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Results from Saskatchewan 2015 FIRST NATIONS FOOD, NUTRITION & ENVIRONMENT STUDY Results from Saskatchewan 2015 University of Ottawa | Université de Montréal | Assembly of First Nations 2018 1 “Healthy Environment and Healthy Foods for Healthy First Nations” Funding for this study was provided by Health Canada. The information and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors/researchers and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Department of Indigenous Services Canada. Results from Saskatchewan 2015 First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (FNFNES): Results from Saskatchewan 2015 by University of Ottawa, Université de Montréal and Assembly of First Nations is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. This report can be cited as: Laurie Chan, Olivier Receveur, Malek Batal, Tonio Sadik, Harold Schwartz, Amy Ing, Karen Fediuk and Constantine Tikhonov. First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (FNFNES): Results from Saskatchewan (2015). Ottawa: University of Ottawa, 2018. Print. i FOREWORD FROM THE NATIONAL CHIEF Greetings, First Nations are committed to respecting and upholding environmental integrity and fulfilling our sacred responsibility to protect and care for our traditional territories. Climate change is creating increased challenges for First Nations and the exercise of our traditional harvesting practices. These kinds of barriers to traditional food sources can increase food insecurity, which can have a profound impact on the lives of our people. The First Nations Food, Nutrition, Environment Study (FNFNES) demonstrates how traditional food consumption can have an immense, positive impact on the daily nutritional outcomes for First Nations people. The Assembly of First Nations (AFN) advocates on behalf of our inherent rights, Aboriginal and Treaty rights and our rights in international law, including the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. In all cases, these include our rights to access our traditional food sources. The FNFNES serves as a point-in-time indicator of a changing world and seeks to capture the environmental and nutrition health of First Nations people. It is a ten-year project mandated by the Chiefs-in-Assembly and developed in partnership with First Nations and academia. The study seeks to quantify the health of our traditional food sources, the quality and amount of food sources First Nations consume daily, and the quality of water in our territories. Studies like FNFNES can assist First Nations in making informed decisions about their environment as well as environmental stewardship. I want to extend my thanks for all those who made this report possible, including First Nation participants, coordinators, research assistants, Health Canada, principal investigators, and the First Nations themselves. This is about the health of our people and our traditional territories. Kinanâskomitin, Perry Bellegarde National Chief Assembly of First Nations ii Results from Saskatchewan 2015 FOREWORD FROM THE SASKATCHEWAN REGIONAL CHIEF Greetings, First Nations in Saskatchewan are committed to maintaining and enhancing their relationship with the environment. As Regional Chief, it is an honour and a privilege to be an advocate for First Nations. As we seek to revitalize our Indigenous cultures, the powerful linkage between traditional foods and culture form a strong bond. As an advocate for the Inherent and Treaty Rights of First Nations in Saskatchewan, the use of data in producing better health outcomes will lead to stronger Indigenous peoples overall. This is why we are pleased to present the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (FNFNES) as an example of what partnerships can accomplish. Without the fulsome cooperation and inclusion of First Nations, this project would not have been possible. In building towards a collective vision of what First Nations’ interaction with the environment can be, the baseline data in studies like FNFNES can serve as an important marker. Please join us in congratulating these First Nations on the completion of this project and a thank you to all those who made this possible. Bobby Cameron Chief, Federation of Sovereign Indigenous Nations Regional Chief, Assembly of First Nations iii PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS CO-INVESTIGATORS Laurie Chan, Ph.D. Harold Schwartz, Ph.D. Professor and Canada Research Chair in Toxicology Manager, Chemical Safety of Traditional Foods and Environmental Health Centre for Advanced Research Environmental Public Health Division in Environmental Genomics Office of Population and Public Health University of Ottawa Population Health and Primary Care Directorate First Nations and Inuit Health Branch Department of Indigenous Services Canada Olivier Receveur, Ph.D., M.P.H., Dt. P. Professor, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal Constantine Tikhonov MD, MHA Manager, Indicator Analysis and Program Reporting Malek Batal, Ph.D. Environmental Public Health Division Associate Professor, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Population Health and Primary Care Directorate Université de Montréal First Nations and Inuit Health Branch Department of Indigenous Services Canada Tonio Sadik, Ph.D. Director of Environment Assembly of First Nations Fond du Lac Denesuline Nation. Photo by Stéphane Decelles. iv Results from Saskatchewan 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors of this report would like to thank the Chief and Council of the following First Nations partners in Saskatchewan whose support made this work possible: Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation Onion Lake Cree Nation The Key First Nation Black Lake Denesuline First Nation Ahtahkakoop Cree Nation Muskeg Lake Cree Nation Lac La Ronge Indian Band Shoal Lake Cree First Nation Beardy’s and Okemasis First Nation Pelican Lake First Nation James Smith Cree Nation Mosquito, Grizzly Bear’s Head, Lean Man First Nation White Bear First Nations We would also like to recognize the hard work of the following community members who worked as community coordinators, research assistants, or helped with the traditional food or water sampling: Raymond Adam Sharell Cook Floyd Keshane Judi McKenzie Jennifer Sanderson Rita Adam Auldene Craig Tashina Keshane Sally McLeod Rhonda Sanderson Danielle Ahenakew Laura Echodh Devan Key Dale Mike Jeffery Sasakamoose Barbara Bear Lorna Echodh Sharon Key Raenette A. Moccasin Kathleen Shepherd Florence Bear Brian Eyahpaise Corrina Krotenko Janice Moise Doreen Smith Julie Bear Charlene Flett Carol Lafond John Moostoos Joseph Soosay Ruth Bear Virginia Janet Forest Dianne Lafond Stuart Mosquito Justin St. John Terri-Lynn Beavereye Roxanne Gamble Brian Lamb Veniece Muskego Tasha Starchief Jerrylynn Bigstone Jalisa Gamble James Jason Lamb Kaitlind Naistus Cheryl Stone Toni Brass Daryle Gardipy Livia Lathlin Randy Natomagan Greg Stone Muriel Brazeau Jenny Gardipy Mervin Lathlin Zachary Newman Gaylene Sutherland Jeanette Bugler Shea Giesbrecht Eugene Lewis Alicia Oliver Sheila Tawpisim Carla Burns Lynda Greyeyes Tammy Lidguerre Ciranda Omeasoo Allan Thomas Ginger Burns Tanja Head Rey Lindain June Parada Amanda Thomas Gloria Burns Audrina Henderson Hugh Little Chad Pasap Roseanne Thomas Virginia Burns Laura Iron LeeAnn Littlechief April Pische Evelyn Throassie Marie Campbell Blanche Isbister Blair Mackay James Ramsay Dee Dee Wapass Lorraine J. Charles Patricia Isbister Sarah McArthur Lorraine Randhile Patsy Whitehead Angelle Chell Randy Isbister Angie McArthur-Delorme Alanna Remmen Roxanne Wolfe Gladys Christiansen Albert Jimmy Clarice McKay Brigette Roberts Terese Wolfe Shannon Cook Steven Kennedy Denise M. McKenzie Jared Roy Felisha Young v We are grateful to the following Environmental Health Officers for their assistance with the surface water sampling: Mohamad ElRafihi Kim Lee Victor Odele Shannon Imhoff Daniel Michaud Laura Parenteau Nitin Koli Tahir Muhammad Lorne Willits We extend our gratitude to the elders for their kind words of wisdom. Finally, we would like to thank all the community members whose participation made this study possible. Marci Cho Meegwetch Teniki Miigwich ~ Tiniki Kinanaskomitán Hiy Hiy Kinanaskomitin Ekosi Kitatamihin Tapwekeechew Pinamaya Meequatch Pidamaya The technical and funding support of Health Canada and the First Nations and Inuit Health Branch Laboratory are gratefully acknowledged. Lac La Ronge Culture Camp. Photo by Rebecca Hare. vi Results from Saskatchewan 2015 CONTRIBUTORS FNFNES Steering Committee: Nutrition Research Coordinators: University of Ottawa Research Staff: Laurie Chan Carol Armstrong-Monohan Kayla Greydanus Olivier Receveur Jennifer Baker Kristin Eccles Malek Batal Carla Coulson Amanda Nitschke William David Stéphane Decelles Linda Ha Tonio Sadik Lacy Eggerman Srijanani Palaniyandi Judy Mitchell Rebecca Hare Eric Littlewood Lynn Barwin Pamela Klassen Julian Parker Lisa Wabegijig Lindsay Kraitberg Renata Rosol Nicole Pulvermacher Université de Montréal Research Staff: Amy Ing Stéphane Decelles Karen Fediuk Data Analysis and Technical Writing: Andréa Dufour Kathleen Lindhorst Amy Ing Hiba Al-Masri Ben Waswa Karen Fediuk Lara Steinhouse Johanna Jimenez-Pardo Communications Coordinator, External Reviewers: FNFNES Steering Committee Assembly of First Nations ex-officio members: Department of Indigenous Services Canada, Ben Waswa First Nations and Inuit Health Branch, Harold Schwartz Johanna Jimenez-Pardo Constantine Tikhonov Saskatchewan Region Brenda McIntyre Health Canada Regions and