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April 2016 • ISSN 1801-3422 POLITICS IN CENTRAL EUROPE The Journal of the Central European Political Science Association Volume 12 • Number 1 • April 2016 • ISSN 1801-3422 ESSAYS Volume 12 • Number 1 • April 2016 1 • April 12 • Number Volume Russian Exceptionalism: A Comparative Perspective Brendan Humphreys State Civilisation: The Statist Core of Vladimir Putin’s Civilisational Discourse and its Implications for Russian Foreign Policy Fabian Linde Latin American Vector in Russian’s Foreign Policy: POLITICS IN CENTRAL IN POLITICS EUROPE Identities and Interests in the Russian-Venezuela Partnership Alexandra Sitenko Afghanistan’s Signifi cance for Russia in the 21st Century: Interests, Perceptions and Perspectives Kaneshko Sangar Russia’s Backyard – Unresolved Confl icts in the Caucasus Dominik Sonnleitner POLITICS in Central Europe The Journal of the Central European Political Science Association Volume 12 Number 1 April 2016 ISSN 1801-3422 EDITORIAL ESSAYS Russian Exceptionalism: A Comparative Perspective Brendan Humphreys State Civilisation: The Statist Core of Vladimir Putin’s Civilisational Discourse and its Implications for Russian Foreign Policy Fabian Linde Latin American Vector in Russian’s Foreign Policy: Identities and Interests in the Russian ‑Venezuela Partnership Alexandra Sitenko Afghanistan’s Significance for Russia in the 21st Century: Interests, Perceptions and Perspectives Kaneshko Sangar Russia’s Backyard – Unresolved Conflicts in the Caucasus Dominik Sonnleitner The Construction of Crisis: The ‘internal ‑identitarian’ Nexus in Russian ‑European Relations and its Significance beyond the Ukraine Crisis Moritz Pieper Sanctions in Russian Political Narrative Magda B. Leichtova Narratives of Russia’s ‘Information Wars’ Ekaterina Kalinina The Power of the Capability Constraint: On Russia’s Strength in the Arctic Territorial DIspute Irina Valkova Politics in Central Europe – The Journal of Central European Political Science Association is the official Journal of the Central European Political Science Association (CEPSA). Politics in Central Europe is a biannual (June and December), double­‑blind, peer­‑reviewed publication. Publisher: Metropolitan University Prague Press Dubečská 900/10, 100 31 Praha 10-Strašnice (Czech Republic) Printed by: Togga, s. r. o., Volutová 2524/12, 158 00 Praha (Czech Republic) Copyright © by Metropolitan University Prague, v. o. s. Co ‑editors: Ladislav Cabada & Šárka Waisová E­‑mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Executive Assistant to the editors: Hana Hlaváčková E -mail: [email protected] English language editing: Debra Shulkes Home Page www.politicsincentraleurope.eu www.degruyter.com Executive Committee of the CEPSA (2012–2015) Senior presidents: Jerzy J. Wiatr Attila Ágh Silvia Miháliková Karin Liebhart President: Ladislav Cabada Vice ‑President: Miro Haček Secretary General: Liutauras Gudžinskas National Representatives: Krisztina Arató (Hungary) Petr Just (Czech Republic) Agnieszka Kasińska­‑Metryka (Poland) Tonči Kursar (Croatia) Marek Rybář (Slovakia) Andžėj Pukšto (Lithuania) Andreas Pribersky (Austria) Cirila Toplak (Slovenia) International Advisory Board Jan Bureš (Metropolitan University Prague, Department of Humanities) Alenka Krašovec (University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences) Danica Fink­‑Hafner (University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences) Petr Kopecký (University of Leiden, Department of Political Science) Christian Lequesne (SciencePo­‑CERI, Paris) Magda B. Leichtová (University of West Bohemia, Department of Politics and International Relations) Paul Luif (Austrian Institute for International Affairs, Vienna) Cas Mudde (University of Georgia, Department of International Affairs) Beate Neuss (Technical University in Chemnitz, Institute for Political Science) Otto Pick Jacques Rupnik (National Foundation† for Political Science, Paris) Boyka Stefanova (University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Political Science and Geography) Soňa Szomolányi (Comenius University in Bratislava, Department of Political Science) Rein Taagepera (University of California, School of Social Sciences) Editorial Office Metropolitan University Prague, v. o. s., Univerzitní středisko Plzeň, Koterovská 85, 326 00 Plzeň (Czech Republic) Politics in Central Europe is an independent scientific journal. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their contributions. Politics in Central Europe is an Open Access Journal and may be freely citeed, downloaded, photocopied, and scanned for scholarly purposes only. ISSN 1801‑3422 MK ČR E 18556 Politics in Central Europe is listed in the internationally recognised databases of ERIH plus and DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) The articles published in this scientific review are also published in De Gruyter, http://www.degruyter.com ISSN 1801-3422 ČÍSLO REGISTRACE MK ČR E 18556 CONTENTS ESSAYS Brendan Humphreys Russian Exceptionalism: A Comparative Perspective 9–20 Fabian Linde State Civilisation: The Statist Core of Vladimir Putin’s Civilisational Discourse and its Implications for Russian Foreign Policy 21–35 Alexandra Sitenko Latin American Vector in Russia’s Foreign Policy: Identities and Interests in the Russian ‑Venezuelan Partnership 37–57 Kaneshko Sangar Aghanistan’s Significance for Russia in the 21st Century: Interests, Perceptions and Perspectives 59–82 Dominik Sonnleitner Russia’s Backyard – Unresolved Conflicts in the Caucasus 83–94 Moritz Pieper The Construction of Crisis: The ‘Internal ‑identitarian’ Nexus in Russian ‑European Relations and its Significance Beyond the Ukraine crisis 95–110 Magda B. Leichtova Sanctions in Russian Political Narrative 111–145 Ekaterina Kalinina Narratives of Russia’s ‘Information Wars’ 147–165 Irina Valko The Power of the Capability Constraint: On Russia’s Strength in the Arctic Territorial Dispute 167–189 GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS 195–199 Editorial There are few topics in Politics in Central Europe as traditional and as impor‑ tant as the Russian foreign policy. As early as in nineteenth century, political thinkers like František Palacký thematised Russian influence on the Central European region where new nations were building their identities and cultures at that time. The huge Slavic empire in the East could not be overlooked in this process, just as the German element in the West. During the twentieth century, Russian foreign policy, previously a European issue, had become a global one. The so called Cold War reduced global “high politics” on power competition between the Soviet Union and the United States, from which most of other political and economic issues derived. The 1990 s seemingly reduced the urgency of analysing Russian foreign policy, as the focus shifted to Russian internal transformation that was expected to produce desirable foreign policy outcomes. The rapid development of interna‑ tional relations since the fall of the Soviet Union produced new threats as well as opportunities and attracted attention of analysts to new phenomena such as weak states, terrorism, human security, human development, “new” powers, international integration and many more. Russian foreign policy might have seemed an obsolete and even unimportant topic for analysis within the rapidly changing world and Europe. Nevertheless, the last few years proved otherwise. The Russian Federation found resources and political capital to support its interests by decisive foreign policy steps attracting a new wave of attention. At first, as one of the so called “new” powers, such as China or India, with rising economic power and unknown political priorities and appetite, and then as a vital but not always reliable energy supplier for the European Union, and lately also as an ambitious regional power decisively projecting its power into the neighbouring region by using all avail‑ able means including military ones. But neither “gas wars” nor the Georgian War have attracted attention of such a massive scale as the Ukrainian crisis did. By the Ukrainian events, Russian foreign policy re ‑entered first pages of world newspapers, and re‑gained space in prominent academic journals and publishing houses. Russian foreign policy became, once again, an interesting topic for a wide variety of audiences. In this environment, the Department of Political Science and International Relations at the Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic supported me and my colleague Marina Henrikson from University of Manchester in organizing a thematic conference “Russia: Identity and Foreign Policy”. A wonderful group of experienced scientists and young talented, Ph.D. students came to Pilsen in April 2014 to discuss the issues of Russian foreign policy. As the conference turned out to be a very pleasant and 6 Editorial fruitful event, we decided to publish selected papers. At this stage, my long‑ ‑time colleague and chief editor of Politics in Central Europe, Ladislav Cabada, helped us in providing us space in this journal. Now you are reading the result of our efforts – the thematic issue of the Politics in Central Europe focused on Russian foreign policy. You will find eight papers in this issue focusing on various aspects and topics of Russian foreign policy. First, more general aspects of Russian foreign policy are analysed. In his essay, Brendan Humphreys searches for sources of Russian exceptionalism and compares it with other national exceptionalist concepts. Fabian Linde focuses on the concept of civilisation in Russian political discourse and how it is used in contemporary
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