AUDIO �NGIN��RING SOCI�TY

OFFICERS FOR 1953

President F. SUMNER RAU

Executiz'e Vice-President Treasurer JERRY B. MINTER RALPH A. SCHLEGEL

Central Vice-President TVestern Vice-President Secretary W. S. PRITCHARD R. L. BURGESS C. J. LEBEL

GOVERNORS

JOHN D. COLVIN C. G. McPROUD C. R. SAWYER PRICE E. FISH ALBERT A. PULLEY \V. OLIVER SUMMERLIN JAY R. QUINN

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Admissions Nomina tions J. D. COLVIN C. R. SAWYER

Awards Finance Publications R. F. OLSON W. O. SUMMERLIN JERRY B. l\lINTER

Constitution and By-Laws Historical Public Relations \VALTER O. STANTON V. J. LIEBLER C. A. RACKEY

Convention Sections Lecture Course JERRY B. l\lrNTER C. J. LEBEL JAY R. QUINN Educational Standards Standards R. H. ROSE Membership W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR. W. H. HAZLETT Employment Register Test Records C. G. McPRouD �. C. PICKERING

Sections Cincinnati Cleveland Membership Columbus Los Angeles ,\pplication blanks for membership New York may be obtained from the Secretary at San Francisco P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, Southern Michigan �ew York 11, Kew York.

Publications Editor: LEWIS S. GOODFRIEND

The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society is published quarterly and supplied to all members

of the Audio Engineering Society in good standing. Back numbers can be obtained from the

Secretary at P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. Journal of the

AU 010 ENGINEERING SOCIETY

JANUARY 1953 VOLUME 1, NUMBER 1

This issue contains the papers presented at the Audio Fair held in conjunction with the Fourth Annual Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, in New York, October 29, 30, 31, and November 1, 1952.

Binaural Disc Recording - Emory Cook

Methods of Measuring Surface Induction of Magnetic Tape - J. D. Bick 4

ANew Professional Magnetic Recording Tape - Edward Schmidt 10

Constant-Current Operation of Power Amplifiers- H oward T. Ste1"ling and Alan Sobel 16

ANew Pocket Wire Recorder - OliveI' Read 22

Musical Therapy -- R. L. Cardinell 27

Some Consideration Regarding Volume Production of Electronic Musical Instruments - George H. H adden 29

Gun-Shot Reinforcers and Synthesizers - J. L. Hathaway and R. E. LafJerty 37

The Deposited-Carbon Resistor: An Essential Component of Good Audio Design Practice - Llewellyn Bates Keim 42

Electrolytic Capacitors, Why and When - M ark VanBuskirk 46

Choice of Electron Tubes for Audio Circuits - W. R. Ayres 49

Review ofNew Printed Circuit Development and Audio-Frequency Applications - Arthur W. Kelly, Jr. 53

Intermodulation Measurements - H. H. Scott 56

Measurement of Nonlinear Distortion - Alan Bloch 62

Comparative Study of Methods for MeasuringNonlinear Distortion in Broadcasting Audio Facilities - Donald E. M axwell 68

Distortion in Phonograph Reproduction - H. E. Roys 78

Basic Problems in Audio Systems Practice - W. E. Stewart 85

Audio-Frequency Input Circuits - William B. Snow 87

Attenuator Types and Their Application - Chester F. Scott 95

The Design of Speech Input Consoles for Television - Robert H. Tanner 99

Grounding, Shielding, and Isolation - Arthur Davis 103

Consideration of Some Factors Concerning the Use of Audio Transformers - W. E. Lehnert 105 Bypass and Decouplil1g Circuits in Audio Design -Lewis S. Goodfriend 111

Resistance-Capacitance Networks in Amplifier Design- E. D. Sisson 116

Attenuation Equalizers - F. R. Bies 125 Network Transformations -L. N orde 137

Analyzing the Long-Playing Pickup Problem - Theodore Lindenberg 140

Binaural Sound Reproduction at Home - H. T. Sherman 142

Testing and Adjusting Speaker Installations with the Sound-Survey Meter - W. R. Thurston 146 Concert-Hall Realism through the Use of Dynamic Level Control - John Nigro and J erry B. M inter 160 Journal Authors 165

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 1, Number 1, January, 1953. Published qual·terly by the Audio Engineering Society. F'ublication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York City 11. Application for entry as second· class matter at the post office at Utica, N. Y. is pending. Subscription to non-members is $8 per year. Copyright 1953 by the Audio Engineering Society. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1953 APRIL 1953 VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2

President F. SUMNER HALL Some Audio Considerations in Air Control Towers­ Executive Vice-President JERRY B. MINTER John C. Webster and Paul O. Thompson 171

Central Vice-P"esident W. S. PRITCHARD History and Development of Stereophonic Sound Recording­ Western Vice-President Ross H. Snyder 176 R. L. BURGESS

Treasm"er RALPH A. SCHLEGEL An Adventure in Microphone Design - Ifoward T. Souther 180

Seere tat·y C. J. LEBEL Modern :Vlethods of Filter Design - Leslie N orde 186

GOVERNORS The Vibrating String as an Audio-Frequency Circuit Element­ JOHN D. COLVIN JAy H. QUINN John A. McWaid 199 PRICE E. FISH C. R. SAWYER C. G. MCPROUD W. O. SUM MERLIN ALBERT A. PULLEY The Application of Printed Circuits and Miniaturized Assemblies to

Audio Amplifiers and Equipment- J esse Kanarek 202 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN

Admissions: J. D. COLVIN A Condenser Microphone for Quantitative Determinations of Awards: H. F. OLSDN Ballistic Shock-Wave Intensities-W. C. Hornbostel and Constitution and By-Laws: V. J. LIEBLER Marcus C. Eliason 208 Convelttion: JERRY B. MINTER

Educational Standards: R. H. ROSE

Employment Register: C. G. MCPROUD A Low-Noise FM Recording System -- Walter T. Selsted 213 Finance: W. O. SUM MERLIN Historical: C. A. RACKEY Aircraft Public Address System Operation under High-Level Ambient Lecture Course: JAY H. QUINN Noise Conditions - Jackson C. Baker 216 Membership: W. H. HAZLETT

Nominations: C. R. SAWYER

Publications: JERRY B. MINTER Journal Authors 221

Public Relations: WALTER O. STANTON Sections: C. J. LEBEL Section Meetings 223 Standards: W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR.

Test Records: N. C. PICKERING

Editor: LEWIS S. GOODFRIEND Sections A ssociate Editor: VINCENT SALMON Cincinnati New York The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society is published quarterly and supplied to Cleveland San Francisco all members of the Audio Engineering Society in good standing. Application blanks Columbus Southern Michigan for membership and back numbers of the Journal may be obtained from the Secretary, Los Angeles P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York.

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 1, Number 2, April, 1953, Published quarterly 'by the Audio Engineering Society. Publication office. 104 Liberty Street, Ctica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York City 11. Entered as second· class matter at the post office at Utica, N. Y. Subscription to non· members is $8 per year. Copyright 1953 by the Audio Engineering Society. Journal' of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1953 JULY 1953 VOLUME 1, NUMBER 3

P"esident F. SUMNER HALL Executive Vice-President Structure and Performance of Magnetic Transducer Heads­ JERRY B. MINTER Otto Kornei 225 Central Vice-President W. S. PRITCHARD Western Vice-President - 232 HARRY BRYANT* New High-Grade Condenser Microphones F. W. O. Bauch

Treasurer RALPH A. SCHLEGEL Secretary A Variable-Speed Distributor System for Synchronizing Out-of-Sync C. J. LEBEL Pictures and Sound Tracks - H. 111. Tremaine 241

COVERNORS JOHN D. COLVIN JAy H. QUINN ANovel Audio Sweep Generator - Peter Pohl and Henry Wolcott 244 PRICE E. FISH C. R. SAWYER C. C. MCPROUD W. O. SUMMERLIN ALBERT A. P,ULLEY " The Amplifier and Its Place in the High-Fidelity System - ' COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN ( H. H. Scott 246 Admissions: J. D. COLVIN Awards: H. F. OLSON Constitution and By-Laws: V. J. LIEBLER Two Ears in Three Dimensions - Norman C. Pickering and Convelltion: JERRY B. MINTER KI Eric Baender, M.D...... 255 Cooperative Research: PRICE E. FISH Educatiollal Standards: R. H. ROSE ' Employment Register: C. C. MCPROUD - 262 Finance: W. O. SUMMERLIN A Variable Inductor R. E. Allison Historical: C. A. RACKEY Lecture Course: JAY H. QUINN Membership: W. H. HAZLETT Review of New Materials and Techniques in High-Fidelity Trans­ Nomillatiolls: C. R. SAWYER former Design-Le,wis W. Howard 265 Papers Procuremellt: W. R. DRESSER Publicatiolls: JERRY B. MINTER Public Relations: WALTER O. STANTON Journal Authors 269 Sections: C. J. LEBEL Standards: W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR. Test Records: N. C. PICKERING Section Meetings 271 Sections Cincinnati New York Cleveland San Francisco Columbus Southern Michigan Editor: LEWIS S. COODFRIEND Los Angeles Associate Editor: VINCENT SALMON British Liaison British Sound Recording Association The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society is published quarterly and supplied to London W. C. I, England all members of the Audio Engineering Society in good standing. Application blanks

* Interim appointment to repbce R. L. Burgess, for membership and back numbers of the Journal may be obtained from the Secretary, deceased. P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York.

Journal of the Audio Engillt"ering Society, Volume 1, Number 3, July, 1953, Published quarterly by the Audio Engineering Society. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, l:ti ca. N. Y. Executive and editonal office, Box 12, Old Ch{::lsea Station, New York 11, N. Y. Entered as �econd-class matter at tI,e post office at ('tica, N, Y. Subscription to non· members is $8 per year. Copyright 1953 by the Audio Engineering Sodety. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1953 OCTOBER 1953 VOLUME 1, NUMBER 4

President F; SUMNER HALL

Executive Vice-President JERRY B. MINTER Design of an Electrostatic Loudspeaker - Theodore Lindenberg, Charles Smiley, and Jerry Minter . Cetltral. Vice-President E. B. 273 W. S. PRITCHARD Design Factors in Horn-Type Speakers - Daniel J. Plach 276 Western Vice-President HARRY BRYANT* A New Transformerless Amplifier Circuit - Kerim Onder . 282 Treasurer RALPH A. SCHLEGEL A Stereodynamic Multichannel Amplifier for Single or Binaural. Secretary Input - John Nigro . C. J. LEBEL 2-87

GOVERNORS A New 30-Watt Power Amplifier- Sidney A. Corderman and

JOHN D. COLVIN JAY H. QUINN Frank H. Mclntosh 292 PRICE E. FISH C. R. SAWYER - C. G. McPROUD W. O. SUMMERLlN Audio and Interior Decor Jefj Markell and Mary Leighton 297 ALBERT A. PULLEY Decorating the Home with :Music- Russell J. Tinkham 302 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN' A Composite Recording System for Studio or High-Fidelity Admissions: J. D. COLVIN Applications - Olive!' Read 305 A wards: H. F. OLSON Constitution and By-Laws: V. J. LIEBLER Audio Automatic Volume Control Systems - F. W. Roberts and Convention: JERRY B. MINTER R. C. Curtis . 310 Cooperative Research: PRICE E. FISH Educational Stalldards: R. H. RosE A 1\ ew Business Office Dictating Machine C sing Magnetic Tape as Employment Register: C. G. McPRouD Recording Medium -- Samuel J. Hyman 317 Finance: W. O. SUMMERLlN Hi r C. A. RAC KEY sto ical: Effect of High-Frequency Pre-Emphasis on Groove Shape­ Lecture Course: JAY H. QUINN Jerry B. Mintcr and Aldo R. l1Jiccioli 321 Membership: W. H. HAZLETT Nominations: C. R. SAWYER AES Kews. 327 Paj}ers Procurement: 'V. R. DRESSER Publications: JERRY B. MINTER J ournal Authors 331 Public Relations: WALTER O. STANTO='l Sections: C. J. LEBEL AES Convention Program . 333 S:-andards: W. H. OFPENHAUSER, JR. Test Records: N. C. PICKERIKG Contents of Volume 1 339

Author Index. 341 Sections

Cincinnati New York Cleveland San Francisco Columbus Southern Michigan Editor: LEWIS S. GUUDFRlEND Los Angeles Assoc;atf! Editor: VINCE='IT SAL:\10N British Liaison British Sound Recording Association The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society is published quarterly and supplied to London W. C. I, England all members of the Audio Engineering Society in good standing. Application blanks

'I. Illteri�n appointment to replace R. L. Burgess, for membership and back numbers of the Journal may be ohtained from the Secretary, deceased. P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York.

Journal of the Audio Engineering' Society, VolumE' " Knmbcr 4, OClober, 1953. Publi:-.hed quarlerly hy the Audio EllgitlClTing Society. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Ctica, N. Y. Executive ,and editorial office, Box 1.? Old Chehea Station, :i\e\'v York llJ N. Y. Entered a� second-c\tss matter at the post ortlce at Ulica, N. Y. Subscription to non-members is $8 per year. Copyright 1953 hy the .-\lIllio Engineering Society, Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1954 JANUARY 1954 V OLUME 2, NUMBER 1

President JERRY B. MINTER

Executive Vice-President The AES Begins Its Seventh Year - fen), B. j"}linter . A. A. PULLEY Central Vice-President The Proposed AES Disk Standard . 3 R. C. MOYER Nomenclature for Motion Pictures and Television­ Western Vice-President BOYD McKNIGHT William H. Offenhauser, Jr. 8

T"easurer Nomenclature and the SMP TE - William H. Offenhauser, Jr. 12 RALPH A. SCHLEGEL

Secretary Interim Committee on Nomenclature - Calvin M. Hotchkiss 14 C. J. LEBEL Operation Nomenclature - fulius Postal. 17

GOVERNORS Multichannel Sound Reproduction.- Walter T. Selsted 20 PRICE E. FISH RICHARD H. RANGER F. SUMNER HALL C. R. SAWYER A New Approach to Professional Magnetic Recording Equipment­ JAY H. QUlNN LAURENCE J. SCllLLY William F. Bo)'lan and vVilliam E. Goldstandt . 25 W. O. STANTON System Design for Multiple Copying of Tape and Disk Program COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Material- Robel't D. Winston . 34 Admissions: PRICE E. FISH Some Notes on Problems Encountered in the Use of the Standard A wards: F. SUlvlNER HALL Constitution and By-Laws: V. J. LlEBLER Reference Tape - Frank Radocy 36 Convention: A. A. PULLEY The Compound DiffractionProjector _. Louis S. Hoodwin Cooperative Research: HUGH KNOWLES 40 Educational Standm'ds: R. H. RosE The Philosophy of Amplifier Eq ualization - H. H. Scatt . 4S Employment Register: C. G. MCPROUD Finance: C. R. SAWYER The Significance of High-Frequency Intermodulation in Audio Historical: C. A. RAC KEY Equipment -- Emo!')' Cook 50 Lecture Course: JULIUS POSTAL Membership: OLIVER READ New Developments and Applications of Printed Circuits­ Nominations: LAURENCE SCULLY Al'thur W. [{ell)" Jr. 52 Papet'S Pro,curemellt: AVERY LOCKNER Publications: RICHARD H. RANGER High Fidelity - What Is It? S6 Public Relatiolls: WALTER 0_ STANTON Sections: C. J. LEBEL Book Review 58 Standards: W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR. AES News. 59

Sections Journal Authors 62 Cincinnati New York Cleveland San Francisco ':=olumbus Southern Michigan Editor: LEWIS S. GOODFRIEND Los Angeles Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (student) Associate Editor: VINCENT SALMON

The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society is published quarterly and supplied to British Liaison all members of the Audio Engineering Society in good standing. Application blanks British Sound Recording Association for membership and back numbers of the Journal may be obtained from the Secretary, London W. C. 1, England P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York.

Juurllal of the �-\ndio Ellg"il1<."ering- Society, Volullle 2. Number 1, January, 1954. Published quarterly hy the Auelio Engineering Society. Publication uniee, 104 Lihcrty Street, etica, N. Y. Executive allu editorial officc� P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second-class maiter at the post office at Utica, N. Y. Subscription to nonmembers is $8 per year. Copyright 1954 by the ...'\udio Engineering Society. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1954 APRIL 1954 VOLUME 2, NUMBER 2

President JERRY B. MINTER Executive Vice·President New Advances in Language Teaching - The Georgetown University A. A. PULLEY Project - M orris Lewis Grader 65 Central Vice-President R. C. MOYER Western Vice-Pt'esident An Analytical Approach to Phonograph Pickup Design­ BOYD McKNIGHT Walter O. Stanton 71 Treasurer RALPH A. SCHLEGEL

Secretary Amplifiers and Superlatives -- D. T. N. Williamson and P. f. Walker 75 C. J. LEBEL

Design of a PreamplifIer for Low-Level Inputs­ GOVERNORS Martin V. Kiebert, fr. 81 PRICE E. FISH RICHARD H. RANGER F. SUMNER HALL C. R. SAWYER JAY H. QUINN LAURENCE J. SCULLY A K ew Program Distribution System­ W. O. STANTON Stephen F. Temmer and Rein Narma 88

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Admissions: PRICE E. FISH Bibliography of Disk Recording 92 Awards: F. SUMNER HALL Constitution and By-Laws: V. J. LIEBLER Convention: A. A. PULLEY Edwin Howard Armstrong - 1890-1 954 109 Coopemtive Research: HUGH KNOWLES Educational Standards: R. H. ROSE Employment Register: C. G. MCPROUD Book Review 110 Finance: C. R. SAWYER Historical: C. A. RAC KEY Letters 111 Lecture Course: JULIUS POSTAL Membership: OLIVER READ Nominations: LAURENCE SCULLY AES News 112 Papers Pro.curement: AVERY LOCKNER Publications: RICHARD H. RANGER Public Relations: WALTER O. STANTON Audio Aspects of the Sl\1PTE 74th Convention - A Review­ Sections: C. J. LEBEL fulius Postal 119 Standards: W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR.

Sections Journal Authors 142 Cincinnati New York Cleveland San Francisco Editor: LEWIS S. GOODFRIEND Columbus Southern Michigan Los Angeles Rensselaer Polytechnic Associate Editors: GEORGE E. GYNN, JULIUS POSTAL" VINCENT SALMON Institute (student) Assistant Editors: ELIZABETH H. BEAUMONT, DOROTHEA S. THORBURN

The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society is published quarterly and supplied to British Liaison all members of the Audio Engineering Society in good standing. Application blanks British Sound Recording Association for membership and back numbers of the Journal may be obtained from the Secretary, London W. C. 1, England P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York.

Journal of the Audio Eng'ineering Society. Volume 2, Kumher 2, April 1954. Published quarterly by the Audio Engineering Society. Publication office 104 Liberty Street. Vtica. N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12. Old Chelsea Station. New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second· class matt�r at the post office at Utica, N. Y. Subscription to nonmembers is $8 per year. Copyright "1954 by the Audio Engineering Society. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

VOLUME NUMBER 3 OFFICERS FOR 1954 JULY 1954 2,

President JERRY B. MINTER Executive Vice-President A. A. PULLEY Survey of Flux-Responsive Magnetic Reproducing Heads - atto Kornei 145 Central Vice-President R. C. MOYER Western Vice-President BOYD McKNIGHT Resonance, Tracking, and Distortion - An Analysis of Phonograph Treasurer RALPH A. SCHLEGEL Pickup Arms - R. E. Carlson 151

Secretary C. J. LEBEL

The Fundamentals of Disk Reproduction - S. Kelly 163 GOVERNORS PRICE E. FISH RICHARD H. RANGER F. SUMNER HALL C. R. SAWYER JAY H. QUINN LAURENCE J. SCULLY Etched Circuits for Audio - Kenyon B. Howard 171 W. O. STANTON

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Admissions: PRICE E. FISH The ::\Iechanics of Good Loudspeaker Design - Abraham B. Cohen 176 Awards: F. SUMNER HALL Constitution and By-Laws: V. J. LIEBLER Convention: A. A. PULLEY Cooperative Research: HUGH KNOWLES Educational Standards: R. H. RosE Bibliography of Magnetic Recording -- Aljred J orysz 183 Employment Register: C. G. MCPROUD Finance: C. R. SAWYER Historical: C. A. RAC KEY Lecture Course: JULIUS POSTAL AES News 200 Membership: OLIVER READ N omillations : LAURENCE SCULLY Papers Procurement: AVERY LOCKNER Publications: RICHARD H. RANGER Public Relations: WALTER O. STANTON Journal Authors 201 Sections: C. J. LEBEL Standards: W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR.

Sections

Cincinnati New York Editor: LEWIS S. GOODFRIEND Cleveland San Francisco Associate Editors: GEORGE E. GYNN, JULIUS POSTAL, VINCENT SALlVION Columbus Southern Michigan Assistant Editors: DOROTHEA S. THORBURN, ELIZABETH H. BEAU MONT Los Angeles Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (student) The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society is published quarterly and supplied to all members of the Audio Engineering Society in good standing. Application blanks for membership and back numbers of the Journal may be obtained from the Secretary, British Liaison P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

Journal oi the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 2, Number 3, July 1954. Published quarterly by the Audio Engineering Society. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station. New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second·class matter at the post office at Utica, N. Y. Subscription to nonmembers is $8 per year. Copyright 1954 by the Audio Engineering Society. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1954 OCTOBER 1954 VOLUME 2, �UMBER 4

President B. NT JERRY MI ER Motion Picture Sound Recording at USAF Lookout ::\lountain Executive Vice-President Laboratory - H. M. Tl'emainc 204 A. A. PULLEY

Central Vice-President An Experimental Study of Distortion - C. 1. LeBel 215 R. C. MOYER Western Vice·Pt'esident Recent Developments in Direct-Radiator High-Fidelity Loudspeakers BOYD McKNIGHT -- Harry F. Olson, John Preston, and Everett G. May 219 Treasurer RALPH A. SCI-ILEGEL A Moving-Coil Feedback Disk Recorder - C. C. Davis 228 Secretm'Y C. J. LEBEL A Stable Laboratory Standard Condenser Microphone -I. F. Houdek, Jr. 234

GOVERNORS A Twin-Lever Ceramic Cartridge PRICE E. FISH RICHARD H. RANGER - B. B. Bauel', L. Gunter, and E. Seeler 239 F. S1:MNER HALL C. R. SAWYER Multidirectional Reproduction and Re-recording of Music from a JAY H. QUINN LAURENCE J. SCULLY Single Sound Source -- Charles D. Lindridge 244 W. O. STANTON

Monogroove Stereophonic Disk Recording - John T. Mullin 249 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN

Admissions: PRICE E. FISH An Output-Transformerless Power Amplifter - Julius Futterman 252 A wards: F. SUMNER HALL Constitution and By-Laws: V. J. LIEBLER Characteristics of Bass Emphasis Circuits - Charles D. Lindridge 257 Convention: A. A. PULLEY An External Automatic Sweep Generator for Use with Cathode-Ray Cooperative Research: HUGI-I KNOWLES Oscilloscopes - Alan Bloch 259 Educational Standards: R. H. ROSE EmploymeJlt Register: C. G. McPRouD Harold T. Sherman - j 904-1954 262 Filtaltce: C. R. SAWYER Historical: C. A. RACKEY AES News 263 Lecture Course: JULlUS POSTAL 111em bership: OLlVER READ Journal Authors 265 Nominations: LAURENCE SCULLY Papers Procurement: AVEHY LOCKNER Contents of Volume 2 267 Publicatiolts: RICHARD H. RANGEH Author Index, Volume 2 268 Public Relations: WALTER O. STANTON Sectiolts: C. J. LEBEL Membership Application Blank 269 Standards: W. H. OFPENIIAUSER, JR.

Sections Chairman of the Publications Committee: RICHAHD H. RANGER

Cincinnati San Francisco Editor: VINCENT SALMON Managing Editor: JULlUS POSTAL Cleveland Southern Michigan Associate Editor: GEORGE E. GYNN Columbus Rensselaer Polvtechnic Los Angeles Institute (student) Copy Editor: DOROTI-lEA S. THoRBuHN News Editor: ELIZABETH H. BEAUMONT New York Japan The Journal of the Audio Engineering Society is published quarterly and supplied to British Liaison all members of the Audio Engineering Society in good standing. Application blanks

British Sound Recording Association for membership and back numbers of the Journal may be obtained from the Secretary, London W. C. 1, England P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York.

Journal oi the _\udio Engineering Society, Vo1ume 2, Numller 4, October 1954. Publifihed quarterly by the Audio Engineering Society. Publication office 104 Liberty Street, utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second-class matt�r at the post office at Uti ca, N. Y. Subscription to nonmembers is $8 per year. Copyright 1955 by the Audio Engineering Society. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1955 JANUARY 1955 VOLUME 3, NUMBER I

P"esident A. A. PULLEY On Stylus Wear and Surface Noise in Phonograph Playback Executive Vice-President Systems -F. V. Hunt 2 RICHARD H. RANGER

Central Vice-President W. J. MAHONEY Record Quality and Its Relation to Manufacturing

Western Vice-President -A. M. Max 19 RICHARD F. HASTINGS

T" easure,' Frequency-Modulation Noise in Magnetic Recording RALPH A. SCHLEGEL -R. A. von Behren and R. 1. Youngquist 26 Secretary C. J. LEBEL Defects in Magnetic Recording Tape: Their Cause and Past President JERRY B. MINTER Cure - Frank Radocy 31

GOVERNORS Correlation of Transient Measurements on Loudspeakers with Listening Tests - Murlan S. Corrington EMERY G. COOK 35 SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD ERNEST W. FRANCK Multi-impedance, Multifrequency Crossover Networks for W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR. M ultispeaker Systems - A braham B. C oh en 40 LAURENCE J. SCULLY W. O. STANTON AES News 49

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN

Admissions: ERNEST \V. FRANCK Journal Authors 63 Awards: SHERMAN M. FAI RCHILD Co,zstitution and By-Laws: V. J. LIEBLER Convention: RICHARD H. RANGER PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Employment Register: E. V. B. KETTLEIVIAN Finance: LAWRENCE J. SCULLY CARLETON R. SAWYER, Chairman A. A. PULLEY Historical: CHESTER A. RAC KEY F. SUMNER HALL RICHARD H. RANGER Lectul'e Course: JULIUS POSTAL GEORGE HORIUCHI VINCENT SALMON Nominations: JERRY B. MINTER JCLIUS POSTAL WALTER O. STANTON Papers Procurement: CLAIR D. KREPPS Publications: CARLETON R. SAWYER STAFF Public Relations: EMORY G. COOK Sections: C. J. LEBEL Editor: VII',CENT SALMON Managing Editor: JULIUS POSTAL Standards: FREDERICK W. ROBERTS Associate Edito,': GEORGE E. GYNN Copy Edito,r: DOROTHEA S. THORBCRN

Sections News Editor: ELIZABETH H. BEAUMONT Copy Editor: NAOMI POSTAL Ciflcinnati San Francisco Columbus Rensselaer Polytechnic Los Angeles Institute (student) New York Japan Application blanks for membership in the Audio Engineering Society and back numbers of the JOURNAL may be obtained from the Secretary, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. British Liaison British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

TO,l1nal ot the AudIO Engmeeling SOCIety, Volume 3, Numhel- 1, January 1935. Puhlished quarterly by the Audio. E.ngineering Society and supplied to all ;nembers in good standing. PublIcatIOn office 104 LIhel ty Sh eet, l�ttca, K Y. Executiye ann editorial office, P. O. Box 12, O:d Chelsea Station. :\e\v York 11. N. Y. Eutered as seloncl CLlSS m�ttet at tl"e post olhcC at Ctlca, �. Y. Subscription to nonmemhers, $8 per year. Addre;-;s manu�cripts to the .Managing Editor. Copyrig'ht 1955 by the Audio Engineering Society. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY,

OFFICERS FOR 1955 APRIL 19 55 VOLUME 3, NUMBER 2

P,'esident A. A. PULLEY Record Stylus Pressure -- A . M . Max 66 Executive Vice-President RICHARD H. RANGER Present-Day Developments in Magnetic Pickups - Walter O. Stanton 70 Central Vice-President Frequency Characteristics of a Sound-Reinforcing System W. J. MAHONEY , ' - William B. Snow 74 Western Vice-President RICHARD F. HASTl:'./GS A Microphone for Informal Use - L. M, Wigington and R. M. Carrell 77 Treasurer RALPH A. SCHLEGEL An Extended Cathode-Coupled Phase Inverter and Its Application to Single-Ended Push-Pull Amplifiers- Hiroshi Amemiya 82 Secretary C. J. LEBEL An Electrostatic Loudspeaker Development - Arthur A. Janszen 87 Past President JERKY B. MINTER Development of a Subminiature Tape Recorder - Albcrt C. Travis, Jr. 91

MIL-T-27 Procurement Problems - Eugene L. Haikin 97 GOVERNORS

EMERY G. COOK A Method for the Quantitative Measurement of Wind-Noise Sensitivity SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD in Microphones - R. M. Carrell 102 ERNEST W. FRANCK W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR. Decibel Tables; Power and Voltage Ratios 106 LAURENCE J. SCULLY AES News 110 W. O. STANTON Journal Authors 118 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Membership Application Blank 119 Admissions: ERNEST W. FRANCK Awards: SHERMAN M. FAIRCHlLD Constitution and By-Laws: V. J. LIEBLER Convention: RICHARD H. RANGER PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Employment Register: E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Finance: LAWRENCE J. SCULLY CARLETON R. SAWYER, Chairman A. A. PULLEY RICHARD RANGER Historical: CHESTER A. RAC KEY F. SUMNER HALL H. Lectul'e Course: JULlCS POSTAL GEOHGE HORIUCHl VINCENT SALMON WALTER STANTON Nominations: JER'RY B. MINTEH JULlUS POSTAL O. Papers Procurement: CLAm D. KREPPS Publications: CARLETON R. SAWYER STAFF Public Relations: EMORY G. COOK Sections: C. J. LEBEL Editor: VINCENT SALMON Managing Editor: JULIUS POSTAL Standards: FREDERICK W. ROBERTS .4ssociate Editor: GEORGE E. GYNN Production Editor: NAOMI POSTAL

Sections News E(/itol': ELlZAIlETH H. BEAU MONT Cincinnati San Francisco Columbus Rensselaer Polytechnic Los Angeles Institute (student) Applicaticn blanks for membership in the Audio Engineering Society and back numbers New York Japan of the JOURNAL may be obtained from the Secretary, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. British Liaison British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 3, Number 2, Apri11955. Publi..,hed quarterly by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing, Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second-class matter at the po�t office at Utica, �. Y. Subscription to nOlltnembers, $8 per year. Address manuscripts to the Managing Editor. Copyright 1955 by the Audio Engineering Society. Journal of the

AUDIO �NGIN��RING SOCI�TY

OFFICERS FOR 1955 JULY 1955 VOLUME 3, NUMBER 3

President A. A. PULLEY

Executive Vice-President Transient Behavior of Electric Wave Filters - Leslie N O1'de 122 RICHARD H. RANGER

Central Vice-President W. J. MAHONEY Power Amplifiers for Music Reproduction - Hermon H. Scatt 132

Westem Vice-President RICHARD HASTINGS F. Locating Defects in Magnetic Recording Tape - Andreas Kramer 143 Treasurer RALPH A. SCHLEGEL The Appreciation of Tone Quality -- Charles D. Lindridge 147 Secretary C. J. LEBEL

Past President Measurement of Flutter and Wow in Magnetic-Tape Instrumentation JERRY B. MINTER Recorders - John T. Mullin 151

GOVERNORS High-Efficiency Three-way Speaker System - Saltl J. White 155 EMERY G. COOK SHERMAN M. FAIRCHlLD ERNEST W. FRANCK Practical Tape Duplication - Ross H. Snyder 16(J, W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR. LAURENCE J. SCULLY AES News W. O. STANTON

Journal Authors COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN 167'

Admissions: ERNEsT W. FRANCK Awards: SHERMAN M. FAIRCHlLD Comtitution and By-Laws: V. J. LIEBLER Convention: RICHARD H. RANGER Employment Register: E. V. B. KETTLEMAN PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Finance: LAWRENCE J. SCULLY Historical: CHESTER A. RACKEY CARLETON R. SAWYER, Chairman Lecture Course: JULIGS POSTAL F. SU;\lNER HALL A. A. PULLEY RICHARD H. Nominatjolts: JERRY B. MINTER GEORGE HORlUCHI RANGER H. Papers Procurel1lenf: CLAIR D. KREPPS W. OFFENHAUSER, JR. VINCENT SALMON Publications: CARLETON R. SAWYER J ULIUS POSTAL WALTER O. STANTON Public Relations: EMORY G. COOK Sectiolts: C. J. LEBEL STAFF Standards: FREDERICK W. ROBERTs Editor: VINCENT SALMON Managing Editor: JULlUS POSTAL

Sectiolts Production Editof': NAOMI POSTAL Cincinnati San Francisco Columbus Rfmsselaer Polytechnic Los Angeles Institute (student) in the Audio Engineering Society and back numbers New York Japan Application blanks for membership of the JOURNAL may be obtained from the Secretary, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. British Liaison British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

Jounwl of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 3, Number 3, July 1955. Published quarterly by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second· class lnatter at the post office at Utica, N. Y. Subscription to nonmembers, $8 per year. Address manuscripts and all editorial correspondence to the Managing Editor-Julius Postal, P.O. Box 49, Bowling Green Station, New York 4, N. Y. Copyright 1956 by the Audio Engineering Society. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1955-56 OCTOBER 1955 VOLUME 3, NUMBER 4

President RICHARD H. RANGER Fundamentals of Speech Synthesis - Homer Dudley 170 Executive Vice-President WALTER O. STANTON Magnetic Properties of Recording-Tape Pigments - f. Gittleman 186 Central Vice-President Standards of Acceptability for High-Fidelity Loudspeakers EWING D. NUNN - P o D. Collings-Wells . 191 Westel'n Vice-President Roy A. LONG On Electrical Loading of Microphones - Richard E. Werner 194 TreasuI'er A Transistorized Tape Recorder - A. 1. Aronson 198 RALPH A. SCHLEGEL

Secretary Magnetic Pickups and Proper Playback Equalization C. J. LEBEL - Walter O. Stanton 202 Past President A Co-ordinated Church Audio-Visual System - Clyde R. Keith 206 A. A. PULLEY

Some Design Criteria for Magnetic Tape - Robert A. von Behren 210 GOVERNORS Seventh Annual Convention of the AES - Preliminary Report VICTOR BROCINER Highlights 217 EYlERY G. COOK Program of Technical Sessions 217 SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD Exhibi tors at Audiorama 1955, New York 222 C. ROIlERT FINE ERNEST W. FRANCK Membership Information 225 DONALD J. PLUNKETT Journal Authors - A. 1. Aronson, P . D. Collings-Wells, Homer W. Dudley, 1. Gittleman, Clyde R. Keith, WaIter O. Stanton, COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Robert A. von Behren, Saul f. White 227 Admissions: ERNEST W. FRANCK Awards: JOHN D. COLVIN Annual Index for Volume 3 (1955), JOURNAL OF THE AES 229 Constitution and By-Laws: V. J. LIEIlLER Membership Application Blank 231 Convention: WALTER O. STANTON Employment Register: E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Finance : VICTOR BROCINER Historical: CHESTER A. RACKEY PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Membership: C. ROIlERT PAULSON Nominations: A. A. PULLEY CARLETON R. SAWYER, Chairman JULIUS POSTAL Papers Procurement: DONALD J. PLUNKETT F. SUMNER HALL A. A. PULLEY Publications: CARLETON R. SAWYER GEORGE HORIUCHI RICHARD H. RANGER Public Relations: SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR. WALTER O. STANTON Standards: C. ROIlERT FINE

Editor: JULIUS POSTAL Production Edito.r: NAOMI POSTAL Sections Cincinnati San Francisco Columbus Rensselaer Polytechnic Los Angeles Institute (student) New York Japan Application blanks for membership in the Audio Engineering Society and back numbers of the JOURNAL may be obtained from the Secretary, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. British Liaison British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vulume 3, Number 4, October 1955. Published quarterly 'by the Aadio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11 N. Y. Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Utica, K. Y. Subscription to nonmembers, $8 per year. Address manuscripts : :and all eclitol ial correspondence to the Editor-Julius Postal, P.O. Box 49, Bowling Green Station, N"ew YOl'k 4, N. Y. Copyright 1956 by the Audio Engineering Society. Journal of the

AU DIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1955-56 JANUARY 19 56 VOLUME 4, NUMBER 1

Presidellt RICHARD H. RANGER

Executive Vice-Presidellt WALTER O. STANTON Synthesis of Speech by Electrical Analog Devices Celltral Vice-Presidellt EWING D. NUNN Kenneth N. Stevens 2

Westerll Vice-Presidellt Roy A. LONG Control of Amplifier Source Resistance-Charles A. Wilkins 9 Treasurer RALPH A. SCHLEGEL The Use of Spectrograms for Speech Secretary Analysis and Synthesis-John M. Borst 14 C. J. LEBEL

Past Presidellt A. A. PULLEY A Program to Design a High-Quality Pickup-Walter O. Stanton 24

Some Experiences with Mass-Production Tape Duplicating GOVERNORS Cecil S. Bidlack 31 VICTOR BROCINER EMERY G. COOK SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD The Influence of Magnetic Pigment Properties on Coated Recording C. ROBERT FINE Media-Ernest W. Franck and Edward Schmidt 38 ERNEST W. FRANCK DONALD J. PLUNKETT A Direct-Reading B-H Meter-Andreas Kramer 41

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN

Admissiolls: ERNEST W. FRANcK Journal Authors 46 A wards: JOHN D. COLVIN COllstitutiOll alld By-Laws: V. J. LIEBLER Membership Application Blank 47 COllvelltioll: WALTER O. STANTON Employmetlt Register: E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Fillallce: VICTOR BROCINER Historical: CHESTER A. RAC KEY Membership: C. ROBERT PAULSON PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Nomillations: A. A. PULLEY CARLETON R. SAWYER, Chairmall CLYDE R. KEITH Papers Procuremellt: DONALD J. PLUNKETT W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR., Vice-Chairman JULlUS POSTAL Publicatiotls: CARLETON R. SAWYER F. SUMNER HALL A. A. PULLEY Public Relatiolls: SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD GEORGE HORIUCHI RICHARD H. RANGER Standards : C. ROBERT FINE

Sectiolls Editor: JULlUS POSTAL Productioll Editon NAOMI POSTAL Cincinnati New York Columbus San Francisco Indiana Technical Rensselaer Polytechnic College (student) Institute (student) Los Angeles Japan Application blanks for membership in the Audio Engineering Society and back numbers of the JOURNAL may be obtained from the Secretary, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. British Liaisoll British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 4, Number 1, January 1956. Published quartedy by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, �. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Utica, N. Y. Subscription to nonmembers, SS per year. Address manuscripts and all editorial correspondence to the Editor-Julius Postal, P.O. Box 49, Bowling Green Station, New York 4, N. Y. Copyright 1956 by the Audio Engineering Society. Journal of the

AUDIO �NGIN��RI NG SOCI �TY

OFFICERS FOR 1955-56 APRIL 1956 VOLUME 4, NUMBER 2

President RICHARD H_ RANGER

Executive Vice-President WALTER O. STANTON

Centml Vice-President Recent Developments in Precision :l\I aster Recording Lathes ­ EWING D. NUNN Jerry B. Minter 50 Western Vice·President Roy A. LONG The Isophase Loudspeaker - Theodore Lindenbcrg Treasurer 56 RALPH A. SCHLEGEL

Secretary Transistor Audio Power-Output Stages - J. M aJ'shall and D. M ogcn 60 C. J. LEBEL

Past President A. A. PULLEY Audio Console Design Notes - Philip C. Erhom 65

GOVERNORS An Output-Transformerless Amplifier-Hiroshi Amcmiya 72 VICTOR BROCINER EMERY G. COOK SHERMAN M. FAIRCH ILD Locked Concentric-Grooved Disc for Use in Measurements of Disc­ C. ROBERT FINE Reproducer Performance - Jack Feinstein 76 ERNEST W. FRANCK DONALD J. PLUNKETT Quality Control of Loudspeakers as It Affects Consumers - E. V. Reiss 82 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN

Admissions: ERNEsT W. FRANcK Membership Application Blank 87 Awards : JOH N D. COLVIN Constitution and By-Laws : V. J. LIEBLER Convention: WALTER O. STANTON Employment R egister : E. V. B. KETTLEM4N Finance: VICTOR BROCINER His torical: CHESTER A. RACKEY PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Membership : C. ROBERT PAULSON Nominations: A. A. PULLEY CARLETON R. SAWYER , Chait-man CLYDE R. KEITH T Papers Procu;-�:?:' €nt: DONALD J. PLUNKE T W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR., Vice-Chairman JULlUS POSTAL R. Publications: CARLETON SAWYER F. SUMNER HALL A. A. PULLEY SH M. Public Relations: ERMAN FAIRCHlLD GEORGE HORIUCHI RICHARD H. RANGER Standards : C. ROBERT FINE:

S c o e ti ns Editor: JULlUS POSTAL Production Editon NAOMI POSTAL Cincinnati New York Columbus San Francisco Indiana Technical Rensselaer Polytechnic College ( stu dent\ Institute (student) Los Angeles Japan Application blanks for membership in the Audio Engineering Society and back numbers of the JOURNAL may be obtained from the Secretary, P. O. B ox 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. British Liaison British Sound Recordinli Association London W. C. 1. England

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 4, Number 2, April 19SG. Publlshed lluarterly by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, N. Y. Entered as secolld�class matter at the post office at Utica, N. Y. Subscription to nonmembers, $8 per year. Address manuscripts and all editorial correspondenl:e to the Editor-J ulius Postal, p.a. Box 49, B owling Green Station, New York 4, N. Y. Copyright 1956 by the Audio Engineering Society. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1955·56 JULY 1956 VOLUME 4, NUMBER 3

President RICHARD H. RANGER

Executive Vice. President WALTER O. STANTON New Products and New Applications in the Magnetic-Tape and Film Fields - Ernest W. Franck and Edward Schmidt 90 Central Vice· President EWING D. NUNN

Western Vice· President Roy A. LoNG The Radical Tone Arm - An Unconventional Phonograph Pickup Suspension - H. E. Roys and E. E. Masterson 101 Treasurer RALPH A. SCHLEGEL

Secretarv C. J. LEBFL Tweeter Design Considerations - George W. Sioles 105

Past President A. A. PULLEY Free-Field Technique for Secondary Standard Calibration of Microphones -- Arnold L. Seligson 110 GOVERNORS

VICTOR BROCINIlR E;\;lORY G. COOK SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD Comments on the Paper, "On Stylus Wear and Surface Noise in C. ROBIlRT FINE Phonograph Playback System"- D. A. Barlow 116 ERNEST W. FRANCK DONALO J. PLUNKETT Book Reviews 120 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN

Admissions: ERl'EST W. FRANcK Awards : JOHN D. COLVIN Membership Information ; New Members and Changes of Grade 122 Constitution and Bv·Laws: V. J. LIEBLER Convention: WALTER O. STANTON Employment Register: E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Finance: VICTOR BROCINER Highlights of the AES Year ; a Photographic Roundup - lulius Postal 124 Historical: CHESTER A. RACKEY Membership: C. ROBERT PAULSON Nominations : A. A. PULLEY PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Papers Procurement: DONALD J. PLUNKETT CARLETON R. SAWYER, Chairman CLYDE R. KEITH Publications: CARLETON R. SAWYER W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR., Vice· Chairman JULIUS POSTAL Public Relations: SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD F. SUMNER HALL A. A. PULLEY Standards : C. ROBERT FINE GEORGE HORIUCHI RICHARD H. RANGER

Sections Cincinnati New York Columbus San Francisco Editor: JULIUS POSTAL Production Editor: NAOMI POSTAL Indiana Technical Rensselaer PoIv tech nic College (student) Institute (student) Los Angeles Japan Application blanks for membership in the Audio Engineering Society and back numbers of the JOURNAL may be obtained from the Secretary, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. Bt'itish Liaison British Sound Recordinl! Association London W. C. 1, England

Aud o Engineering Society and supplied to Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 4, Number 3, July 1956. Published quarterly by the i and ditorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, all members in good standing. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive e to nonmembers, per year. Address manuscripts New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second·class matter at the post office at Utica, N. Y. SubscriptIOn $8 Station, New York 4, N. Y. and all editorial corre'pondence to the Editor-Julius Postal, P.O. Box 49, Bowling Green Copyright 1957, by the Audio Engineering Society. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1955-56 OCTOBER 1956 VOLUME 4, NUMBER 4

President RICHARD H_ RANGER

Executive Vice-President WALTER O. STANTON

Development of a New Flight-Deck Loudspeaker - P. J. Densberger 138 Central Vice-President EWING D. NUNN

Western Vice-President Some Thoughts on Evaluating Audio Components for the Consumer Roy A. LoNG - Julian D. Hirsch and Milton Weiss 145 Treasurer RALPH A. SCHLEGEL Audio in Salmon Research - Richard H. VanHaagen 151 Secretarv C. J_ LEBEL

Past President The Control of Quality m Phonograph Records - Edward H. Uecke 159 A. A. PULLEY

A Practical Commercial Output-Transformerless Amplifier GOVERNORS - Julius Futterman 163 VICTOR BROCINER EMORY G. COOK SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD Transistor Input Stage for Phonograph Pickups - H. C. Lin 1 68 C. ROBERT FINE ERNEST W. FRANCK DONALD J. PLUNKETT A Professional Approach to Home-Recording Systems -Philip C. Erhorn 176 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Admissions: ERNEST W. FRANCK Transistorized Microphone Preamplifier and Remote Broadcast Awards : JOHN D. COLVIN Mixer-Amplifier- William D. Bevitt 181 Constitution and By-Laws: V. J. LIEBLER Convention: WALTER O. STANTON Employmetlt Register: E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Finance: VICTOR BROCINER Theory of the Bridge Amplifier- John van Heijenoort 185 Historical: CHESTER A. RACKEY Membel·ship : C. ROBERT PAULSON N omillatiolls : A. A. PULLEY PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Papers Procurement: DONALD J. PLUNKETT Publications : CARLETON R. SAWYER CARLETON R. SAWYER, Chairman CLYDE R. KEITH Public Relations: SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR., Vice-Chairman JULIUS POSTAL Standards : C. ROBERT FINE F. SUMNER HALL A. A. PULLEY GEORGE HORIUCHI RICHARD H. RANGER

Sections Cincinnati New York Columbus San Francisco Editor: JULIUS POSTAL Production Editor: NAOMI POSTAL Indiana Technical Rensselaer Polytechnic College (student) Institute (student) Los Angeles Japan Application blanks for membership in the Audio Engineering Society and back numbers of the JOURNAL may be obtained from the Secretary, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. British Liaison British Sound Recordinl! Association London W. C. 1, England

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 4, Number 4, October 1956. Published quat"terly by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Fublication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, X. Y., Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, )Jew York 11, N. Y. Entered as second· class matter at the post office at Ctica, N. Y. Subscriptions to nonmembers, $8 per year. Hereafter address manu::;cripts and all editOl-ial correspondence to George Horiuchi, Columbia Cniversity, 632 \V est 125th Street, New York 27, N. Y. Copyright 1957, hy the Audio Engineering Society. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1956-57 JANUARY 1957 VOLUME 5, NUMBER 1

President WALTER O. STANTON Editorial Comment 3 Executive Vice-President SHERMAN M. F AIRCHlL]) The Audio-visual Requirements of the Overseas Missionary -JIarold Gallina . 4 Celltral Vice-President HENRY J. SCI-IROEDER Mechanical Crossover Characteristics in Dual Diaphragm Loudspeakers Western Vice-President -A braham B. C ohen 11 Ross H. SNYDER Treasure,' Reverberation Chambers for Broadcasting and Recording Studios RALPI-I A. SCIILEGEL -Michael Rettinger . 18 Secretary J. LEBEL C. The Corona Wind Loudspeaker-Gerald Shirley 23 Past President RICIlARD H. RANGER Tape Storage Problems-Frank Radocy 32

BOARD OF GOVERNORS Coincident Sound for Home Movies Provided by Tape Recorders VICTOR BROCINER -James N. Whitaker 36 C. ROBERT FINE LEN FRANK A Survey of Factors Limiting the Performance of Magnetic Recording E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Systems-E. D. Daniel, P. E. Axon, and W. T. Frost 42 CLAIR D. KREPPS DONALIl J. PLUNKETT You Can Write Better Technical Reports-John L. Kent 53 RICHARD H. RANGER Book Review 55 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Ninth Annual Convention of the AES-Tentative Program 56 Admissions: E. V. B. KETTLEMAN NE T FRANCK Awards: ER s W. AES News 58 Conventioll : SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD B. KETTLEMAN Employment Register: E. V. Index to Volume 4 61 Finance: VICTOR BROCINER RAC KEY Histol'ical: C. A. Membership Application 63 Laws and Resolutio,ns: VINCENT J. LlEBLER Lectw'e Course: W. H. OFFENI-IAUSER, JR. Date of Publication: October 4, 1957 Membership: C. RORERT PAULSON Since the statements and opinions which appear in the papers published in this Nominations: RICHARD H. RANGER Journal are expressions of their respective authors, the Society can assume no Papers Procurement: CARL E. WAHNER responsibility for them. Where, however, there exists controversy or disagree­ Publications: D01':ALD J. PLUNKETT ment, the Editor invites correspondence. Public Relations: WILLIA�1 A. SAVORY Sections: GEORGE P. PETETlN Standards: RUBEN E. CARLSON PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE

DONALD J. PLUNKETT, Chairman OFFENllAUSER, JR. Sec/io,ts W. H. PHILIP C. ERHoRK A. A. PULLEY Cincinnati Pittsburgh HELLMUTI-I ETzoLD RICHARD H. RANGER Columbus San Francisco F. SU:\1NER HALL WILLIAM SAVORY Indiana Technical Rensselaer Polytechnic CLYDE R. KEITII CARLETON R. SAWYER College (student) Institute (student) Los Angeles Japan Editor, GEORGE HORIUCI-II New York. Application blanks for membership in the Audio Engineering Society and back numbers of the JOUR1':AL may be obtained from the Secretary, British Liaison P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York.. British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume Number 5, 1, January 1957. Publi,,,,hed quarterly by the Audio Engineering Society ann supplied to all members in good standing. Publication offi. ce, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station New York 11, K. Y. Entered as second class matter at the post offic e at Utir

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1956-57 APRIL 1957 VOLUME 5, NUMBER 2

President WALTER O. STANTON Impedance-Matched or Optimum?-William B. Snow 66 Executive Vice-President SHERMAN M. F AIRCHILD Innovations in Studio Design and Construction in the Capitol Tower Central Vice-Pt'esident Recording Studios-lames W. Bayless 71 HENRY J. SCHROEDER Western Vice-President The Bias Characteristics of Tape Recorders-Frank R ocy Ross H. SNYDER ad and Andreas Kramer . 76 Treasuret· RALPH A. SCHLEGEL The Application of Velocity Microphones to Stereophonic Recording Secretary C. J. LEBEL -E. R. Madsen . 79 Past President RICHARD H. RANGER An In-Line Two-Channel Magnetic Head of Universal Application -Richard Sinott and Melvin Sprinkle 86 BOARD OF GOVERNORS VICTOR BROCINER Practical Aspects of Hot Stylus-Carlos E. R. de A. Moura 90 C. ROBERT FINE LEN FRANK Tape Recorder Flutter: Causes and Effects-Earle F. Travis and E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Lawrence L. La Zelle 94 CLAIRE D. KREPPS DONALD J. PLUNKETT Solution to Some Problems in Making Master Tapes-R. l. Tinkham 99 RICHARD H. RANGER

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Evaluation of Tape Recorders--C. E. Parker 104 Admissions: E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Note on Reverberation Chambers-Michael Rettinger 108 Awards: ERNEST W. FRANCK Convention: SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD Limiting Factors in Gramophone Reproduction-D. A. Barlow 109 Employment Registet·: E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Finance: VICTOR BROCINER Book Reviews 118 Historical: C. A. RACKEY VINCENT J. LIEBLER Laws and Resolutions: Date of Publication: June 10, 1958 Lecture Course: W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR. Membership: C. ROBERT PAULSON Since the statements and opinions which appear in the papers published in this Journal are expressions of their respective authors, the Society can assume no Nominations: RICHARD H. RANGER responsibility for them. Where, however, there exists controversy or disagree­ Papers Procurement: CARL E. WARNER ment, the Editor invites correspondence. Publications: DONALD J. PLUNKETT Public Relations: WILLIAM A. SAVORY Sections: GEORGE p, PETETlN PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Standat'ds: RUBEN E. CARLSON DONALD J. PLUNKETT, Chairman W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR. PHILIP C. ERHORN A. A. PULLEY Sections HELLMUTH ETzoLD RICHARD H. RANGER Cincinnati Pittsburgh F. SUMNER HALL WILLlAM SAVORY Columbus San Francisco CLYDE R. KElTH CARLETON R. SAWYER Indiana Technical Rensselaer Polytechnic College (student) Institute (student) Editor, GEORGE HORlUCHI Los Angeles Japan Application blanks for membership in the Audio Engineering Society New York and back numbers of the JOURNAL may be obtained from the Secretary, British Liaison P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume '5, Kumber 2, April 1957. Published quarterly by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing, Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, p, O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second class Inatter at the post office at Utica, N. Y. Subscription to nonmembers, $8 per year. Address manus':ripts and all editorial correspondence to George Horiuchi, Columbia University, 632 West 125 Street, New York 27, N. y, Oopyright 1958 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science cl! Technology Index, Permission to reprint, in whole or in part, material originally appearing in the Journal must be obtained in writing from the Publications Committee. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1956-57 JULY 1957 VOLUME 5, NUMBER 3 P,'esident WALTER O. STANTON Executive Vice·President SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD Central Vice· President Amplitude Distortion as a Function of Frequency-C. C. Street 120 HENRY J. SCHROEDER Western Vice·President Problems of Bass Reproduction in Loudspeakers-E. M. Villchur 122 Ross H. SNYDER

Treasul'er Concept of a New Magnetic Recording Medium-f. Hel' bert 01'1' 127 RALPH A. SCHLEGEL

Secretary Basic Requirements for a Stereophonic System-Norman H. Crowhurst 129 C. J. LEBEL Past President The Consumer Looks at Standards-Donald M. Bel'k . 135 RICHARD H. RANGER

BOARD OF GOVERNORS A Corner Loudspeaker with Coaxial Acoustical Line-T. S. Korn 138 VICTOR BROCINER C. ROBERT FINE Subjective Discrimination of Pitch and Amplitude Fluctuations in LEN FRANK Recording Systems-A . Stott and P. E. Axon 142 E. V. B. KETTLEMAN CLAIR D. KREPPS Noise in Magnetic Recording Tapes-D. H. Howling 156 DONALD J. PLUNKETT RICHARD H. RANGER The Calibration of Disc Recordings by Light-Pattern Measurements COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN -Po E. Axon and W. K. E. Geddes 167 Admissions : E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Awards: ERNEsT W. FRANcK AES News Convention: SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD By-Laws of the Audio Engineering Society, rne. 178 Employment Register: E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Finance: VICTOR BROCINER Histol'ical: C. A. RACKEY Laws and Resolutions: VINCENT J. LlEBLER Since the statements and opinions which appear in the papers puhlished in this Lecture Course: W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR. Journal are expressions of their respective authors, the Society can assume no Membership: C. ROBERT PAULSON responsibility for them. Where, however, there exists controversy or disagree. ment, the Editor invites correspondence. Nominatiolls: RICHARD H. RANGER Papers Procurement: CARL E. WARNER Publications: DONALD J. PLUNKETT Public Relatio,ns: WILLlAM A. SAVORY Sections: GEORGE P. PETETIN PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Standards: RUBEN E. CARLSON DONALD J. PLUNKETT, Chairman W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR. Sections PHILIP C. ERHORN A. A. PULLEY HELLMUTH KrzOLD RICHARD H. RANGER Cincinnati Pittsburgh F. SUMNER HALL WILLlAM SAVORY Columbus San Francisco CLYDE R. KEITH CARLETON R. SAWYER Indiana Technical Rensselaer Polytechnic College (student) Institute (student) Los Angeles Japan Application blanks for membership in the Audio Engineering Society New York and back numbers of the JOURNAL may be obtained from the Secretary, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. Bl'itish Liaison British Sound Recording Association �I London W. C. 1, England

.Journal of the _\ udio 11�ngine('ring Roc·jet)', Volume 5, Kumber :3, July 1957. PubliRhed quarterly br the Audio Engiueel'ing' Society and supplied to all members , in good standing. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, li tica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station. �f'W York 11, N. Y. Entered as �econd class mutter at the post office at Utica, N. Y. Subscription to nonmembers, $8 per year. Copyright 1959 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Lippli,ed Sci ence & Technology Index. PerTlli ssion to reprint, in ,"h ole 01' in part, material origin ally appearing in the Journal must be obtained in writing from the Publ1cations Committee. Journal of the

AUD IO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

1956-57 OFFICERS FOR OCTOBER 1957 VOLUME 5, NUMBER 4 President WALTER O. STANTON Executive Vice-P" esident SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD Some Notes on Artificial Reverberation-Cm'los E. R. A. Moura and Sergio Lara Campos 182 Central Vice-P" esident HENRY J. SCHROEDER The High-Fidelity User Looks at Pickup Design-fulian D. Hirsch 187 Weste" n Vice-President Ross H. SNYIlER The Consumer's Viewpoint on High Fidelity-Donald M. Berk . 190 Treasurer R.�LPH SCHLEGEL A. Some Defects in Amplifier Performance Not Covered by Standard Secretary Specifications�-Norman H. Crmvhurst 195 C. J. LEBEL

Past President The Design of a High-Fidelity Amplifier for Domestic Lse-T. S. Korn 203 RICHARD H. RANGER

BOARD OF GOVERNORS A Transistor Preamplifier Design for Magnetic Pickups-Harold f. Paz 208 VICTOR BROCINER Problems and Considerations of Tape Duplicating Production C. ROBERT FINE -fulius A. Konins LEN FRANK 214

E. V. B. KETTLEylAN Artificial Reverberation-P. E. Axon, C. L. S. Gilford, and CLAIR D. KREPPS D. E. L. Shorter . 218 DONALD J. PLUNKETT RICHARD H. RANGER Learning, a Major Factor Influencing Preferences for High-Fidelity Systems-Roger E. Kirk 238 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Admissions: E. V. B. KETTLE MAN Book Reviews 242 Awm'ds: ERKEST W. FRANCK Conventio,, : SHERMAN M. FAIRCIlILD Subject Index Employment Register: E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Author Index ii Finance: VICTOR BROCINER Historical: C. A. RACKEY VINCENT LIEBLER Laws and Resolutions: J. Since the statements and opinions which appear in the papers published in this LectUl'e Course: W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR. Journal are expressions of their respective authors, the Society can assume no Membership: C. ROBERT PAULSON responsibility for them. Where, however, there exists controversy or disagree­ Nominations: RICHARD H. RANGER ment, the Editor invites correspondence. Papers Procurement: CARL E. WARNER Publications: DONALD J. PLUNKETT Public Relatio.ns: WILLIAM A. SAVORY Sections: GEORGE P. PETETIN PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Standards: RUBEN E. CARLSON DONALD J. PLUNKETT, Chah'man W. H. OFFENHAUSER, JR. Sections PHILIP C. ERHORN A. A. PULLEY Cincinnati Pittsburgh HELLMUTH ETZOLD RICHARD H. RANGER Columbus San Francisco F. SUMNER HALL WILLIAM SAVORY Indiana Technical Rensselaer Polytechnic CLYDE R. KEITH CARLETON R. SAWYER College (student) Institute (student) Los Angeles Japan Application blanks for membership in the Audio Engineering Society New York and back numbers of the JOURNAL may be obtained from the Secretary, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. British Liaison British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England �1�

Journal 01 the ...\udio Rngilleel'ing Society, Yolume 5. Number 4, October 1957. Published quarterly by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good stand ing. Publication offiee. 104 Liberty St1'eet, utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office', P. O. Box 12, 01d Chelsea Station, Ne\\' York 11. "!':. Y. �ntel'ed ns second ciass matter at the post office at Ut-ica, K. Y. Subscription to nonmembers, $8 per yea}'. Copyright 1959 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the A.pplied Science & Technology Index. Pernlis�i()n to reprint, in whole 01' in part, material original1y appearing in the Journal must he obtai ned in writing from the Publications Committee. Journal of the

ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1957·58 JANUARY 1958 VOLUME 6, NUMBER 1 P,

Westenl Vice·President HERBERT E. FARNI ER Transistorized Magnetic and Photoelectric Input Circuits for Motion Secretat·y Picture Projectors-Stephen F. Bushrnan 4 C. J. LEBEL

T,

BOARD OF GOVERNORS Techniques for Measuring and Evaluating Noise-f, f. Hamrick 19 LEN FRANK CLYDE R. KEITH Variable-Speed Scanning of Recorded Magnetic Tapes-W. S, Latham 26 E, V. B. KETTLEMAN CLAIR D. KREPPS An Analysis of Tape Noise in a lOO-KC Bandwidth-Robert E, Glendon 35 CIIESTER F. SCOTI'

WALTER O. STANTON High Power Transistor Audio Amplifiers-NI arvin B. EMIL P. VINCENT H erscher 42

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN A Continuous Loop Magnetic Tape Cartridge-Bernard A, Cousino A dmissio.lls-E. V. B. KETTLEMAN and Ralph E. Causino 49 A wards-Ross H. SKYDER Conven tion-DoNALD J, Pl.UNKETT Some Observations on Reproduced Sound in an Automobile Employment Register-E. . B. KETTLEMAN -B , A. Schwarz and D. E. BrinkerhafJ 58 Finance-VINcENT J, LIEBLER Historical-C. A. RAC KEY of Lecture Course-F. SUMNER HALL Date publication February 14, 1958

Membership-WALTER O. STANTON Since the statements and opinions which appear in the papers published in this PafJers Procurement-JOH N M. HOlLYWOOD Journal are expressions of their respective authors, the Society can assume no Public Relations-S. M. FAIRCHILD responsibility for them. Where, however, there exists controversy or disagree. Publications-DoNALIJ J. PLUNKETT ment, the Editor invites correspondence. Standards-RuBEN E. C.,o"RLSON

Sections PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Cincinnati Pittsburgh DONALIl J. PLUNKETT, Chairman CLYDE R. KEITH Columbus San Francisco FRANK COMERCI THEODORE LINDENBEI!G Indiana Technical Rensselaer Polytechnic EIlWIN DICKINSON A. A. PULLEY College (stu dent) Institute (student) PT-T iLl]' C. ERI-IORN RICHAHIJ H. RAN(;ER Los Angeles Japan HELL:VILTH ETZOUJ New York E dito,., GEORGE HORIUCHI British Liaison Application blanks for membership in the Audio Engineering Society British Sound Recording Association and back numbers of the JOURNAL may be obtained from the Secretary, London W. C. 1, England P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York.

,joll l'llal of' 11](1 .\ ndio ]<�llg'ill(,l-'l' ing' Rorj(�t.y, \'OlU lllE' 6, �Umh('l' I, �T

AU DIO ENGINE ERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1957·58 APRIL 1958 VOLUME 6, NUMBER 2

President SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD Editorial-C. Horiuchi 66 Executive Vice· President DONALD J. PLUNKETT Binaural and Stereophonic Sound-William H. Ofjenhauser, fr. 67 Central Vice·President H. E. Roys A Compatible System of Stereo Transmission by FM Multiplex Western Vice·President -Murray C. Crosby 70 HERBERT E. FARMER Secretary An Artificial Stereophonic Effect Obtained from a Single Audio Signal C. J. LEBEL -Man/red R. Schroeder 74 Treasurer RALPH A. SCHLEGEL Stereophonic Sound Reproduction in the Home-Harry F. Olson 80

British Patent Specification 394,325-Alan Dower Blumlein 91 BOARD OF GOVERNORS LEN FRANK Is Tape the Ideal Medium for Audio?-Ross H. Snyder 99 CLYDE R. KEITH E. V. B. KETTLEMAN The 'Stereosonic' Recording and Reproducing System-H. A. M. Clark, CLAIR D. KREPPS C. F. Dutton and P. B. Vanderlyn 102 CHESTER F. SCOTT WALTER O. STANTON Stereophonic Sound With Two Tracks, Three Channels By Means of a EMIL P. VINCENT Phantom Circuit (2PH3)-Paul W. Klipsch 118

Stereo-Reverberation-R. Vermeulen 124 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN

Admissions-E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Stereo Tape Standards-Symposium 131 A wards-Ross H. SNYDER COllvention-DoNALD J. PLUNKETT Letter to The Editor 143 Employment Register-E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Finance-VINcENT J. LIEBLER Date of Publication : June 27, 1958 Historical-C. A. RACKEY Since the statements and opinions which appear in the papers published in this Lecture Course-F. SUMNER HALL Journal are expressions of their respective authors, the Society can assume no Membersltip-WALTER O. STANTON responsibility for them. Where, however, there exists controversy or disagree. Papers Procul'ement-JoHN M. HOLLYWOOD ment, the Editor invites correspondence. Public Relations-S. M. FAIRCHILD Publicatiolls-DoNALD J. PLUNKETT PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Stalldat'ds-RuBEN E. CARLSON DONALD J. PLUNKETT, Chairman CLYDE R. KEITH FRANK COMERCI THEODORE LINDENBERG Sections EDWIN DICKINSON A. A. PULLEY Central New York Pittsburgh PHILIP C. ERHORN RICHARD H. RANGER Indiana Technical San Francisco HELLMUTH ETZOLD College (student) Rensselaer Polytechnic Los Angeles Institute (student) Editot·, GEORGE HORIUCH! New York Japan Application blanks for membership in the Audio Engineering Society and back numbers of the JOURNAL may be obtained from the Secretary, Bl'itish Liaison P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

Journal at the ..Audio Engineering Society, Volume 6, Number 2, April 1958. Pub1ished qual'terly hy the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second class matter at the post office at Utica, N. Y. Subscription to nonmembers, $8 per year. Address manuscripts and all editorial corre,pondence to George Horiuchi. Columbia Univer

AUDIO EN61NEERIN6 SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1957-58 JULY 1958 VOLUME 6, NUMBER 3

Presidetll SHERMAK M. FAlRCHILlJ Executive Vice-President The Electrical Production of :;\[usic DONALD J. PLUNKETT --A lan Douglas, Jl!I.l.R.E., M.A.I.E.E 146 Central Vice-Pt'esident Latest Advances in Extra Fine Groove Recordi H. E. Roys ng -Peter C. Goldmark 152 Western Vice-Pt'esident

HERBERT E. FARMER :\Iusical Composition with a High-Speed Digital Computer Secretary -L. A. Hitler, Jr. and L. M. lsaacson 154 C. J. LEBEL Technical Facilities for the Diplomatic Conference Treastlt"er -D. D. Iones 161 RALPH A. SCHr.EGEL Acoustical Aspects of a Speech Communication System Designed for BOARD OF GOVERNORS Operation in High Level Ambient )Joise-Roy C. Klu11lpP and Iohn C. Webster 1 79 LEN FRANK CLYDE R. KEITH Some Basic Aspects of an Information Theory of Music E. V. B. KETTLEMA:--I -A. Moles 184 CLAIR D. KREPPS :\Iylar Polyester Film and Acetate as Base .:vlaterials for Magnetic CHES'rER F. Scorf Recording Tape-D. L. Ormond 187 WALTER O. STANTON EJl.IlL P. VINCENT The Standard Tape as a Professional :\udio Tool-Frank F. Richards 193

A, ),"ew Viscous- Damped Tone Arm Development COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN -Chester A. Snow, II'. 197 Admissions-E. V. B. KETTLEMAN The Processes of Experimental Music A wards-Ross H. SNYDER -Vladimir .-1 . Ussa(hc7Jsky 202 Convention-DoNALD J. PLUNKETT Employment Register-E. V. B. KETTLEYIAN Finance-VINcENT J. LlIlllLER Since the statements and opinions which appear in the papers published in this Historical-Co A. RAC KEY Journal are expressions of their respective authors, the Society can assume no Lecture Course-F. SUYINER HALL responsibility for them. Where, however, there exists controversy or disagree­ ment, the Editor invites correspondence. Membership-WALTER O. STANTON Papers Procurement-JoHN M. HOLLYWOOD

Public Relations-S. M. FAIRCHILD PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Publications-Dor->ALD J. PLUNKETT Standards-RulIEN E. G; 1. WILPON Editorial Assistants : ELIZABETH H. BEAUMONT, ISABELLE EMERsoN New York Japan Southern University (student) Application blanks for membership in the Audio Engineering Society and back numbers of the JOURNAL may be obtained from the Secretary, British Liaison P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1. England

Journal of the Audio E�ngineel'ing Soeiety. Volume 6, Xumher 3, July J 958. Publh:hed quarterly by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second class matter at the post office at Utica, N. Y. Subscription to nonmembers, $8 per year. Address manuscripts and all editorial correspondence to O. J. J� eBel, Box 12. Old Ohelsea Station, New York 11. X. y, Oopyright 1959 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science d! TecMwl.o.gy Index. Permission to reprint , in whole or in part, material originally appearing in the Journal must be obtained in writing from the Publications Committee. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1957-58 OCTOBER 1958 VOLUME 6, NUMBER 4

President SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD Executive Vice-President Constant-S Equalizers-B. D. Solomon and C. S. Broneer . 210 DONALD J. PLUNKETT Central V ice-Pt'esident The Limiting Tracking Weight of Gramophone Pickups for Negligible H. E. Roys Groove Damage-D. A. Barlow . 216 Western V ice-President HERBERT E. FARMER Mismatch Between Power Amplifiers and Loudspeaker Loads Secretary -Daniel R. van Recklinghausen 220 C. J. LEBEL Treasurer RALPH A. SCHLEGEL The Finer Structure of Magnetic Tape: Microscope Studies -Reuben M. Cares, M.D. 225

BOARD OF GOVERNORS LEN PRANK A New Approach to the High Performance Turntable Problem -Rein Narma and E. P. Skov 234 CLYDE R. KEITH E. V. B. KETTLEMAN CLAIR D. KREPPS Application of Negative Impedance Amplifiers to Loudspeaker Systems CHESTER F. SCOTT -R. E. Werner and R. M. Carrell . 240 WALTER O. STANTON EMIL P. VINCENT New Developments in Output-transformerless Amplifiers -J. Rodrigues de Miranda and J. J. Zaalberg van Zelst 244 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Admissions-E. V. B. KETTLEMAN The Audio Engineers Exhibit and Tenth Annual Convention of the Awards-Ross H. SNYDER Audio Engineering Society 251 Convention-DoNALD J. PLUNKETT Employment Register-E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Date of Publication : September 29, 1958

Finance-VINcENT J. LIEBLER Since the statements and opinions which appear in the papers published in this Historical-C. A. RACKEY Journal are expressions of their respective authors, the Society can assume no Lecture Course-F. SUMNER HALL responsibility for them. Where, however, there exists controversy or disagree­ ment, the Editor invites correspondence. Membership-WALTER O. STANTON Papers Pt'ocurement-JoH N M. HOLLYWOOD Public Relations-S. M. FAIRCHILD PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Publications-DoNALD J. PLUNKETT DONALD J. PLCNKETT, Chairman CLYDE R. KEITH Standards-RuBEN E. CARLSON FRANK COMERCI THEODORE LINDENBERG EDWIN DICKINSON A. A. PULLEY Sections PHILIP C. ERHORN RICHARD H. RANGER HELLMUTH ETzOLD Central New York Pittsburgh Indiana Technical San Francisco Editor, GEORGE HORIUCHI College (student) Rensselaer Polytechnic Associate Edito.rs : NORMAN E. CROWHURST, SHELDON I. WILPON Los Angeles Institute (student) Editorial Assistants : ELIZABETH H. BEAUMONT, ISABELLE EMERSON New York Japan Southern University (student) Application blanks for membership in the Audio Engineering Society and back numbers of the JOURNAL may be obtained from the Secretary, British Liaison P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 6, Number 4, October 1958. Published quarterly by the Audio �ngingering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second class matter at the post office at Utica, N. Y. Subscription to nonmembers, $8 per year. Address manuscript� and all editorial correspondence to George Horiuchi, Columbia University, 632 West 125 Street, New York 27, N. Y. Copyright 1958 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science di Technology Index. Permission to reprint, in whole or in part, material originally appearing in the Journal must be obtained in writing from the Publications Committee. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1958-59 JANUARY 1959 VOLUME 7, NUMBER 1

President DONALD J. PLUNKETT Several Problems III Musical Acoustics-Melville Clal'k, II'. 2 Executive Vice-President HARRY L. BRYANT Central Vice-Presiden t Signal-to-Noise Problems and A New Equalization for Magnetic

ARTHuR G. EVANs, JR. Recording of Music-John C. McKnight 5 Western Vice-President VINCENT SALMOK A Survey of Performance Criteria and Design Considerations for High- Secretary Quality Monitoring Loudspeakers-D. E. L. Shorter 13 C. J. LEBEL TreasUl'e,' R. A. SCHLEGEL Performance of Enclosures for Low Resonance High Compliance Loudspeakers-lames F. Novak 29 BOARD OF GOVERNORS SHERMAN FAIRCHILD Analysis of a Low-Frequency Loudspeaker System-Peter W. Tappan 38 CLYDE R. KEITH FRANK E. PONTIUS A Wide-Range Electrostatic Loudspeaker-C harles I. M alme 47 CHESTER F. SCOTT Ross H. SNYDER Book Reviews . 55 WALTER O. STANTOI' S. EDwARD SORENSOI' Letter to the Editor 56 E�1IL P. VINCENT

COMMITTEE CHAIRM EN AES News 57 Admissions-CLYDE R. KEITH A wards-Ross H. SNYDER Index to Volume 6 61 Convention-HARRY L. BRYANT Employment Register-E. V. B. KETTLE'\IAN Final,ce-R. A. SCHLEGEL EDITORIAL BOARD Historical-CHEsTER A. RAC KEY Laws & Resolutions-V. J. LIEBLER FRANK COMERCI CLYDE R. KEITH Membership-WALTER O. STANTON EDWIN DICKINSON THEoDORE LINDENBERG PHlLIP ERHORN A. A. PULLEY Papers Procurement-JoHN M. HOLLYWOOD C. HELLMUTH ETZOLD RICHARD H. RANGER Public R elations-J ACQUELINE HARVEY Sections-DoNALD J. PLUNKETT

Standards-RuBEN E. C,"RLSOK Editor, GEORGE HORIUCIII

SECTIONS Managing Editor, JACQUELINE HARVEY Central New York San Francisco Indiana Technical Rensselaer Polytechnic Associate Editors, NORMAN E. CROWHURST, SHELDON I. WILPON College (student) Institute (student) Southern University Los Angeles Manuscripts and all editorial correspondence should be addressed to (student) New York the Secretary, Audio Engineering Society, Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, Japan Pittsburgh New York 11, New York. Application blanks for membership and back numbers of the JOCRNAL may also be obtained from the Secretary. British Liaison British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

Journal of the Audio t;ngineering Society, Volume 7, Kumbel' 1, January 1959. Publi:-,hed quarterly 1))" the Audio I� ngineering Society and supplied to nU members in good standing'. Publication office, ] 04 Lihcl' ty Street, T�tica, N. Y. Executive and editorial offi(�e, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, Ke\\" York 11, K. Y. Entered as second class nlatter at the IJOst office at Utica, N. Y. Subscription to nonmembers, $8 lle1' year. Copyright 1959 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is. indexed in the Applied Science cf: 'Technology Index. Permission to reprint, in whole or in Plut, material originally appearing in the Joul'llHI mu�t be obtained in writing from the Secretary. Journal of the

AUDIO �NGIN��RING SOCI�TY

OFFICERS FOR 1958-59 APRIL 1959 VOLUME 7, NUMBER 2 President DO:-iALO J. PLUNKETT

Executive Vice-President HARRY L. BRYANT How Much Audio Power ?-Stanle H. Sessions Cetltral Vice-P,'esident y 62 ARTHUR G. EVANS, JR. Westem Vice-President The Distribution of Peak Energy in Recorded Music, and Its Relation VINCENT SALMON to Magnetic Recording Systems-John G. McKnight 65 Secretary C. J. LEBEL Psychoacoustics Applied to Stereophonic Reproduction Systems- Treasure1' 72 R. A. SCHLEGEL Peter C. Goldmark and John M. Hollywood

BOARD OF GOVERNORS Designing a Multi-Purpose Stereo Pre-Amplifier-l. Rodrigues de Mir- SHER�rAN FA IRCHlLD anda and H. v. d. KerckhofJ 75 CLYOE R. KEITH

FRANK E. PONTIUS Time Errors in Magnetic Tape Recording-R oger H. Prager 81 CHESTER F. Scorf Ross H. SNYOER Endless Loop Magnetic Tape Tree-S. W. Liddle 89 WALTER O. STANTON S. EDWARD SORENSON

E�!IL P. VINCE:-

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Standards: Stepchild in the Laboratory-c. E. White 97 Admissio ns-CLYDE R. KEITI-I Awards-Ross H. SNYDER Convention-HARRY L. BRYANT AES News . 101 Employment Register-E. V. B. KETTLEMA N Finance-R. A. SCHLEGEL Historical-CHESTER A. RAC KEY Laws & Resolutions-V. J. LIEBI,ER M embership-WALTER O. STANTON EDITORIAL BOARD HOLLYWOOD Papel'S Procurement-JoHN M. FRANK COMERCI CLYDE R. KEITH Public Relations-JAcQuELINE HARVEY EDWIN DICKINSON THEODORE LINDENBERG Sections-DoNALD J. PLUNKETT PHILIP C. ERHORN A. A. PULLEY LLM T D RA NGER Standards-RuBEN E. CARLSON HE U H ETZOL RICHARD H.

Managing Editor, JACQUELINE HARVEY SECTIONS Central New York San Francisco ssociate Editors : NORMAN H. CROWHURST, SHELDON 1. WILPON Indiana Technical Rensselaer Polytechnic A College (student) Institute (student) Los Angeles Southern University New York (student) Manuscripts and all editorial correspondence should be addressed to Pittsburgh Japan the Secretary, Audio Engineering Society, Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. Application blanks for membership and back numbers of the JOURNAL may also be obtained from the Secretary. British"Liaison British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

Journal of the �," udio Engineering Society, Volume 7, 'Number 2, April 1959. Published quarterly by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication offi ce, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Ohelsea Station, New York 11, N. Y, Entered as second class matter at the post office at Uti ca, N. Y. Subscription to nonmembers, $8 per year. Copyright 1959 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science d! Technology Index. Permission to reprint, in whole or in part, material originally appearing in the Journal must be obtained in writing from the Secretary. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1958-59 JULY 1959 VOLUME 7, NU.\iBER 3 President DONALD J. PLUNKETT

Executive Vice-President Corner Speaker Placement-Paul W. Klipsch 106 HARRY L. BRYANT Central Vice-President Recent Cone Speaker Developments-W. T. Fiala 110 ARTHuR G. EVANS, JR. Western Vice-President Some Thoughts on Geometric Conditions in the Cutting and Playing of VINCENT SALMON Stereodiscs and Their Influence on the Final Sound Picture Secretm'Y C. J. LEBEL -J. L. Ooms and C. R. Bastiaans 115 Treasurer R. A. SCHLEGEL The Deformation of Plastics 'with Hard, Spherical Indentors-D. C. Flom and C. Jl!I. Huggins 122 BOARD OF GOVERNORS

SHERMAN FAIRCHlLD High Speed Tape Duplication Up-To-Date-R. l. Tinkham and R. A. CLYDE R. KEITH Isberg 125 FRANK E. PONTlUS CHESTER F. SCOTT A New Device for the Reduction of Print-Through-Frank Radocy 129 Rass H. SNYOER WALTER O. STANTON Applying the Transistor in a Stereophonic Tape System-Dwight V. lanes 133 S. EoWARD SORENSON E:'YIIL P. VINCENT Automatic Plotting of Cartridge Response-C. P. Cel'mano 135 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Admissions-CLYDE R. KEITH AES News 141 A wards-Rass H. SNYDER Convention-HARRY L. BRYANT Membership Information 144 Employment Register-E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Finance-R. A. SCHLEGEL Histo1'ical-CHEsTER A. RACKEY Laws & Resolutions-V. J. LIEBLER Membership-WALTER O. STANTaN EDITORIAL BOARD Papers Procurement-JoHN HOLLYWOOD M. FRANK COMERCI CLYDE R. KEITH Public Relations-JACQUELlNE HARVEY EDWIN DICKINSON THEoDORE LINDENIlERG Sections-DoNALD J. PLUNKETT PHlLIP C. ERHORN A. A. PULLEY Standards-RuBEN E. CARLSON HELLMUTH ETZOLD RICHARD H. RANGER

SECTIONS Managing Editor, JACQUELlNE HARVEY Central New York San Francisco Associate Editors : NORMAN H. CROWHURST, SHELDON 1. WILPON Indiana Technical Rensselaer Polytechnic College (student) Institute (student) Los Angeles Southern University New York (student) Manuscripts and all editorial correspondence should be addressed to Pittsburgh Japan the Secretary, Audio Engineering Society, Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. Application blanks for membership and back numbers of the JOURNAL may also be obtained from the Secretary. British. Liaison British Sound Recording Association TR""Es "•• coUIOCI' l London W. C. 1, England �..". .'.

Jmun al of the Audio Engineering Society, Yolume 7, �umber 3, July 1959, Published quarterly by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, :I. Y. Entered as second class matter at the post office at Utica, N. Y. Subscription to nonmembers, $8 per year. Copyright 1959 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the AppMed Science d': Technology Index. Permission to reprint, in whole or in part, material originally appearing in the Journal mast be obtained in writing from the Secretary. A U DID Journal of the f) AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY la

OFFICERS FOR 1958-59 OCTOBER 1959 VOLUME 7, NUMBER 4 President DONALD J. PLUNKETT Editorial 146 Executive Vice-President Recent Developments in Stereo Disc Recording-John G. Frayne and HARRY L. BRYANT R. R. Davis 147 Central Vice-President A New Stereo Feedback Cutterhead System-Rein Narnza and N ornzan ARTHuR G. EVANs, JR. J. Anderson 153 Westel'n Vice-President Acoustics of Large Orchestral Studios and Concert Halls-T. Sonzerville VINCENT SALMON and C. L. S. Gilford . 160 Secretary Acoustoelectronic Auditorium-Harry F. Olson . 173 C. J. LEBEL Determination of the Recording Performance of a Tape from Its Mag­ Treasurer netic Properties-Irving Levine and Eric D. Daniel . 181 R. A. SCHLEGEL Magnetic Characteristics of Recording Tapes and the Mechanism of the Recording Process-J. G. Woodward and E. Della Torre 189 BOARD OF GOVERNORS The Noise in Magnetic Recording Which Is a Function of Tape Charac­ SHERMAN FAIRCHILD teristics-Philip Smaller 196 CLYDE R. KEITH Magnetic Tape Recording with Longitudinal Or Transverse Oxide Orien­ tation-Richard F. Dubbe . FRANK E. PONTIUS 203 Evolution of a Successful Spring-Driven, Broadcast-Quality Tape Re­ CHESTER F. SCOTT corder-Albert C. Travis, Jr .. 207 Ross H. SNYDER Stereophonic Sound for the Videotape Recorder-Ross H. Snyder 213 WALTER O. STANTON A Compact, Single-Cabinet, Stereophonic Speaker System-Sidney E. S. EDwARD SORENSON Levy, George W. Sioles, and Victor Brociner . 217 EMIL P. VINCENT A Three-Channel Stereophonic Sound Reinforcement Mixing Console -Philip C. Erhorn 223 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN The Development and Application of Synthetic Reverberation Systems Admissions-CLYDE R. KEITH -Lewis S. Goodjriend and John H. Beaumont . 228 A wards-Ross H. SNYDER Pocket Pagers-L. E. Philipps . 235 Convention-HARRY L. BRYANT 70-Watt Transistorized Public Address Equipment-Robert C. Acker 239 Employment Register-E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Report-Magnetic Modulator Playback Technique for Audio Applica- Finance-R. A. SCHLEGEL tions--Marvin E. Anderson 243 Historical-CHEsTER A. RACKEY Book Review 246 Laws & Resolutions-V. J. LIEBLER Letters to the Editor 246 M embership--WALTER O. STANTON AES News 248 Papers Procurement-JoHN M. HOLLYWOOD EDITORIAL BOARD Public Relations-JACQUELINE HARVEY EditOl'-in-Chief: WALTER H. ERIKSON Sections-DoNALD J. PLUNKETT Managing Editor: JACQUELINE HARVEY Standards-RuBEN E. CARLSON Associate Editors : NORMAN H. CROWHURST, SHELDON I. WILPON Copy Editor: ELEANoR HYDE SECTIONS Assistant Editors Central New York San Francisco FRANK COMERCI MARVIN B. HERSCHER Indiana Technical Rensselaer Polytechnic EDWIN DICKINSON CLYDE R. KEITH College (student) Institute (student) PHILIP C. ERHORN THEODORE LINDENBERG Los Angeles Southern University HELLMCTH ETZOLD A. A. PULLEY New York (student) RICHARD H. RANGER Pittsburgh Japan Manuscripts and all editorial correspondence should be addressed to the Secretary, Audio Engineering Society, Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, British _Liaison New York 11, New York. Application blanks for membership and back numbers of the JOURNAL may also be obtained from the Secretary. British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England �,

Journal of t.h e Audio Engineering Soci"ty, Volume 7, Kumber 4, October 1959. Published quarterly by the Audio Engineering Society and sllpplied to all members in good standing. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Ohel'ea Station, New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second class matter at the post office at Ctica, N. Y. Subscription, to nonmemhers, $8 pcr year. Oopyright 1959 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the AppMed Science d': Technology Index. Permission to reprint, in whole or in part, material originally appearing ill the Journal must he obtained in 'iYl'iting from the Secretary. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1959-60 JANUARY 1960 VOLUME 8, NUMBER 1 President HARRY L. BRYANT Executive V ice-President Progress Report of Panel 1 of the National Stereophonic Radio HARRY F. OLSO:-.l Committee-Charles J. Hirsch 2 Cent"al Vice-President Acoustics of Sound Reproduction in the Home-Harry F. Olson and W. EARL STEWART H erbert Belar 7 Western Vice-President Stereo Disk Problems-Erling P. Skov 12 WALTER T. SELSTEIJ Transistor ac Amplifiers with High Input Impedance: A Survey Secretary -J. A. Ekiss 18 C. J. LEBEL A Suggested Method for Measuring Tape Modulation Noise T" eas!l1'er -James J. Davidson 23 R. A, SCHLEGEL A New Equalization Characteristic for Master Tape Recording BOARD OF GOVERNORS -A . A. Goldberg and Emit L. Torick . 29 WILLIAM S, BACHMAN A Survey of Some ;'\Jew Tubes for Audio Output Applications SHERMAN FAIRCI-IILIJ -Robert E. M oe . 34 FRANK E. PONTIUS Synthetic Reverberator-Harry F. Olson and John C. Bleazey . 37 WILLIAM B. SNOW Design and Development of an Engineering Report-George B. Goodall 41 Ross H. SNYDER Eliminating the Stereo Seat-John Mosely . 46 S. EDwARD SORENSEN WALTER O. STANTON Properties of Base Materials Used for the Manufacture of Magnetic EDGAR M. VILLCHUR Recording Tape-Edward Schmidt 52

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN New York Convention 1959 . 58 Eleventh Annual Convention Program 62 A dmissions-S. EDwARD SORENSEN Letters to the Editor 68 A wards-Ross H. SNYDER Convention-HARRY F. OLSON AES News . 69 Employment Register-E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Current Publications on Audio 72 Exhibits-HARVEY SAMPSON, JR. Finmlce-R. A. SCHLEGEL Historical-CHEsTER A. RACKEY EDITORIAL BOARD Laws Resolutions-V. J. LIEBLER & Editor-in-Chie/: WALTER H. ERIKSON Membership-HARYEY SAMPSON, JR. Managing Edit01': JACQUELINE HARVEY Nominations-DoNALD J. PUYNKETT Associate Edito,'s : NORMAN H, CROWHURST, SHELDON I. WILPON Papers Procurement-JoHN HOLLYWOOD M. Copy Editor: ELEANOR HYDE Public Relations-JACQUELlNE HARVEY

Sections-HARRY L. BRYANT Assistant Editors Standards-EDGAR M. VILLCIIUR FRANK COlvIERCI MARVIN B. HERSCHER EDWIN DICKINSON CLYDE R, KElTH SECTIONS PHlLIP C. ERHORN THEODORE LINDENBERG Central New York San Francisco HELLMUTH ETZOLD A. A. PULLEY Indiana Technical Rensselaer Polytechnic RICHARD H. RANGER College (student) Institute (student) Los Angeles Southern University Manuscripts and all editorial correspondence should be addressed to New York (student) the Secretary, Audio Engineering Society, Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, Pittsburgh Japan New York 11, New York. Application blanks for membership and back numbers of the JOURNAL may also be obtained from the Secretary. British .Liaison British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 8, Xumbel' 1, January 1960. Published quartel'ly by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standin g. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea St.ation, Xew York 11, N. Y. Entered as second class matter at the post office at Vtica, K. Y. Snbscriptions to nonmemhen�, $8 per year. Copyright 1960 b�' the Audio Engineering Society, The Journal is indexed in the AppUed Science

AU DIO �NGIN��RING SOCI�TY

OFFICERS FOR 1959-60 APRIL 1960 VOLUME 8, ?\UMBER 2 President HARRY L. BRYANT Executive Vice-Preside!lt Perception of the Stereophonic Effect as a Function of Frequency HARRY F. OLSON -Willia111 H. Beaubicn and Harwood B. Moore . 76 Central Vice-P" esident Why Stereo? The Philosophy of Multichannel Recording of Music W. EARL STEW ART -John G. McKnight . 87 Western Vice-President Broadening the Area of Stereophonic Percepiion-Benjamin B. Bauet 91 WALTER T. SELSTED Secretary Stereo as an Integral System-Norman H. Crowhurst . 95 C. J. LEBEL The Design and Use of a Double Cardioid Stereophonic Microphone T"easure,' -Anthony Jamroz . 100 R. A. SCHLEGEL The 120-ips Tape Duplicator for Four-Track Commercial Stereo Tapes BOARD OF GOVERNORS -R . /1 . fsberf!, 105 WILLIAM S. BACHMAN Recording Studio and Control Room Facilities of Advance Design SHERMAN FAIRCHILD -Milton T. Putnam 111 FRANK E. PONTlUS Equalized Stereo Preamplifier for Professional Use-Erling P. Skov 120 WILLIAM B. SNOW Ross H. SNYDER Stereophonic Patterns-Benjamin B. Bauer and Georf!,e W. Sioles . 126 S. EDWAIUJ SORENSEN The Tape-Head Relationship in lVIultitrack Recording-Frazer Leslie 130 WALTER O. STANTON Audio Isolation Networks-Henry Korkes . 132 EDGAR M. VILLCHUR

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Manufacture and Use of Double Coated Tape for Continuous Cartridges-Lawrcnce E. Knees 135 Admissions-S. EDwARD SORENSEN Letters to the Editor 139 Aw ards-Ross H. SNYDER Convention-HARRY F. OLSON AES News 141 Employment Register-E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Current Publications on Audio 143 ExMbits-HARVEY SAMPSON, JR. Finance-R. A. SCHLEGEL Historical-CHESTER A. RACKEY Laws & Reso lutions-V. J. LIEBLER EDITORIAL BOARD Membership-HARvEY SAYIPSON, JR. EditOl'-i1J-Chiej: WALTER H. ERlKSOK Nominations-DONALD J. PLUNKETT Managing Edito,-: JACQUELINE HARVEY Papers Procurement-JOHN M. HOLLYWOOD Associate Editor: SHELDON 1. WILPON Public Relations-JACQUELINE HARVEY Copy Editor: ELEANOR HYDE Sections-HARRY L. BRYANT Standm'ds-EDGAR M. VILLCHUR A.ssistant Editors

FRANK COMERCI JOHN G. MCKNIGHT SECTIONS RALPH GLASGAL JOHN PRESTON Central New York San Francisco MARVIN B. HERSCHER EDWARD SCIHIlDT Indiana Technical Rensselaer Polytechnic C. J. LEBEL FHED D. WALDHAUER College (student) Institute (student) Los Angeles Southern University Manuscripts and all editorial correspondeuce should be addressed to �ew York ( student) the Secretary, Audio Engineering Society, Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, Pittsburgh Japan New York 11, New York. Application blanks for membership and back numbers of the JOURNAL may also be obtained from the Secretary. Britislt..Liaison British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

.J ournal of the Audio Eng'ineering Society, Volume 8. Number 2, Apl'il 1960. Published quarterly 1)3' the ..Audio Engineerillg Society and supplied to all members in good sta nding. Publ icati on office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. E xecutiye and editorial oftiee, .P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, �ew York 11, N. Y. Entered as second class mattel' at the post office at t� tica, );,", Y. Subscriptions to nonmemhers, $8 per year. Cop�Tight 1960 hy the Audio Engin eering Society. The Journal is indexed in the ..11Jplied Srien('e re l'pdl 11OloyU Index. PC1'1111S&ion to repl'il'lt, in whole 01' in part, material originally appearing in the JOllrnal mu;:;t he ob1 u ined ill writing from the Sectetary. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1959-60 JULY 1960 VOLUME 8, NUMBER 3

President HARRY L. BRYANT Executive Vice-President HARRY F. OLSON The Frequency Response of Magnetic Recorders for Audio Central Vice-President --John C. McKnight 146 W. EARL STEWART Stereo Disk Problems (Addendum)-Erling P. Skov . 154 Western Vice-President Chemical Analysis of Magnetic Recording Tape-C. V. Green 156 WALTER T. SELSTED Photo-Sensitive Resistor in an Overload-Preventing Arrangement Secretary -J. Rodrigues de Miranda 159 C. J. LEBEL Maximum Peak Velocity Capabilities of the Disk Record -J. W. Stafford . 162 Treasurer A Full-Track, Stereophonic, Magnetic Record-Reproduce Head R. A. SCHLEGEL -Wo S. Latham . 165 BOARD OF GOVERNORS Precise Measurement of Large Dynamic Response Characteristics of WILLIAM S. BAcHMAN Audio Networks-David S. Cochran 169 SHERMAN FAIRCHILD The Use of 3 5-mm Sprocket-Type Magnetic Film in Recording FRANK E. PONTlUS Phonograph Masters-John G. Frayne and J. W. Stafford 172 WILLIAM B. SNOW Some Characteristics of a Variable Transmission Network for Audio Ross H. SNYDER Signals-facob Klapper and Cyril M. Harris 177 S. EDWARD SORENSEN Acoustic Instrumentation for Measurements in the Minuteman Missile WALTER O. STANTON Silo-David N. Keast and George W. Kamperman 180 EDGAR M. VILLCHUR A Signal Biasing Output Transformerless Transistor Power Amplifier -Richard C. Heyser 185 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN The Effect of ac Bias Waveform on Harmonic Distortion in Magnetic Admissions-S. EDWARD SORENSEN Tape Recording-Robert P. Schroeder 192

A wards-Ross H. SNYDER A Low-Distortion Volume Expander for Home Use-R. f. Matthys 199 Convention-HARRY F. OLSON Seventh Annual Western Convention and Exhibit 205 Employment Register-E. V. B. KETTLEMAN AES News 206 Exhibits-HARVEY SAMPSON, JR. Current Publications on Audio . 208 Finance-R. A. SCHLEGEL Historical-CHEsTER A. RACKEY Laws & Resolutions-V. J. LIEBLER Membership-HARvEY SAMPSON, JR. EDITORIAL BOARD Nominations-DoNALD J. PLUNKETT Managing Editor: JACQUELINE HARVEY Papers P" ocurement-JoHN M. HOLLYWOOD Associate Editor: SHELDON I. WILPON Public R elations-JACQUELINE HARVEY Copy Editor: ELEANoR HYDE Sections-HARRY L. BRYANT Standards-EDGAR M. VILLCHUR Assistant Editors

FRANK COMERCI JOHN G. McKNIGHT SECTIONS RALPH GLASGAL JOHN PRESTON Central New York San Francisco MARVIN B. HERSCHER EDWARD SCH�IDT Indiana Technical Rensselaer Polytechnic C. J. LEBEL FRED D. W ALDHAUER College (student) Institute (student) Los Angeles Southern University Manuscripts and all editorial correspondence should be addressed to New York (student) the Secretary, Audio Engineering Society, Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, Pittsburgh Japan New York 11, New York. Applioation blanks for membership and back numbers of the JOURNAL may also be obtained from the Secretary. British Liaison British Saund Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

Journal of the Audio F.ngineering Society, Volume 8, Number ;3 , .J uly 1960. Published quarterly by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second class matter at the post office at Utica, N. Y. Subscriptions to nonmembers, $8 per year. Copyright 1960 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science & Technology Index. Permission to reprint, in whole or in part, material originally appearing in the Journal must be obtained in writing from the Secretary. A U 0 I 0 Journal of the fl AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY •

OFFICERS FOR 1959-60 OCTOBER 1960 VOLUME 8, NUMBER 4

President HARRY L. BRYANT Executive Vice-President HARRY F. OLSON Central Vice-President Portable Facilities for International Conferences-D. D. Jones 210 W. EARL STEWART Western Vice-President Application of Limiter Amplifiers to Stereophonic Signals WALTER T. SELSTED -D. S. McCoy . 220 Secretary Practical Aspects of High-Fidelity Disk Recording. Part 1 C. J. LEBEL -Carlos E. R. A. Moura . 226 T" easurer

R. A. SCHLEGEL Synchronous Audio-Visual Display Techniques-John T. Mullin 236 BOARD OF GOVERNORS High-Resolution Stereo Magnetic Head for Four-Track Application WILLIAM S. BACHMAN -A . A. Sariti 243 SHERMAN FAIRCHILD

DONALD J. PLUNKETT Multichannel Recording for Mastering Purposes-Mort Fujii, George FRANK E. PONTlUS Rehklau, John McKnight, and William Miltenburg 245 WILLIAM B. SNOW Ross H. SNYDER Physical Conditions for Optimum Bass Reflex Cabinets-L . Keibs 258 S. EDWARD SORENSEN Letters to the Editor 269 WALTER O. STANTON EDGAR M. VILLCHUR AES News 270 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Current Publications on Audio 281 A dmissions-S. EDWARD SORENSEN Awards-Ross H. SNYDER Subject Index 287 Convention-HARRY F. OLSON Employment Register-E. V. B. KETTLEMAN Author Index 288 Exhibits-HARVEY SAMPSON, JR. Finance-R. A. SCHLEGEL Historical-CHESTER A. RACKEY Laws & Resolutions-V. J. LlEBLER EDITORIAL BOARD Membership-HARvEY SAMPSON, JR. Nominations-DoNALD J. PLUNKETT WILLIAM S. BACHMAN JOHN G. McKNIGHT Papers Procurement-JoH N M. HOLLYWOOD FRANK COMERCI HARRY F. OLSOK HELLMUTH ETzoLD JOHN PRESTON Public Relations-JACQUELINE HARVEY RALPH GLASGAL EDWARD SCHMIDT Sections-HARRY L. BRYANT MARVIN B. HERsCHER FRED D. W ALDI-IAUER Standards-EDGAR M. VILLCHUR CLYDE R. KEITH SJ-IELDON 1. WILPON C. J. LEBEL SECTIONS Managing Editor: JACQUELlNE HARVEY Central New York San Francisco Indiana Technical Rensselaer Polytechnic Copy Editor: ELEANoR HYDE College (student) Institute (student) Los Angeles Southern University New York (student) Address manuscripts and editorial correspondence to the Secretary, Audio En­ Pittsburgh Japan gineering Society, Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. Mem­ bership information and back copies may also be obtained from the Secretary. British .. Liaison British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

Journal of the Audiu Eng'ineel'ing Society, VoIn,me 8. Number 4. October 1960. Published quarterly by the Audio Enginee-l'illg Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica. N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station. Xew York 11, N. Y. Entered as second class matter at the post office at Utica, N. Y. Subscriptions to nonmembers, $8 per year. Copyright 1960 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science d! Technology Index. Permission to reprint, in whole or in part, material originally appearing in the Journal must be obtained in writing from the Secretary. Journal of t:he

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1960-61 JANUARY 1961 VOLUME 9, NUMBER 1

President HARRY F. OLSON Executive Vice-President HERMoN H. SCOTT What is Psychoacoustics?-Gerard G. Harris 2 Central Vice-President Effect of System Parameters on the Stereophonic Effect-Harwood B. L. R. BGRROUGHS AIoore 7 Western Vice-President PELL KRUTTSCHNITT Distortion of Auditory Perspective Produced by Interchannel Mixing at Secretary High and Low Audio Frequencies-Donald S. McCoy 13 C. J. LEBEL Subjective Evaluation of Factors Affecting Two-Channel Stereophony- Treasurer F. K. Harvey and AI. R. Schroeder 19 R. A. SCHLEGEL Listening Tests Methods and Evaluation-K. Schjonneberg and F. Dlson 29 BOARD OF GOVERNORS The :Magnetic Tape Recording Process in Terms of the Preisach Repre- Wn.LIA'>' S. BACHMAN sentation-G. Schwantke 37 HARRY L. BRYANT Experimental Determination of the Effectiveness of Microphone Wind MURRAY G. CROSBY Screens-John C. Bleazey 48 SHER�'IA " M. FAIRCHILD Loudspeaker Testing in Rooms-William B. Snow 55 JOH:"I M. HOLLYWOOD Practical Aspects of High-Fidelity Disk Recording. Part 2-Carlos DONALD J. PLUNKETT E. R. A. AIoura 60 M. R. SCHROEDER WILLIAM B. SNOW Special Section: Fall Convention 1960 67 EDGAR VILLCHUR AES Awards 72

COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Complete Convention Program 76 A dmissions-WILLIA�r S. BACH MAN Preprints 1960 Fall Convention Papers 90 A wards-Ross SNYDER Membership Information 92 Convention-HER'>ION H. SCOTT Letters to the Editor 94 Exhibits-HARYEY SA'>' PSON, JR. Section Meeting Reports 95 N1URRAY G. CROSBY Sound Track 96 Finance-R. A. SCHLEGEL Historical-CHESTER A. RAC KEY Laws & Resolutions-V. J. LIEBLER Membership-M. R. SCHROEDER No.minations-HARRY L. BRYANT EDITORIAL BOARD Papers P" ocurement-TROY BRAINARD WILLlAM S. BACHMAN C. J. LEBEL Public R elatiotls-JACQUELlNE HARVEY FRAN K COMERCI JOHN G. McKNIGIIT Sections-L. R. BURROUGHS NORMAN H. CROWHURST HARRY F. OLSON HELLMUTH ETZOLD JOHN PRESTON Standm'ds-EDGAR .\1. VILLCHUR RALPH GLASGAL EoWARD SCHMlDT Sustaining il'Iemberships­ MARVIN B. HERSCHER FRED D. W ALDHAUER DONALD J. PLUNKETT CL YOE R. KEITH SHEI ,DON I. WILPON

SECTIONS Managing Editor: JACQUELlNE HARVEY Indiana Technical San Francisco Copy Editor: ELEANOR HYDE College (student) Rensselaer Polytechnic Los Angeles Institute (student) New York Southern University Address manuscripts and editorial correspondence to the Secretary, Audio En­ Pittsburgh (student) gineering Society, Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. Mem­ Japan bership information and back copies may also be obtained from the Secretary. Britis/: Liaison British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

Journal of the Audio Bllgineel'illg S()'ciety! Volume 9, ,Kumbel' 1, January 1961. PubHshed quarterly by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publicatio'll office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second class matter at the post office at Utica, N. Y. Subscriptions to nonmembers. $8 per year. Copyright 1961 by >the Audio Engineering Society, The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science d! Technorogy Index. Permission to reprint. in whole or in part, material originally appearing in the Journal must be obtained in writing from the Secretary. Journal of the

AUDIO ENGI NEERING SOCIETY

OFFICERS FOR 1960-61 APRIL 1961 VOLUME 9, NUMBER 2

President HARRY F. OLSON Executive Vice-President The Effect of Bias Amplitude on Output at Very Short Wavelengths HERMON H. SCOTT --John G. McKnight 98 Central Vice-President Tape Duplicating Systems for Talking Book Program-So Himmelstein 102 L. R. BURROUGHS Western Vice-P" esident Visible Magnetic Recordings-W. P. Guckenbul'g and C. D. Mee 107 PELL KRUTTSCHNITT Some Aspects of Wear and Calibration of Test Records Secretary -Roger A nderson III C. J. LEBEL T" easure,' Reproduction Distortion-Its Measurement and Influence on Stereo R. A. SCHLEGEL Phonograph Cartridge Design-Philip Kantrowitz 115 BOARD OF GOVERNORS The Design of Low-Noise Transistor Audio Amplifiers WILLIAM S. BACHMAN -James W, Halligan 120 HARRY L. BRYANT High Quality High Reliability Amplifiers for Speech Input Systems MURRAY G. CROSBY -James J. Noble 126 SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD JOHN M. HOLLYWOOD Delay Line for Stereophonic Broadcasting-R . E. LafJert·y 134 DONALD J. PLUNKETT A Stereophonic Transmission System for AM Broadcasting M. R. SCHROEDER -John M. Hollywood and jvlarvin Kronenberg 140 WILLIA:VI B. SNOW The Electrostatic Earphone-W. T. Selsted 145 EDGAR VILLCHUR Stereophonic Earphones and Binaural Loudspeakers-B . B, Bauer 148 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Admissions-WILLIA�1 S. BACH MAN A High Sensitivity Power Pentode Using the "Shadow Grid" Technique A wards-Ross SNYDER -J. W. Tl'autwein and C. D. McCool 152 Convention-HERylON H. Scorf Report on Audio Equipment in Education 158 Exhibits-HARVEY SAMPSON, JR. Letters to the Editor 166 MURRAY G. CROSBY Finance-R. A. SCHLEGEL Section :vIeeting Reports 172 Historical-CHESTER A. RAC KEY Sound Track . 173 Laws & Resolutions-V. J. LIEBLER Membership-M. R. SCHROEDER ::Ylembership Information 174 No,minations-HARRY L. BRYANT Papers P" ocurement-TRoy BRAINARO EDITORIAL BOARD Public Relations-JACQUEI.INE HARVEY Sections-L. R. BURROUGHS WILI.IAM S. BACHMAN C. J. LEBEL FRANK COMERCI JOHN G. McKNIGHT Standards-EDGAR M. VILLCHUR NORMAN H. CROWHURST HARRY F. OLSON Sustaining Memberships­ HELLMUTH ETzOLD JOHN PRESTON DONALD J. PLUNKETT RALPH GLASGAL EowARO SCHMIDT MARVIN B. HERSCHER FRED D. WALDHAUER SECTIONS CL YOE R. KEITH SHELDON I. WILPON Indiana Technical San Francisco College (student) Rensselaer Polytechnic Managing Editor: JACQUEI.INE HARVEY Los Angeles Institute (student) Copy Editor: ELIZABETH BRAHAM New York Southern University Pittsburgh ( student) Address manuscripts and editorial correspondence to the Secretary, Audio En­ Japan gineering Society, Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. Mem­ British Liaison bership information and back copies may also be obtained from the Secretary. British Sound Recording Association London W. C. I, England

Journal of the Audio ]�J;l.gineerillg Society, Volume D, Number 2, April 1�)f)1. rublished quarterly h;i" the Audio RnginE'ering Soeiety and :':.uPIJlied to all members in good standing. Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second class matter at the post office at "Ctica, X. Y. Rubse1'illtionH to nonmembers, $11 J)('1' year. Copyright 1961 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science cl: Technology Index. Permission to repri:tlt, in whole or in part, material originally appearing in the Journal must be obtained in writing from the Secretary. Journal of the A U D I 0

AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY n •

OFFICERS FOR 1960-61 JULY 1961 VOLUME 9, NUMBER 3 President HARRY F_ OLSON Acoustic Considerations in the Design of Recording Studios Executive Vice-President HERMOI' H. SCOTT -M. Rettinger 178 Central Vice-PI'esident Sound Control Techniques for the Legitimate Theatre and Opera L. R. BURROUGHS -Harold Burris-Meyer and Vincent Mallory 184 Western Vice-President PELL KRUTTSCHNlTT Reverberation System for Home Entertainment Equipment Secl'etary -Harrison E. Dow and Maurice E. Swift 187 C. J. LEBEL "Colorless" Artificial Reverberation-M. R. Schroeder and B. F. Logan 192 Treasure," R. A. SCHLEGEL Artificial Reverberation Facilities for Auditoriums and Audio Systems -C. R. Crane and C. A. Brookes 198 BOARD OF GOVERNORS Sonic Window in the Ocean-Daniel W. Painter, II 205 WILLIAM S. BACHMAN HARRY L. BRYANT A Modern Acoustic Missile Launch Locator, the AN/TNS-5 MURRAY G. CROSBY -R. M. Carrell and R. Richter 208 SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD Design of a Stereophonic Pickup Cartridge-C. A. Morrell, Jr. 215 JOHN M. HOLLYWOOD DONALD J. PLUNKETT The Use of Polyester Films in Microphone Designs-Alexis Badmaie ff 218 M. R. SCHROEDER Broadcasting Closed Circuit and Via Public Transmission Channels WlLLIAM B. SNOW Through Master Control Facilities in the Loeb Student EDGAR VILLCHUR Center, New York University-Werner Freitag 225 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Obituaries 230 Admissions-WILLIAM S. BACHMAN Letters to the Editor 232 A wards-Ross SNYDER Convention-HERMoN H. SCOTT Book Reviews 238 Exhibits-HARVEY SAMPSON, JR. Section :Meeting Reports 240 MURRAY G. CR SBY O Membership Information 244 Fittance-R. A. SCHLEGEL Historical-CHESTER A. RACKEY Sound Track 248 Laws & R esolutions-V. J. LIEBLER West Coast Convention 252 Membel·ship-M. R. SCHROEDER No.minations-HARRY L. BRYANT Papers Procurement-JoHN M. HOLLYWOOD EDITORIAL BOARD Public R elations-J ACQUELINE HARVEY WILLIAM S. BACH MAN C. J. LEBEL Sections-L. R. BURROUGHS FRANK COMERCI JOHN G. McKNlGHT Standards-EDGAR M. VlLLCHUR NORMAN H. CROWHURST HARRY F. OLSON HELLMUTH ETzOLD JOHN PRESTON Sustaining Memberships- RALPH GLASGAL EDWARD SCHMIDT DOI'ALD J. PLUNKETT MARVIN B. HERSCHER FRED D. WALDHAUER SECTIONS CLYDE R. KEITH SHELDON 1. WILPON

Indiana Technical San Francisco Managing Editor: JACQUELINE HARVEY College ( student) Rensselaer Polytechnic Production Edito.r: IRc\IA VAN STEENBURGI-l Los Angeles Institute ( student) New York Southern University Copy Editor: ELIZABETH BRA HAM Pittsburgh ( student) Japan Address manuscripts and editorial correspondence to the Secretary, Audio En­ gineering Society, Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. Mem­ British Liaisoll bership information and back copies may also be obtained from the Secretary. British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

Journal of the Audio Engineering Society. Yolume g, Xumber 3. July 1961. Puhlished quarterly by the Audio Eng'ineel'illg Soeiety and supplied to all members in good standing . Publication office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Ohelsea Station, New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second class m atter at the post office at "Gtica, 2\. Y. Subscriptions to nonmembers, $11 per year. Copyright 1961 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the Applied Science

OFFICERS FOR 1960·61 OCTOBER 1961 VOLUME 9, NUMBER 4

President HARRY F. OLSON Executive Vice·President HERMOI': H. SCOTT A Study of Interference Effects in Magnetic Recording Central Vice. President -I. C. Woodward and M. Pradervand 254 L. R. BURROUGHS Western Vice·President Automatic Tape Reversing Mechanism for Continuous Play of Four PELL KRUTTSCHNITT Track Stereo Tapes-A L. Berg and K. M. Williamson 258 Secretary Amplitude Control of Loudspeaker Cone Motion in the Resonance C. J. LEBEL Frequency Range-W alter C. Trautman , 260 Treasurer R. A. SCHLEGEL A New Tool for the Exploration of Unknown Electronic Music 264 BOARD OF GOVERNORS Instrument Performances-Harald Bode . WILLIAM S. BACHMAN European Electronic Music Instrument Design-Harald Bode 267 HARRY L. BRYANT Electronic Production of Percussive Sounds-Herb H eame 270 MURRAY G. CROSBY New Trends for Stereo Recording Consoles-Philip C. Erhorn 272 SHERMAN M. FAIRCHILD A Small Unidirectional Dynamic Probe Microphone-Ernest Seeler 276 JOHN M. HOLLYWOOD DONALD J. PLUNKETT Personal Microphones-H, F. Olson, I. Preston and I, C. Bleazey 278 M. R. SCHROEDER The Transmission of Room Information-Klaus Wendt 282 WILLIAM B. SNOW EDGAR VILLCHUR ANew Reverberation Device for High Fidelity Systems -H. E. Meinema, H. A. lohnson and W, C. Laube, Jr. 284 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Design Considerations of Portable Transistorized Public Address Admissions-WILLIAM S. BACH MAN Systems-loel lulie 290 A wards-Ross SNYDER Convention-HERMoN H. SCOTT Book Review . 322 Exhibits-HARVEY SAMPSON, JR. Section Meetings 323 MURRAY G. CROSBY Finance-R. A. SCHLEGEL Membership Information 328 Historical-CHEsTER A. RACKEY Subject and Author Index 330 Laws & Resolutions-V. J. LIEBLER Membership-M. R. SCHROEDER No.minations-HARRY L. BRYANT Papel's P,'ocurement-J oHN M. HOLLYWOOD EDITORIAL BOARD Public Relations-JACQUELINE HARVEY WILLIAM S. BACHMAN C. J. LEBEL Sections-L. R. BURROUGHS FRANK COMERCI JOHN G. McKNIGHT Standards-EDGAR M. VILLCHUR NORMAN H. CROWHURST HARRY F. OLSON Sustaining 111embe rships- HELLMUTH ETzOLD JOHN PRESTON RALPH GLASGAL EDWARD SCHMIDT DONALD J. PLL'NKETT MARVIN B. HERSCHER FRED D. WALDHAUER SECTIONS CLYDE R. KEITH SHELDON I. WILPON San Francisco Indiana Technical Managing Editor: JACQUELINE HARVEY College (student) Rensselaer Polytechnic Production Edito.r: IRMA VAN STEENBURGH Los Angeles Institute (student) New York Southern University Copy Editor: ELIZABETH BRAHAM Pittsburgh (student) Japan Address manuscripts and editorial correspondence to the Secretary, Audio En­ British Liaison gineering Society, Box 12, Old Chelsea Station, New York 11, New York. Mem· bership information and back copies may also be obtained from the Secretary. British Sound Recording Association London W. C. 1, England

Journal of the Audio Engineering Soc�ety, Volume 9, �umber 4, October 1961. Puhlished qUtlrterly by the Audio Engineering Society and supplied to all members in good standing. Publicatwn office, 104 Liberty Street, Utica, N. Y. Executive and editorial office, P. O. Box 12, Old Ohelsea Station. New York 11, N. Y. Entered as second class matter at the post office at Uti ca, N. Y. Subscriptions to nonmembers, $11 per year. Oopyright 1961 by the Audio Engineering Society. The Journal is indexed in the A.pplied Science et Technorogy Index. Permission to reprint. in whole or in part. material originally appearing in the Journal must be obtained in writing from the Secretary.