing to western Panama. The herpetofauna has been well documented only in very few sites due to the difficult access to many of the sites in this mountain ranges, hence, Fieldwork was conducted from January to August 2012, several sites explored in the past decadeet al. have brought during daily and nightly checks. Total sampling effort was out theet discovery al. of many new species of amphibianset and al. 33 days and 384 hours of active random searches. We reptiles (Poe and Ibañezet al. 2007; Wake 2007; García- sampled the forest, ponds, streams and open areas around París 2008; Bolaños and Wake 2009; Chaves human constructions, using the active search and visual 2009; Boza-Oviedo 2012). encounter survey. According to the distribution ranges Biodiversity inventories are needed for population given by Savage (2002) and Solórzano (2004) a list of management, conservation and education plans (Caughley possible species was performed. The individuals collected and Gunn 1996); however, in the Cordillera de Talamanca were euthanizedet al. with alcohol, fixed in formalin 10% these inventories are even more important given the and stored in alcohol 70%. We follow Savage (2002) and high degree the endemism in groups as amphibians Bolaños (2011) for the identification and taxonomy and reptiles where 27% of the species are endemic to of the specimens. The individuals were collected according this region (Savageet al. 2002). Also taking into account the to permit granted by SINAC to FB (007-2012-SINAC). decline of several populations of amphibians in Costa Vouchers were deposited in the herpetological collection Rica (Whitfield 2007), including some localities in Resultsof the Museo de Zoología, Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR). this mountain range (Lips 1998), it is relevant to make inventories regarding the composition of amphibians in the region. This list presents the first inventory of We recorded a total of 56 species (Table 1; Figures 2, 3 amphibians and reptiles of San Isidro de Dota, northwest and 4), 30 species of amphibians (3 orders, 9 families and of the Cordillera de Talamanca in Central Pacific of Costa 20 genera) and 26 species of reptiles (1 order, 13 familieset al. MaterialsRica, a site unexplored and Methods scientifically. and 20 genera). These data represent approximately Study area 12.4% of the herpetofauna of Costa Rica (Bolaños 2011), and 28% of the herpetofauna of the herpetological province of Montane Slopes and Cordillera Central located The inventory was conducted in the Reserva Forestal on the pacific slope from 600 m to 1600 m elevation Los Santos, in the Central Pacific of Costa Rica (Figure (Savage 2002). We found 73% of the species of amphibians 1), in the community of San Isidro de Dota (9°29′31.34″ proposed and 40% of reptiles proposed. 870 Arias and Bolaños | Herpetofauna of San Isidro de Dota, Costa Rica

Discussion Leptodactylus insularum It was interesting the presence of The species richness of the study area was less in to 689 m elevation, a species uncommon comparison withet theal. San Vito region, in the extreme L.above insularum 400 m elevation (Savage 2002). San Isidro de southwestern of the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica Dota is located just 5 km from the nearest locality of (Santos-Barrera 2008), a site located in the same (9°27′31.10″ N, -83°56′38.36″ W, 433 m herpetological province with 67 species of amphibians and elevation), howeverColoptychon this site rhombifer is within the altitudinal range reptiles. The difference in species richness found at both considered common for this species. Also highlights the sites can be attributable to the effect of altitude on San presence of which was observed Vito region, since the sampling sites wereet located al. between but no specimens were collected, this species is know 1100 m to 1500 m, but mainly to greater sampling effort, from only four vouchers in colections (ZMB 8655, UCR 648 hours, conducted by Santos-Barrera (2008). This 3143, 6971, 15000) and a photographic voucher (Dwyer effort is reflected in the number of snakes found on the San and De Plecker 2013). The list of species presented here, Vito region, 25 against 10 on San Isidro de Dota, given that mainly with the reptiles, can significantly increase with the effort should be greater to find snakes by its secretive more effort, however, we consider that this inventory behavior (Green 1997). Instead, in San Isidro de Dota the contributes to the knowledge of the herpetofauna of the amphibian richness was higher in comparison to the San region and provides a basis for future inventories in this Vito region, 30 against 26. region and surrounding sites.

Figure 1.

Location of study site in the community of San Isidro de Dota (star) in the Reserva Forestal Los Santos, Central Pacific, Costa Rica.

871 Arias and Bolaños | Herpetofauna of San Isidro de Dota, Costa Rica

Figure 2. Bolitoglossa lignicolor Oedipina alleni Chaunus marinus Incilius aucoinae Incilius coniferus Rhaebo haematiticus Espadarana prosoblepon Craugastor crassidigitus SomeCraugastor species of fitzingeri amphibiansCraugastor of San Isidro stejnegerianus de Dota, ReservaPristimantis Forestal Loscruentus Santos, CentralDiasporus Pacific, diastema Costa Rica. A) ; B) ; C) ; D) ; E) ; F) ; G) ; H) ; I) ; J) ; K) ; L) .

872 Arias and Bolaños | Herpetofauna of San Isidro de Dota, Costa Rica

Figure 3. Agalychnis callidryas Agalychnis spurreli Dendropsophus ebraccatus Dendropsophus microcephalus Duellmanohyla rufioculis Hypsiboas rosenbergi Scinax elaeochroa SomeSmilisca species phaeota of amphibiansLeptodactylus of San Isidro fragilis de Dota,Leptodactylus Reserva Forestalinsularum Los Santos,Leptodactylus Central savagei Pacific, CostaLithobates Rica. A) forreri ; B) ; C) ; D) ; E) ; F) ; G) ; H) ; I) ; J) ; K) ; L) ;

873 Arias and Bolaños | Herpetofauna of San Isidro de Dota, Costa Rica

Figure 4. Coloptychon rhombifer Basiliscus basiliscus Thecadactylus rapicauda Norops aquaticus Norops charlesmyersi Norops polylepis Pseustes poecilonotus Some species ofLeptodeira reptiles of septentrionalis San Isidro de Dota,Ninia Reserva maculata ForestalAtropoides Los Santos, mexicanus Central Pacific,Bothriechis Costa Rica. schlegelii A) Bothrops asper (based on a photograph with locality); B) ; C) ; D) ; E) ; F) ; G) ; H) ; I) ; J) ; K) ; L) .

874 Arias and Bolaños | Herpetofauna of San Isidro de Dota, Costa Rica

Table 1.

Species collected in San Isidro de Dota, Reserva Forestal Los Santos in the Central Pacific of CostaHABITAT Rica. *Visual Record. SPECIES FOREST PONDS STREAMS OPEN AREAS Amphibia Gymnophiona Dermophiidae Dermophis glandulosus X Caudata (Taylor, 1955) Plethodontidae Bolitoglossa lignicolor X Oedipina alleni X (W. Peters, 1873) Anura (Taylor, 1954) Bufonidae Chaunus marinus X X Incilius aucoinae X (Linné, 1758) Incilius coniferus X X (O’Neill & Mendelson, 2004) Rhaebo haematiticus X (Cope, 1862) Centrolenidae (Cope, 1862) Espadarana prosoblepon X Craugastoridae (Boettger, 1892) Craugastor crassidigitus X X Craugastor fitzingeri X X (Taylor, 1952) Craugastor stejnegerianus X X (O. Schmidt, 1857) Pristimantis cruentus X (Cope, 1893) Pristimantis ridens X X (W. Peters, 1873) Eleutherodactylidae (Cope, 1866) Diasporus diastema X X Diasporus vocator X X (Cope, 1875) Hylidae (Taylor, 1955) Agalychnis callidryas X X Agalychnis spurrelli X (Cope, 1862) Dendropsophus ebraccatus X (Boulenger, 1913) Dendropsophus microcephalus X (Cope, 1874) Duellmanohyla rufioculis X (Cope, 1886) Hypsiboas rosenbergi X (Taylor, 1952) Isthmohyla pseudopuma X (Boulenger, 1898) Scinax elaeochroa X X (Günther, 1901) Smilisca phaeota X X (Cope, 1875) Smilisca sordida X (Cope, 1862) Trachycephalus venulosus X (W. Peters, 1863) Leptodactylidae (Laurenti, 1768) Leptodactylus fragilis X Leptodactylus insularum X (Brocchi, 1877) Leptodactylus savagei X X X (Barbour, 1906) Ranidae (Heyer, 2005) Lithobates forreri X Reptilia (Boulenger, 1883) Sauria Anguidae Coloptychon rhombifer * Diploglossus bilobatus X (W. Peters, 1876) Corytophanidae (O’Shaughnessy, 1874) Basiliscus basiliscus X Gekkonidae (Linné, 1758) Lepidoblepharis xanthostigma X Thecadactylus rapicauda X (Noble, 1916) Gymnophthalmidae (Houttuyn, 1782) Leposoma southi X Dactyloidae (Ruthven & Gaige, 1924) Norops aquaticus X Norops biporcatus X (Taylor, 1956) (Wiegmann, 1834)

875 Arias and Bolaños | Herpetofauna of San Isidro de Dota, Costa Rica

Table 1. Continued.

HABITAT SPECIES FOREST PONDS STREAMS OPEN AREAS Norops charlesmyersi X Norops lemurinus X (Köhler, 2010) Norops limifrons X X (Cope, 1861) Norops polylepis X X X (Cope, 1862) Scincidae (W. Peters, 1874) Scincella cherriei X Teiidae (Cope, 1893) Ameiva festiva X Ameiva quadrilineata X (Lichtenstein & von Martens, 1856) Xantusiidae (Hallowell, 1861) Lepidophyma reticulatum X Serpentes (Taylor, 1955) Colubridae Chironius grandisquamis X Mastigodryas melanolomus X (W. Peters, 1868) Pseustes poecilonotus X X (Cope, 1868) Didsadidae (Günther, 1858) Leptodeira septentrionalis X X Ninia maculata X (Kennicott, 1859) Sibon nebulatus X X (W. Peters, 1861) Elapidae (Linné, 1758) Micrurus alleni X Viperidae (K. Schmidt, 1936) Atropoides mexicanus X Bothriechis schlegelii X (C. Duméril, Bibron & A. Duméril, 1854) Bothrops asper X X (Berthold, 1845) (Garman, 1884) Acknowledgments: Journal of Herpetology We thank M.Sc. Gerardo Chaves Cordero for helping Poe, S. and R. Ibañez. 2007. A new species of Anolis lizard from the in identification of some specimens. Special thanks to Francisco Piedra Cordillera de Talamanca of Western Panamá. Chinchilla who provided logistical support and to Ezequiel Ramírez for 41(2): 263–270. assistance in the field. Financial support was provided by Vicerrectoría Santos-Barrera, G., J. Pacheco, F. Mendoza-Quijano, F. Bolaños, G. Chaves, Literaturede Acción Social, Cited Universidad de Costa Rica through TC-586. G.C. Daily, P.R. Ehrlich and G. Ceballos.Revista 2008. de Diversity, Biología Tropicalnatural history and conservation of amphibians and reptiles from the San Vito Bolitoglossa Region, southwesternThe Costaamphibians Rica. and reptiles of Costa Rica: 56(2): A Bolaños, F. and D.B. Wake. 2009.Zootaxa Two new species of montane web-footed herpetofauna755–778. between two continents, between two seas salamanders (Plethodontidae: ) Anfibios from the y Costa reptiles Rica- de Savage, J.M. 2002. CostaPanamá Rica border region. 1981: 57–68. . Chicago, Bolaños, F., J.M. Savage and G. Chaves. 2011. Illinois: University of Chicago Press. 934 pp. . Accessible at http://museo.biologia.ucr.ac.cr/Listas/Mapa ecológico de Costa Rica Solano,Tópicos J. and Meteorológicos R. Villalobos. y 2001. Oceanográficos Aspectos fisiográficos aplicados a un (zonasLZAPublicaciones.htm de vida), según .el Captured sistema deon clasificación20 March 2013. de zonas de vida del bosquejo de regionalizaciónSerpientes de geográficoCosta Rica: climático Distribución, de Costataxonomía Rica. Bolaños,mundo R., de V. L.R. Watson Holdridge, and J.Escala Tosi. 1:750 1999. 000 e historia natural 8: 26–39. Solórzano, A. 2004. . San José: Centro Científico . Heredia, Costa Rica: Instituto Nacional de Tropical. Biodiversidad. 792 pp. Craugastor podiciferus Boza-Oviedo, E., S.M. Rovito, G. Chaves, A. García-Rodríguez, L.G. Artavia, Streicher, J.W., A.J. Crawford and C.W. Edwards. 2009. Multilocus molecular F. Bolaños and D.B. Wake.Bolitoglossa 2012. Salamanders, Nototriton, fromOedipina the eastern phylogeneticMolecular Phylogenetics analysis of andthe montaneEvolution species Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica, with descriptionsZootaxa of five new complex (Anura: Craugastoridae) in Isthmian Central America. species (Plethodontidae: Conservation biology and in theory) and 53: 620–630 (doi: 10.1016/j. practice.natural history notes from recent expeditions. 3309: 36–61. ympev.2009.07.011). Caughley, G. and A. Gunn. 1996. Wake, D.B., J.M.Bolitoglossa Savage and CopeiaJ. Hanken. 2007. Montane salamanders from Cambridge: Blackwell Science. 459Diasporus pp. the Costa Rica-Panama border region, with descriptions of two new Chaves, G., A. García-Rodríguez,Zootaxa A. Mora and A. Leal. 2009. A new species species of . 2007: 556–565. of dink frog (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae: ) fromColoptychon Cordillera Whitfield, S.M., K.E. Bell, T. Philippi,Proceedings M. Sasa, F. Bolaños,of the National G. Chaves, Academy J.M. rhombiferde Talamanca, Costa Rica. 2088:Herpetological 1–14. Review ofSavage Sciences and of M.A. the Donnelly. United States 2007. of Amphibian America and reptile declines over Dwyer, Q. and R. De Plecker. 2013. Geographic distribution: 35 years at La Selva, Costa Rica. (isthmian alligator lizard). 44(4): 104(20): 8352–8356. 625. Bolitoglossa subpalmata García-París, M., G. Parra-Olea and Herpetological D.B. Wake. 2008. Journal Description of Received: October 2013 a new speciesSnakes: of the the evolution of mystery in groupnature. (Caudata: Accepted: June 2014 Plethodontidae) from Costa Rica. 18: 23–31. Published online: September 2014 Green, H.W. 1997. Berkeley, AppendixEditorial responsibility1. : Pedro H. Bernardo California: University of CaliforniaDiasporus Press. 351 pp. AMPHIBIA. Gymnophiona: Dermophiidae: Dermophis Hertz, A., F. Hauenschild, S. Lotzkat and G. Koehler. ZooKeys2012. A new golden glandulosus Specimens collectedCaudata in the studyPlethodontidae: site. Bolitoglossa frog species of the genus (Amphibia, Eleutherodactylidae) lignicolor Oedipina alleni Anura: from the Cordillera Central, western Panama. 196: 23–46 Bufonidae: Chaunus(UCR 21734). marinus : Incilius aucoinae (doi:Conservation 10.3897/zookeys.196.2774 Biology ). (UCR 21758);I. coniferus (UCR 20929,Rhaebo 21841). haematiticus Lips, K.R. 1998. Decline of a tropical montane amphibian fauna. (UCR 21481); (UCR 12(1): 106–117. 21489, 21737); (UCR 21543, 21738); 876 Arias and Bolaños | Herpetofauna of San Isidro de Dota, Costa Rica

Centrolenidae: Espadarana prosoblepon REPTILIA. Sauria: Anguidae: Diploglossus bilobatus Craugastoridae: Craugastor crassidigitus Corytophanidae: Basiliscus basiliscus Gekkonidae: (UCR 20920). C fitzingeri (UCR 21474, Lepidoblepharis xanthostigma Thecadactylus (UCR rapicauda 21757). 21747, 21748). C stejnegerianus (UCR 20927, Gymnophthalmidae:(UCR Leposoma 21470). southi Pristimantis21739-21741); cruentus . (UCR 21475,P 21745,ridens 21761, 21762, 21764, Dactyloidae: Norops aquaticus(UCR 21769); Eleutherodactylidae:21802, 21804); . Diasporus(UCR diastema 21456, 21742, 21765, 21766);D N(UCR biporcatus 20935, 21749). N charlesmyersi N lemurinus(UCR vocator (UCRHylidae: 21541); Agalychnis . callidryas(UCR 21476, 21767). 20930). N limifrons (UCR N 21750, polylepis 21751, 21794); A spurreli Dendropsophus(UCR 21477, 21803);ebraccatus . . (UCR 21793); . Scincidae:(UCR 21756); Scincella . cherriei (UCR 21021). D microcephalus (UCR 20922, (UCR 20932, 21546);Teiidae: . Ameiva festiva(UCR 21479); . A quadrilineata(UCR 21458- 21780-21781); Duellmanohyla. (UCR rufioculis 21779); 21460, 21752-21755,Xantusiidae: 21768, Lepidophyma 21797). reticulatum (UCR 21490, 21798); Hypsiboas. rosenbergi(UCR 21457, 21796,Isthmohyla 21800, (UCRSerpentes 21028).: Colubridae: Chironius grandisquamis(UCR 21487); . pseudopuma21805, 21807); Scinax elaeochroa (UCR 20926, 21743, 21744, Mastigodryas(UCR 21488). melanolomus Pseustes poecilonotus (UCR 21480). 21746, 21788, 21790);Smilisca phaeota (UCR 21484); S Didsadidae: Leptodeira (UCR 21770, septentrionalis21773); sordida (UCR 21948); Trachycephalus (UCR venulosus 21787, 21789, Ninia(UCR maculata 21486); Sibon (UCR 21791, 21792); Leptodactylidae: Leptodactylus (UCR 21023,fragilis 21759, 21763); L. 21043,nebulatus 21546, 21771, 21774). Elapidae: Micrurus alleni insularum(UCR 21024, 21542,L savagei 21760); Ranidae: Lithobates (UCR (UCR 21732,Viperidae: 21785); Atropoides mexicanus (UCR 21545, 21730);Bothriechis 21483).forreri (UCR 21736); . schlegelii (UCR 21544, Bothrops21731, 21733). asper (UCR (UCR 21801); . (UCR 21022). 21485). (UCR 21548); (UCR 21461, 21482, 21778, 21786). (UCR 21549); (UCR 21772).

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