DOCSLIB.ORG

Deaf Accessibility in a Three-Day Instructional Skills Workshop: an Explorative Study Monte Hardy Applied Disability Studies ©

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Deaf Accessibility in a Three-Day Instructional Skills Workshop: an Explorative Study Monte Hardy Applied Disability Studies © Deaf Accessibility in a Three-Day Instructional Skills Workshop: An Explorative Study BY Monte Hardy Applied Disability Studies Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts Faculty of Applied Disability Studies, Brock University St. Catharines, Ontario © 2018 ii Acknowledgement My thesis, “Creating Deaf Space in the Instructional Skills Workshop: An Explorative Study”, is one person’s examination of a brief professional development training from a culturally Deaf perspective. The completion of this thesis would not have been possible without the support of a number of people. I am thankful to Dr. Maureen Connolly, as my supervisor, who provided me with guidance and feedback towards the completion of this thesis. Along with Dr. Connolly, Dr. Tom Craig were professors who opened my eyes to a different way of perceiving the world and challenging my preconceived notions, for that I am grateful. I am also thankful to Dr. Kimberly Maich and Dr. Nicola Simmons for their feedback and for being part of the committee. I am also grateful for the support and encouragement I received from Cathy Hardy, my life partner and my solid rock. You allow me the freedom to soar and walk with me when I am earth-bound. “One can never consent to creep when one feels an impulse to soar.” – Helen Keller Monte Hardy Monte Hardy ©2018 iii Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................... v Definition of Terms .............................................................................................. vi Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................ 1 Context ................................................................................................................. 1 Disability and Postsecondary Education in Ontario ......................................... 2 Self-reflexivity .................................................................................................. 4 Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................... 6 Conceptual Framework ..................................................................................... 7 Background ............................................................................................................ 8 What does it mean to be culturally Deaf? ........................................................ 9 What is the Instructional Skills Workshop? .................................................. 18 Understanding Lens and Orientation .............................................................. 26 Research Question ............................................................................................... 31 Brief description of research process ................................................................... 32 Chapter 2: Literature Review ............................................................................. 34 Experiences of Deaf in Postsecondary Education and Professional Development ........ 36 Postsecondary and workplace readiness for accommodations ............................ 43 ASL instructors training, Deaf pedagogy, and Deaf Space ................................. 46 Chapter 3: Design ................................................................................................ 53 Criteria for Critical Disability Studies research .................................................. 53 Role ...................................................................................................................... 56 Data Collection .................................................................................................... 56 Data Analysis ....................................................................................................... 58 Chapter 4: Findings and Analysis ...................................................................... 63 Findings ............................................................................................................... 63 Situation #1 - Negotiating Accessibility ....................................................... 63 Situation #2 – ISW Manual .......................................................................... 65 Monte Hardy ©2018 iv Situation #3 – Closed-eye exercise ............................................................... 66 Situation #4 – Line exercise ......................................................................... 67 Situation #5 – Feedback ............................................................................... 68 Situation #6 - Kolb ....................................................................................... 69 Analysis ............................................................................................................... 71 Galloway, Nudd, and Sandhal’s Ethics of Accommodation ........................ 71 Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats Analysis ................................. 78 Chapter 5: Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations ............................. 85 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 85 Conclusions ......................................................................................................... 92 Recommendations ............................................................................................... 95 Appendices Appendix A – ISW Three-day Cycle ................................................................ 105 Appendix B – Sample Structure of a Four-Day ISW for Deaf ASL Instructors ........................................................................................................................... 108 Appendix C – Guiding Principles of Accommodation ...................................... 114 References ........................................................................................................... 117 Tables Table 1 – Abbreviated sample of ISW content for a three-day schedule .............. 23 Table 2 – US Deaf versus hearing postsecondary graduation rate ........................ 43 Table 3 – Priestly’s core elements of Disability Research..................................... 54 Table 4 – Couser’s four criteria for disability life writing ..................................... 57 Table 5 – Galloway, Nudd and Sandhal’s Ethics of Accommodation .................. 59 Monte Hardy ©2018 v Abstract This study focused on the learning experience of a culturally Deaf person in a workshop milieu where training is short and intensive. The researcher is a culturally Deaf person who signs fluently and was raised in a Deaf family. The research examined and evaluated the Instructional Skills Workshop through a CDS orientation to identify possible barriers and sites of potential accommodation for Deaf learners, specifically American Sign Language instructors. The researcher participated in a three-day Instructional Skills Workshop and maintained a journal of his experiences. The research journal and the workshop manuals constituted the data sets. Data analysis involved a) selecting salient episodes from the researcher’ journal and applying Galloway et al’s Ethic of Accommodation to the episodes and b) applying a SWOT analysis to the overall experience including the manuals. Findings indicate that well-meaning people who assisted in accommodations soon became focused on the ISW process, and that the ISW 3-day structure format, the intensity of the schedule and quick exposure to the foundational premises may not fit a Deaf approach to this short, intensive professional development. Further study should be conducted in a pilot of a Deaf-friendly ISW using the recommendation of a 4-day format. Monte Hardy ©2018 vi Definition of Terms Term Definition Bicultural-Bilingual An approach that is called Bi-Bi, meaning bi-cultural/bi- approach to Deaf lingual approach to Deaf education that encompasses Deaf education culture, hearing culture, ASL and English. Computer Assisted A trained individual who uses a court-like stenographic Real-Time captioning machine to type captions of spoken words in small or large (CART) group settings which are projected onto a large screen (or computer) for deaf, hard-of-hearing, or other people with hearing loss. Constructed Describes the idea that disability is a creation of a society that builds barriers and perpetuates marginalization and oppression of individuals with impairments, i.e., disability is constructed. Critical Disability An orientation that focuses on “social, political and intellectual Studies (CDS) re-evaluation of explanatory paradigms used to understand the orientation lived experience of disabled people and potential ways forward for social, political and economic change.” (Meekosha & Shuttleworth, 2009, p. 49). Culturally Deaf A person who has a positive identity as a Deaf person, is a signer (sign language user), and participates in Deaf community activities. Culturally Deaf Considered from a culturally Deaf perspective, ensuring that (visual) perspective activities have visual elements. ‘D’eaf vs. ‘d’eaf While this usage may not be universal it is endemic to the North American Deaf community. The capitalized ‘D’ refers to signing Deaf people who are part of the Deaf community and identify as culturally Deaf. The small case ‘d’ is a term used to denote those who have hearing loss but do not identify as culturally Deaf or participate in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Making a Makerspace? Guidelines for Accessibility and Universal Design
    Making a Makerspace? Guidelines for Accessibility and Universal Design Many engineering departments, libraries, and Student Voices universities are launching new initiatives to create Why are accessible makerspaces important, makerspaces, physical spaces where students, and how do we involve more students with faculty, and the broader community can gather disabilities? and share resources and knowledge, work on projects, network, and build. In creating these • “Makerspaces are about community. innovative spaces we should apply principles of We need to ensure everyone from the universal design to ensure the spaces, tools, and community can participate.” community are accessible to as many individuals as possible. • “Makerspaces are often used to help build new assistive technology and increase Universal design encourages the design of space, accessibility; however, many of these spaces products, and processes not just for the average and tools remain inaccessible. We need to user, but for people with a broad range of abilities, make sure disabled people can access these ages, reading levels, learning styles, languages, spaces and create the products and designs cultures, and other characteristics. Makerspaces that they actually want.” foster innovation, and we want to ensure that individuals of all backgrounds and abilities can actively contribute to the design process. We Planning and Policies advocate for participatory design (interactions. Create a culture of inclusion and universal design acm.org/archive/view/march-april-2015/design-for- as early as possible. During your planning process user-empowerment) where individuals from diverse consider the following questions: backgrounds bring their unique experiences and • Are people with a variety of disabilities in- perspectives to the design process.
    [Show full text]
  • Assistive Technology That's Free
    AT That’s Free By Andrew Leibs Before the digital age, assistive technology was hard to miss, and hard to buy. Classmates would see a sight-impaired student’s boxy video magnifier or hear her computer talk. These were costly, clunky solutions usually acquired through special education. Today, we have the inverse: sleek laptops, tablets, and smartphones now have so much processing power, manufacturers can enfold functionality – e.g., screen reading, magnification, audio playback – that once necessitated separate software or machines. All Windows and iOS devices have more built-in accessibility than most users will ever need or know they have. And what’s not built into the operating system is usually available as a free mobile app, web service, or downloadable application. Here’s a quick look at some of the assistive applications you either have or can quickly snag to make reading, writing, online research, and information sharing more accessible or efficient. Accessibility Built Into Microsoft Windows & Office The Microsoft Windows operating system provides three main accessibility applications: Narrator, a screen reader; Magnifier, a text and image enlarger; and On-Screen Keyboard, an input option for persons who are unable to type on a standard keyboard. The programs are located in the system’s Ease of Access Center. To get there, click Start, Control Panel, and then Ease of Access Center. The Center lets you change accessibility settings, activate built-in command tools, and fill out a questionnaire to receive personalized recommendations. • Narrator is a screen reader that lets users operate their PC without a display. Narrator reads all onscreen text aloud, provides verbal cues to navigate programs, and has keyboard shortcuts for choosing what's read, e.g., “Insert + F8” will read the current document.
    [Show full text]
  • Accessibility Standards Activities
    INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS EFFORTS TOWARDS SAFE ACCESSIBILITY TECHNOLOGY FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES: CROSS-INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES Roger Bostelman August 24, 2010 1 of 20 1. Introduction a. US Government Accessibility Standards Activities Because of their large potential impact, accessibility standards might be thought of by many as only including the US Department of Justice Rehabilitation Act Section 508 standard or the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards. Section 508 requires that electronic and information technology that is developed by or purchased by the Federal Agencies be accessible to people with disabilities. [1] The ADA standard part 36 of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12181), prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability by public accommodations and requires places of public accommodation and commercial facilities to be designed, constructed, and altered in compliance with the accessibility standards established by this part. [2] Other US Federal Government agencies have ADA responsibilities as listed here with the regulating agency shown in parentheses: Consider Employment (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) Public Transportation (Department of Transportation) Telephone Relay Service (Federal Communications Commission) Proposed Design Guidelines (Access Board) Education (Department of Education) Health Care (Department of Health and Human Services) Labor (Department of Labor) Housing (Department of Housing and Urban Development) Parks and Recreation (Department of the Interior) Agriculture (Department of Agriculture) Like the agencies listed, the US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology’s (NIST) supports and complies with the 508 and ADA standards. Moreover, NIST was directed by the Help America Vote Act of 2002, to work with the Election Assistance Commission (EAC) and Technical Guidelines Development Committee (TGDC) to develop voting system standards - Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG).
    [Show full text]
  • Disability Rights Movement —The ADA Today
    COVER STORY: ADA Today The Disability Rights Movement —The ADA Today Karen Knabel Jackson navigates Washington DC’s Metro. by Katherine Shaw ADA legislation brought f you’re over 30, you probably amazing changes to the landscape—expected, understood, remember a time in the and fostering independence, access not-too-distant past when a nation, but more needs and self-suffi ciency for people curb cut was unusual, there to be done to level the with a wide range of disabilities. were no beeping sounds at playing fi elds for citizens Icrosswalks on busy city street with disabilities. Yet, with all of these advances, corners, no Braille at ATM court decisions and inconsistent machines, no handicapped- policies have eroded the inten- accessible bathroom stalls at the airport, few if tion of the ADA, lessening protections for people any ramps anywhere, and automatic doors were with disabilities. As a result, the ADA Restoration common only in grocery stores. Act of 2007 (H.R. 3195/S. 1881) was introduced last year to restore and clarify the original intent Today, thanks in large part to the Americans with of the legislation. Hearings have been held in both Disabilities Act (ADA), which was signed into law the House and Senate and the bill is expected to in 1990, these things are part of our architectural pass in 2008. 20 Momentum • Fall.2008 Here’s how the ADA works or doesn’t work for some people with MS today. Creating a A no-win situation Pat had a successful career as a nursing home admin- istrator in the Chicago area.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancing Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities to Conferences and Meetings of the United Nations System
    JIU/REP/2018/6 ENHANCING ACCESSIBILITY FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES TO CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS OF THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM Prepared by Gopinathan Achamkulangare Joint Inspection Unit Geneva 2018 United Nations JIU/REP/2018/6 Original: ENGLISH ENHANCING ACCESSIBILITY FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES TO CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS OF THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM - Prepared by Gopinathan Achamkulangare Joint Inspection Unit United Nations, Geneva 2018 iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Enhancing accessibility for persons with disabilities to conferences and meetings of the United Nations system JIU/REP/2018/6 I. Background and context About 15 per cent of the world’s population is estimated to live with some form of disability.1 In almost all societies, persons with disabilities face more barriers than those without, with regard to participation in and access to deliberative processes, and are at greater risk of being left behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which currently guides the developmental activities of all United Nations system organizations, is aimed at addressing these inequities through the key pledge to “leave no one behind”. Indeed, the Sustainable Development Goals reference disability in seven targets across five goals, while another six goals have targets linked to disability-inclusive development. A perspective relating to the inclusion of persons with disabilities and their rights, as outlined in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and particularly as relates to accessibility, must consequently be effectively incorporated into all facets of the work of the United Nations system organizations. Persons with disabilities should have a representative voice, chosen by persons with disabilities themselves, in every platform that has an impact on their interests, for they are best positioned to identify their own needs and the most suitable policies for meeting those needs.
    [Show full text]
  • “Reasonable Accommodation” and “Accessibility”: Human Rights Instruments Relating to Inclusion and Exclusion in the Labor Market
    societies Article “Reasonable Accommodation” and “Accessibility”: Human Rights Instruments Relating to Inclusion and Exclusion in the Labor Market Marianne Hirschberg * and Christian Papadopoulos Received: 28 August 2015; Accepted: 6 January 2016; Published: 16 January 2016 Academic Editor: Gregor Wolbring Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bremen, Neustadtswall 30, 28199 Bremen, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-421-5905-2189; Fax: +49-421-5905-2753 Abstract: Ableism is a powerful social force that causes persons with disabilities to suffer exclusion. The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is based on the human rights principles of equality and freedom for all people. This Convention contains two human rights instruments: the principle of accessibility and the means of reasonable accommodation, which can be used to protect the human rights of disabled persons. The extent to which they are used depends on whether the state implements the Convention adequately and whether companies accept their responsibility with respect to employing disabled persons and making workplaces available and designing them appropriately. Civil society can demand the adequate implementation of the human rights asserted in the CRPD and, thus, in national legislation, as well. A crucial point here is that only a state that has ratified the Convention is obliged to implement the Convention. Civil society has no obligation to do this, but has the right to participate in the implementation process (Art. 4 and Art. 33 CRPD). The Convention can play its part for disabled persons participating in the labor market without discrimination.
    [Show full text]
  • Milestones of the Disability Rights Movement Over the Years the Center for Students with Disabilities Is Celebrating Our 50Th Ye
    Milestones of the Disability Rights Movement Over the Years The Center for Students with Disabilities is celebrating our 50th year of service at the University of Connecticut. In memorandum of the past 50 years, this timeline was created. The timeline details historical events relating to disability rights and advocacy, as well as major milestones for our Center across the years. Join us in celebrating the history of our Center by taking a virtual walk through various events throughout time that have been influential to our success. 1776 Declaration of Independence signed by Stephen Hopkins Stephen Hopkins, a man with cerebral palsy signs the Declaration of Independence. His historic statement echos, “my hands may tremble, but my heart does not.” 1784 Institution for Blind Children founded in Paris Valentin Huay established the Institution for Blind Children, a facility in Paris aimed at making life more accessible to those who are blind. Huay also discovered that individuals who are blind could read if texts were printed with raised letters. 1800 Treatise on Insanity is Published The first medical classification system of mental disorders created by Phillipe Pinsel in his Treatise on Insanity. His classification system included 4 parts: melancholy, dementia, mania without delirium, and mani without delirium. 1805 Medical Inquiries and Observations Published Father of modern day psychiatry, Dr. Benjamin Rush published Medical Inquiries and Observations, a text aimed at explaining the symptomatology of mental disorders. Louis Braille 1809: Louis Braille is born. He attended the Paris Blind School, founded by Valentin Huay. 1817 Connecticut Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons Thomas Galludet founded the Connecticut Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons in Hartford, Connecticut - the first school for the deaf in America.
    [Show full text]
  • White Paper: the Complete Guide to Digital Accessibility Compliance
    The Complete Guide to Digital Accessibility Compliance for Colleges and Universities WHITE PAPER Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 3 Background on Accessibility Laws 4 What’s New in WCAG 2.1? 5 What Does “Accessibility” Mean? 6 What Is “UDL”? 7 Accessibility Best Practices 8 Developing a Long-Term Digital Accessibility Plan 11 Solving Common Accessibility Issues: 5 Steps to Take Now 14 Tools and Resources to Help Your Website Become and Stay Accessible 15 Conclusion 16 OMNIUPDATE WHITE PAPER | 2 ABSTRACT Is an OCR letter in your school’s future? To avoid legal action from the U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights, it’s time to make sure that all pages on your college or university’s website meet accessibility guidelines for all people—and that means anyone who has a disability. But how do you go about implementing such a broad, complex rule? In this white paper, you’ll gain an understanding of what it means to be accessible, how to implement accessibility best practices, quick fixes to try as well as a long-term accessibility plan, and a list of tools to help you enhance your website accessibility efforts. INTRODUCTION Accessibility compliance is an ethical way to structure your digital presence, but keep in mind that greater accessibility means more people can access your website. In turn, this increases the potential size of your site’s audience, and greater audience size means more potential students—and ultimately an increase in enrollment. Infographic courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention According to research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 61 million adults in the United States have some type of disability.
    [Show full text]
  • Accessibility and Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Urban Development About 6.25 Billion People, 15 Per Cent of Them
    Accessibility and Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Urban Development1 About 6.25 billion people, 15 per cent of them persons with disabilities, are predicted to be living in urban centres by 2050. Urbanization has the potential to be a great engineer for achieving sustainable and inclusive development for all. The current lack of environmental accessibility2 faced by people with disabilities in particular in many cities in the world presents both a major challenge and strategic opportunity to promote an accessible and inclusive Urban Agenda, as the international community prepares for the 3rd Global Conference on Housing and Sustainable Development (Habitat III), which will take place in Quito, Ecuador in October 2016. A sustainable and inclusive New Urban Agenda would be greatly supported by promoting accessibility following universal design approaches and disability inclusion. This requires strong commitments in concrete terms including in particular, inclusive urban policy, regulatory norms and standards, universal design3 approached planning, allocation of necessary resources, and a broad-based partnership that involves and engages all community members, including persons with disabilities. Accessibility and inclusion of persons with disabilities in development Urbanization is currently one of the most important global trends of the 21st century. Urbanization has a great potential to be a great engineer to achieve sustainable and inclusive development for all. About 6.25 billion people, 15 per cent of them with disabilities, are 4 predicted to be living in urban centres by 2050. Urban environments, infrastructures, facilities and services, depending how they are planned and built, can impede or enable access, participation and inclusion of members of society.
    [Show full text]
  • Yosemite Accessibility Guide January 2015
    National Park Service Yosemite National Park U.S. Department of the Interior Photo by Dan Horner Yosemite Accessibility Guide January 2015 Welcome to Yosemite National Park! The park strives for full and equal participation for all visitors and continually upgrades facilities, programs and services to improve accessibility. This guide outlines a variety of accessible services, facilities, and activities available in Yosemite. Within each area, it describes ways for people with sight, hearing, and mobility impairments to enjoy Yosemite. If you do not need this guide after your visit, please return it to any visitor center or entrance station. The Yosemite Accessibility Guide is available at entrance stations, visitor centers and online at www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/upload/access.pdf. For general park information and descriptions of services, programs and activities, see the Yosemite Guide, available at entrance stations, visitor centers or online at www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/guide.htm. We welcome your comments and suggestions on ways to improve accessibility for visitors to Yosemite National Park. Discrimination on the basis of disability in federally conducted programs or activities of the Department of the Interior is prohibited. Contact Information: Accessibility Coordinator 209‐379‐1035 [email protected] United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Yosemite National Park P.O. Box 577 Yosemite, California 95389 IN REPLY REFER TO: P4215 (YOSE‐PM) Message from the Superintendent: Yosemite National Park is a wonderful and beautiful place with towering trees, thundering waterfalls and massive granite formations. Set aside as a National Park in 1890, Yosemite is a place visited by almost four million visitors a year.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategies for Providing Accessibility & Visitability for HOPE VI and Mixed
    Strategies for Providing Accessibility & Visitability for HOPE VI and Mixed Finance Homeownership Prepared by urban design associates Prepared for HUD’s Office of Public Housing Investments Public and Indian Housing January 2000 Accessibility for HOPE VI Homeownership “The HOPE VI program is committed to maximizing housing opportu- 1 nities for individuals with disabilities. In this regard, we want to explore issues involved with developing for-sale housing that is both accessible to persons with disabilities and marketable to all. Secretary Cuomo Introduction the hope vi program calls for the transformation of public housing projects into mixed income, diverse and stable neighborhoods.The marketing challenge for such projects is to attract middle income persons to developments that include a wide range of income gr oups and housing types. Experience to date indicates that new developments that resemble the most stable and admired traditional neighbor- hoods in a city have been the most successful. However, most traditional neighborhoods consist largely of two story houses often with raised front porches which have been a barrier to people with mobility impairments. The Challenge The challenge is to develop innovative designs that typify the best qualities of tr aditional houses, through a physical form that can expand the inventory of accessible homeownership opportunities and provide visitability for as many homes as possible. An Approach: Both & And Several approaches were identified in a working session among accessibility advocates, architects, developers and HUD officials. Instead of viewing the goals of providing accessibility and creating marketable homes as contradictory, these approaches explore design options that achieve both. Recent trends in market rate home developments helped identify some solutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Presentation Slides for Visitability: Building Today's Housing For
    Visitability – Building Today's Housing for Tomorrow February 23rd, 2021 Disclaimer • This presentation is for the City of Austin’s Visitability Ordinance No. 20140130-021 which only applies to certain private residential projects. • An accessible house presumes that a person with a disability will live in the unit, while a visitable house provides the ability to visit it and is more adaptable for future need. • The Americans with Disability Act (ADA), which only applies to commercial, public and governmental buildings, is not covered in this presentation. Outline • The City of Austin’s history/background of accessible code requirements. • Components of the 2014 ordinance - interior requirements - exterior requirements - waiving out of the exterior requirements - submittal requirements History/Background • There have been provisions for providing some type of accessibility inside the new construction of a single family dwelling or duplex residence since the early 1980’s. • The requirements were limited to providing a 30” clear opening and 2x6 min lateral wall reinforcement @ 34” from and parallel to the interior floor finish. • As we are living longer, there was a growing need to expand upon the existing regulations allowing for better access into & around a home so that more people can age-in place. Components to the ordinance There are (7) sections which are as follows: – R320.1 Applicability (eff. February 10st, 2014) – R320.2 Compliance req’d at plan review – R320.3 Visitable bathrooms – R320.4 Visitable light switches, receptacles and environmental controls – R320.5 Visitability bathroom route – R320.6 Visitable dwelling entrance – R320.7 Exterior visitable route (eff. July 1st, 2015) R320.1 Applicability.
    [Show full text]