1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5855 there sprang up an objection from an unexpected source, Paul B. Witmer, of California, to be register of the land and probably the same thing will happen tomorrow if we office at Los Angeles, Calif. (reappointment>; undertake to bring about a unanimous-consent agreement. Clarence Ogle, of Oregon, to be register of the land office I wish to say, however, that if we do not make better progress at Lakeview, Oreg. (reappointment>; with this bill than we seem to be making this week, we may Lloyd T. Morgan, of Colorado, to be register of the land have to give consideration to the holding of night sessions; office at Pueblo, Colo. (reappointment); and because I think consideration of this bill ought to be con Paul A. Roach, of New Mexico, to be register of the land cluded, and the bill should be voted on not later than Friday. office at Las Cruces, N.Mex. (reappointment). I hope that it may be done, but I will not present a request Mr. McKELLAR, from the Committee on Post Offices and at this time. I hope that by tomorrow the Senator from Post Roads, reported favorably the nominations of sundry North Dakota will have conferred with his associates who are postmasters. in opposition to the bill in the effort to arrive at a decision The PRESIDING OFFICER. The reports will be placed as to further debate. on the Executive Calendar. Mr. NYE. Mr. President, I think the Senator is aware of RECESS the fact that there are no less than three or four Senators Mr. BARKLEY. I move that the Senate take a recess untU who are prepared to speak upon the subject for not less than 11 o'clock a.m. tomorrow. an hour each, and I hope the Senator will delay his request The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 o'clock and 26 minutes for unanimous consent until such time tomorrow as those p. m.> the Senate took a recess until tomorrow, Thursday. three.or four Senators shall have concluded their arguments. April 28, 1938, at 11 o'clock a. m. · Then I think a unanimous-consent agreement may be an ticipated. However, I want to give notice that under absolutely no NOMINATION · circumstances will I give consent to a time being fixed when Executive nomination received by the Senate April 27 there shall be a vote on amendments and on the bill itself. (legislative day ot April 20), 1938 I have had such an experience heretofore, and I want to UNITED STATES ATTORNEY give the Senator notice that I should have to object if any Alexander Murchie, of New Hampshire, to be United States such proposal were made. attorney for the district of New Hampshire. 5856 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 27 MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE destruction of the R. 0. T. C., the removal of Army officers A message from the Senate, by Mr. St. Claire, one of its from C. C. C. camps, and their replacement by "social serv clerks, announced that the Senate had passed without ice" workers who in most cases would be radical agitators. amendment a joint resolution of the House of the following This so-called Young America movement is the Com.. title: munist ~ited front in action through its quasi auxiliary, H. J. Res. 573. Joint resolution to amend the joint resolu the Amencan Youth Congress, which drafted the American tion entitled "Joint resolution authorizing Federal partici Youth Act. pation in the New York World's Fair, 1939." In recent years some have been amazed at the seeming EXTENSION OF REMARKS ability of our youth to undertake and carry through large Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous. pro~rams affecting legislative education and local problems. consent to extend my remarks in the RECORD, and to in Be~nd the scenes we :find an explanation of this seeming clude therein a radio address I delivered yesterday, abibty. We find that our youth are simply the pawns on The SPEAKER. Is there objection? the board moving at the dictates of a clique made up of some There was no objection. of the most astute propagandists that history has known. Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to The tragedy of it is that too few of ~ these zealous young Americans realize that they are being used as front and extend my remarks in .the RECORD, and to include therein a very short editorial. shock troops for a vicious world revolutionary movement The SPEAKER. Is there objection? concocted and executed by a group of God-denying and God Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I reserve the right to object. de~yin~ men whose . philosophies are those of Karl Marx. What is this editorial about? · Friednch Engels, Nivolai Lenin, and Dictator Stalin of Mr. MASON. This editorial concerns getting ready for the Russia--men who are the .sworn enemies of what we t~day 1938 election. It is a very sweet one. term "Americanism"-American ideals and traditions. Mr. RICH. Mr . .Speaker, the Democratic administration The three words "American Youth Congress" are used as · ought to object to these editorials going into the REcORD. It a disguise for the most dastardly attack ever perpetrated on seems to me that whenever we permit editorials to go into the the American constitutional form of government. REcoRD, and anonymous letters, such as was placed in the Member organizations of this so-called Youth Congress RECORD by the majority leader the other day, written to ~ho sponsored and participated in the pilgrimage to Wash the President of the United States, we are extending the mgton recently include organizations which we are certain privilege too far. Gracious goodness! How do we know but have not the slightest idea of the purpose for which they ~re that that letter came from the White House itself? bei.ng used. Many, if they know the truth, would spurn an The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Pennsylvania alliance with such an un-American organization. object? The names of the affiliates of the American Youth · con.. Mr. RICH. I think the Democratic administration ought gress, a~ published pY it, include: Amepcan Baptist Publica.. to object. · tion Society, Young People's Division; American Federation of The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Tea.c~ers; Ame~ican League for Peace and Democracy, Youth There was no objection. Division; Amencan Student Union; Consumer's Unlon; Ep Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, a petition sponsored by the worth League of the Methodist Episcopal Church' Federation Veterans of Foreign Wars will be presented today, and I ask of Architects, Engineers, Chemists, and · Technici~ · Interna unanimous consent to extend my rema.rks in the RECORD in tio~al Union of Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers; Int~rnational connection with the presentation of that petition at this Umon, United Automobile Workers of America; International point. Workers Order; YQuth Section; Interseminary Movement· Na The SPEAKER. Is there objection? tional Business and-Professional Council, Y. W. C. A.; National There was no objection. Council of Meth.odist Yc;>uth; NatiQnal Industrial Council, Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, today the Members of the Y. ·w. C. A;..; ·NatiOAal Intercollegiat_e Christian Council; Na House received an invitation from the Veterans of Foreign ti?~~ Mariti~e - union~ National Negro Congress, Youth Wars to be present this afternoon ·at ceremonies at the east DIVISion; NatiOnal Student Federation of America; southern front steps of the Senate side of the Capitol during the pre Negro Youth Congress; Steel Workers Organizing Committee· sentation to Congress of nearly 4,000,000 signatures on peti Stl:ldent Peace Service;· United E;lectrical, Radio, and Ma: tions to keep America out of war. chme Workers of America; United Cannery Agricultural It is doubtful if any patriotic American would look with Packing & Allied Workers of America; United 'Mine Worker~ equanimity upon the prospect of our country again becoming of America; United Student Peace Committee; Workers' Alii· involved in any foreign conflict. With our horror of war, ance of America; Young Communist League, u.s. A.; Young we all join with the Veterans of Foreign Wars in praying People's League of United Synagogue of America; Young that never again will we be required to participate in such Judea; Young Peoples Socialist League; Younger Democrats a struggle. The efforts of the veterans must be commended of the United States; Forei~n Policy Association, Student by all right-thinking citizens. We all should give to the . Department; International Student Service; League of Na furthering of the purpose advocated by them our whole tions Association, ·Educational Department; National Edu hearted, our untiring, and our unceasing support. cation Association of th~ United St:ites; Public Affairs Com Unfortunately, there are in this country far too many who mittee, National Board, Y. W. C. A.; and others. accept, adopt, and would put into practice the teachings Lenin long· ago proclaimed that-- which emanate from Moscow. communism wm never be put across by Communists alone but · Believing, as I do, that the people should know something by Communist aid societies. · ' of this movement; so that they may meet and check it before William z. Foster, titular head of the Communist Party it is too late, it is my purpose to call attention to one phase U. S. A., said later in an address that-- ' of it-where Communists are using our land for their own purposes. We Communists know how to get things bought and paid !or by others. . . Mr. Speaker, recently in Washington we witnessed a demonstration of so-called "Young America," which in its Is it any wonder, then, that today's economic boycott implications is more important than many matters now against other countries is organized and directed by the before this Congress. American League for Peace and Democracy, which was fa Many of us were interviewed in our offices, in the cloak . thered by the Communist Internationale several years ago to rooms, or in the corridors by these young people who came organize and prosecute in all nations revolutionary activity, to Washington from many cities to support the American to function as a. respectable appearing "front for the world .Youth Act a:nd a program of legislation which includes the revolution.'' 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5857 This league, which, until a few months ago, used the title The temper as well as the policy and general attitude of "American League Against War and Fascism," was organized the league can well be gaged by quotations from still others and promoted by the same interests and personalities who who addressed it. For instance: organized the American Youth Congress and many of its Mrs. Jeanne Lyon, on boycott of Japanese goods, said: affiliates, including the American Student Union, which is If our Government, in the Brussels Conference, won't stop Japan and has been the spearhead of the youth movement to over in her aggression on China, it is incumbent upon the people to do t:t.row the American constitutional form of government. so. The weapon of the people is the boycott. We consume 85 percent of the Japanese silk. If we refuse to buy silk, we practically The student union, by the way, came into being at the cripple Japan's abillty to fight. Some 2,000,000 Japanese farmers Y. W. C. A., Columbus, Ohio, in December 1935. The union grow silk on their farms as a means of extra income. grew out of a merger of the Communist National Student Representative JoHN T. BERNARD, during the league conven League and the Socialist Student League for Industrial De . tion, said: mocracy. The Oxford pledge was made part of the creed I am with you a hundred percent. The President's speech at of the Union. · Chicago was a signpost pointing to a new path for American foreign Returning to the American League for Peace and Democ policy. It Is now up to the Congress to take the first firm steps along that new path-to translate the President's historic words racy, which lists student union officers among its executives. into legislative deeds. Of course, this means amending the Neu we find that the chairman of the league is the English-born trality Act of 1937. Our amendments will specifically provide for radical, Dr. Harry F. Ward, who also serves as chairman of the immediate lifting of the arms embargo upon Loyalist Spain. the American Civil Liberties Union, the Communist-defend This stain on America's honor must be expunged. Republican Spain and China must have the legal right to buy from the United ing organization which a congressional committee said sup States all tliat they need for their heroic defense. ports every subversive activity in the United States. The vice chairmen of the league are Mrs. Meta Ber Joseph P . .Lash, organizer and national secretary of the ger, widow of the late Socialist Congressman, Victor Berger; American Student Union, addressing the convention, said: and Robert Morse Lovett, founder and first president of the We point with particular pride to our annual student strike in Federated Press, an alleged newspaper service about which a which up to a million students have participated. Senate document states: Dr. Max Yergan, Negro delegate and acting executive secre The major propaganda-distributing agency of the Communists is tary of the National Negro Congress, told the convention: the Federated Press. It has been financed and promoted through The Negro has discovered that the issue he faces is not just a the center Communist organization under instructions of the lia.Cial issue. He realizes that the cause of democracy is the cause Communist Internationale at Moscow. It serves approximately of the Negro; that the fight which the Chinese and Spanish people 200 newspapers, publications, and agencies in America, and about are making for democracy is a fight for him. It cannot be hoped 120 newspapers in Europe. for-it must be fought for. The technique for securing and pre serving democracy Is a technique of struggle---atruggle in a special Lovett today is a professor at the University of Chicago, sense for the Negro--a struggle in unity with all the liberal pro and is generally rated one of the half dozen most radical gressive forces that are working for democracy. , educators in the Nation. On the executive board of the Dr. Yergan has been named a member of the national league are Roger Baldwin, director of the Civil Liberties executive committee of the league. Union, who has said, "Communism is the goal"; Earl Ludwig Renn, German writer and commander of the inter Browder, general secretary of the Communist Party, United national brigade of the Loyalist Army in Spain, said: States of America, who is listed on the board as representing Among these excellent troops the greatest number now are the the International Workers' Order, which is the insurance and Americans. They spill their blood in Spain, not only for the agitational branch of the Communist Party; and Clarence A. Loyalist cause but also for American democracy. Hathaway, editor of the Daily Worker, Communist official Another speaker at the convention, Y. T. Young, of the newspaper, published in New York. Hathaway, however, is Chinese CUltural Clubs, said: on the board as representing the International Labor De In the name of the Chinese people I extend hearty greetings fense, the Communist international organization set up to through this congress to the American people. We Chinese people defend Communists when they run afoul of the law while are fighting for the same freedom which is so dear to the American carrying on their revolutionary activities. tradition, but I wish to stress that unless we receive greater sup port from the outside world our fight will prove most difficult. The league, when it convened in Pittsburgh November The situation is urgent. In the name of the Chinese people I want 26 to 28, 1937, registered 1,416 delegates from 1,050 organi to appeal to you for immediate action, particularly to support the zations representing 4,025,920 persons. boycott movement. Our victory 1s your victory. The league listed on its official report more than a score Mikio Kubota, secretary of the communistic Japanese of resolutions adopted at the convention. Nos. 1, 2, and Peace Association, which is comparable to the average left 3, in the order named, were: Japanese boycott; aid to China; wing pacifist group in America, addressed the convention. Japanese Exclusion Act. He said: Let me quote further from the official report of the league: The Chinese people, fighting in defense of their fatherland, stand today as a bulwark, defending the integrity of world democracy. Nationally the league was the first organtzation---ao far as we We urge the boycott of Japanese goods. We also ask you to exert can discover-to call for a boycott on Japanese goods. The mass mass pressure to stop the shipment of munitions and scrap iron meeting for China, held in Madison Square Garden in New York to Japan and actively participate in putting into practice the words City, under the joint auspices of the league and the American of your great President--"to quarantine the aggressors." Friends of Chinese People, on October 1, was of prime importance in launching the Nation-wide campaign for China. At present The league is essentially international because of its rela the league is serving as a clearing house for information and col tion to the Communist Interna,tionale at Moscow and its lection of relief funds for the China campaign. affiliation with similar leagues which Communists maintain Earl Browder, addressing the league at the Pittsburgh con- in many other nations. It was logical, therefore, that Ber- ference, said: · . nard Floud, president of the British Universities League of The American League is free to call upon the services of every Nations Societies, should address the Pittsburgh convention. Communist in the United States. Anything you want us to do He said: just call upon us and we will do it. I, myself, am not only a fraternal delegate from the Communist Party, but also am an The vast majority of British students, the majority of the youth, official delegate from the International Workers' Order, a fraternal and a large section of the people as a whole particularly desire to organization of 135,000, and in that capacity I want to take my see the victory of the people in Spain and in China. 'Ibis has been shown by the very large number of meetings throughout the part in this congress and the work of the league hereafter. ·country on the question of Spain and China and the vast amount Dr. Lovett, the league's vice chairman, said: of money raised. The British people believe in peace and in de mocracy wholeheartedly. Why is it that we have not been able I would like to endorse everything Ward (chairnian of the to bring about the downfall of the Gover~ment? For various rea· league} has said about the helpful attitude of the Communist sons no country in Europe has been able to take an effective lead Party toward our organization. I say with him that my associa to rally democratic oountries in Europe. There is only one coun tion with them has been always happy and always cooperative. try great enough and stroni enough to take the lead out of the 5858 CO_NGRESSlONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 27 hands of the British Government and take the initiative out of the Ward said the Spanish campaign had been a strain on the hands of the Fascists and set the world back on the road to democ racy and peace, and that country is the United States. finances of the organization, and added: There is only one answer, and that is to find new faces and bring Parenthetically, it might be added that at the conclusion them into the league. of Mr. F'loud's address there was read to the convention a cable from Mme. Chiang Kai-shek, acknowledging with Paul Reed, secretary of the league, reported to the conven thanks the receipt of a thousand dollars collected for the tion that the league today has 102 organizations in as many Chinese people at the Madison Square Garden meeting on cities and in 24 States. October 1 sponsored jointly by the American league and the He, too, said that- friends of the Chinese people. The league was cofounder and a moving force in the creation of Let me quote another paragraph from the official pro the North American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy. ceedings of the convention. It follows: Mr. Reed said that- Resolutions were intrOduced to support the national student strike next April and to explore the possibility of calling a Nation The Washington Legislative Conference called by the league 1n wide 2-minute antiwar stoppage on that day; also to proclaim a March of this year (1937) was attended by 252 delegates represent Japanese Boycott Week from December 17 to Christmas Day for ing almost 1,200,000 citizens on the eastern seaboard. an intensive campaign against the purchase of Japanese toys. These resolutions were approved. A few weeks before he addressed the league in Pittsburgh, Earl Browder, now a member of its executive committee and The convention also heard an address by Dr. Ch'ao-Ting then its vice chairman, made a speech in connection with the . Chi, editor of Amerasia, who said: Communist municipal election campaign, and among other China is fighting in a war of defense, not only against Japanese things said: aggression but also for the existence of democracy. One way of stopping the war is to c;arry out the principles of President Roos_e A pact for mutual advance of peace in the Pacific between China, velt's speech in Chicago. Soviet Union, and the United States will certainly guarantee peace in the Pacific. It was 5 years ago that plans for uniting the Chinese From the Peoples' United Front, of France, came greetings people to save their country from the Japanese aggressors were to the convention, which said: formulated and published by the Communist Party in China. The vigorous campaigns conducted by the American league, its A few days ago I received some letters from the leaders of the wide mobilization of support for the peoples of Spain and China, Chinese Soviet Government and the Chinese Red Army, written just its pressure for the adoption of a positive peace policy by the before the Japanese invasion at Shanghai on June 24, from the State United States of America, its defense of democratic rights agaiBBt of Yenan, in the Province of Shensi, the headquarters of the Chinese vigilante and reactionary forces, have been followed with keen Soviet Government. They came from the three principal leaders of interest by the friends of peace and liberty in other parts of the the Chinese Soviets. The first letter is from the President of the world. Chinese Soviet Republic, Comrade Mao Tse-tung. He says: "MY DEAR COMRADE BROWDER: Taking advantage of a comrade's Greetings also were read from Tom Mooney, whose record visit, I am sending this letter to you, our respected Comrade is familiar to all of you. Browder, good friend of the Chinese people, and leader of the In making his official report to the convention, Dr. Harry American people. "Both the Communist Party o~ China and the Communist Party F. Ward, national chair~an. a~ong other things, said: of the United States of America are confronted with a historic task, Under the smoke screen of a defense against communism, the the task of resisting and .overthrowing the aggressive policy of Jap Fascist Internationale fears an attack against democracy because anese imperialism. The Chinese Party is endeavoring to bring about democracy leads to the kind of social change that the Fascists are an anti-Japanese national united front. .(Uthough our work is opposed to. passing thrOugh a difficult period, we have already made progress The rise of the C. I. 0. in the mass-production industries has and we are dciing our best to bring about the desired result. already begun to have enormous political consequences in the ''From several · American friends, and from other sources, we struggle for democracy and for peace. learned that the Commun~t Party of the United States and the The President's Chicago speech marks a turning point in the masses of the American people are deeply concerned with China's foreign policy of our country and represents a cha.nge in the struggle against Japan and have given us assistance in many ways. ~per of a considerable section of the American people. It gives This makes us feel that our struggle is by no means isolated and us the slogan for this conference in the international field-"Neu we are heroically assisted from abroad. At the same time we feel trality is not enough. Isolation won't work. Quarantine the that when we achieve victory this victory will be of considerable aggressor. Concerted effort is necessary." help to the struggle of the . American people for liberation. The These were the four points of the President's speech, and they world is now on the eve of a great explosion. The working class indicate the basic points in the foreign policy of the American peo of the world and I'!Jl th~ peoples who des~ liberation must unite ple for those who sincerely desire to preserve and extend democracy tor the common struggle. and secure peace. "Revolutionary ·.greetings, "'MAo TsE-TUNa.'• Dr. Ward says: "Neutra.Iity is not enough." "Isolation Browder· continued: won't work." "Quarantine the aggressor."· "Concerted effort A second letter which I want to read to you is from Chow En-lai, 1s necessary." What does he mean? Another war fought one of the greatest political thinkers, writers, and organizers of the with American treasure, fought With American men on for Chinese people. He writes on the ~e day: eign soil to make the world "safe for democracy." The Amer "CoMRADE BROWDER: From the comrade who Visited us we learned ican people want none of it, and these "efforts to involve us in what concern you and the Communist Party of .the United States have for the Chinese revolutionary movement, and what enthusias the quarrel of ambitious foreign rulers· or dissatisfied old tic assistance you bave given us. This news gives us great st1Inu world peoples should be condemned in no uncertain terms. lation. Dr. Ward told the league that- "Comrade, do you remember the Chinese comrades who worked with you in China 10 years ago? Unfortunately Comrade Su Chao When the Spanish-War broke out we were in a position to work chen, whom you knew best, is no more with us. He died of sickness in cooperation with the Canadian league to bring to this country in 1929, when he was working under the most d1fficult conditions. an official delegation from the Spanish Government. We jointly put "Since the Sian incident, the Chinese Community Party and the that delegation on tour through this country and Canada. We also laid the foundation for the organ.iza.tion of the North American Kuomintang have again started negotiations. We are dealing with Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy, which is still carrying on. a new problem of the united front which is not exactly like the When the Chinese war broke we took the same lines of action, united front negotiations between the Communists and Socialists two in Europe and America. It is also different from the kind of coop financial aid to the victims of the aggressor and a five-point eration which we had with the Kuomintang between 1924 and 1927. program for action by the people. The objective of the united front at the present time is to fight Ward"listed the five points, which included: (1) Stop buy Japanese imperialism. Til,us in China at the present time the ing Japanese goods; (2) support organized labor in refusing concrete process of bringing about the united front and the content of the united front is very devious and· complicated. As to what to handle shipments to or for Japan of any war materials; actually happened and what is the present status of the negotia (3) demand an embargo of all war materials for Japan; <4> tions I have already transxpitted this. t~ you. demand that China be permitted to buy here anything she "I fervently hope that you and the party under your leadership will give us more support. I am also anxious to get your opinion needs. on our uhited front work . . I am confident that with our . two Ward added that- parties on botb sides of the Pac11lc working to overthrow tbe devil If the Government won't proclaim an embargo, the people can of aggression in the Pacific and later to overthrow all aggressors, we carry out a ·boycott and with the cooperation of the middle classes, will surely succeed. the farmers, and labor workers, stop war supplies going from this "Enthusiastic Bolshevik greetings to you. country to Japan. "CHow EN-LAL,. 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5859 And the last of these letters is from Chu Teh, the great m11itary ever-present menace of communism and its legion of duped genius of the Chinese Red Army. He writes: "On behalf of the Chinese people's army, I am sending to you cat's-paws. and through you to the Communist Party of the United States, Mr. Speaker, there is an element of irony in the fact that the American workers and farmers, and all American friends of the a few years ago there was open warfare going on between Chinese national liberation movement our enthusiastic greetings. men who today are working side by side on the so-called "We are determined to exert our utmost to unite the Chinese people for the purpose of driving out Japanese imperialist bandits Committee for Industrial Organization. and struggle for the freedom and liberation of China. In this . Deny it if they will, the Communist leadership of this struggle, we hope you wm give a great deal of fraternal assistance. Nation does exercise control over the C. I. 0. From a Senate Let us join hands and destroy the dark and barbaric system of fascism. Our future is bright and is bound to be illuminated by the document presented by the late and beloved Henry Cabot progress that is bound to shine in both hemispheres. Lodge and predicated on the findings of the United Mine "Long live the solidarity of the Chinese and the American people. Workers of America, let me quote: "Long live the victory of our struggle against fascism. "CHU 'I'EH." The Communist movement In the next 12 months wlll be con ducted along more extensive lines than it has at any time in the After reading the letters, Browder said: past. The labor organizations will meet their greatest assaults Comrades, what can I say: of these messages from our Chinese and attacks,, and the Communists wlll make greater efforts than comrades? We have a great duty -to perform. We must make the they have at any time in the past to get possession of them. The American people understand that the cause of the Chinese people movement is aimed not only at the labor unions but at the entire -is our cause, the defeat of the J.apanese imperialism is our concern. industrial, social, and cultural structure of the country and with We shall not allow America to be used as a base by Japan to make the single aim of eventually establishing a Soviet dictatorship in war against the Chinese people. We have to organize first of all the United States and converting the country into a vassal colony -to shut off the flow of all commodities and credits from this .coun of the Communist Internationale at Moscow. try which help the Japanese Imperialists. A good beginning would be to organize a few mass demonstrations around some of That indictment of communism was made 15 years ago. ·these Japanese scrap iron ships on the docks of Brooklyn. That it was a prophecy that seems to be coming true you Can we afford that America shall do less than is being done by the Soviet Union? must know. The Senate document continues: Mr. Browder's alarm over the threat to communism in The menace of bolshevism in America, the United States, and China also is voiced in an official list of instructions from the Canada, is not a figment of the imagination or an invention of ·executive committee of the Communist Internationale issued hysteria. It is not a passing fancy or a deceiving mirage. Nicolai Lenin and his group of associates at Moscow are urging a definite :from Moscow, which said: contest for the subjugation and seizure of the United States and M111tary complications in Europe would untie the hands of the Canada. They would dispel the present governments, destroy the Japanese Imperialists in the Far East for the armed seizure of sovereignty and independence of the people, and in their place other parts of China and would increase their aggressiveness enthrone the ideals and fallacies of bolshevism. against the Soviet Union to an extraordinary degree. . Millions of dollars are being spent in this contest. Much of the · In this hour of threatening danger the Communist Interna money is coming from continental Europe, and the remainder is tionale hurls forth the call and workers of all countries Unite. being collected through organizations and committees created for Down with imperialist war I Long live the soviet policy of peace. that purpose or by donations and contributions of sympathetic or well-intentioned people in the United States. George Dimitroff, general secretary of the Executive Com Immediately before the start of the miners' strike on April 1, mittee of the Communist Internationale,-a post which corre 1922, the sum of $1,110,000 was sent into the United States by way sponds to ·Earl Browder's office in the American Communist of Canada from Moscow for the purpose of enabling the Com munist agents to participate in this strike. Behind this move was Party, wrote the story of the fifteenth anniversary of the the scheme to overthrow the leadership of the union and then Communist Party in China, a story fn book form now on sale convert the strike into an "armed insurrection" against the in Communist book shops in America. He wrote: Government of the United States. During the 15 years of its existence the Communist Party in At this point it is suggested that you recall how John Ohina has grown up into a powerful revolutionary party, steeled Brophy, one of the leaders in that movement 15 years ago, in the fire of the Chinese Revolution, into one of the best sections of the Comintern. later joined with John L. Lewis, president of the United The international proletariat· are following the activities in Mine Workers of America, whom he had opposed on the China with unflagging interest. They have repeatedly demon Communist ticket, and how, working together, they found it strated their solidarity with the fighting Chinese people and the ·Communist . Party of China·. What is needed is to surround the expedient to finance to the extent of more than a half mil Chinese people who are fighting for their liberty with real moral lion dollars the political campaign of a major party, which and political support. It is necessary that. energetic measures be won success at the polls. taken to exert pressure on public opinion and the governments, Is first and foremost in England, France, and the United States of it any wonder that the head of the C. I. 0. felt that he America, and to secure that all direct and indirect support of the was Within his rights when he not many months ago sought ·robber plans and deeds of the .Japanese Fascist m111tary clique is favors at the hands of the successful candidate in that now really abandoned. We must unceasingly brand as a foul plot famous campaign? against peace, culture, and democracy the alliances between Ger man fascism and the Japanese military clique directed toward Again, let Mr. Browder be our witness. You have heard the dismembering and enslavement of China and toward unloosen of the plot to sovietize the United States and Canada, so ing a new imperialist world war;· we are not surprised when we learn that Mr. Browder, on In another elaborately planned book on the Fifteen Years October 10, 1937, is delivering an address before the Commu of the Communist Party of China, published and distributed nist Party of Canada at· Toronto at its eighth .annual con ·by the Communist Party, United States of America, and au vention. thored by one P. Miff, we find this quotation: The booklet issued by the Communist Party and repro It was the correct tactics of the Communist Internationale that ducing Mr. Browder's.speech has as its frontispiece a draw insured for the Communist Party of China achievements of excep ·ing showing two maps, one of the Soviet Union, the other of tional importance. North America. Their position shows them being welded into The book quotes at length ·from instructio-ns and advice one great Soviet. from Stalin to the leaders of the Communist Party of China~ Mr. Browder, whose slogan for 2 years has been "Com Is not the foregoing sufficient eVidence to convince any munism is twentieth century Americanism," has read a new intelligent American that the skillfully organized and di meaning into democracy, which has resulted in no end of rected boycott campaign against Japanese-made goods and confusion and explanation on the part of old-line Democrats the pressure activities to create public opinion in favor of the in the United States. · Chinese Communist Popular . Front, not only was inspired In his speech he referred to President Roosevelt and John and ordered by the Communist Internationale, but that it is L. Lewis as "moderate Democrats," and added: being prosecuted in close cooperation with Moscow? Democracy today is destroyed in much of the capitalist world. There are still some well-meaning but thoroughly misin It is fighting for its life in the remainder. It can survive under capitalism only to the degree to which are successfully carried out formed or misguided Americans, loyal at heart but woefully such programs as those of John L. Lewis and the Committee for lacking in the practical defense. and preservation of our cher Industrial Organization, and the economic reforms and peace pro• ished American institutions, who do not take seriously the gram of President Roosevelt. 5860 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRiL .27 Let us again turn to the Communist official organ, the The slogan "Defend the Soviet Union" has for years been Daily Worker, so Mr. Browder may reveal the Communist the ritual of Communists and their Communist aid societies. program intended to gain the support of many of the youth In the Party Organizer, official publication of the ·com groups which today make up the American Youth Congress. munist Party, Clarence A. Hathaway, editor of the Daily In the Daily Worker of July 29, 1935, we find this cable .Worker and executive of ·the A.meric~ League for Peace and report from Moscow, where Browder was making his report Democracy, said: to the Communist Internationale. The Moscow cable said: We should never lose sight of the danger of war against the Turning to the vital question of winning the American youth, Soviet Union undertaken at this time by a Fascist alliance-Ger Browder reported how the party had achieved success after the many, Poland, Japan. eighth national convention. He described the success of the party and the Young Communist League of the United States of America Hathaway added: in transforming a youth movement initiated by Fascist into anti Our slogan must be "For support to the peace pollcy of the Fascist fight organizations and showed the successful activity of Soviet Union and for its defense." . the Young Communist League among the memberships of religious andY. M. C. A. groups. He further said: is: The American League Against War and Fascism should every The pledge of the Young Communist League where be given increased aid by our party. I pledge upon joining the Young Communist League to be a loyal fighter for the everyday interests of the working classes and the The American Youth Congress, in one of its widely dis toiling youth, to further do all in my power to learn and become a tributed pamphlets, said: conscious leader amongst the young workers wherever I may be in the struggle against the boss class and for the establishment of a The core of the American Youth Congress movement is its pro worker's and farmer's government--a Soviet America. gram. The program calls for the support of strikes in industries engaged in the manufacture of munitions, for the demilitarization The Young Communist League which wields such a power of the C. C. C. camps, and the abolition of milltary training 1n ful influence in the American Youth Congress, to which refer the schools. ence has been made, in its declaration of principles says: Among the more than 100 organizations in the boycott · The Young Communist League gives its support to the first land movement of the American League for Peace and Democracy of socialism-the Soviet Union. Real democracy flourishes and is extended under the new soviet constitution. The Soviet Union 1s the Methodist Federation for Social Service of which Dr. can record these achievements because it has remained true to the Harry F. Ward is the directing head. The Epworth League principles of internationalism and has been guided by the teachings of the Methodist Episcopal Church, an affiliate of the Ameri of Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Stalin. We favor the nationalization of the munitions industry. We can Youth Congress, has an official publication The Epworth stand for the abolition of the R. 0. T. C. and the elimination of Herald. In the Herald of March 3, i934, was published an all Army influence and personnel from the C. C. C. camps. We article signed by Winifred L. Chappell, one of the secretaries pledge our aid to the annual student peace strike. of the Methodist Federation for Social Service, the writer Young Communists, as well as adults in the party, are offered several suggestions young men may follow in case taught the Internationale, the chorus of which is- of war. One was: T111 the fl.nal confl.lct Accept the draft, take the drill, go into the camps and onto the Let each stand in his place. battlefield or into the munitions' factories and transportation The International Soviet work--sabotage war preparations and war. Be agitators for Shall be the human race. sabotage, down tools when the order is to make and load m~ tions. Spoil war materials and machinery. The fourth choice 1s A popular song at the Young Communist League demon really a further development of the third. It calls for sabotage strations is the song of the Red Air Fleet, the words of but with the deliberate conscious informed intent to get rid of the which are: present economic system of which war is a part and to build a new world to the existence of which peace is a necessity. _, ~ OUr planes are set, they fly forth to the battle High into the -air our engines loudly roar Many of my oldest and dearest friends were, and As our planes are set, we are ready for struggle are, Against the world's imperialistic war. members of the Epworth League. I know that organization But for the wage slaves and the toiling masses as many of others which have been used in this movement A song of hope all our propellers whirl. are opposed to war, are patriotic, and if war must come will We drop them leaflets while we fight their bosses. be found, as they were found in the past, fighting for our The first Red Air Fleet of the worker's world. country. It is only because of the "boring within policy" of Fly higher and higher and higher the Communist, the concealment of their real purpose that Our emblem-the Soviet star. And every propeller is roaring-Red front I statements like those quoted appear to have the sanction of Defending the U. S. S. R.! some of these organizations. It ~ for the purpose of dis In the book, Why Communism? by M. J. Olgin, a book with · closing some of the ramifications of this movement that the more than a million circulation in the United States-a sort facts are here given. · of Communist bible-We find these words: The success with which the Communist leaders are getting We Communists say that there is one way to abolish the capitallst control of youth and enlisting. them in the defense of the state, and that is to smash it by force. To make communism pos Soviet Union is evidenced by the fact that the administrative sible the workers must take hold of the state machinery of capital- committee which now makes the decisions for the American ism and destroy it. · Student Union is made up of six Communists, one Socialist, In the same book we find this: and one mdependent. Hand in hand with the Communist Party, and under its guidance, The National Negro Congress which now affiliates with the functions the Young Communist League-the revolutionary organi important Communist Party subsidiaries and movements is zation of the young workers. an affiliate of the American Youth Congress, while the There is a Communist Party in every country of the world. All of them work for the same end. The decisions of the executive Brotherhood of SleepiD.g-Car Porters is a member of the committee of the Communist Internationale guide the activities Japanese boycott combination. A. Philip Randolph, presi of the parties. The Communist Internationale express a common dent of the Congress, in his address at the Chicago conven purpose and common decisions of all the Communist Parties of the world. The Communist Internationale (Comintern) gives unity of tion, said that- policy and leadership to the entire revolutionary movement of the Japan is restive in the face of the constant growth and power world. It is the general sta1l' of the world revolution. The Com of Soviet Russia and is steadily resorting to provocative acts of war. munist Party of the United States of America is thus part of a world-Wide organization which gives it guidance and enhances its Randolph in his publication The Messenger stated edi fighting power, torially that- Under the leadership of the Communist Party the workers of the United States of America w111 proceed from struggle to struggle, Time is right for a great mass movement among the Negroes; from victory to victory, until rising in a revolution they W1l1 crush revolution must come; we need a complete change in the organiza the capitalist state, establish a soviet state, abollsh the cruel and tion of society; the capitalist system must go and its going must bloody system of capitalism, and proceed to the upbuilding of be hastened by the workers themselves, physical force is self soc1alism. clefense, a bullet 1s sometimes Jl,lOre convincing than a hundred 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5861 prayers, editorials. sermons, protests, and petitions; we are There can be no question in anyone's mind in View of especially thankful for the Russian revolution. the greatest achievement of the twentieth century. what has happened the country over, and particula.rly in my own State of Michigan, that powerful organiZed forees It was logical, therefore, that Randolph and his organiza are at work to destroy the liberty of the citizens. By force tion should come to the defense of the Soviet Union by and violence when coercion and intimidation failed, armed joining in a boycott war. men have invaded the State of Micb..igan, driven peaceful The avowed Communist bodies identified with the United workers from their toil, taken possession of and held to ransom Front in the boycott and in other programs to promote the until their demands were met factories giving employment to overthrow of the American constitutional form of govern thousands of men. ment, and for the defense of the Soviet Union, a.re daily Within the month these forces have decreed that no man driven by the iron hand of the central committee of the shall work unless he belongs to their organization, which is Communist Party to propagate Communist doctrines among communistic in its leadership. They have decreed, and in their non-Communist associates. Here a.re some quotations places they have enforced their decree, that before a worker from the book of instructions: shall be permitted to buy bread. clothing, or shelter for his Hammering away at the necessity of the union but also drawing family he must pay the tribute which they levy. the ultimate conclusions of the necessity of abolishing the capi They have openly boasted that they proposed to take over talist system. Conditions in Soviet Russia must always be featured with the industrial plants. They have many times made good that proper conclusion of how to get them for ourselves. threat. They denounce all who would prepare for foreign Never fall to stress that it 1s only the overthrow of the capitalist confiict, and yet, behind the front of such a confiict, if it system that can do away with the abuses from which the working comes, they are already establishing their lines for their class is su1fering today. Certain phrases which have come to be internationally used by treacherous activities. the working class in all languages---euch as proletariat, for in In the industrial world we find the Communists promoting stance, should be popularized. labor disputes. We find them engaging in war against law If the article 1s on some large strike, push the roll of the Workers' International Relief. If lt 1s the anti-Soviet campaign and enforcing agencies. the conspiracy, play up the "Friends of the Soviet Union"-a.nd ao on. On the international front we find them advocating inter· In aasistlng the workers in this ftght, Communists must alway• terence in the conflict between China and Japan and in the explain the connection it has with the proletariat struggle for war being waged in Spain. emallclpation tn all countries. Should we not then, as patriotic Americans, believing in In a booklet sponsored by the Friends of the Soviet Union the principles promulgated by Washington in his Parewell and published and distributed by the Communist Party, re· Address, now, before we become involved in any conftict with port is made on a conference of the American League Against any foreign nation, make inquiry as to whether or not the War and Fascism which adopted a resolution which said: Government of Soviet Russia has violated its treaty with us? Oppose all attempts to weaken the Soviet Union whether these Whether or not there is an organized effort inspired by attempts take the form of misrepresentation and false propaganda, Moscow or her agents to precipitate this Nation into the war diplomatic maneuvering, or intervention by imperialist govern in the Far East or in Spain. Let us inqUire whether there does ments. exist, as was alleged in January of 1934, a secret treaty be· The book added: tween Russia and the United States by which each obligated The Soviet Union feel!! secure not only because of its arma themselves- ments but because of the solidarity of the toilers throughout the world. For the workers realize that an attack on the Soviet To maintain peace 1n the area of the Pac11lc Ocean. and by whtch Union by the capitalist powers 1s an attack upon the living stand~ each agreed, in the event of an attack by a third nation, to grant ards of the masses in every capitalist country, an attack upon their each ot her full military, finan cial, and national a.ss1stance. very ltves. In resisting aggression against the Soviet Union, the No true, patriotic American wants war. Many measures are workers o! America and of the world protect their own direct interests, their own kind. Each one of us, every friend of the advocated to keep us out of war. Proponents of each are Soviet Union, must work harder; every conscious worker and prone to claim that those advocated by others would involve farmer, every honest intellectual and professional, every Com us in war. munist and Socialist, must get together, closer; must form one solid united front. The situation which confronts us not only abroad but at home is a serious one. Let us, then, through a committee of In the May Day parades and demonstrations this yea.r, the House, inquire into the facts and find answers to the as formerly, these May Day affairs a.re known as practice questions which have just been suggested. revolutions-millions of Americans who a.re members of Mr. BACON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to organizations listed in the Communist United Front will by extend my remarks in the RECORD and to include therein a radio, lurid banners, red flags, loudspeakers, and through short address by Charles P. Taft on Relief and Social the radical press, degrade the flag and the government which Problems, which he made before the meeting of tbe Com gives them protection and will use the occasion to demand munity Chests here in Washington. the overthrow of the American Government and the sub· The SPEAKER. Is there objection? stitution of a Soviet America with Moscow as its capital. There was no objection. Everyone of the 800,000 workers on the Pederal pay roll, Mr. GEARHART. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent now the object of a high-pressure membership campaign to extend my remarks in the REcoRD and to include therein under C. I. 0. direction, is a potential ally of the powerful a letter signed by all of the members of the California dele Communist-controlled "army" · which is maintained in gation in Congress. America to defend the Soviet Union. It has been said that The SPEAKER. Is there objection? more copies of the new constitution of Soviet Russia were There was no objection. distributed in the United States last year than copies of our own Constitution. the one hundred and :fiftieth anniversary Mr. MITCHELL of Tilinois. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani of which we a.re now celebrating. mous consent to extend my remarks in the RECORD and to include therein a speech I delivered recently in New York Recently 60 Members of the Congress of the United States signed a greeting card to the Communist Popular Front of City. Spain, the overlords of which are the same that control the The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Communist Popular Front of China. The text on that There was no objection. greeting was prepared by, and submitted for signature to Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent the Congressmen and Senators by the treasurer of the Amer to extend my remarks in the RECORD and to include tnerein ican League for Peace and Democracy, William P. Mangold. a list of P. W. A. projects, approved, for the S ate of West Under black headlines over two columns on page one, the Virginia. greeting card and the names of the 60 sliners were p\lb. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? lished in the Daily Worker. There was no objection. 5862 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.-HOUSE. APRIL 27. Mr. VOORms. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Mr. LANHAM 5872 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 27 Mr. SEGER. I have requests for about 25 minutes, Mr. May I say that those figures have been testified to before Speaker. I ask unanimous consent that the gentleman from the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries~ New York [Mr. CULKIN] Iriay proceed for 15 minutes. of which I happen to be a member, and before the Commit The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. THo_MPSON of Dlinois) • tee on Rivers and Harbors, and no one has ever challenged Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from New the figures. It is about time the House and· the country Jersey? · · · wake· up to the fact that water transportatfon is playing a There was no objection. vital and necessary part in the economics of the American Mr. CULKIN. Mr. Speaker, the .distinguished cll.airman people. The savings so vital to the American people should of the Rivers and Harbors Committee has discussed the be proclaimed from the housetops so that all the people may mammoth character of the tonnage that goes over our hear and know. · waterways. May I Point out to the Members of the House Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? who are present the savings that result from this type of Mr. CULKIN. I yield to the gentleman from Texas, my transportation? May I say also, and this is by way of toot distinguished chairman. · ing our own horn, that there is no committee in the House Mr. MANSFIELD. The gentleman called attention to the that is more diligent in its work than is the Committee on fact that the figures to which he refers were not challenged Rivers and Harbors. . River and harbor work has been when offered before the Committee on Rivers and Harbors called "pork" in the past. . I have been a member. of the or when offered before the Committee on Merchant Marine Rivers arid Harbors ·coriunittee for 10 years and during that and Fisheries, of both of which co:Inmittees the gentleman period of time there was never a single piece of pork that got and I are members. Is it not a fact in that connection that by that committee. The committee has been, during the the opposition to the measures that were under considera greater part of that period-:-:_under the splendid and able tion at the tlme was represented by able . attorneys \vho were direction of the distinguished gentleman from Texas, Judge present and did not contest the figures? 1\{ANSFIELD, who is a techriician in this field. He has no ·Mr. CULKIN. Yes. The question went entirely by de illusions about the functions of waterways. lie knows. them fault. There was no challenge. I will not mention ·the from root to branch am;l is highly quali;fied by tempe:t:ainent name of the company that made this survey, but it is one to handle these problems. Supplementing him the commit of the largest and inost· reputable companies in America. tee has acted almost entirely under the advice and the guid This company spent a great deal of money in making 'the ance of those great public servants, the Army engineers. survey-an accurate one. · · . I have repeateclly said, Mr. Speaker:-and say again; that At this time I wish to stress the point that these water there is no type of public servant in the world under any ways belong to the ·people. They are the most 'priceless government, whether it be dictatorship or democracy, that possession of the people. Upon their successful and proper compares in etliciency and in unwavering ability and skill continuance depends in large part the future economic with, the Army engineers. security of the American people. I dare say, Mr. Speaker~ : The distinguished. chairman of the Coffim.ittee ori Rivers there is no indiv~dual or no industry in ~erica whose and Harbors referred a moment ago to the tortnage that destiny would not be seriously affected and perlutps thr:eat .goes over our . national w~terways. As he said, it amounts ened if any evil were to come to the waterways . to some 525,000,000 tpns per ye~r.~ Every single project in We have all heard the very mistaken propaganda which this bill has been tested as to economic efficiency by the has been made against waterways. A recent hearing in the engineers. Every single one of. these projects pays itself out Senate disclosed the fact that in the last 10 years the rail""!' in a short period of amortization. It brings added con.:. roads, who mistakenly elect themselves the chief foes of venience and added safety to the fisherman on the Atiantic, ,th,e waterways, h;ay~ spent $180,QO_O,OOO on propaganda,. much on the Gulf, and on the western coast. It gives cheaper of it directed against waterways. Of course, that inevitabl~ transportation·to the American people thiough the medium carries some conviction to the unthinking; However, I wish of improved. waterways. I wish to call the. attention of the to stress here and now that that whole procedure. is-mis Members of the House_.to just one phase of these savings. taken, it is eVil, am~ it. is based on a false and . erronecius May I say preliminarily that since the inception of tne h~othesis, for tp~ r~on that the railr9ads of the country Republic th~ country has spent on waterways, coastal and are the chief beneficiaries of the waterways. The railroad internal, approximately $2,200,000,000. · .development of the country. is always centered around the sea~>.orts . . \yitness S~n Francisco, Chicago, Cleveland, . and The savings to the people on one type of commodity, gaso New Orleans, New York. City, and a host of other ports. line, results each year in a saving of $4,000,000,000--to be Witness the development of the Pittsburgh area, due entirely exact, $4,357,000,000 a year. That is on gasoline alone. One to the low cost of water transportation, by' whlch a ton of of the great oil companies meeting the challenge of some ore is carried over the Great Lakes at the rate of a mill of the lobbying railroad groups had expert accountants -go per ton-mile. Therefore, the railroads have in fact · been into this question at length. These accountants established t~e chief beneficiaries. I saw a statement not long ago to the fact that by reason of the intervention of water trans the effect that over the waters of the improved New York portation itself, in our internal waterways ·and along the Harbor the· . railroads carrY each year approximately coast, by reason of specialized carriage of gasoline products, $12,000,000,000 worth of tonnage. - the saving to the public on a gallon of gasoline delivered Mr. STACK . . Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? at the pump amounted to 20 cents per gallon; that except Mr. CULKIN. I yield to my good friend the gentleman for the intervention of water transportaion and if the car from Pennsylvania. riage of gasoline was by rail, the American people today Mr. STACK. Is it not a fact that your chairman and would have to pay 38 cents a gallon for gas. They are now your distinguished committee ·are he~ping: not only commerce paying 18 cents a gallon. and our waterways but our national defense? This is shown We consume in America annually, or did in 1937, 21,787, in· comfectioh with the D~l~ware River, where you have · ooo,ooo gallons of gas. With a saving of 20 cents per gallon, agreed to deepen the channel so the battleships that are this puts into the pockets of the American people annually going to be built can go down to the sea. $4,357,000,000 a year by reason of water transportation. Mr. CULKIN. Yes; that is one of the phases of national This does not get to the question, if you please, of what defense. I am not one of those who are worried ·about na is saved on the carriage of other bulk commodities, such as tional defense. I am for it vigorously and I would make coal, iron ore, wheat, and corn; Those savings, of course, .America's defense airtight, put I d~ not believe there is any are tremendous. The savings on gasoline are probably body in the world who can successfully attack us. The greater by reason of the specialized character of the trans important Delaware . development d<>es bring ·about tre portation facilities. mendous civic bett~rments for the people. I may say to the 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5873 gentleman I am in favor of extending that channel up the Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, as the chairman of this river somewhat further. . "committee has said to the House, this is the smallest river Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? and harbor bill we have had before the House in several Mr. CULKIN. I yield to the gentleman from Texas. · years, the total amount being a little less than $34,000,000. Mr. MANSFIELD. In connection with the suggestion of The 39 projects authorized for work cover 15 States of the the gentleman from Pennsylvania, the provision in the bill Union. Every project that is in this bill comes before the for the improvement of the Delaware River channel up to House without a dissenting vote on the part of any member Philadelphia carries authorization for a 40-foot channel as of the committee, whether Republican or Democrat. [AP far as the Navy yard. It was reported to us by the Navy De plause.] There is neither sectionalism, partisanship, nor partment that some of these large battleships which are now politics in this river and harbor bill. Every project is provided fer will draw 37% feet and that the present chan based entirely upon justification and merit and as approved nel is only 35 feet deep. In this bill we provide for making by the Board of Army Engineers. There is no project ill the channel 40 feet deep up to that :Point, which you can all · this bill but what has been forced to undergo the acid test see is very necessary from the standpoint of national de imposed by the Army engineers before it came before our fense. committee and was recommended for adoption. Mr. SHORT and Mr. BRADLEY rose. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. CULKIN. I yield first to my colleague on the com Mr. DONDERO, I yield to our peerless chairman. mittee, the gentleman from Missouri. Ml:. MANSFIELD. I thank the gentleman. The gentle Mr. SHORT. I merely wanted to say I trust the gentle man referred to the fact that the bill had the unanimous man from New York will not overlook mentioning Duluth approval of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, and r and New Orleans along with these other great ports. will ask him if it did not also have the unanimous approval of Mr. CULKIN. Yes; I thank the gentleman. I am going all members of the Corps of Engineers who dealt with it?· to add Oswego, my own home port, which is now becoming Mr. DONDERO. Without a single exception that state very promising. ment is entirely correct. I now yield to the gentleman from Pennsylvania. Some mention was made of the total tonnage of water Mr. BRADLEY. I wish to thank the chairman and the borne commerce of this country, which was a little more than committee for their resolution asking the Army board tore 500,000,000 tons last year. I call attention to the fact that view that portion of the report covering the deepening of the region from which I come, the Great Lakes, can take the channel of the Delaware River from the navy yard to credit for 138,000,000 tons of this total commerce, or more the Delaware River Bridge. than 25 percent of the water-borne commerce of the United Mr. CULKIN. I myself am very much impressed with States. the merits of that extension. I would like also to call attention to the fact-and I have Mr. SHORT. It will be done at an expense of only said this before--that it costs no more to transport a ton of $11,000,000. coal from Buffalo, N. Y., to Duluth, Minn., a distance of 1,000 Mr. MANSFIELD. That is all. miles, by water than it costs to move a ton of coal from the [Here the .gavel fell.] curb in front of your house to your cellar window. This is Mr. CULKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to simply a comparison by which we may judge the economy of water-borne transportation as compared with other more proceed for 3 additional minutes. costly forms of transportation. - The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. THOMPSON of Dlinois). I do not believe the United States Government has an Is -there objection to the request of the gentleman from New agency that performs service for it that does its work with York? more unbiased judgment, based entirely upon merit, than There was no objection. the Board of Army Engineers of the United States. In all Mr. CULKIN. May I emphasize at this point in connec of our history only four times has the Congress of the United tion with the wholly mistaken propaganda of the railroads States seen fit to overrule the judgment and the recom that 90 percent o~ the harbors of the United States which mendation of the Army engineers on projects affecting the have been improved have had such work done at the re rivers and harbors of this country, and only once has there quest of the railroads themselves. Therefore, I ask the ever been a scandal in reference to the work proposed or House and I ask the country to be on their guard against submitted to the Rivers and Harbors Committee by the Army this mistaken and wholly destructive propaganda which .engineers. When it became known, the guilty one found would take from the people one of their chief safeguards in himself in a penitentiary paying for the crime he had the transportation field. committed. I ask you gentlemen not to misunderstand my position on Last Monday, by the narrow margin of seven, this House the railroads. I have no quarrel with ·them within the adopted a project which commits this Nation to a further scope of their true functions. My attitude is sympathetic expenditure of $112,000,000. This was the fourth time that and I look forward to supporting such legislation as the In the question had been submitted to the House of Repre terstate Commerce Commission may bring in order to al sentatives or one of its committees. Three times this House leviate their sad condition. That condition, however, is refused to adopt it; but the fourth time, on a roll-call vote, not due to water competition, but to other causes which I we voted to recede and concur with a Senate amendment, will not enumerate here. and, by the narrow margin of seven votes, an initial appro- ' I wish to say to the House that this biD, and I take no priation of $2,613,000 for Gilbertsville Dam was made to credit myself for that procedure, is as clean as a hound's begin work on that dam. tooth, absolutely free ftom the influence of locality and I want to say here and now that if the Tennessee Valley-· based solely on the sound economic merit of the individual Authority had remained under the jurisdiction of the Army projects. Each of these individual projects will bring to the engineers Gilbertsville Dam never would have been heard American people a higher standard of living in that it will .of in this House or in the Congress of the United States. I give them more comforts and lower the cost of transporta wonder how many Members of this body really know what a tion. [Applause.] gigantic project Gilbertsville Dam really is. When that [Here the gavel fell.l dam is built, it will be 9,000 feet long. It will create a lake Mr. SEGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that 184 miles long, with a coast line of 2,000 miles, or .longer the gentleman from Michigan [Mr~ DoNDERO] may proceed than the entire American Pacific coast and 300 miles longer for 10 minutes. than the entire coast line of Michigan on the Great Lakes. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the It will have an average width of 2¥2 miles and in some places request of the gentleman from New Jersey? 7 miles. It will submerge 166 miles of hard-surfaced high There was no objection. ways, paid for by the taxpayers, together with three major 5874 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 27 highway bridges. It will destroy 38 miles- of railroad and Mr. SHORT. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? three major railroad bridges. Mr. DONDERO. Yes. Five cities or towns will have to be removed from that Mr. SHORT. It is obvious that by the constrl,lctlon of this -valley and will require the relocation of 3,500 families, aggre high dam, instead of improving navigation, it will absolutely gating a population of 25,000 people. destroy navigation. · One million acres of the :finest and most fertile land in Mr. DONDERO. I do not think there is any question about the Tennessee Valley will be covered with water and taken that. off the tax rolls in 40 different counties. Two thousand :five Mr. ·cuLKIN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? hundred bodies will have to be dug up from their graves and Mr. DONDERO. Yes. removed to some other place. It will displace 4,000 miners Mr. CULKIN: The engineers made a report on the Ten and railroad workers. This dam is to be constructed for nessee River Valley, I think, in 1929. That r~port cost three purposes, namely, :flood control, navigation, and power $1,000,000 to prepare. It is one of the most thorough reports· development. of their history and involved the disbursement of $70,000,000, 1. VALUE FOR FLOOD CONTROL as the gentleman suggests. ls it not a fact that the Ten Obviously, the Gilbertsville Dam can yield no :flood-control nessee Valley Authority absolutely· ignored all the findings of benefit to the Tennessee Valley itself, since it is located at that report of that great body of engineers? the mouth of the river. Actually it will result in the flooding Mr. DONDERO. I think the gentleman is correct in that of an enormous area of lands on the lower Tennessee. Any statement. May I say· further in that connection that· with flood-control benefit must therefore be charged against the an investigation now pending, voted by both Houses of this reduction of :flood heights at the mouth of the Ohio River Congress and signed by the President of the United States," I and in the alluvial valley of the Mississippi. think it was a colossal mistake for this Congress to make an The :flood-control value of one method of reducing :flood appropriation for the Gilbertsville Dam until that investiga heights can be no greater than the cost of producing the tion has been completed and the people of the Nation per same results by an alternative method. The late Gen. Edgar mitted to look behind the' doors at what has been going on in Jadwin, as Chief of Engineers, in his ·report of December 1, the Tennessee Valley Authority. 1927, to the Secretary of War on Flood Control of the Mis Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle- sissippi River in Its Alluvial Valley, in recommending a man yield? · project that would cost $185,000,000 for :flood-control works Mr. DONDERO. Yes. for the entire alluvial valley, reported that the Birds Point Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. It is not· clear to me just New Madrid :fioodway costing about $6,000,000, including what is the estimated total cost of the Gilbertsville project.· :flowage rights, would reduce an extreme :flood at Cairo, Til., Mr. DONDERO. One hundred and twelve million dollars. by a· feet. This is a cost of a million dollars per foot. Mr. Some think it will go as high as $150,000,000, but I ilse the Bock reckons that the Gilbertsville Dam would reduce the smaller :figure. height of large :floods at Cairo by 2.3 feet or more. If this Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker~ will the · gen be so, credit for this reduction, as measured by the Birds tleman yield? Point-New Madrid fioodway, would be only $2,300,000, and Mr. DONDERO. Yes. not the enormous amount the T.V. A. would credit Gilberts Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. The gentleman has referred ville Dam for :flood control. to destroying all of the 'fertile land in that country and. de stroying the town, but he has not referred to the miles and 2. VALUE FOR NAVIGATION miles of railroad and hundreds of miles of highways and of The value of Gilbertsville Dam for navigation can reason great bridges that have been constructed, which will be ably be determined by the cost of alternative low-head dams destroyed. proposed by the Army engineers as reported in House Docu Mr. SHORT. And the telegraph and telephone lines as ment No. 328, Seventy-first Congress, second session, page~ well as the destruction of navigation. 98 and 99. This report estimates that four low navigation Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Out in that country all we dams, covering the same stretch of river that the Gilberts will have left for the substance of the pe(Jple in the way of ville pool would cover, and provided with locks 110 by 600 soil is the knobs, out of which you cannot make a living. feet, would cost $10,865,000, or approximately $11,000,000. They will have destroyed 'the good land to the extent of a 3. VALUE FOR POWER DEVELOPMENT million acres. · · The value of Gilbertsville Dam for power development can The· SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the gentleman be determined approximately by comparing it with the value • from Michigan has expired. · of privately owned hydroelectric plants located in the same Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I ask general territory and by comparing it with the cost of an unanimous consent to extend my remarks in the RECORD. equivalent modern steam plant. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection? According to Mr. Carl A. Bock, assistant chief engineer, There was no objection. T.V. A., in an article entitled "Navigation and Flood Control Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I rise to at Gilbertsville,'' in the Engineering News Record of April thank the distinguished chairman of the committee, Judge 7. 1938, Gilbertsville Dam is to have an ultimate installation MANSFIELD, and the ranking minority Member; the· gentle of 192,000 kilowatts of generating capacity. It will develop man from New Jersey [Mr. SEGER] and the other members 70,000 to 80,000 kilowatts of prime power and 40,000 to of the committee for including a preliminary survey and 100,000 kilowatts of secondary power available 80 percent of investigation of navigation, flood control, power, and pollu the time. As measured by the reported capital cost of pri tion of the Merrimack River in Massachusetts and New vately owned hydroelectric plants located in the same general Hampshire. I am extremely grateful to the chairman of the territory east of the Mississippi River and built under license committee. I do not believe there is any Member of the from the Federal Power Commission, the value of this pro House who is more beloved than he, or who is more ~ppreci posed ultimate power installation at Gilbertsville Dam would ated for his courtesy and intelligence and patience with be less than $25,000,000. those of U3 who want things, and for his interest in the Had the Army engineers' report and recommendation been great work in developing rivers and harbors. adopted, as in the case of the river and harbor bill now I have always hoped that the Merrimack River would be before the House, we would have had a plan that would have made navigable. I live in the great industrial city of Lowell, cost only $77,000,000, a plan of low dams instead of high dams. which is on its banks. The Merrimack River is really the The Tennessee Valley Authority has already expended heart of Massachusetts and New Hampshire and should have nearly $200,000,000, and with the Gilbertsville Dam added we been made navigable years ago. I remind the House also are given to understand that the total cost to this country that, unfortunately and tragically, the Connecticut River and will reach nearly $600,000,000. the Merrimack River are the only two rivers upon which no 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5875 real flood-control work has been done since the great floods make us.e of,tbe present deep. channel, the principal one being of 1936, owing to the fact that the present administration the Standard Oil Co. of Louisiana, which operates a very large has been unwilling to allow work to be done for flood control oil refinery. unless power control be taken over by the Federal Govern The widening of the channel between New Orleans and ment. In the closing hours of last year's session I tried to Baton Rouge from 300 to 500 feet would assure an adequate secure the passage of legislation which would allow flood channel at all seasons for deep-draft vessels to properly serve control work to start, but was not allowed to do so. Money the fast-increasing commerce. has already been appropriated for this purpose, but could not · . The port of New Orleans is one of the major ports of the be used because of the lack of approval of the compacts by United States, and one of the oldest. It serves the vast inland the Federal Government. I regret this especially because .area extending throughout the Mississippi, Missouri, and there is practically no potential power at Franklin Falls and Ohio River Basins. at Blackwater, in New. Hampshire, which would be the The governing authority of the port is the Board of Com reservoirs for flood control of the Merrimack River. I am, missioners of the Port of New Orleans, an agency of the State , therefore, extremely grateful to this committee for helping of Louisiana. Their jurisdiction includes the entire area of .us in 'the Merrimack Valley to get what we greatly need, and the parish of Orleans and parts of the parishes of Jefferson I am asking not only the Committee on Rivers and Harbors and St. Bernard, having a water frontage on the Mississippi but the Members of the House to help me further in securing River, east and west bank, of 41 miles. _ _ flood control and navigation of our great river. Work has To the volume of traffic passing through the port is to be been done locally at Lowell for small amounts of flood control added the movement within the harbor of steamboats, tugs, that will take care of only small rises of water. All engineers barges, passenger ferries, and railroad transfers amounting to agree that real relief from floods must come from reservoirs over 300,000 movements or crossings yearly. ·to be constructed in the upper Merrimack. Obviously there .The present channel of 35 . feet deep and 300 feet wide in has been great discrimination against New England in flood the New Orleans Harbor is located practically in the middle relief. In the great flood of 1936 there were over 5,000 home of the river whicp has a width of 2,500 feet between the less in Lowell, and the property damage exceeded $5,000,000. designated harbor . lines. This - necessitates dredging at I was there at the time and I .shall never forget the splendid port expense, several hundred feet out from the wharf line· -courage of the Lowell refugees.and the tireless efforts of those into .the river .to reach navigable. water, ·and vesselS are still working to prevent further damage by the flood and to outside of the channel project and navigating at their risk. relieve the suffering. of the -victims. I have never been Heretofore, nature alone has been depended .upon for the prouder of my. home city. [Applause.] • maintenance of a channel between New Orleans and the Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 minutes to the ·Head of Passes, and the existing channel has been generally gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. DERoUEN]. satisfactory,_but in heav.y silt-bearing streams like the Missis Mr. DEROUEN. Mr. . Speaker, as a member of the Com sippi River frequent changes,occur and we deem it advisable mittee on Rivers and Harbors I am glad to report that we that a controlled channel project be adopted. are presenting to the House a very small bill carrYing not The report of the Chief of Engineers on this project recom- a great number of projects, but very meritorious ones. Most mends: - of them are for improving our great harbors. We find it necessary to use very large ships, and it is my hope that as we First. A· channel 35 feet deep with a width of 500 feet be proceed along we shall develop all of the great coast ports on tween New Orleans and the port of Baton Rouge. ·the Pacific, on the Atlantic, and the Gulf. I have served on Second. A channel of 35 feet til depth with a width of 1,500 the Committee on Rivers and Harbors during the ·last . .10 feet, beginning 100 feet out from the wharves, within the years, and I am glad to say that because of the great efficiency harbor limits of the port of New Orleans. of the chairman we have adopted a policy, both majority and Mr. Sp_eaker, I appreciate the remarks made by Mr. MANs minority members, that we will not attempt to bring in any FIELD, the able_chairman of our committee, and the splendid project unless it has 100 percent approval, by the Secretary remarks of Mr. CULKIN, a member of ·our committee. My of War and the Board of Army Engineers. -attitude has always been to improve all our waterways and Mr. Speaker, this bill carries_many meritorious projects for .an our rivers and harbors, for after all they belong to all the the State of Louisiana, which I represent on the Rivers and people of the United States. Harbors Committee of the House. May I point out the im In referring to improvements of our rivers and harbors, Mr. provement _on the Mi~issippi River from New Orleans to Speaker, let me say in support of that statement that the .Baton Rouge, La. New.Orleans, Mr. Speaker, is the "Wall Nation's newest port, the port of Lake. Charles, La., .was built Street" o.f the Sp.uth. It is the largest and most progressive in 1927 entirely at the expense of local interests at a cost of city in the South. _ . _ . over $6.,000,000 and turned over free to the United States. We-and I speak for the entire population of Louisiana-: 'I·his shows the confidence we in Louisiana have in improve are fortunate at this time to have a young Governor, Richard ments of our rivers and harbors throughout the United States. . W. Leche, whose devotion to tne general welfare of. our State · In conclusion, let me reiterate it is my finn conviction that .is unsurp~sed, and_we are equally fortun~te, Mr. Speaker, to ·the committee's policy in considering projects has eliminated have a great mayor, Roberts. Maestri, who is also contribut the headlines we used to see in the papers, "Pork barrel!" ing much toward building a greater city of New. Orleans. .when such bills were calledup. Today, when the Rivers and The State of Louisiana is vitally interested in the mainte- -Harbors Committee brings in a bill it has the unanimous a:P nance of an adequate chann~l in the Mississippi River from ·proval of both .sides. I attribute this, Mr. Speaker,-to the . the Head of }:lasses to Batori Rouge, a distance of 227 miles, so splendid efficiency of the chairman of that committee. [AP as to assure at all times fr_ee ap.d uninterrupted navigation for plause.] deep-draft ShiPs sez:ving the important ports of New Orleans Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I move the previous ques and Baton .Roug_e. . _ _ tion on the bill and. all amendments to final passage. Th.e River and Harbor Act of January 21, 1937, authorized , The previous question was ordered. · a channel of 35 feet in depth at low water and 300 feet in The bill was ordered to be engrossed anq read a third time, width between New Orleans and Baton Rouge, · a distance of was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to recon 132 miles. This channel affords deep-draft shipping facili sider was laid on the table. ties ·to the Texas Oil co:, General Ainerican Tank Storage Terminals, Sinclair Refining Co., Standard Oil Co. of Loui EXTENSION OF REMARKS siana, Shell Petroleum co., Hanlon-Buchanan Co., Pan Amer Mr. FULMER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimotis consent to ican Petroleum Co., and the Cities Service Export Terminal, .extend my remarks in the RECORD and to include therein an located between Baton Rouge and New Orleans. Also located addr.ess made by General Farley in Columbia, S.C., my dis- at Baton Rouge are several large i~dustrial companies which trict, last week. · 5876 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 27 The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the well have indulged in pleasant conventionalties and the request of the gentleman from south Carolina? temptation to do so would be strong in the average man in There was no objection. his situation. But the President is not an average man, The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the preVious order of and he ·spoke from a deep sense of his supreme responsibility the House, the gentleman from Colorado [Mr. MARTIN] 1s and his knowledge that these conditions must be met. He recognized for 30 minutes. recognizes that merely ignoring the problem will not solve WAGE-HOUR LEGISLATION it; will, in fact, only make it worse. Mr. MARTIN of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, the present situ No wage-hour law is the solution of this great· problem, but ation recalls an amusing incident I witnessed in the House it is a practical approach in its field to the solution of the one evening a· long, long time ago when our late beloved col greatest problem confronting the people of this country, that league, Speaker Henry T. Rainey, was scheduled for an 8 of large-scale permanent unemployment in industry, due o'clock speech in the evening. That was back in the old days mainly to labor-saving machinery. I cannot undertake in when the House had chairs and desks, such as they have in this brief -time 1 to cover the whole field of this legislation the Senate, and when the House was a fit place for a man to or even mention many important details of it. At most, I can only mention some of the major aspects of the legisla inhabit. Mr. Rainey looked around the Chamber and said: tion which has already been presented to Congress, and give Mr. Speaker, I never before appreciated what a vast quantity of you the benefit of my views of the legislation, based upon furniture this Chamber contains. personal experience and a lifetime of contact With and ob I would recall that situation at the present moment. servation of the field of labor. Mr. CULKIN. Mr; Speaker, will the gentleman yield? I shall take as the basis of my remarks the wage-hour bill Mr. MARTIN of Colorado. I have only half an hour and as it passed the Senate, following which I shall analyze and a lot of things I want to say. comment on the wage-hour formula in the bill reported out Mr. CULKIN. I just wanted to ask the gentleman if he QY the House Labor Committee. does not attempt to qualify the high character of the present After considerable study and analysis of the Senate bill, attendance. . I was impressed with its flexible standard for determining Mr. MARTIN of Colorado. Not at all. Whit it lacks in schedules of wages and hours. I was impressed with its quantity it makes up in quality. fiexible formula permitting adaptation to the varying condi Mr. Speaker, the Seventy-fifth Congress should not ad tions existing in a great diversified country such as ours. Journ without passing a wage-hour bill. Not some wage I was _impressed with the provision for an administrative hour bill, not any wage-hour bill, but an honest wage-hour board to execute the powers involving tens of thousands of bill. The Democratic Party cannot escape this responsi industries and millions of workers and giving the adminis bility. It cannot hide behind any s~ction or group. It can tration of the law the benefit of consulting judgmenU:i. not pass the buck to the minority party. The Democratic These are the three main features of the bill worked out and Party, not any section or group, will be held responsible. It agreed upon by Members of the Senate who have been out has the most overwhelming majority in both Houses in the standing in the field of social and humanitarian legislation. history of the country. It is not a mere matter of carrying That field is the one in which this legislation belongs. out a platform pledge, although that is a weighty considera This measure, while operating in the field of labor, is social tion. It is a matter of dealing constructively with a serious welfare rather than labor legislation, meaning labor in its situation of the first magnitude thrust upon Congress and organized capacity. It _properly belongs in the field of social upon the country by industrial conditions which will not security. In the Social Security Act old-age pensions are pro solve themselves. vided, not solely on account of the great number of workers At the outset it is important to recall that this condition who become superannuated through old age, but superan is of fairly recent ·origin. It is a comparatively. new phe nuated through the machine. They are able to work but nomenon in the industrial world. I recall many years ago, they are not needed. The Social SecUrity Act also seeks to when the possibilities of the machine as a substitute for labor provide, through unemployment insurance, for those who are first took strong hold of the imagination, the roseate specu temporarily unemployed. lation about the day to come when all labor would be per This b1ll reaches into the field of large-scale, permanent formed by machinery. unemployment, the maJor problem confronting the people It seemed a utopian time to look forward to, when life of this country. It seeks by reducing hours to increase jobs would be. a perpetual holiday with a white shirt on. It for the able-bodied unemployed who are not old enough for seemed that one would be fortunate to live in that day, when pensions, and for whom there is no unemployment insur a man no longer ate bread in the sweat of his brow, but ance and no relief except at the expense of the taxpayers. his bread would be made for him and handed over to him This legislation is therefore in the category of social welfare by a machine. There was one factor overlooked, the factor and social security. as to what would be done with the workers when the machine This legislation 1s distinctly .not for the direct benefit of did all the work. We are facing that question now. Wage organized labor. Organized labor will directly benefit from hour legisJation is an attempted partial answer to that ques this bill very little. Indirectly all labor is benefited when the tion, nothing ~ore, It will by no means be the last. lot of any labor is improved. There are not less than 40,000,- I reiterate what l have many times said, that the load of 000 wage earners in this country. The figure is placed even soci~ty must be spread out over the machine, that the ma. higher. Of these not more than 8,000,000 are organized. chin_e must be ~ade to carry the load, or the whole thing This means· that not more than 20 percent of the wage earn will br~k down. The country cannot carry on indefinitely ers in the United States are organized. This vast unorgan with millions of unemployed living off the earnings of those ized mass is always a menace to the organized. To the extent who are employed. The character and quality of the future that this legislation betters the condition of the unorganized, citizenship of the country is bound up in the solution of it will lessen the menace to the organized. It is estimated this problem. Even if . this condition could be sustained, by the United states News tluit it will affect six to seven it would reduce the unemployed, not merely to a substand- million workers, thus still leaving a majority of all the work- ard condition of living, but to a substandard condition of ers outside the help of either organization or law. manhood and citizenship. It would destroy their morale and I apprehend there are very few organized fields of labor make them a menace to society as a whole. working for so much less than 40 cents an hour, or so much I applaud the courage of · the President, which is ch~r more than 40 hours a week, that legislation reducing thetr acteristie · of him, on the occasion of his recent visit to hours of labor or raising their wages to these standards Georgia, in stressing the great need of lifting up the work would be worth the effort of national legislation. On top of ing and living conditions of the great underprivileged ~ass this organized labor is asking that this legislation do not of American workers. It was an occasion on which he might impair or supplant in_any way the rights and benefits of col- 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5877 lective bargaining, or Invade that field, and the bill very that between the Potomac River and the Hudson River some properly makes provision for the safeguarding of collective 35,000 women are working for an average wage of less than bargaining. $8 a -week in garment factories. I want to give the attitude of organized labor toward this Mr; MARTIN of Colorado. They cannot live, either type of legislation an approval born of a life of contact with decently or honestly, on any such wage as that. labor, and of personal experience with the organization of Mr. Speaker, under the wage formula it may be less than labor and collective bargaining. I have always believed in 40 cents per· hour. In fixing the rate the administrator collective bargaining-for labor, as against a bill of particulars "shall" consider-mark this---shall consider the cost of liv written into a statute. Collective bargaining is economic ing, transportation costs, local economic conditions, the democracy in action. Organized collective bargaining teaches customary wages, collective-bargaining wages, voluntary the worker self-government. It teaches him to handle his minimum-wage standards, differing manufacturing costs in own business. It is of just as much advantage to the worker different localities. Opposition to the bill on the ground that to handle the business of his labor as it is for the employer it would work hardship and loss in one section of the country to handle the business of his industry. Labor is the capital as · compared with another is not based on lack of flexibility of the worker. in the formula but on the supposition that the administrator Organized labor is getting little and is asking little out of will not do what the law says he "shall" do. This objection trJs legislation. It is asking, and every fair-minded citizen would apply to all laws vesting discretion in any adminis- should give a favorable answer, that the unorganized and trative official. · voiceless millions be protected within reasonable standards I have recently studied a most informative article on the and limitations to the extent that they will get an existence British Trade Boards Act of 1918, inserted in the CoNGRES wage, and that is all this bill proposes, with hours that will SIONAL REcoRD by the able gentleman from Georgia [Mr. make room for more of them on the job. RAMSPECK], . to be found in the RECORD of April 18, 1938, at The most that this legislation can do for the unorganized page 5495. The British Government has been a pioneer in is to give them $16 for a 40-hour week. That is the top. this and other forms of social security. The statement has If the administrative agency raises their pay to the maximum been worn threadbare that England is a generation ahead of and cuts their hours to the minimum, it will mean $16 for a the United States in the field of human welfare, which has 40-hour week. I ·say that no American father and mother been entered under this administration for the first time. can properly feed, clothe, and educate a family of American The British Trade Boards Act, among other things, carries children on such a wage, at least in the cities. If I wanted to substantially the same differentials for determining hours indict our economic system·, I would not put in a preamble of and wages that are set out in the Senate bill. Regarding the whereases and a long bill of particulars. I would just- say English formula in the Trade Boards Act, under which rep that $16 a week is the maximum amount set by law for the resentative boards are set up in each industry, the article needs of an American family. reads: But this bill does not set even that standard. The wage As a basis for the bargaining process which goes on in the shall be not more than 40 cents an hour and the hours shall board meeting, and at separate meetings. of each side With the be not less than 40 hours a week. When I first read this for board, a certain amount of statistical and factual material is pre:. sented by each side bearing upon the cost of living, costs of pro mula it looked to me like an inverted structure, as though the duction, the state of trade, wages paid in this or allied industries, ceiling had been placed where the floor ought to be and the the value of the work, etc., as the case demands. floor where the ceiling ought to be. In other words, that the It- minimum wage should be not less than 40 cents an hour and is frequently argued that the British Isles are too small the maximum week not more than 40 hours. an area to afford a criterion for this country, with its much But the more I have reflected over this formula the more vaster area and diversity of resources and conditions. Such I have become convinced of its wisdom. Cheap labor em an argument, whatever its validity, would not work in this ca.se. If the small and compact population and area of Great ployers fear that the administrative agency will very largely Britain finds differences between industries, and in indus render 40-40 decisions. I hope their fears are well founded, tries which demand differentials, such a formula would apply that the administration of this law will be sympathetic toward with greater force to the vastly greater scale of the United that end. It will mark a great advance. There are millions States. working much more than 40 hours for much less than 40 cents. I have called attention to the fact that the pending legis On the other hand, many thousands of small industries and lation is primarily for the benefit of the unorganized who small employers will be affected by this legislation. I go are not able to avail themselves of collective bargaining, that along with the view that these industries and employers organized labor is exempted from any restrictions or impli should be given some certainties as to how far and how much cations of the legislation which, if applied to organized labor, they may be affected, and some leeway for moderating the might limit its opportunity to~ secure better wages and work terms where the situation justifies it. If an industry is work ing conditions than the legislation provides. ing its employees 48 hours a week for 30 cents an hour, it can The British Trade Boards Act goes further than this In take its pencil and pad and very quickly ascertain that it may behalf of organized collective bargaining, by excluding from have to sustain a weekly .reduction of 8 hours and a wage the law not only industries which are organized and- collec increase of $1.60, no ·more. ttvely bargain, but also industries -the status of the workers Mr. VOORms. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? in which is so improved by the operation of the Trade Boards Mr. MARTIN of Colorado. I yield for a question. ·Act that they become excluded. When an industry becomes Mr. VOORms. · Does not the gentleman believe that one organized and collective bargaining is established, the in reason we have had such a hard time to get a wage-hour bill dustry passes out from under the British Trade Boards Act. passed is because it affects and would be of benefit to a group The writer of the article in question sums up the attitude of people who are in the main inarticulate, who are in the of the British Government toward British employers and poorest position to speak for themselves of any group . in workers under the Trade Boards Act in a worth-while para America? ' graph: · Mr. MARTIN of Colorado. Precisely. If these unorgan If you get busy and organize on both sides so that you can arrive at reasonable joint-wage agreements the Government wm not ized millions could come down to the Capitol and tum on the interfere. But, so long as organization is not strong enough to pre heat like these organized groups do, this bill would have been vent payment of oppressively low wages the Government is bound passed long ago. to set up machinery for the protection of underpaid workers jn Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? fairness to employers who pay reasonable wages, to workers who do Mr. MARTIN of Colorado. I yield. a fair day's work, and in the interests of the Nation as a whole. Mr. RANDOLPH. I just wanted to follow up what the gen That is indeed a fine, comprehensive statement of the true tleman trom California. stated by saying that it 1s estimated objective of wage-hour legislation, and it fits the Senate bilL 5878 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 27 It was charged during the eonsidera.tion of the bill in the The duties involved are partly judicial and partly legis :first session <>f this Congress that it was being pressed by lative, as well as partly administrative. This combination northern industrial sections to deprive the South of the of powers is usually vested in a board rather than in a single cheap-labor advantage it now enjoys, but a reference to the individual. If there is wisdom in counsel, the better of the roll call on the motion to recommit the bill, which meant to argument lies with the board. I believe the thousands of kill the bill, will show that many Members from the northern employers and industries which Will be affected by this law sections voted to recommit. Obviously the objection was to would be better satisfied with a board. Nearly all such a wage-hour law regardless of sectional considerations. JX)wers in both the Federal and State Governments are ex Much attention has been directed to the alleged injustice ercised by boards and commissions, rather than single to the South of requiring the southern employer to pay the individuals. same wage as his northern competitors, which it is claimed It strikes me as a bit peculiar, when Congress has recently is intended to stop the movement of industry to the cheap set up a board to administer so simple a proposition as labor South, but little attention has been paid to the greater railroad pensions, and a board to administer social security, injustice in a uniform national wage--of requiring a worker that it is now proposed to vest such vast power in a single in New York City to work for the same wage as would be administrator. I doubt whether a single administrator can paid a worker in the same occupation in the deep South. give to a measure which will affect tens of thousands of Living costs are probably 50 percent greater, in places per employers and industries and millions of workers the col haps a hundred percent, in the one case than in the other. lective wisdom and judgment of a specially selected board, Such differences indicate the difficulties of a uniform national representative of geographical sections, of employers, work wage scale. The Government itself recognizes these differ ers, and the public. So, for these reasons, my judgment ences and establishes varying work-relief wage scales rests with the board. throughout the country. The Government work-relief wage The remaining major controversial feature is a uniform, scale varies more than 100 percent, based on differing living in:fiexible, national wage scale in the House-bill, under which conditions in different sections of the country. The city of the same ·wage will be paid everywhere, regardless of the New York and a village in Mississippi are very different. existence of the differences recognized in the Senate bill as There is no uniform national wage scale in any industry any standards whereby to adjust wages to conditions. where in this country, and the fact that there is not is an It is claimed that setting a fixed, uniform scale, applica answer to the proposal to set one up everywhere. ble to industries everywhere, and without a hearing, raises There is also a formula under which a maximum work the question of constitutionality. Regardless of the ques week above 40 hours may be fixed, including consideration tion of constitutionality, there is the practical question of of workweeks established by collective bargaining and work workability and fairness. If the Government feels that a weeks voluntarily fixed by employers, in the occupation. uniform scale should be established, then it should set its The exemptions in the bill are liberal. It is limited to own house in order. It should not pay one man in New activities directly affecting interstate commerce, as that York $60 a month and pay another man in Mississippi $2t term is defined in recent labor decisions of the Supreme a month for the same work. [Applause.] Court. Farming in all its branches is exempt from the Mr. MARTIN of Colorado. Is that applause coming from act. Local retail business is exempt. Some .opponents of ·over there on the left? the bill, when it was up in the House, complained that it left Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Yes; we agree with what the nearly everybody out, yet they voted against it. Some people gentleman says; it should be straightened out. are very hard t<> suit. Mr. MARTIN of Colorado. Whether that difference is Now let me turn brie:fiy to the bill recently reported out by justified or not, my point is that the Government is recog the House Committee on Labor, and which it proposes as a nizing actual differences in fixing such wide-apart wage substitute for the Senate bill. Its mechanics are very simple. scales. Indeed it may be too simple. The Secretary of Labor will Mr. Speaker, I know there are special fields of Govern decide, after notice and hearing, whether a given industry ment employment in which there 1s a uniform scale of pay, is sufficiently identified with interstate commerce to justify but the Government has not found it practical in its capacity its classification as coming under the wage-hour law; and, if as a general employer of labor. so, the Secretary shall issue an order so classifying it. I have already pointed out the :fiexibility of the British From there on the law is automatic. It might be a worth .system. I have always understood that labor looks with while experiment if we could try out an automatic law where doubt on legislative minimum wages as being subject to the all you had to do was to press a button to get your wage tendency to pull all wages down to the minimum. On that scale. If it worked we could pass other automatic raws and ground Woodrow Wilson, in his first campaign for Presi get rid of a lot of the headaches that harass us. dent, opposed a minimum wage in the law. The industry so classified as in interstate commerce shall I have that record at home on the Victrola. I play it pay a wage not less than 25 cents an hour the .first year, once in a while just to hear the voice of Woodrow Wilson. and an increase of' 5 cents an hour each succeeding year On the whole, both precedent and all the factors in the until it reaches a ceiling of 40 cents an hour. This would situation being dealt with indicate the desirability of a flex be reached in the fourth year. ible standard of wage-hour legislation administered by a The law also iixes an hour-week not exceeding 44 hours representative board. the first year, with a reduction of 2 hours each succeeding [Here the gavel fell.] year until it reaches a :fioor of 40 hours per week. This Mr. MARTIN of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous would be reached in the third year. consent to proceed for 3 additional minutes. A court review of these orders of the Secretary of Labor The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the is provided, just as in the Senate bill such review is pro request of the gentleman from Colorado? vided for orders of the wage-hour board. Violations of There was no objection. orders of the Secretary of Labor are punishable by fine or Mr. MARTIN of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, I am thoroughly imprisonment or both in the Federal coJ,lrts. These courts impressed with the need of making this legislation as mod may also issue injunctions to restrain violations. . Compar erate and workable and as free from major controversies as able enforcement provisions azfd procedure are to be found possible. I realize that in some past legislation we have in both the Senate and House bills. taken in too much territory, and it has inclined me to the TWO MAJOR 'CONTROVERSIAL DIFFERENCES view that it would be better to nail down some fundamental There are, in my opinion, two major controversial differ propositions, to lay a good foundation, and then to build on ences between the two bills. The first is a board of five it as experience may indicate rather than to seek to provide members in the Senate bill versus a single administrator in against all possible contingencies, only to have the whole the House bill. structure fall because it took in too much territory. 1938 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5879 I still have in mind that General Johnson put the "sick ing three fiscal yeat:s more than a billion dollars to support chicken" under theN. R. A. and destroyed a law which, if the spending policy of this administration. it had remained on the statute books, might have dispensed Mr. Speaker, I assert without fear of successful contradic with the necessity of any such bill as this. [Applause.] tion that it is unfair to the wage earners of this country to Mr. Speaker, I believe we have in this legislation far more force them to sacrifice more than a billion dollars for another than a foundation, that we have a superstructure well worth futile pump-priming program, the greater portion of which the building, a law that will mean better lives for millions. sum will be spent for W. P. A. and other political projects. I take no more stock in the criticism that this legislation is I fail to see how skilled labor can consistently support such of little worth than I do in the claims that it is unduly bur-· a plan, even if willing that their money should be spent for densome and confiscatory. It is neither. Let us enact · it other than old-age benefits. It would be far better, it seems :tnd see where the squeaks and the leaks are. to me, for American labor to have the $1,200,000,000 .to spend For these reasons I prefer the Senate bill. It passed the as individual necessity might suggest, than to permit the ad... Senate by a roll-call vote of 56 to 28-just 2 to 1. It origi ministration to squander this amount of hard-earned wages nally had the endorsement of the American Federation o~ upon W. P. A. projects of questionable value. Labor. It still has the endorsement of the Committee for I hope that the American workingmen will discover before Industrial Organization. It was favorably reported by the it is too late that the Social Security Act should be amended House Committee on Labor. It is the only wage-hour bill to prevent the further use of the old-age trust fund for any on which hearings have been held. It is claimed that it is thing except to pay the benefits provided for in the law. the least objectionable sectionally of the two plans proposed. Failure to insist upon such amendments to the law will ulti· I prefer it to the House bill, but I prefer the House bill to mately bring ·disappointment and suffering to those who now none. [Applause.] hope for security in the sunset of life. I repeat that American [Here the gavel fell.] labor should insist that the law be so amended as to stop the PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE spending of these trust funds. The paper reserve set up by Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent. the operation of the printing press is in reality a form of to address the House for 10 minutes following disposition of legalized embezzlement; Furthermore, instead of putting the other special orders of the day. men to work or creating individual purchasing power, it is The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the re destroying the purchasing power of the men who labor, and quest of the gentleman from New York? it also is retarding business recovery. I believe that the There was no objection. workingmen owe it to themselves and to the members of The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a previous special their families to insist that this injustice to them be stopped order, the gentleman from New York [Mr. REED] is recog and their rights protected. nized for 10 minutes. Mr. Speaker, President Roosevelt now asks the Congress Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speaker, President Roose for an additional $4,000,000,000 with which to again prime velt demands as part of his recovery plan that the purchas the political pump. This is the remedy he suggests as a cure ing power of the workingmen be increased. This is a laud for his own depression. I fully realize that the expenditure able proposal and one that naturally makes a powerful ap of billions of dollars by the Government will stimulate indus peal not only to those who are now employed but also to trial activity while the money lasts, and it is politically self· the 13,400,000 men who at present are unemployed. I call evident .that if the spending is correctly timed it will serve attention, however, to the fact that to the end of the fiscal the purpose of the approaching campaign; but the ultimate year 1939 the administration, under the Social Security Act, price the public will have to pay for such a political program will have taken from the American labor in pay-roll taxes will be higher taxes and another depression. The $4,000,000,• $1,200,000,000. This is the amount of private purchasing 000 which the President now demands will have to be ob· power which will be confiscated by the New Deal. This vast tained by borrowing and by taxation. I believe it most un sum represents the tax that the men who toil will be com just to American laboring men· and women to force them to pelled to pay into the United States Treasury. Thus, contribute $11 out of every $12 collected from their wages to $1,200,000,000 will be taken from the wage earner's pay en help finance the New Deal spending, pump-priming plan. Is velopes and this amount will be turned into the general reve it not time for those who will be required to sacrifice $1,200,- nue of the Government to be spent by the administration 'as 000,000 in pay-roll taxes to give serious thought as to the it sees fit. · purpose for which it is being used? The highest degree of I want the working men and women of America who are good faith is required of an individual trustee; why should forced to pay this $1,2'00,000,000 to know the truth and the not the Government be held to the same or even greater whole truth about the use of the pay-roll taxes collected accountability? There can be no recovery until confidence under the so-called Social Security Act. The money col in the Government is restored, and this cannot be done until lected is not put into a special fund; if is not earmarked, the administration in power meets and discharges its obliga but, instead, it is being spent, wasted, and much of it frit tions as a trustee with absolute fidelity. tered away. The longer the wage earners ignore the facts Mr. Speaker, may I conclude by saying that the request is the more their future security will be imperiled, if not wan based, not upon public need, but purely for political effect? · tonly and totally destroyed. I again invite attention to the I want to call attention to the fact that right now there is indisputable fact that to the end of the fiscal year 1939 the over $3,000,000,000 of money which we have previously appro administration, under the Social Security Act, will have priated that has been available and is now available for taken from employed men and women in pay-roll taxes recovery and relief which the President now so strenuously $1,200,000,000. urges. Out of this stupendous sum collected there will be paid out I think it is high time that the laboring men and women during the fiscal years 1937, 1938, and 1939 the total sum of of this country and the public generally realize the hypocrisy only $100,000,000. Thus, from every $12 collected in pay-roll of this. appeal the President is now making to the country. taxes from the men and women who labor, the New Deal [Applause.] will spend $11 of it to promote whatever project seems most likely to win political favor. To be more specific, the Gov EXTENSION OF REMARKS ernment will pay in benefits $1 out of every $12 collected. Mr. HOUSTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent If a private person were to attempt to divert trust funds to extend my own remarks in the RECORD and to include from the purpose for which they were intended, the law therein a list of projects tentatively approved by the Federal would be invoked to prevent it or to compel an accounting. Emergency Administration in the State of Kansas. The Social Security Act, however, was so cleverly drawn that The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of th~ the workingmen failed to discover the provision by which gentleman from Kansas? they would be compelled to contribute from their wages dur- There was no objection. 5880 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 27 Mr. BIERMANN. Mr. Speaker, I make the same req-u~t of the constituents, and when they express a thought which With regard to Iowa projects. indicates·the writers know something about the subject, these The ·SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the letters are entitled to full consideration. request of the gentleman from Iowa? On the other hand, propaganda letters, indicating they are There was no objection. sent en bloc as a result of a program that is laid down for the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a previous special writers by somebody else, have almost no influence on Mem order, the gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER] is recog bers of Congress because Members of Congress are at least nized for 10 minutes. intelligent enough to recognize propaganda when they see it. Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? insert in the RECORD the postscript appearing on the end of Mr. TABER. I yield to the gentleman from Michigan. one of these propaganda letters which I have received, as Mr. MICHENER. Was the gentleman in the Chamber this well as a copy of two others which I have received in favor morning when I inserted in the RECORD a statement 'on a, of the so-called relief bill. handbill circulated by the Communist Party, of 35 East The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Twelfth Street, New York City, in reference to this matter? gentleman from New York? Mr. TABER. No; I did not hear it. There was no objection. Mr. MICHENER. In this-handbill which I inserted in the Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, the majority leader on Mon RECORD appears ·this statement: - day placed in the RECORD an anonymous letter purported to Write the President telling him you are behind him in this fight. have been received by the President, together with a pro Write your Congressman and your Senators. posed petition that was reported to have been sent out _in In connection with that I may say that since inserting this different parts of the country. This was an anonymous let statement in the RECORD I have seen at least 100 postcards ter, and we have a right to assume, in view of the whole sent from that section to Members of Congress, All of them situation, that the letter and petition which were placed in are written alike and signed by individuals, without any the RECORD were planted by those who are pulling off propa address being given. ganda in favor of the pending bill. ~ere is no evideriee, in Mr. TABER. That is to be expected in this kind of a the mail received by the Members of Congress that they are program. being :flooded by propaganda against this pending bill. As a · The trouble with this situation is that the President and the matter of fact, the propaganda that I am getting is largely majority leader are evidently determined that they have not for the bill, and a good deal of it is in· enyelopes ~f the same type and siie and evidently addressed with the same type a good claim to ask for th~ passage of this bill on its merits, writer and mailed-in blocks. . so they are trying to prevent the people who are honestly opposed to this terrible spending program from writiilg letters I received on Sunday upward of · 70 letters. Almost ever.~ one of thezn was in· the same type of envelope and mailed because of fear of exposure on the part of the President. at the same time. They were dated from April 5 to April 20, People· who cannot justify their own acts are always trying and the outside of the envelopes were poStmarked April 22. to instill fear in others and so we come down to this situation. Some of those who have been loaded with this pro:Pa,ganda The only hope that the President has for the program is to did not understand all the elements of sending out propa instill fear in the Members of Congress and in the people. ganda letters, because they copied the fustructions that had The President's government has been a government by fear been given them. I am· going to read· those instruction. and intimidation against Member of Congress and the people. It has not been a government which could stand on its own _ P. s.-Please make· four collies and se~~ to the above gents. two feet and present a legitimate argument for its own pro Mr. BEITER. Will the gentleman yield? gram, and so it comes today to the House of Representatives · Mr. TABER. Not at this-time. asking for a tremendous spending program, backed by propa Mr. BEITER. I was wondering whether the gentleman ganda inspired by the administration and without merit in is as exact about these words as he was with reference to itself. the C. C. C. and men loading the 11 trucks. Mr. O'TOOLE. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. TABER. That was correct and the gentleman knows Mr. TABER. I decline to yield, Mr. Speaker. it. The gentleman is very proud of the ability of some of [Here the gavel fell.] these governmental employees to loaf. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. BEITER. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. TABER. No. Mrs. HONEYMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Mr. Speaker, this indicates that th-ese employees and bene to extend my remarks in the RECORD and include therein· a list of Public Works Administration projects in the State of ficiaries of the · W. P. A. have been instructed by their Oregon. · superiors to Wlite letters and have been given the form thereof, because a great many of the same phrases appear The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the all the way through this mass of letters. request of the gentlewoman from Oregon? . : I might add that -in aQ.dition to the block that caxne in There was no objection. on Sunday, practically all alike, I received anotner big batch UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES this morning. I suppose I will get more just like it. The SPEAKER pro tempore. ·Under a previous order of . Here is the way one of these letters reads: the House the gentleman from New York [Mr-. ·DICKSTEIN] We understand that the W. P. A. adult educational project is is recognized for 10 minutes. to be discontinued. It would be appreciated if you could use your Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, in the last year ·millions influence in preventing this condition in order that the young people in Auburn may continue to learn a vocation, while they of dollars have been taken out of this country to Germany are unemployed or doing part-ttine work. · by the German Government on the theory that such money was the property of certain German citizens who have died Here is another quotation: and left no heirs at law. The secret Nazi police have been The W. P. A. adult education program in this vicinity has making a survey of all German people living in this country inspired a good many adults to increase their knowledge in their leisure time and a goOd many rn()re are very anxious to be fitted who have money -in the banks and have no relatives, for the for whatever vocation they are aiming for. purpose of advising the German· Government to claim that This w. P. A. adult education program has injected into men money at the proper time. and women intellectual abillty which has resulted 1n a better idea of what life o1fers and greater satisfaction in the use of Mr. Speaker, I am definitely informed that in the last 2 mind-and body. or 3 years at least $100,000,000 has been taken out of the Will you kindly glve us your aid so as this program will continue country under this subterfuge. Not a word was said about wtt~out any interruption? it. They were doing it under a secret order directly from I am always glad to have letters from my constituents. the German Government. On the other hand, Mr. Speaker, When they are voluntary, when they represent the real ideas there are millions of dollars in Germany today belonging to 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5881 American citizens, but the German Government. absoJutely Mr. BREWSTER. In Germany. refuses to allow this money to be taken out of Germany. Mr. DICKSTEIN. Offhand, I would not think so, but As a matter of fact, Mr. Speaker, I am reliably informed there must be something more behind it than what the that part of the money taken out of this country is being gentleman states, and I would like to see what the Presi used against us for propaganda purposes almost daily, as it dent said and I would like to know what is in his mind. is being distributed by certain German consuls in this coun Mr. O'TOOLE. Mr. Speaker; will the gentleman yield? try for the purpose of carrying on pernicious propaganda Mr. DICKSTEIN. I yield. against democracy. How long this has gone on I do not Mr. O'TOOLE. How would this body have power to in know. I believe we have reached a climax, and I have some vestigate German youth camps in Germany? assurance from the Committee on Rules that a hearing will Mr. DICKSTEIN. I do not think it would, and, perhaps, be had very soon in regard to a · resolution introduced by my the information my colleague got may not be absolutely cor dstinguished colleague the gentleman from Texas [Mr. rect, or there may be some other angle to it. I do not want Dn:sl calling for a thorough investigation of these activities to go into a discussion of the camps in Germany, because I by the Congress. I hope and trust the Membership of the am not much concerned about them. House will support me on this· investigation so we may in Now, coming back to Detroit, I wish some Members from telligently and properly cure all the evils and determine defi that fine State would look at· this illustration of what fs nitely who is behind the FasciSt movement in this country actually going on in that fine city. and the amount of money that is being spent in the United Now, I want to refer a little bit to my colleague from States for that purpose. · Long Island [Mr. BAcoN] and his fine community in Nas Only this morning, Mr. Speaker, I received some definite sau County. I predict, Mr. Speaker, that we are going to · proof of the condition that is existing in Detroit, Mich. have a number of riots in that county because every citizen Here are some pictures published by a Detroit newspaper. in that community is up in arms. When you see 25,000 Looking at them we find that an organization of Nazis has men and women-going crazy, dressed in uniforms and goose definitely established itself in that community, as i~ has done stepping their way for miles at all hours of the night at their in other communities of the United States, and is almost camp in Long Island, disturbing the peace of the community putting the fear of God into the many Americans living in · and defying the police, you must realize that something is that fine State and other States of the Union. We also find going to happen. They seem to have sufficient ammunition that the Youth Movement has been well organized in many in the way of money and transportation; in fact, there States, including Michigan; and that they have many thou seems to be no limit .to it. I say to my good colleague from sands of little tots ranging from 4 to 6 years of age parading Long Island that his people have called upon me, and I call around in the Youth Movement uniform, crying "Hell Hit upon him and the rest of the Congress because we ought ler" and swearing by the Nazi Government. to do something about it. We also find a Youth Movement for young boys ranging Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? from 5 to 12 years of age. These boys are being taught a Mr. DICKSTEIN. I yield. philosophy of hate and intolerance against Americans and Mr. DONDERO. I have examined the picture the gentle loyalty to the German Government. man has displayed, but these pictures seem to have reference Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? to New York and not to Detroit. Mr. DICKSTEIN. I yield to the gentleman from Maine. Mr. DICKSTEIN. Some of them do. · Mr. BREWSTER. Has the gentleman read the report in Mr. DONDERO. I tried to pick them out. the paper this morning that the President has authorized an Mr. DICKSTEIN. No; I have some different pictures for investigation of those youth camps? New York. Mr. DICKSTEIN. I have not read it, but I am pleased the Mr. DONDERO. I am tremendously interested in what the gentleman has called my attention to it. gentleman has to say. About 6 or 8 months ago attention was called to these 31 Mr. DICKSTEIN. I know the gentleman is interested. Nazi camps in this country. At that time there were only Mr. DONDERO. Can the gentleman say that any of these 25, but they have increased by 6 since last July, so that organizations have done anything un-American in Detroit or now we have 31 camps throughout the country in addition in that metropolitan area? to the bunds there are in about 40 States. · Mr. DICKSTEIN. Everything they do is un-American. Mr. BREWSTER. The camps he was proposing to investi Every move they make is intended to destroy democracy. gate are in Germany. Their meetings are in secret. Their membership rolls are Mr. DICKSTEIN. I am not much concerned about the secret.' The only time you see them out in the open is when camps in Germany at the present time. they put on their boots and their shirts and their Sam Brown Mr. BREWSTER. Is the gentleman familiar with those belts and then go right out and raise hell and damn the camps? · · American people and heil for Mr. Hitler. Mr. DICKSTEIN. I have got all I can do to handle the I would be very happy, if the gentleman is interested-and camps in this country without going to Germany. I know that he is-to- give him more information regarding Mr. BREWSTER. Does the gentleman think an investiga- Nazi activities in his and other States. tion of those camps would serve any useful purpose? Mr. DONDERO. I am interested because I have been told Mr. DICKSTEIN. Where? there is·a camp in my own congressional district, but it has Mr. BREWSTER. In Germa.ily. not been made known to me that anything has been done of Mr. DICKSTEIN.- I do not know what the statement of an offensive nature outside of their holding their picnics and the President was and unless I am in a position to know meetings. what he intended I would not want to make any comment · Mr. DICKSTEIN. Grant everything that they claim, yet on it. So far as I am concerned, they can do whatever they the mere fact that they go out on the public streets wearing a like over there, but whatever they do is inhuman and what foreign uniform, carrying a foreign :flag, and pledging alle ever they do is unjust, because only yesterday a proclama giance to foreign governments is sufficient, in my opinion, to tion was issued by the German Government directing the call their action un-American. I am also mindful of free confiscation of all property and all money of all people in speech and free press, but I am opposed to freedom of action these German Provinces. One now has to file a report if one along the lines to which I have referred. has money outside of Germany, so as to give the German I now call the attention of the gentleman from the very Government an opportunity to confiscate such money, and swanky neighborhood of Westchester to the fact that in this is money they are going to use for war purposes. Westchester only a few days ago it took 500 policemen to stop Mr. BREWSTER. The gentleman certainly would not bloodshed. With all of the police that surrounded the city feel, then, that any useful purpose could be served by an in Westchester, it took 200 additional policemen from New investigation of the German youth camps, I take it? York City to prevent bloodshed, _to let these goos~stepping Mr. DICKSTEIN. Where? Hitlerites parade from Eighty-sixth Street to the Grand 5882 CONGRESSIONAL ;RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 27 Central Station, where they boarded: a train to this . fine but for all sorts of. crackpots. We even have 120-percent neighborhood of my colleague. But with all that, we find Americans in this country. That is how good they are. that some people were able to throw 11 stink bombs into their These so-called 120 percenters are · the very ones who are midst, and cause many of them to quit. seeking to destroy democracy. I hope to call upon you The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the gentleman gentlemen pretty soon, with the encouragement that I have from New York has expired. received from the Rules Committee--to support a resolu Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent tion which will, if nothing else; remove from our shores and to proceed for another 5 minutes. · our country all subversive agitation and agitators, an foreign The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection? Nazis and Fascists and Communists, that seek to undermine There was no objection. our form of government. Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I have almost definite [Here the gavel fell.l proof, if I had the power of subpena, to establish to the EXTENSION OF REMARKS American people that while Fritz Kuhn, the leader of the Mr. JOHNSON of Minnesota. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani Nazi movement in this countr-y was abroad discussing h~ affairs of state with Hitler and Goering and Goebbles, there mous consent to extend my remarks in the RECORD on the were certain communications· that were sent to this country pending non-Federal applications for Minnesota under the by way of cable. These cables definitely establish that all of Public Works Administration arid to include therein a list these Nazi crackpots are following the principle of leader of approved projects for the State of Minnesota. ship, that they must do what the leader says. If we Ameri The SPEAKER pro tempore. ·without objection, it· is so can people permit that to be done, then do not say to me ordered. that it cannot happen here, because I say to you that it is There was no objection. happening every day in the week. At this point I ask unani Mr. LUCKEY of Nebra~ka. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous mous consent that I may incorporate in my remarks a part consent· to extend my remarks in ·the REcoRD and to include of a very interesting article by Dorothy Dunbar Bromley. therein-a list by counties for the State of Nebraska of pending The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection? non-Federal applications for which no allotments have been There was no objection. made as of April 12, 1938. · Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Reserving the right to PRIVATE MILITARY FORCE SHOULD BE -SUPPRESSED-MINIATURE MUNICH BEER HALL PUTSCH MAY FOLLOW ARMING OF NAZIS AND FoES object, Mr. Speaker, and f shall not, can the majority leader SULLIVAN LAW ALso NEEDS AMENDING . ~dvise us what the program will be for the balance of the (By Dorothy Dunbar Bromley) week? · · · · CARRYING OF ARMS UN-AMERiqAN . . Mr. RAYBURN. · The only thing on the program for the But it would not be un-American to forbid the members of the remainder of the week' is the bill reported by the· Committee bund to carry arms of any description. Otto Giesler, the only on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries for which a rule h3s American Nazf who has so far been tried as a result of the York ville fracas, was charged with violating the Sullivan law, because been granted. If this bill is passed tomorrow it is the inten- he· carried somethmg like a trench knife in a scabbard at his belt. tion to adjourn until Monday. · His lawyer, a Jew· appointed by the court in · the best American The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the tradition, argued that a bund member had as much right to wear request of the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. LucoYJ? a knife as a Boy Scout has. Magistrate Matthew Troy dismissed the charge against Giesler There was no objection. because he did not believe there was any intent to use the weapon Mr. COFFE~ of Washington. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani· and because the police officer had testified that he and not the mous consent to extend my own remarks in the RECORD defendant had taken _it from its scabbard. The judge reasoned. no doubt, that the bund members wear these knives as small boys and include therein an article from the Christian Front, a might for swagger and decoration. Yet it seenis to me that our monthly magazine of social reconstruction and a Catholic Sullivan law should cover not only firearms but knives and all periodical. other dangerous weapons, and. that it should be applied rigorously Is to individuals and organizations of every political hue. _ The SPEAKER pro tempore. there objection to the Many indignant Americans believe that the Nazi-American bund request of the gentleman from Washington? should be completely suppressed in this country. I _note that the There was no objection. American League for Peace and Democracy has invited war vet erans to attend a meeting Wednesday evening "to discuss im LEAVE OF ABSENCE mediate action to be taken in answer to the attack of armed By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted to Nazi Storm· Troopers· upon American World War veterans." "Every Mr. PLUMLEY, for 10 days, on account o~ official business. American worth his salt," the League says, "recoils at the imported thuggery evidenced by the truncheons, blackjacks, and daggers ADJOURNMENT of the swastika.'' . Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do LAW PROPOSED BY CIVIL LmERTIES UNION now adjourn. For my part, I recoil at all kinds of thuggery, whether 1t is The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 2 o'clock and home-grown, imported, or committed in the concentration camps of Germany, or the prisons of Soviet Russia. What the situation 45 minutes p. m.) the House .adjourned until tomonow, here calls for is not suppression of the bund but such a Federal Thursday, April 28, 1938, at 12 q'clock noon. law as has been sponsored by the American Civil Liberties Union. The law would "prohibit the formation of private military forces and military training not authorized by the Government or not COMMITI'EE HEARINGS under the supervision of the War Department." A law of this kind could be invoked against the present arms-bearing practice COMMITTEE 0~ THE CIVIL ~ERVI<;E of the bund. The magistrate's opinion notwithstanding, I think The_Co~mittee on th~ q1v11 Service will continue hearingS that a. man who carries a knife in a scabbard cannot be presumed to have innocent intentions. on the general subject of ciVil-service retirement on Tues When the German-Americans of .Nazi persuasion }J.old thei1; day, May 3, 1938, at 10:30 a. m., in room 246, House o:mce meetings it's up to the police to protect them, just as it's ·up to Building. · · . ' the police to protect Socialists and Communists. The police COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY act or should act, not in the interests of any one group, but in the interests of -public order. Subcommittee No. ·1 of the Committee on the Judiciary It would be easy for excitable Americans to lose their heads will hold further hearings on the bill (H. R. 9745) to pro over the Nazi movement in this country and act l,ike the high school boys. who tried to throw a stench bomb at the White Plains Vide for guaranties of collective bargaining in contracts en-. meeting-an old-home-week affair, held_last Sunday by ,tl;le United tered into and in the grant or loans of funds by the United German-Americans. The boys declared it was their "sworn duty as States, or any agency thereof, and· for other purposes, at true-blooded Americans" to throw the bomb. 10 a. m.Jon Tuesday, May 3, 1938. The hearings will be held It is every true-blooded American's duty to keep the peace and to support laws which are 'not suppressive of liberty, but will pre in the J~diciary Committee roo_m., 346, House Office Building. ven~ the outbreak of violence. COMMITTEE ON MERCHANT MARINE AND FISHERIES . · Mr. DICKSTEIN. We must under any cir.cumstances, and The Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries will at any cost, clean house. That goes not only for the Nazis, hold a public- hearing in room 219, House Office Building, 1938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5883 Washington, D. C., at 10 a.. m. on Tuesday, May 3, 1938, on Also, a bill
Congressional Record-House 5855 House
