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Etude Phytochimique Et Évaluation Biologique De Derris Ferruginea Benth

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Etude Phytochimique Et Évaluation Biologique De Derris Ferruginea Benth Etude phytochimique et évaluation biologique de Derris ferruginea Benth. (Fabaceae) Sylvie Morel To cite this version: Sylvie Morel. Etude phytochimique et évaluation biologique de Derris ferruginea Benth. (Fabaceae). Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire. Université d’Angers, 2011. Français. tel-00671071 HAL Id: tel-00671071 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671071 Submitted on 16 Feb 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Université d'Angers Année 2011 N° d’ordre 1031 Etude phytochimique et évaluation biologique de Derris ferruginea Benth. (Fabaceae) Thèse de doctorat spécialité : Chimie des Biomolécules : Synthèse, Structure et Réactivité Ecole doctorale VENAM Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 9 juin 2011 à l’UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et d’Ingénierie de la Santé d’ANGERS par Sylvie MOREL Devant le jury ci-dessous : Mme Angèle Lengo MAMBU Rapporteur Maître de conférences, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris M. Marc LITAUDON Rapporteur Ingénieur de Recherche, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif/Yvette M. François BAILLEUL Examinateur Professeur, Université de Lille II M. Bruno LAPIED Examinateur Professeur, Université d’Angers Directeur de thèse : M. Pascal RICHOMME Professeur, Université d’Angers Co-encadrante : Melle Anne LANDREAU Maître de conférences, Université d’Angers Laboratoire Substances d’Origine Naturelle et Analogues Structuraux (SONAS, UPRES EA 921, IFR 149) UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et d’Ingénierie de la Santé 16, boulevard Daviers-49100 ANGERS Sommaire TABLE DES FIGURES................................................................................................................. 10 TABLE DES TABLEAUX ............................................................................................................ 14 ABRÉVIATIONS........................................................................................................................... 15 GLOSSAIRE .................................................................................................................................. 19 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................... 21 PARTIE I : DONNEES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES........................................................................ 23 1. CLASSIFICATION ET DESCRIPTION DE DERRIS FERRUGINEA ................................................ 24 1.1. LA FAMILLE DES FABACEAE .................................................................................................. 25 1.1.1. Caractères botaniques de la famille .................................................................................... 25 1.1.1.1. Appareil végétatif............................................................................................................. 26 1.1.1.2. Appareil reproducteur...................................................................................................... 26 1.1.2. Phylogénie .......................................................................................................................... 27 1.2. LA SOUS -FAMILLE DES PAPILIONOIDEAE ............................................................................... 27 1.2.1. Caractères botaniques ......................................................................................................... 27 1.2.2. Phylogénie .......................................................................................................................... 28 1.3. LA TRIBU DES MILLETIEAE .................................................................................................... 29 1.4. LE GENRE DERRIS ................................................................................................................... 30 1.5. L’ ESPÈCE DERRIS FERRUGINEA ............................................................................................... 32 1.5.1. Description.......................................................................................................................... 32 1.5.2. Etude microscopique des poudres des feuilles, des tiges et des fruits ................................ 35 4 1.5.3. Distribution......................................................................................................................... 38 1.5.4. Utilisations.......................................................................................................................... 38 2. GÉNÉRALITÉS SUR LES FLAVONOÏDES ................................................................................... 39 2.1. DISTRIBUTION ET BIOSYNTHÈSE ............................................................................................ 39 2.1.1. Les flavonoides stricto sensu .............................................................................................. 39 2.1.1.1. Distribution...................................................................................................................... 39 2.1.1.2. Biosynthèse...................................................................................................................... 40 2.1.1.3. Les flavanones ................................................................................................................. 42 2.1.2. Les isoflavonoïdes .............................................................................................................. 43 2.1.2.1. Distribution...................................................................................................................... 43 2.1.2.2. Biosynthèse...................................................................................................................... 44 2.1.2.3. Les roténoïdes.................................................................................................................. 46 2.1.3. Les flavonoïdes et les isoflavonoïdes prénylés................................................................... 47 2.1.3.1. Biosynthèse...................................................................................................................... 50 2.1.3.2. Modifications de la chaine prénylée ................................................................................ 51 2.2. FONCTIONS DES FLAVONOÏDES POUR LES PLANTES ............................................................... 52 2.2.1. Rôle de protection contre le stress environnemental .......................................................... 52 2.2.2. Rôles comme composés de défense.................................................................................... 53 2.2.2.1. Interactions plantes-microorganismes ............................................................................. 53 2.2.2.2. Interactions plantes-plantes.............................................................................................. 55 2.2.2.3. Interactions plantes-pathogènes....................................................................................... 55 2.2.2.4. Interactions plantes-insectes et animaux.......................................................................... 55 2.2.3. Rôle dans la fertilité des plantes ......................................................................................... 56 2.3. ACTIVITÉS BIOLOGIQUES DES FLAVONOÏDES ......................................................................... 56 2.3.1. Activités antimicrobiennes.................................................................................................. 57 2.3.1.1. Activité antibactérienne ................................................................................................... 57 2.3.1.2. Activité antifongique ....................................................................................................... 59 2.3.1.3. Activité antivirale............................................................................................................. 59 2.3.2. Activités antiparasitaires..................................................................................................... 60 2.3.2.1. Plasmodium sp................................................................................................................. 60 2.3.2.2. Leishmania sp. ................................................................................................................. 61 2.3.2.3. Trypanosoma sp............................................................................................................... 62 2.3.3. Activités estrogéniques et anti-estrogéniques..................................................................... 63 2.3.3.1. Les récepteurs aux estrogènes.......................................................................................... 63 2.3.3.2. Principales sources de phytoestrogènes........................................................................... 63 2.3.3.3. Activités des phytoestrogènes.......................................................................................... 64 2.3.4. Potentiel antioxydant .........................................................................................................
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