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Pueblo De Maíz La Cocina Ancestral De México Ritos, Ceremonias Y Prácticas Culturales De La Cocina De Los Mexicanos

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Pueblo De Maíz La Cocina Ancestral De México Ritos, Ceremonias Y Prácticas Culturales De La Cocina De Los Mexicanos PUEBLO DE MAÍZ LA COCINA ANCESTRAL DE MÉXICO RITOS, CEREMONIAS Y PRÁCTICAS CULTURALES DE LA COCINA DE LOS MEXICANOS Pueblo de maíz La cocina ancestral de México Ritos, ceremonias y prácticas culturales de la cocina de los mexicanos EXPEDIENTE TÉCNICO PARA LA POSTULACIÓN COMO PATRIMONIO INMATERIAL Y ORAL DE LA HUMANIDAD DE LA UNESCO People of Corn Mexico’s Ancestral Cuisine Rituals, Ceremonies and Cultural Practices of the Cuisine of the Mexican People TECHNICAL FILE FOR THE POSTULATION OF: INTANGIBLE AND ORAL WORLD HERITAGE Peuple de maïs La cuisine ancestrale du Mexique Rites, cérémonies et pratiques culturelles de la cuisine des Mexicains DOSSIER TECHNIQUE RELATIF À LA PROPOSITION D’INSCRIPTION EN TANT QUE PATRIMOINE IMMATÉRIEL ET ORAL DE L’HUMANITÉ DE L’UNESCO Ceremonia de petición de lluvia en Chepetec, Tlapa, Estado de Guerrero CONSEJO NACIONAL PARA LA CULTURA Y LAS ARTES Sari Bermúdez PRESIDENTA Felipe Riva Palacio Guerrero SECRETARIO TÉCNICO “A” Jaime Nualart SECRETARIO TÉCNICO “B” Gloria López Morales COORDINADORA DE PATRIMONIO CULTURAL, DESARROLLO Y TURISMO. Derechos reservados, © 2004 Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes. PUEBLO DE MAÍZ Coordinación de Patrimonio Cultural, Desarrollo y Turismo Mercaderes 52. Col. San José Insurgentes LA COCINA ANCESTRAL DE MÉXICO Delegación Benito Juárez, México, D.F. C.P. 03900 DIRECCIÓN EDITORIAL Correo electrónico: [email protected] Gloria López Morales Fotografía, © Derechos reservados por sus respectivos autores COORDINACIÓN EDITORIAL Es una publicación especial de la Coordinación de Patrimonio Cultural, Desarrollo y Turismo Sol Rubín de la Borbolla del Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes. Editor responsable José Hernández Reyes. Dictamen previo de uso exclusivo otorgado por el Instituto Nacional de Derechos de Autor, EDITOR RESPONSABLE Núm 04-2002082813101000-01. Número de licitud de título en trámite. José Hernández Reyes Número de certificado de licitud de contenido en trámite. Domicilio de la publicación: CONACULTA, Arenal 40, Colonia Guadalupe Chimalistac, Álvaro Obregón, México, D.F. C.P. 01070. APOYO EDITORIAL Gabriela Olivo de Alba Queda prohibida la reproducción total o parcial por cualquier medio, incluyendo fotocopia, sin autorización por escrito de los editores.. Bruno Aceves ISSN: 1665-4617 DISEÑO GRÁFICO Y FORMACIÓN Agustín Estrada/Araceli Limón Impreso y hecho en México. “Esta publicación es de carácter público, no es patrocinada ni promovida por partido político alguno y sus TRADUCCIÓN recursos provienen de los impuestos que pagan los contribuyentes. Está prohibido el uso de está publicación con Francés: Marie Paul Simon fines políticos, electorales, de lucro y otros distintos a los establecidos. Quien haga uso indebido de los recursos de este programa deberá ser denunciado y sancionado de acuerdo con la ley aplicable y ante la autoridad Inglés: Claudia de Sevilla competente” índice index table des matières 9 • Presentación 9 • Presentation 9 • Présentation 13 • Prólogo 13 • Foreword 13 • Prologue 23 • Relatoría 23 • Register 23 • Rapport d’activités 29 • Justificación: 113 • Arguments to support 162 • Justification: argumentación técnica nomination argumentation technique 87 • Riesgos 148 • Risks 197 • Pressions 98 • Desarrollo, gestión y manejo 154 • Development, 204 • Développement, Management and Operation gestion et administration DOCUMENTOS ANEXOS ANNEXED DOCUMENTS DOCUMENTS EN ANNEXE 101 • Glosario de términos 156 • Glossary 206 • Glossaire 107 • Bibliografía 107 • Bibliography 107 • Bibliographie 109 • Créditos y agradecimientos 161 • Credits and Acknowledgements 210 • Crédits et remerciements 8 IDENTIFICACIÓN a. Estado Miembro costumbres relacionadas con la tierra y las prácticas Estados Unidos Mexicanos, MÉXICO agrícolas, los mexicanos encuentran el eje articulador de todo un modo de vivir. b. Nombre de la forma de expresión cultural Pueblo de maíz. e. Situación geográfica de la comunidad La cocina ancestral de México. interesada Ritos, ceremonias y prácticas culturales Hoy en día viven aproximadamente cien millones de de la cocina de los mexicanos. mexicanos en los casi dos millones de kilómetros cuadrados del territorio de la República Mexicana. Esa c. Nombre de la(s) comunidad(es) población habita en pequeñas comunidades, poblados interesada(s) intermedios o en grandes ciudades. Varios millones de Los rasgos distintivos de la cocina de los mexicanos, se migrantes han cruzado las fronteras y llevan con ellos manifiestan en cada una de las comunidades que los elementos que caracterizan y unifican su identidad conviven en el territorio nacional y se expresan en las cultural predominante alrededor de la cocina mexicana, diferentes regiones, como uno de los más importantes tema que abarca desde productos, utensilios, elementos de identidad cultural dentro y fuera del país. procedimientos, recetas hasta tradiciones artesanales y La cocina tradicional constituye un sistema cultural artísticamente les permiten reproducir su cultura ahí a complejo y vivo, resultado de un largo proceso de donde vayan. creación original y de mestizajes que no han perdido sus características rituales, su significado y sus modos f. Periodicidad de la forma de expresión de preparación a lo largo de milenios. cultural. La comida de los mexicanos se manifiesta en la vida d. Situación geográfica de la forma de cotidiana y adquiere características especiales en los expresión cultural. platillos rituales o ceremoniales, de un calendario festivo Las prácticas distintivas de la cocina tradicional mexicana que muestra la continuidad cultural que persiste a lo se extienden por toda la geografía mexicana, con sus largo del tiempo, sin importar la ubicación geográfica particularidades perceptibles en los 32 estados que la de sus creadores. conforman. Es el resultado de procesos históricos, así Los mexicanos han tenido un profundo sentido religioso. como de prácticas y costumbres que han logrado Hay en ellos, y en especial entre los indígenas y preservarse. Cada región mantiene sus tradiciones campesinos, una clara concepción de lo sagrado; la culturales, en gran medida gracias a la herencia naturaleza es parte integral de su cosmovisión. En torno culinaria, en estrecha relación con el clima, los productos a las ceremonias que se realizan de acuerdo con el ciclo de la tierra, así como de hábitos que se transforman de vida, el calendario religioso y el calendario cívico, con el tiempo pero no pierden su esencia. No obstante está presente la de comida. Participa en ellas toda la la diversidad, en México y más allá de sus fronteras, en comunidad, que ratifica así los vínculos sociales las costumbres en torno a la alimentación y a las compartidos en torno a los alimentos. g. Personas o entidades competentes en la comunidad o gobiernos interesados CONSEJO NACIONAL PARA LA CULTURA Y LAS ARTES Señora Sari Bermúdez Ochoa Presidenta Teléfonos: 5662-0715 / 5662-0073 Arenal No. 40 Col. Guadalupe Chimalistac C.P. 01050 México Distrito Federal Lic. Jaime Nualart Secretario Técnico B CONACULTA Teléfonos:5662-1315 / 5662-1432 Arenal No. 40 Col. Guadalupe Chimalistac C.P. 01050 México Distrito Federal Lic. Alberto Fierro Director General de Asuntos Internacionales CONACULTA Teléfonos: 5662-0073 / 5662-6606 Arenal No. 40 Col. Guadalupe Chimalistac C.P. 01050 México Distrito Federal Dra. Gloria López Morales Coordinadora de Patrimonio Cultural, Desarrollo y Turismo CONACULTA Teléfono: 9172-8816 Mercaderes No. 52 Col. San José Insurgentes C.P. 03900 México Distrito Federal IDENTIFICATION a. Member State United Mexican States, MEXICO b. Name of the form of cultural expression e. Geographic location of the community in- People of Corn. volved Mexico’s Ancestral Cuisine. Nowadays, nearly one hundred million Mexicans live in Rituals, Ceremonies and Cultural Practices the almost two million square kilometres of the Mexi- of the Cuisine of the Mexican People can territory. This population is concentrated in small communities, middle-sized towns or large cities. Sev- c. Name of the community (ies) involved eral million migrants have crossed the country’s bor- The distinctive features of the cuisine of the Mexican ders taking with them the elements that characterise people are manifested in each of the communities that and unify their prevailing cultural identity related to coexist in the national territory and are expressed in Mexican cuisine, which includes products, utensils, pro- the different regions as one of the most important ele- cedures, recipes as well as handicraft traditions that ments of cultural identity, inside or outside the coun- allow them to artistically reproduce their culture, wher- try. Traditional cuisine constitutes a complex, living cul- ever they may go. tural system, the result of a long process of original creation and crossbreedings that has not lost its ritual f. Incidence of the form of cultural expression characteristics, meaning and preparation techniques The food of the Mexican people manifests itself in daily throughout the millennia. life and acquires special features in ritual or ceremonial dishes, which are part of a religious calendar that is d. Geographic location of the form of cultural evidence of a cultural continuity that has survived expression throughout time, regardless of the geographic location The distinguishing practices of Mexican traditional cui- of its creators. sine are found throughout the country, with peculiari- Mexicans have had a deep sense of religiosity. They, ties recognisable in all 32 states. This cuisine is the re-
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