Rivers in Prehistory
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2.3. Initial Characterisation
Member Statesare requested to carry out the first volcanic structures and it contains important groundwater bodies characterisation in accordance aquifers; with Artide 5 of the WFD in arder to identify water The alluvial secter, located in the centrai part of bodies at risk of failingto reach the WFD objectives. the river basin,near the main watercourses and in Water bodies at risk will be subject to a further; the intra-montane depressions,contains alluvial more detailed analysis. aquifers and marine and continental clastic deposits; This chapter describesgroundwater bodies in the Tevere river basin and examples offurther characterisation. 2.3. Initial characterisation Hydrogeological structures and aquifers The WFD provides indications on the analyses to carry out on groundwater; such as: location, perimeter; geological characteristics, pressures, and interdependence with surface aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. First of all, the necessity of identifying a reference hydrogeological context emerged from the analyses carried out in the Tevere river basinoGeological and hydrostructural conditions influence aquifertypology and the interrelation between surface water and groundwater: Therefore, theTevere river basin..which is characterized by abundant groundwater resources, was schematically subdivided into four main sectors with different hydrostructural characteristics (Figure 17): The karstic sector, locatedin the easternpart of the river basin,is constitutedmainly by carbonate rocksand contains complex hydrostructures; The volcanic sector, locatedin the westernpart of the river basin,is composedof pery-thyrrenian Fig. 17 - MQin hydroge%gica/ sectorsin the Tevereriver basin The flysch sector, located in the upper part ofthe basin,is characterized by turbidites sequences consistingof marls, shales,clays and sandstoneswith evaporites.Only in the more permeable arenaceous sediments,water circulation sustainsan appreciable perennial base flow. -
Distribution, Demography, Ecology and Threats of Amphibians in the Circeo National Park (Central Italy)
Acta Herpetologica 11(2): 197-212, 2016 DOI: 10.13128/Acta_Herpetol-18061 Olim palus, where once upon a time the marsh: distribution, demography, ecology and threats of amphibians in the Circeo National Park (Central Italy) Antonio Romano1,*, Riccardo Novaga2, Andrea Costa1 1 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Via Salaria Km 29,300 I-00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy. * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Viale dello Statuto 37, Latina, Italy. Submitted on 2016, 27th February; revised on 2016, 27th June; accepted on 2016, 7th July Editor: Gentile Francesco Ficetola Abstract. The Circeo National Park lies in a territory that was deeply shaped by human activity, and represents one of the few remaining patches of plain wetland habitat in Central Italy. In this study distribution and few demographic information of the amphibians in the Park were provided. Seven species and 25 bibliographic and 84 original breeding sites were recorded, and population size estimations were carried out for a population of these three species: Pelophylax sinkl esculentus, Bufo balearicus and Rana dalmatina. For the studied populations of pool frog and green toad the oper- ational sex ratio and the demographic effective population size was also estimated. For Rana dalmatina, which is strictly associated to forest environment, a positive and significant correlation between the number of egg clutches and maxi- mum depth of the swamps was found. The State plain forest is the most important habitat for amphibians’ conservation in the park. The occurrence of dangerous alien species was investigated and they are evaluated as the major threat for amphibians in the park, especially the crayfish Procambarus clarkii in the State plain forest. -
Rome. the Etymological Origins
ROME.THE ETYMOLOGICAL ORIGINS Enrique Cabrejas — Director Linguistic Studies, Regen Palmer (Barcelona, Spain) E-mail: [email protected] The name of Rome was always a great mystery. Through this taxonomic study of Greek and Latin language, Enrique Cabrejas gives us the keys and unpublished answers to understand the etymology of the name. For thousands of years never came to suspect, including about the founder Romulus the reasons for the name and of his brother Remus, plus the unknown place name of the Lazio of the Italian peninsula which housed the foundation of ancient Rome. Keywords: Rome, Romulus, Remus, Tiber, Lazio, Italy, Rhea Silvia, Numitor, Amulio, Titus Tatius, Aeneas, Apollo, Aphrodite, Venus, Quirites, Romans, Sabines, Latins, Ἕλενος, Greeks, Etruscans, Iberians, fortuitus casus, vis maior, force majeure, rape of the Sabine, Luperca, Capitoline wolf, Palladium, Pallas, Vesta, Troy, Plutarch, Virgil, Herodotus, Enrique Cabrejas, etymology, taxonomy, Latin, Greek, ancient history , philosophy of language, acronyms, phrases, grammar, spelling, epigraphy, epistemology. Introduction There are names that highlight by their size or their amazing story. And from Rome we know his name, also history but what is the meaning? The name of Rome was always a great mystery. There are numerous and various hypotheses on the origin, list them again would not add any value to this document. My purpose is to reveal the true and not add more conjectures. Then I’ll convey an epistemology that has been unprecedented for thousands of years. So this theory of knowledge is an argument that I could perfectly support empirically. Let me take that Rome was founded as a popular legend tells by the brothers Romulus and Remus, suckled by a she-wolf, and according to other traditions by Romulus on 21 April 753 B.C. -
Three Main Groups of People Settled on Or Near the Italian Peninsula and Influenced Roman Civilization
Three main groups of people settled on or near the Italian peninsula and influenced Roman civilization. The Latins settled west of the Apennine Mountains and south of the Tiber River around 1000 B.C.E. While there were many advantages to their location near the river, frequent flooding also created problems. The Latin’s’ settlements were small villages built on the “Seven Hills of Rome”. These settlements were known as Latium. The people were farmers and raised livestock. They spoke their own language which became known as Latin. Eventually groups of these people united and formed the city of Rome. Latin became its official language. The Etruscans About 400 years later, another group of people, the Etruscans, settled west of the Apennines just north of the Tiber River. Archaeologists believe that these people came from the eastern Mediterranean region known as Asia Minor (present day Turkey). By 600 B.C.E., the Etruscans ruled much of northern and central Italy, including the town of Rome. The Etruscans were excellent builders and engineers. Two important structures the Romans adapted from the Etruscans were the arch and the cuniculus. The Etruscan arch rested on two pillars that supported a half circle of wedge-shaped stones. The keystone, or center stone, held the other stones in place. A cuniculus was a long underground trench. Vertical shafts connected it to the ground above. Etruscans used these trenches to irrigate land, drain swamps, and to carry water to their cities. The Romans adapted both of these structures and in time became better engineers than the Etruscans. -
Diversity in Death; Differences in Burial Ritual As Recorded in Central Italy, 950-500 BC
University of Groningen Diversity in Death Nijboer, Albert J. Published in: The Archaeology of Death IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Early version, also known as pre-print Publication date: 2018 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Nijboer, A. J. (2018). Diversity in Death: a construction of identities and the funerary record of multi-ethnic central Italy from 950-350 BC. In E. Herring, & E. O'Donoghue (Eds.), The Archaeology of Death: Proceedings of the Seventh Conference of Italian Archaeology held at the National University of Ireland, Galway, April 16-18, 2016 (Vol. VI, pp. 107-127). [14] (Papers in Italian Archaeology VII ). Archaeopress. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. -
(1990). Lithological Analysis of Material Used for the Sacred Area of Saidu Sharif I (Swat Valley, N.W.F.P., Pakistan) and Their Origins
Claudio Faccenna Curriculum Vitae Publication list 1 Di Florio R., Faccenna C., Lorenzoni S. & Lorenzoni Zanettin E. (1990). Lithological analysis of material used for the sacred area of Saidu Sharif I (Swat Valley, N.W.F.P., Pakistan) and their origins. In"Saidu Sharif I (Swat, Pakistan). The Buddhist sacred area: the stupa terrace - Appendix D-" edito da Faccenna D., Reports and Memoires IsMEO, vol. XXIII.2, 317-340. 2 De Vittorio P., Faccenna C. & Praturlon A. (1991). Monte Velino-Monti della Magnola- Monte Sirente. In Damiani et al. "Elementi litostratigrafici per una sintesi delle facies carbonatiche meso-cenozoiche dell'Appennino centrale". Studi Geologici Camerti, vol. sp. 1991/2, 203-205. 3 Di Florio R., Faccenna C., Lorenzoni S. & Lorenzoni Zanettin E. (1993). Lithological analysis of material used for the sacred area of Panr I (Swat valley, Northern Pakistan) and their origins. In "PanrI, Swat, Pakistan-Appendix D-" edita da Faccenna D., Nabi Khan A. & Nadiem I.H. Reports and Memoires IsMEO, 357-372. 4 De Vittorio P. & Faccenna C. (1990). Ulteriori dati sulla tettonica da thrust presente nell’area Sirente-Magnola. Geologica Romana, vol. XXVI (1987), 287-291. 5 Faccenna C. & Funiciello R. (1993). Tettonica pleistocenica tra il Monte Soratte e i Monti Cornicolani. Il Quaternario, 6 (1), 103-118. 6 Faccenna C., Olivieri L., Lorenzoni S. & Lorenzoni Zanettin E. (1993). Geo-archeology of the Swat Valley (N.W.F.P. Pakistan) in the Charbag-Barikot stretch. Preliminary note. East and West (IsMEO), vol. 41, 1-4, 257-270. 7 Faccenna C., Florindo F., Funiciello R. & Lombardi S. (1993). -
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome Beginnings Founding • The Latins, an Indo-European-speaking Italic people from central Europe, crossed the Alps about 1500 B.C. and invaded Italy. • Attracted by the warm climate and fertile land, the Latins conquered the native peoples and settled in central Italy. • On the seven hills overlooking the Tiber River, they founded the city of Rome. • (According to Roman legend, the city was founded in 753 B.C. by two descendants of the gods – the twin brothers Romulus and Remus) Life Among the Early Latins The early Latins, a simple, hardy people, • worked chiefly at farming and cattle-raising; • maintained close family ties, with the father exercising absolute authority; • worshipped tribal gods (Jupiter, the chief god; Mars, god of war; Neptune, god of the sea; and Venus, goddess of love), and • defended Rome against frequent attacks Etruscan Territory • Etruscan architecture was created between about 700 BC and 200 BC, when the expanding civilization of ancient Rome finally absorbed Etruscan civilization. The Etruscans were considerable builders in stone, wood and other materials of temples, houses, tombs and city walls, as well as bridges and roads. The only structures remaining in quantity in anything like their original condition are tombs and walls, but through archaeology and other sources we have a good deal of information on what once existed. Etruscan Architecture Etruscan Funeral Urns From Etruscan Rule to Independence Rome was captured about 750 B.C. by its northern neighbors, the Etruscans. From these more advanced people, the Latins, or Romans, learned to • construct buildings, roads and city walls, • make metal weapons, and • Apply new military tactics; The Romans in 500 B.C. -
Etruria 2019 Brochure Needs
Etruscan Places OF NORTHERN LAZIO AND UMBRIA Join us in Italy, October 21–28, 2019 Imagine a land of volcanic lakes, sandy beaches, rugged hills, thermal springs, Roman roads, and medieval hill towns. Its olive oil, chestnuts, hazelnuts, freshwater fish, black truffles, seafood, wild mushrooms, game, pork products, lamb, and sheep cheeses are among the best you’ll find anywhere in Italy. … www.elifanttours.com / [email protected] / +1-347-868-6345 Etruscan Places OF NORTHERN LAZIO AND Join us for an exciting tour to the Etruscan places just north of Rome. The tour covers the territory between Rome’s northern edge and Orvieto, just inside the Umbrian border, 75 miles to the north. It’s a sort of “flyover” country, ignored by tourists in their dash north to Tuscany. All the more reason to stop and explore this land of volcanic lakes, sandy beaches, rugged hills, thermal springs, Roman roads, and medieval hill towns. Its olive oil, chestnuts, hazelnuts, freshwater fish, mushrooms, game, pork products, lamb, and sheep cheeses rival any in Italy. Long before the Romans, sophisticated native peoples were living in cities and building extravagant cemeteries (“cities of the dead”). The best known and most influential were called Etruscans, but we’ll meet others too, such as the forgotten Faliscans. Our itinerary offers plenty of archaeo-culinary interest in both isolated (and very picturesque) sites and the medieval towns that inherited the ancient legacy. That legacy continues today, remarkably unspoiled. The tour covers the southern Etruscan territory In October, when we visit, the wild beauty of the natural landscape will be enhanced between Rome and the southern borders of Tuscany and Umbria. -
Lucus Feroniae and Tiber Valley Virtual Musem
Lucus Feroniae and Tiber Valley Virtual Musem: from documentation and 3D reconstruction, up to a novel approach in storytelling, combining virtual reality, cinematographic rules, gesture-based interaction, "augmented" perception of the archaeological context. Eva Pietroni*, Daniele Ferdani*, Augusto Palombini*, Massimiliano Forlani**, Claudio Rufa** *CNR, Institute of Technologies Applied to Cultural Heritage, Rome, Italy **E.V.O.CA. s.r.l., Rome, Italy [email protected] The area North of Rome, Limits: Monte Soratte (North) and Fidene (South), Palombara Sabina (East) Sacrofano (West), crossed by the Tiber and by ancient consular roads via Salaria and via Flaminia. CNR ITABC (40x60) Km Supported by : Arcus S.p.A. In collaboration with: Direzione Regionale ai Beni Culturali e Paesaggistici del Lazio Soprintendenza archeologica 'Etruria Meridionale Società Geografica Italiana E.V.O.CA. Srl Franz Fischnaller (F.a.b.r.i.cators sas) Duration: 2011-2014 AIMS: Research, Cultural Dissemination, Promotion of the territory and its cultural heritage to encourage people to visit important and beautiful places that are still marginal in relation with the main itineraries in the Capital. INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH: a journey 3million years long across the identity of a territory: geology, history, archaeology, anthropology, literature, poetry, miths, symbolism Spectacular permanent VR application in Villa Celimontana/Villa Giulia Promotion of the territory and of the project VR, gesture based interaction, storytelling Multimedia and VR applications for local museum tor be used during the visit of archaeological sites or naturalistic oasis Multimedia Website, including: narrative contents for general public methodological studies, interpretative sources, metadata, papers for experts and students Common dataset with some adjustments for the specific communicative formats and the different conditions of fruition. -
Volume 16 Winter 2014
Volume 16 Winter 2014 Tomb 6423 At right, the Below is the A Digger’s View: lastra sealing chamber as The Tomb of the Hanging the chamber found at the The perspective of a field Aryballos, Tarquinia shown in situ. moment of archaeologist by Alessandro Mandolesi Above it is the opening, by Maria Rosa Lucidi another lastra on the back The University of Turin and the possibly reut- wall a little The discovery of the tomb of the Superintendency for the Archaeological ilzed spolia aryballos still “hanging aryballos" has aroused great Heritage of Southern Etruria have been interest among the public in both Italy taken from hangs on its investigating the Tumulus of the Queen and internationally. The integrity of the original nail. and the necropolis surrounding it, the the tumulus unviolated tomb is definitely one of the Doganaccia, since 2008. The excava- of the queen, (photographs reasons for the attention it has received. tions have brought forth many important which stands by Massimo The uniqueness is even more pro- and unexpected results, thanks to subse- nearby. Legni). nounced when one considers that since quent research, and the infor- the second half of the nine- mation relating to the differ- teenth century the English ent phases of its use has made traveler George Dennis it possible to clarify many blamed the inability to recov- obscure points about the great er the contexts from intact era of the monumental tumuli chamber tombs in Etruscan at Tarquinia. Tarquinia on repeated looting Archaeologists working since ancient times. The -
Le Strade Dei Parchi
Assessorato Ambiente e Cooperazione tra i Popoli LE STRADE DEI PARCHI Itinerari nelle Aree Protette del Lazio Itinerario delle forre etrusche e della valle del Tevere Itinerary of the Etruscan canyons and the Tiber Valley GUIDA GUIDE L’Itinerario delle forre etrusche e della valle del Tevere Da Calcata a Sant’Oreste Ripresa la provinciale e superato il bivio per Magliano Romano, si è presto a Faleria. Su uno sperone roccioso alto sul Treja e sul fosso della Mola, il suo centro storico color tufo venne in gran parte abbandonato in seguito ad un terremoto nel 1942 ed evacuato nei primi anni Settanta. Esistono piani di recupero, ancora inattuati. In età romana Faleria si chiamava Stabla, per via della vicina statio (stazione di posta) di Stabulum sulla via Flaminia. Il paese conobbe il suo apogeo nel Cinquecento quando venne ingrandito il castello degli Anguillara, dei cui beni Faleria era entrata a far parte nel XIV secolo. A quell’epoca risale pure la costruzione delle mura con torri e porte, superate nell’Ottocento dall’ampliamento del borgo e quasi del tutto distrutte a inizio Novecento. Da visitare c’è soprattutto la chiesa di San Giuliano, dedicata al patrono San Giuliano Ospitaliere, con pianta basilicale a tre navate. Nel Cinquecento vi fu affiancato il campanile, alleggerito da bifore. A Faleria si prende la via Roma in salita, in direzione Rignano. Si tratta della strada provinciale Falisca che, stretta, sale nella campagna tra filari di belle querce. Passata la chiesetta della Madonna del Giglio, e più avanti un passaggio a livello, si entra in Rignano Flaminio. -
Littoral Trichoptera of Volcanic Lakes Vico and Bolsena (Central Italy)
Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim. 2004, 40 (3), 252-259 Littoral Trichoptera of volcanic lakes Vico and Bolsena (Central Italy) F. Cianficconi*, C. Corallini, F. Tucciarelli Dipartimento di Biologia Animale ed Ecologia, Università, Via Elce di Sotto, 06123 Perugia, Italy. The first list of Trichoptera from lakes Vico and Bolsena is reported. It is the result of research carried out in 1955 and 1971- 1979 in lake Vico, and in 1957 and 1959-1990 in lake Bolsena. The distribution of caddisflies around the littoral zone depends on the environmental characteristics of the microhabitats. Overall, 16 species from 7 families were collected, 8 of which were found in both lakes, whereas 5 were only collected in Lake Vico, and 3 only occurred in Lake Bolsena. Hydroptila aegyptia and Ecnomus tenellus were the most abundant species in Vico, Tinodes waeneri and T. maclachlani in Bolsena. The trophic catego- ries of the larvae and their gregarines were identified. Keywords : Trichoptera, checklist, ecology, zoogeography, trophic categories, gregarines. Introduction Study area, material and methods Information on Trichoptera of volcanic lakes in La- Lake Vico and Lake Bolsena are located in northern zio derives from a study of Lake Monterosi (Moretti et Lazio-VT, central Italy (Fig. 1). They differ in altitude al. 1967, 1968), from a short paper on Lake Vico (Mo- retti & Tucciarelli 1978), and from research carried out on the dietary regime of fish in Lake Bolsena (Gat- taponi & Corallini Sorcetti 1988). The faunistic list of the invertebrate composition in the littoral zone of La- ke Vico (Mastrantuono 2000) reported the presence of Trichoptera.