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The Effects of Vatican Council II on Catholic Education

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The Effects of Vatican Council II on Catholic Education The effects of Vatican Council II on Catholic education Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Malizia, Gennaro Andrew, 1939- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 08:37:23 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565260 THE EFFECTS OF VATICAN COUNCIL II ON CATHOLIC EDUCATION by Gennaro Andrew Malizia A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the COLLEGE OF EDUCATION In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF .ARIZONA 1 9 7 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by Gennaro Andrew Malizia_____________________________ entitled The Effects of Vatican Council II on Catholic Education be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy_______________________________ 9 / < - / • > isser ion/Director Date After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* t ! trf) VaA This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation has come about through the help of many persons, I would like to thank Dr, Kreyche for his advice and constructive criticism which helped me to focus my topic. I am grateful to Drs. Paulsen, Beezer, Saunders, Brefall, and Kelley for their support in writing my dissertation, I am also indebted to others who although not mentioned here were a great aid in encouraging me during the writing of this paper. TABLE OF CONTENTS ■ , Page ABSTRACT . „ . „ „ „ „ „ „ „ «. „ , . „ „ = , „ „ vii . CHAPTER I„ RELIGION IN AMERICA .............. 1 Introduction 1 Early Colonial Period ........... 1 Two Great Religious Movements . ...... 3 Catholicism in America . ^ . 6 Tensions Between the Catholic Church and American Society ........... 9 The Catholic Church from 1850 to 1965 ,. „ . 11 American!zers in Catholic Hierarchy .... 16 II. THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND THEOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE' PHILOSOPHY OF CATHOLIC EDUCATION . 29 Introduction ................ 29 Attitudes Prior to Vatican- II ....... 35 Scholasticism in the Catholic Church .... 36 Pre-Vatican II Understanding of the Chu r* cln . .......... 3 ^3 E cu m e n r s m . 9 The Concept of Revelation Prior to Vatican II................ 58 Religious Freedom 60 "Immortale Dei" of Leo XIII ........ 65 Conclusion ................. 74 III. PHILOSOPHY. OF CATHOLIC EDUCATION ........ 75 Goal of Education .. ......... 75 Ultimate Goal ............. 75 Secondary Goals ............ 81 Sources for the Goal of Education . 83 Method of Teaching ............. 84 General Principles 84- Special Theological Principle of Methodology ............. 87 Curriculum . .............. 89 Philosophy of Man Dictates Curriculum .............. 89 iv V TABLE OF CONTENTS— Continued Page Academic Freedom 92 Content of Curriculum 93 Sex Education .............. 94 Religion as Central to the Curriculum .............. 94 C- 1 ^3 . O o . ... o . 1. J- Teachers .... ........ T04 Administration. ............. ,104 Parents., Church, and State ......... ;105 IV. THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND THEOLOGICAL BASIS . OF CATHOLIC EDUCATION . .... 108 . Methodology of Vatican II. ......... 108 Modern Understanding of the Church . 118- Current Theologies of the Church . 118 Constitution of the Church of Vatican II . 122 Church as a Sacrament ......... 123 Church as Mystery ........... 125 Church as Understood in Biblical I III a. Cj- S . .' e a . e e o . 1 2 5 Church Understood as a Pilgrim ^3^3 JO 1 ^3 e a . e . e . e a . a . e e ® o 3- 2 7 Church and the Kingdom of God ...... 129 New Testament Theology and the Kingdom of God ............ 130 Who is Called to Salvation? ...... 134 Jesus and the Kingdom of God ...... 137 Mission of the Church ........... 138 Elect and Non-Elect .......... 141 Missionary Activity of the Church . 143 Vatican II and Ecumenism .......... 147 One True Church .............. 151 Common Worship ............... 155 The Catholic Church and Non-Christians . 155 Vatican II-and, Non-Christians ........ 152 Union of All People .. .... , 164 Universal Presence of the Church ...... 167 5* xx miii a. ic* jy . ... @ . © © 1 ^3 Vatican II-and Religious Freedom ...... 169 Ethical Doctrine.of Religious Freedom . 174 Political Doctrine of Religious Freedom ... 177 Theological Doctrine of the Relationship , Between the Church and the State ..... 180 New Elements in Vatican II ........ 184 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS— Continued Page V. THE PHILOSOPHY OF CATHOLIC EDUCATION OF VATICAN II . 188 New Attitude of Vatican II 188 . Goal of Education ............. 191 Ultimate Goal ...... ...... 191 ■ Purpose of Catholic Schools ...... |194 1'"^- 'tl’i^D ^3 ................. .. 11.9 ^3 Method and Truth ............ 198 The Theological: Principle of Original S1XI . o - o e o e o e 2 0 3 Curriculum . ... .. .. „ 20 6 Goal of Curriculum . „ . ....'. 206 Specific Courses in Curriculum ..... 209 Academic Freedom ............. 211 Religion as Central Course on Curriculum .............. 213 ^3 1S o'. a © . © e o 3 I e a clx e r* s .... .o 235 Administration ............... 236 Co XI clu S 3,0 XX . o .... e.'.ooe. e ... 237 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ... „ . 240 ABSTRACT This study presents the effects of the Second Vatican Council on Catholic education in the United States„ To introduce the Catholic Church's educational system, there is an historical presentation of the origin and development of the Catholic Church in the United States. In order to show the changing policies and attitudes in the Catholic educational system which have resulted from the teachings of Vatican II a comparative methodology is used. The study first sets forth the philosophical-theological principles of Catholic education in the pre-Vatican II period from 1929 to 19 62. Special consideration is given to four concepts, "Church," "revelation," "ecumenism," and "reli­ gious freedom." The application of these principles to,the Catholic educational structure is then presented. The latter half of the study is devoted to the philosophical-theological principles of Catholic education as found in the documents of the Second Vatican Council. Here, also the concepts of "Church," "revelation," "ecumenism," and "religious ■ freedom" are discussed. The development in Catholic teaching is explained in this section. Vatican II1s concepts are then applied to the educational system. Current implementation of these con­ cepts as found in textbooks and Catholic schools today is vii , cited to show that Vatican II1s teachings are more than theoretical, but are also practical« By using a comparative methodology, that is, presenting pre-Vatican II and Vatican II principles and application to education, the effects of Vatican II on Catholic education can be seen. CHAPTER I • RELIGION IN AMERICA Introduction Since the Second Vatican Council many changes have taken place in the Catholic Church. Changes in education are included among the effects of Vatican II. This paper analyzes the philosophy of Catholic - education in the United States. The first chapter gives an historical description of the inception of Catholic education and Catholic schools in America. This description is followed by a presentation of the philosophical and theological principles of Catholic education in the pre-Vatican II period. This is the content of Chapter II. Chapter III shows the application of these principles to Catholic education.. Chapters IV and V analyze the philosophical and theological basis of Catholic education as found in the documents of Vatican Council II. The principles of Vatican II are treated in Chapter IV and the application of these principles is found in Chapter V. Early Colonial Period The place of Catholic education in the United States' is best understood in terms of the religious history of American people. .This history, in turn, raises an important question: Were the colonists genuinely religious? 1 This, is a debatable question. Historians such as Hudson (1965), Olmstead (1960), and Gaustad (1966) held that the first settlers were indeed religious. Other historians, however, have challenged this position. One historian, who claimed that
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