Sindh, Pakistan

Fish diversity in relation to physcio-chemical properties of Keenjhar Lake (District, Thatta), Sindh, Pakistan

A.L. Korai, G.A. Sahato and K.H. Lashari.

Department of Fresh Water Biology and Fisheries, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.

Abstract: Present study deals with fish diversity and physico-chemical properties of Keenjhar Lake. 51 species were recorded during, January to December 2005 higher than that of previous observations. Various physico-chemical properties such as (Temperature, pH, Alkanity, D.O, Salinity, Conductivity, T.D.S, Chloride, Transparency and Hardness) were recorded on monthly basis from Keenjhar Lake, district, Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan which ranged between 31±0.82 to 22±0.82ºC, 8.73±0.09 to 7.63±0.17, 256.6±25.32 to 177.3±11.14 mgL-1, 9.16±0.24 to 7.2±0.14 mgL-1, 0.23±0.047 to 0.01±0.04 ‰, 302.33±13.57 to 172.3±10.84 µscm-1, 358.33±23.21 to 218.33±11.78 mgL-1, 187.23±19.69 to 114.73±18.5 mgL-1, 73.33±11.89 to 42.33±6.34 cm and 338.33±8.49 to 130±8.16 mgL-1, respectively which were suitable for growth of flora and stocking of fish species.

Key words: Fish diversity, Keenjhar Lake, Physico-chemical properties

INTRODUCTION body of water that generate residential wastes, untreated or partially treated sewage, agricultural Keenjhar Lake was created by providing a link runoff, urban pollutants, and so forth. Sewage or between two natural lakes “Keenjhar” and “Sunheri” residential wastes, consisting largely of chemical ‘Green; and ‘Golden’. Keenjhar and Sunheri were two containing detergents, which may change entire smaller depressions which were joined in 1958 by physico-chemical properties of water. The flow of dynamiting the separating hills to make one lake, the excessive nutrients in the water may over stimulate the “Kalri Lake”. Again in 1972 was renamed as growth of algae, these create condition that “Keenjhar Lake” an artificial and tropical lake[15]. It is interference with the recreational use of lakes and situated nearly 120 km from Karachi, between 24° adversely affect the aquatic biota[25]. Estimation of 47N. Lat. and 68° 2, E. Long [5]. This Lake is 17 miles water quality is among frequently conducted research long (Fig. 1). It receives water from river Indus by the activities in Sindh[21,3,4,18,10,20,12,14,13] however less attempts canal called “Kalri Baghar Feeder”, originating from have been noticed on Keenjhar Lake. Ghulam Muhammad Barrage. The minimum depth of Keenjhar Lake is important for different aspects the Lake is 4 meters and maximum depth is 9 meters such as, the source of drinking water, irrigation and and average depth of Lake is 7 meters. wild life purpose and a potential source of cheap diet The study of fish and their stability is important. rich in protein. Fish population of any given aquatic habitat can vary There fore present study have been conducted for significantly from year to year. Consequently, it exploration of fish diversity and physico-chemical would be necessary for this experiment was carried out properties of Keenjhar Lake district, Thatta, Sindh, for several consecutive years if it is to be truly useful. Pakistan. The stability of fish is of profound importance due to urgent need of environmental management to know MATERIAL AND METHODS how much fish population naturally change over time[25]. Water and fish samples were collected from three Modest numbers of research activity have been stations of Keenjhar Lake 1. Sunheri, Inlet water conducted on the fishes of Keenjhar Lake[22,1,21,3]. One source from by canal Kalri Bhaggar feeder 2. Helaya, of the most important crises of 21st century is the main boat basin, middle of Lake 3. Khumbo, out let of scarcity of drinking water. Most of the fresh water Lake, during January to December 2005 on monthly bodies the world over are becoming polluted, thus basis. Samples were collected from catch of fisher-men decreasing the portability of water. Pollution is from three stations of Keenjhar Lake, by gill netting of accelerated as a result of human activities near or in a

Corresponding Author: Abdul Latif Korai., Mailing add: Department of Fresh Water Biology and Fisheries, University of Sindh Jamshoro. Sindh Pakistan. E-mail: [email protected] Phone #: +92 (0)22-2771681-90 Ex: 2025. 1 Res. J. Fish. & Hydrobiol., 3(1): 1-10, 2008

Fig. 1: Showing selected station from Keejhar Lake. small mesh size (2.0-2.5 cm). Samples were preserved RESULTS AND DISCUSSION in 10% formalin; 5 cc of formalin was injected in the belly of fish with disposable syringe (BD), packed in Results: In present observation 51 species among them polythene bags and brought into laboratory, Department 30 species were most popular as food as well as game of Fresh Water Biology and Fisheries, University fishes and posse’s high economical value. Identified of Sindh Jamshoro. Fish samples were identified fishes including 2 exotic, 19 species belonging to with[6,16,17,9]. family Cyprinidae., 6 species belonging to family Bagridae., 4 species belonging to family Channidae., 3 For determination of physico-chemical properties of species belonging to family Mastacembelidae., 2 Lake one liter of surface water was collected from [2] belonging to each family Clupeidae, family each station, standard method was followed to Notopteridae, family Siluridae, family Schilbeidae, determine physico-chemical properties mostly the family Chandidae, family Nandidae and family samples were collected in morning time, from selected Belontidae., 1 specie belonging to family Gobidae, three stations. family Claridae, family Heteropneusitidae, family Temperature was measured by mercury Belonidae and family Cichlidae. thermometer; pH was measured by Orion model 420 pH meter, sample for determination of Dissolve oxygen Physico-Chemical Properties: (D.O) was collected in color bottles and was Temperature: Recorded temperature during study determined by Winkler’s method adopted from[24], period January-December 2005, ranged between 22- Conductivity and T.D.S. was determined by WTW LF 31

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Fig. 2: Showing monthly variation of Temperature from Keenjhar Lake.

Fig. 3: Showing monthly variation of Transparency from Keenjhar Lake.

Fig. 4: Showing monthly variation of Dissolve Oxygen from Keenjhar Lake. ranged between 36 cm up to 67 cm in month of from 7.8 mg L-1 in September till December January and September respectively. Station no: 2 8.9 mg L-1. Form station no: 2 in January and February which ranged between 38 to 78 cm in months of were 8.5 and 8.3 mg L-1 respectively, slight increase February and August respectively, station no: 3 ranged after decreasing in March 7.1 up to 7.7 mg L-1 in May, between 51 to 85 cm in months of January to August 7.6 and 7.1 mg L-1 in June and July respectively starts respectively (Fig. 3). increasing up to December from 8.1 to 9.1 mg L-1. From station no: 3 starts decreasing from 8.9 to Dissolve Oxygen (DO): Concentration of dissolve 7.4 mg L-1 from January to April, in May concentration oxygen from station no: 1 was 8.6 mg L-1 in the month of D.O. was 7.5 mg L-1 starts decreasing to July 7.3 of January decreased to 7.2 mg L-1 in April than slight mg L-1, in August was 7.4 increases up to December increase has shown in May 7.8 mg L-1 than continues 9.5 mg L-1 (Fig. 4). decreasing up to August 7.4 mg L-1, starts increasing

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Fig. 5: Showing monthly variation of Conductivity from Keenjhar Lake.

Fig. 6: Showing monthly variation of Salinity from Keenjhar Lake.

Fig. 7: Showing monthly variation of Total Dissolves Solids from Keenjhar Lake.

Conductivity: In station no: 1 conductivity starts 180 µs cm-1 in month of September, 240 µs cm-1 was decreasing from January 320 µs cm-1 up to July 142 µs observed in October, continues increasing till December cm-1, increases in August 190 µs cm-1, continues 290 µs cm-1. The seasonal fluctuation of conductivity increasing from September 157 µs cm-1 up to from station no: 3 were continuously decreased from December 270 µs cm-1. From station no: 2 in January January 300 µs cm-1 up to September 180 µs cm-1, than conductivity was 287 µs cm-1, slight increase 298 µs increase in October 185 µs cm-1 to December 280 µs cm-1, starts decreasing from 298 µs cm-1 in April up to cm-1 (Fig. 5).

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Salinity: Salinity seems variable through out study Hardness: Minimum value of hardness was 120 period from selected stations. Minimum salinity 0.05‰ mg L-1 in January and maximum 330 mg L-1 from was observed in February and maximum salinity 0.3 ‰ station no: 1. Minimum 140 mg L-1 in January and was observed in April and September from station maximum 370 mg L-1 in September from station no: 2, no: 1. Minimum salinity 0.1 ‰ was observed in from station no: 3 minimum 130 mg L-1 was months of January, April, October and December, and recorded in January, maximum 355 mg L-1 in maximum salinity 0.3 ‰ was observed in March and September (Fig. 11). June form station no: 2. From station no: 3 minimum salinity was recorded as 0.1 ‰ in months of January Systematic Account of Fishes: and February, and maximum 0.3 ‰ in May and October (Fig. 6). SUPER CLASS GNATHOSTOMATA. CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII. Total Dissolve Solids (T.D.S): From station no: 1 the SUB CLASS NEOPTERYGII. minimum value of T.D.S was 190 mg L-1 in January INFRA CLASS TELEOSTEI. and maximum was 390 mg L-1 in July. The minimum SUPER ORDER CLUPEOMORPHA. 210 mg L-1 was recorded in January and maximum was ORDER CLUPEIFORMES. 350 mg L-1 in month of July from station no: 2. FAMILY CLUPEIDAE. Maximum 350 mg L-1 was recorded in August and Gudusia chapra (Hamilton). minimum was 210 mg L-1 in December from station Gudusia variegata (Day). SUPER ORDER OSTEOGLOSSOMORPHA. no: 3 (Fig. 7). ORDER OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES. FAMILY NOTOPTERIDAE. pH: Minimum value of pH 7.8 in July and maximum Chitala chitala (Hamilton). was 8.8 in January from station no: 1. Minimum value 4. Notopterus notopterus (Pallas). 7.7 in September, maximum 8.8 in January was SUPER ORDER OSTARIOPHYSI. recorded from station no: 2. Minimum value was 7.4 ORDER CYPRINIFORMES. and maximum 8.6 was recorded in October and FAMILY CYPRINIDAE. January respectively from station no: 3. pH was SUB FAMILY BARBINAE. affected by temperature, salinity and alkalinity (Fig. 8). 5. Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton). 6. Catla catla (Hamilton). Alkalinity: Alkalinity range between 175 mg L-1 to -1 7. Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton). 252mg L in month of July to December from station 8. Labeo calbasu (Hamilton). -1 no: 1. Minimum 192 mg L was recorded in July, 9. Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch). -1 maximum 287 mg L from station no: 2. Minimum 10. Labeo rohita (Hamilton). -1 -1 165 mg L and maximum 258 mg L were recorded 11. Labeo bata (Hamilton-Buchanan). in months of July and February respectively from 12. Puntius ticto (Hamilton). station no: 3 (Fig. 9). 13. Systomas sarana (Hamilton). 14. Labeo sindensis (Day). Chloride: Minimum value of chloride was 15. Labeo gonius (Hamilton). -1 118.78 mg L in December and maximum 210.7 16. Puntius stigma (Hamilton). -1 mg L in June from station no: 1. Minimum from 17. Osteobrama cotio (Day). station no: 2 were 105.8 mg L-1 in January and SUB FAMILY CYPRININAE. maximum 220.6 mg L-1 in May. In station no: 3 * 18. Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus). minimum 80.83 mg L-1 in October and maximum SUB FAMILY RASBORINAE. 162.5 mg L-1 in June (Fig. 10). 19. Chela laubuca (Hamilton). The results of chloride were identical during 20. Salmophasia bacaila (Hamilton). study from all stations. From station no: 1 21. Devario devario (Hamilton). alternate increase than decrease form January to 22. Rasbora daniconius (Hamilton). May, than elevated in June, than lowered down 23. Esomus danricus (Hamilton). to December. The maximum value was observed ORDER SILURIFORMES. in May and decreased in a manner to April from FAMILY BAGRIDAE. station no: 2. The results from station no: 3 was SUB FAMILY RITINAE. seemed in sequence low in January continuously 24. Rita rita (Hamilton). increasing up to June in a gradual steps, SUB FAMILY BAGRINAE. lowered down to October and starts increasing 25. Mystus cavasius (Hamilton). till December. 26. Sperata seenghala (Sykes).

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Fig. 8: Showing monthly variation of pH from Keenjhar Lake.

Fig. 9: Showing monthly variation of Alkalinity from Keenjhar Lake.

Fig. 10: Showing monthly variation of Chloride from Keenjhar Lake.

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Fig. 11: Showing monthly variation of Hardness from Keenjhar Lake.

27. Mystus bleekeri (Day). SUB ORDER GOBIOIDEI. 28. Mystus gulio (Hamilton). FMAILY GOBIIDAE. 29. Mystus vittatus (Bloch). SUB FAMILY GOBIINAE. FAMILY SILURIDAE. 45. Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton). 30. Ompok pabda (Hamilton). FAMILY BELONTIDAE. 31. Wallago attu (Schneidr). SUB FAMILY TRICHOGASTERINAE. FAMILY SCHILBEILIDAE. 46. Colisa faciata (Schneidr). SUB FAMILY SCHILBEINAE. 47. Colisa lalius (Hamilton). 32. Clupisoma garua (Hamilton). ORDER CHANNIFORMES. 33. Eutropiichthys vacha (Hamilton). SUB ORDER CHANNOIDEI. FAMILY CLARIIDAE. FAMILY CHANNIDAE. 34. Clarias batrachus (Linnacus). 48. Channa punctata (Bloch). FAMILY HETEROPNEUSTIDAE. 49. Channa marulius (Hamilton). 35. Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). 50. Channa striata (Bloch). SUPER ORDER ACANTHOPTERYGII. 51. Channa gachua (Hamilton). ORDER BELONIFORMES. * Exotic fishes identified from Keenjhar Lake. SUB ORDER BELONOIDEI. FAMILY BELONIDAE. Discussion: Keenjhar Lake is significant intended for 36. Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton). different aspects such as resource of drinking water, ORDER SYNBRANCHIFORMES. irrigation, flora, fauna and source of fishery SUB ORDER MASTACEMBELOIDEI. production.[22] has recorded 33 fish species comprising FAMILY MASTACEMBELIDAE. 24 genera and 14 families.[1] has recorded 39 fish SUB FAMILY MASTACEMBELINAE. species[21] has recorded 46 fish species. Consequently 37. Mastacembelus armatus (Lecepede). present studies have been conducted for investigation 38. Mastacembelus pancalus (Hamilton). of fish diversity and physico-chemical properties of 39. Macrognathus oral (Bloch). Keenjhar Lake, 51 fish species have been identified ORDER PERCIFORMES. during present studies, which were higher than that of SUB ORDER PERCOIDEI. previous observations. It might be further increase in FAMILY CHANDIDAE. fish diversity for up coming few years. Maximum 40. Ambassis nama (Hamilton). water temperature was recorded 32

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Table 1: Shows the monthly variation in Temperate, pH, Alkalinity, Dissolve Oxygen and Salinity from Keenjhar Lake. Temperature º C pH Alkalinity mg L-1 Dissolve Oxygen mg L-1 Salinity ‰ Months ------St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 Jan. 22 21 23 8.8 8.8 8.6 220 254 240 8.6 8.5 8.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 ------Feb. 22 23 25 8.5 8.5 8.5 225 287 258 8.1 8.3 7.8 0.05 0.15 0.1 ------Mar. 25 28 27 8.6 8.7 8.5 260 242 205 7.2 7.1 7.5 0.1 0.3 0.2 ------Apr. 27 29 28 8.3 8.6 8.6 200 210 202 7.2 7.5 7.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 ------May 28 29 29 8.1 8.2 8.4 195 198 195 7.8 7.7 7.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 ------June 30 28 31 7.9 8 8.1 190 205 212 7.3 7.6 7.3 0.2 0.3 0.15 ------July 31 30 32 7.8 7.9 7.8 175 192 165 7.1 7.1 7.4 0.15 0.16 0.12 ------Aug. 29 30 31 7.9 7.8 7.6 188 193 168 7.4 8.1 7.8 0.18 0.13 0.16 ------Sep. 28 29 30 7.8 7.7 7.4 214 198 175 7.8 8.4 8.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 ------Oct. 26 28 29 8.2 8.1 8.1 230 238 220 8.2 8.6 8.9 0.2 0.1 0.3 ------Nov. 25 25 28 8.3 8.5 8.4 250 220 205 8.2 8.9 9.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 ------Dec. 23 22 26 8.7 8.2 8.5 252 248 255 8.9 9.1 9.5 0.2 0.1 0.1

Table 2: Shows the monthly variation in Conductivity, Total Dissolve Solids, Chloride, Turbidity and Hardness from Keenjhar Lake. Conductivity µs cm-1 Total Dissolve Solids mg L-1 Chloride mg L-1 Transparency cm Hardness mg L-1 Months ------St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 Jan. 320 287 300 190 210 230 140.5 105.8 97.9 36 40 51 120 140 130 ------Feb. 295 284 270 210 235 215 155.8 118.6 114.2 37 38 55 140 160 145 ------Mar. 261 272 265 235 225 240 130.8 167.5 137.2 40 55 60 160 180 160 ------Apr. 230 298 261 270 250 270 151.9 149.6 148.6 45 62 62 200 210 220 ------May 210 256 240 300 300 270 154.1 220.6 162.5 48 59 65 250 150 290 ------June 195 240 220 330 310 300 210.7 188.5 162.5 57 65 70 300 180 280 ------July 142 220 200 390 350 335 201.8 201.3 152.8 60 72 78 280 300 335 ------Aug. 190 185 195 350 340 350 188.6 152.4 129.7 57 78 85 330 350 355 ------Sep. 157 180 180 310 310 310 140.5 144.1 92.3 67 69 72 240 370 300 ------Oct. 190 240 185 250 290 290 158.6 130.8 80.8 54 68 80 200 250 300 ------Nov. 200 260 230 235 250 250 149.6 118.2 130.1 49 54 74 150 220 250 ------Dec. 270 290 280 210 235 210 118.7 113.4 114.1 48 45 67 130 180 220

Lake district Sanghar. Maximum Transparency were 85 Keenjhar Lake was observed more turbid during cm and minimum 36 cm in months of August and present studies during spring, summer and autumn January respectively during present studies, which were comparatively to Bakar, Makhi, Haleji, Phoosna, compatible to[3] from Keenjhar Lake district Thatta. Sonharo, Mehro, Pateji and Cholri Lakes of Sindh It was observed during present studies that the in let of province, owing to visiting of visitors, bathing activity, Lake was always laden with silt and clay which made visiting in boats in regard to picnic purpose. Dissolve water very much turbid and thus reduce light oxygen was 9.5 mg L-1 and 7.1 mg L-1 maximum and penetration, slit gives advantage it checks the light minimum in the months of December and July penetration in certain area of the Lake at inlet and due respectively during present studies, identical to [10; 12; 13] to this larger aquatic plants were limited in their from Bakar Lake, district Sanghar, Sonharo, Mehro, growth. Pateji and Cholri Lakes district Badin and Makhi Lake

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Table 3: Shows minimum and maximum range Mean ± SD of Keenjhar Lake district Thatta. Peak values of hardness physico-chemical parameters from Keenjhar Lake. were found in summer season (370, 355, 335, 330 and Parameter Maximum Minimum -1 Temperature < C 31±0.82 22±0.82 300 mg L in months September, August, July and pH 8.73±0.09 7.63±0.17 June respectively) due to bathing activities, in winter Alkalinity mgL-1 256.6±25.32 177.3±11.14 they were lower. The range of various physico- -1 Dissolve Oxygen mgL 8.73±0.41 7.3±0.16 chemical parameters as shown in table 1 and 2, which Salinity ‰ 0.23±0.047 0.01±0.04 -1 were found to be with in the tolerance limit and Conductivity µs cm 302.33±13.57 172.3±10.84 T.D.S mgL-1 358.33±23.21 218.33±11.78 appropriate for growth of aquatic fauna, flora and Chloride mgL-1 187.23±19.69 114.73±18.5 stocking of fishes. Transparency cm 73.33±11.89 42.33±6.34 Hardness mgL-1 130±8.16 338.33±8.49 Conclusion: An increased number of fish species were recorded from Lake they might be further increase in district Sanghar respectively. Maximum and minimum up coming years. Physico-chemical properties of conductivity were 320 ìs cm-1 and 142 ìs cm-1 in Keenjhar Lake were with in tolerance limit for aquatic months of January and July respectively during present biota of lake, no excessive concentration of any studies, fluctuation of conductivity was observed higher parameter was recorded during study period, there fore during winter season from selected stations due to the water of Keenjhar Lake was suitable for irrigation, higher dissolve oxygen content and lower temperature, for drinking purpose if purified and for the growth of in summer situation was vice versa. Keenjhar Lake was aquatic life, plants either animals. observed as hypo saline during present studies due to No parasitic or fungal infection was found from continues flow of water (Sunheri in let water source fishes of Keenjhar Lake during study. from Kalri Bhaggar feeder from River Indus, Khumbo out let of Lake) and even due to rocky bottom, the REFERENCES maximum salinity was 0.3 ‰ during month of March to June, September and October, while minimum 1. Ahmed, N., 1962. Inland fish and fishery of salinity was 0.05 ‰ in February, identical to[18] from Pakistan. Agri. Pakistan, 13(2): 271-275. Phoosna Lake district Badin. Maximum dissolve solids 2. American Public Health Association., 1980. were 390 mg L-1 in month of July and minimum 190 Standard methods for the examination of water and mg L-1 in month of January, which were suitable for waste water. 15th Edin. Washington D.C., 20022. growth of aquatic fauna and flora during present 3. Baquai, I.U., V.A. Zuberi and M. Iqbal, 1974 a. studies, minimum values were higher while maximum Limnological studies of Kalri Lake. Agri. Pakistan values were alike with[8] from Haleji Lake district 25(2): 119-135. Thatta. Maximum pH was 8.8 in January and minimum 4. Baquai, I.U., A.S. Perwaiz and M. Iqbal, 1974b. 7.4 in September during present studies, pH fluctuation Limnological studies of Haleji Lake. Agri. from Keenjhar Lake were attributable to discharge of Pakistan, 25(4): 321-344. fuel from engines of boats and domestic sewage, range 5. Blatter, E., C. Mc. Cann, and T.S. Sabnus, 1929. of pH were identical to[8] from Keenjhar Lake district The flora of Indus delta. Ind. Bot. Soc. Methodist. Thatta and[13] from Makhi Lake district Sanghar. Pub. House. Madras, pp: 173.. Concentration of alkalinity from Keenjhar Lake was 6. Day, F., 1878. The fishes of India; being a natural found to be with in the tolerance limit during present history of the fishes known to inhibit the seas and studies, maximum alkalinity was 287 mg L-1 in fresh waters of India, Burma, Celyon text and altas February and minimum was 165 mg L-1 during July, in 4 Pts. (London). alkalinity was observed increasing in steady manner 7. Framan, M.A.H., 1981. Standard methods for the from selected stations, in summer it was lower and analysis of water and waste water 15th edition. higher in winter season, which was higher than the American Public Health Association. Washington. range reported by[18] from ponds of Chilya district 8. Jahangir, T.M., M.Y. Khuhawar, S.M. Leghari, Thatta. Maximum chlorides 220 mg L-1 and minimum W.A. Balouch and A.A. Leghari., 2000. 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9 Res. J. Fish. & Hydrobiol., 3(1): 1-10, 2008

in fresh water Lake Bakar district Sanghar Sindh, 19. Sahato, G.A., M.K. Leghari and S.N. Arbani, Pakistan. Sindh University Research Journal 1997. Fresh water algae of Sindh-IV an ecological (Sci. Sr), 29(2): 83-94. survey of phytoplankton (Oscillatoriaceae) of 11. Leghari, S.M., S.I.H. Jafri., M.A. Mahar., K.H. Phoosna Lake, district Badin, Sindh, Pakistan. Lashari., S.S. Ali., M.Y. Khuhawar and T.M. Sindh University Research Journal (Sci. Sr), 29(2): Jahangir, 1999. Biodiversity of Chotiari reservoir, 51-56. district Sanghar Sindh, Pakistan. Proceedings of the 20. Salam, A.A., A. Chowdhry Ansari and S. Nadeem, seminar on aquatic biodiversity of Pakistan. (Eds. 1997. Studies on the effect of seasonal variations Q. B. Kazmi & M.A. Kazmi), pp: 139-157. of physico-chemical parameters of Indus River. 12. Leghari, S.M., S.I.H. Jafri, M.A. Mahar, K.H. Sindh University Research Journal (Sci. Sr), 29(1): Lashari, S.S. Ali, T.M. Jahangir and M.Y. 41-50. Khuhawar, 2000. Limnological study of Sonharo, 21. Siddiqui, P.A., I.U. Baquai and Mohammad Iqbal, Mehro, Pateji and Cholari Lakes of district Badin, 1973. Check list of fishes of Keenjhar (Kalri) Lake Sindh Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Biological with notes on environmental conditions and Sciences, 3(11): 1904-1909. fisheries potential. Agri. Pakistan, 24(2): 201-220. 13. Leghari, M.K., M.Y. Leghari and S.N. Arbani, 22. Sufi, S.M.K., 1957. Fish fauna of the Keenjhar 2005. Monthly variation in physico-chemical Lake with an account of the major fishing properties of fresh water Lake Makhi, Sanghar, implements employed by local fisher man. Agri. Sindh, Pakistan. Int. J. Phycol. Phycochem., 1(2): Pakistan., 8(3). 135-142. 23. Treadwell, P.F. and Hall, 1919. Analytical 14. Mahmood, G., M. Javed and M. Hassan, 2000. chemistry 25th edition. Assessment of river Ravi for the physico-chemistry 24. Welch, P.S., 1948. “Limnological methods”. and heavy metals toxicity of water. Pakistan McGraw Hill Book Company Inc. London, Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(11): 1962-1964. pp: 101-297. 15. Micheal, A.A., 1967. The Indus River. Yale 25. William, M., 1998. Patterns in fresh water fish University, press London. ecology. New York; International Thompson 16. Mirza, M.R., 1990. Fresh water fishes of Pakistan. publishing. Urdu science board Lahore, pp: 128. 17. Mirza, M.R. and H.M. Shafique, 1996. A key to the fishes of Punjab. Ilmi Kotab Khana Lahore, pp: 32. 18. Sahato, G.A. and S.N. Arbani, 1997. Quantitative distribution and percentage density of planktonic algae of fish hatchery ponds at Chillia district Thatta. Sindh. Sindh University Research Journal (Sci. Sr), 29(1): 127-135.