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C:\Lavori\Etf\Country Rep.S-03\VET & Labour Market\Ukraine-EN\VET TION AND ANCE TO TIONAL EDUCA A STUDY OF THE UKRAINIAN VOCA TRAINING SYSTEM AND ITS RELEV LABOUR MARKET NEEDS TA-???????????? Publications.eu.int Publications Office THE EUROPEAN TRAINING FOUNDATION IS THE EUROPEAN UNION’S CENTRE OF EXPERTISE SUPPORTING VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING REFORM IN THIRD COUNTRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EU EXTERNAL RELATIONS PROGRAMMES HOW TO CONTACT US Further information on our activities, calls for tender and job opportunities can be found on our web site: www.etf.eu.int. For any additional information please contact: External Communication Unit European Training Foundation Villa Gualino Viale Settimio Severo 65 I – 10133 Torino T +39 011 630 2222 F +39 011 630 2200 E [email protected] A STUDY OF THE UKRAINIAN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING SYSTEM AND ITS RELEVANCE TO LABOUR MARKET NEEDS Prepared by Galina Borisova, Søren Poulsen and Evelyn Viertel ETF, December 2003 A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2004. ISBN 92-9157-377-9 Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Italy ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was carried out in the first half of teachers offered their valuable time and 2003 by a team of experts, comprised of showed the necessary patience in Galina Borisova, Søren Poulsen and explaining the situation and their views on Evelyn Viertel, and supported by a number VET and labour market issues. of individuals and entities in Ukraine. Individual employers and their associations The vocational education and training contributed with the necessary information (VET) department of the Ministry of and opinions from the point of view of Education and Science (MOES) offered enterprises. This adds an important extensive help in providing information and element to the analysis and understanding data on the VET system as well as sharing of how VET and enterprises are linked. their views on areas where improvements are needed. The frank and facilitating way Thanks must also go to the people met and in which this assistance was offered talked to during the two VET events the contributed greatly to the team’s work. We team attended. Their commitment to wish in particular to acknowledge the education and their willingness to discuss support received from the former the future of the Ukrainian VET system Deputy Minister of the MOES, gave a broader understanding of the critical Mr Vitaliy Tomashenko, whose personal issues currently being examined. For a list involvement resulted in many fruitful school of individuals met and organisations visits and discussions. We were very sad visited, see annex D. to learn that Mr Tomashenko, a valued colleague, passed away following a car Without the logistical support of the accident in November. National Observatory of Ukraine it would not have been possible to visit so many Representatives from Parliament, the institutions and talk with so many people President’s administration, the Cabinet of with an interest in VET. The Observatory Ministers, the Ministry of Labour and Social team leader, Ms Olga Shcherbak, offered Protection, employment services, the an insight into the VET system, which was Ministry of Agriculture, regional educational extremely valuable. authorities, VET school directors and 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 1. SETTING THE SCENE 9 1.1 The socioeconomic situation 9 1.2 Labour market trends 14 2. DESCRIBING THE SYSTEM AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 21 2.1 Characteristics of the education system 21 2.2 The VET system 22 2.3 Continuing vocational training 24 3. ANALYSING THE SYSTEM 27 3.1 Recent VET system reform efforts 27 3.2 Specialisations and curricula in initial VET 29 3.3 Continuing vocational training policy and programmes 33 3.4 Vocational teachers and instructors at VET schools 35 3.5 VET planning (the state ordering system) 39 3.6 VET management 40 3.7 VET financing 42 3.8 Legal framework governing VET 47 4. CONCLUSIONS 51 4.1 The complexity of the Ukrainian VET system reform: system-wide and system-deep reforms 51 4.2 Findings and recommendations 52 ANNEXES 55 Annex A: Statistical information 56 Annex B: Synoptic outline of the vocational education and training system 59 Annex C: Ministry of Education and Science organigram 60 Annex D: Persons and organisations visited 61 REFERENCES 65 LIST OF ACRONYMS 69 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Following independence, Ukraine system is unable to maintain previous experienced significant changes to its quality levels and what is more worrying, politic, economic and social fabric caused the system reform itself, which, with by the marked transition from a economic recovery, has become more and communist-ruled society towards one more visible. increasingly framed by democracy and market economy. The government recently initiated an education reform process that includes The transition process has proven to be far redefined underlying education principles more complex and with higher social costs and priorities for the entire sector. than expected. Ten years of overall Relevance and improved service delivery economic decline have seen the from pre-school through tertiary education emergence of previously unknown social are key elements of the ‘National Doctrine phenomena such as poverty, for the Development of Education in unemployment and declining public Ukraine in the XXIst Century’ which is service. Counter-balancing these guiding the education reform process. In developments, to a certain extent, shadow support to the Doctrine, the Ministry of economy has become increasingly evident Education and Science (MOES) has both in economic terms and as a source of developed an implementation plan employment opportunities. The political covering short and medium-term situation since independence has been implementation goals for meeting the marked by power struggles between the objectives of the Doctrine. President and the Verhovna Rada (the Parliament) and the different fractions in To facilitate the political discussion, the the Parliament, which has not facilitated MOES compiled a report on the current the reform process. situation regarding vocational education and training (VET). The report focused on Within the last three to four years, Ukraine the chronic under-funding of VET, which has experienced significant economic has a devastating effect on the quality of growth that has meant some relief for the training, and on the need for a critical employment situation, a reinforcement of review of the very complex legal framework the shaping of the labour market and governing VET. The discussions illustrated increased diversity in the employment the increased attention paid to VET at the needs among enterprises. political level. The Parliament has made a resolution on VET and the Cabinet of Ukraine has inherited an education system Ministers (COM) is reviewing a draft law that was tailored to support a planned amending the legal framework for VET in economy. A relatively high level of funding the country. More concretely, the MOES reflected the importance given to has, with the support of the ETF, initiated a education, which produced outstanding process for the development of a new results including high literacy, solid basic concept on VET, which will be the basis for knowledge, a substantial core of skilled future reform efforts. workers and excellent scientific and technological achievements. After years of Our study confirms the MOES’s concern neglect however, the vocational education that the VET system is unable to 7 A STUDY OF THE UKRAINIAN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING SYSTEM AND ITS RELEVANCE TO LABOUR MARKET NEEDS sufficiently meet the needs of an emerging system has gained relevant experience labour market. in standard and curriculum development through donor projects, measures need n The VET system is in need of a new to be taken to pool these resources and funding scheme. Public funding is not to institutionalise processes that can sufficient, therefore a scheme for direct facilitate employers’ involvement. financial contribution from employers n Teachers/instructors do not have the needs to be found. necessary competences to meet the n The effectiveness of the resources need for new pedagogical teaching allocated and used needs to be methods and new technical skills improved. requirements. Training facilities and n The state ordering system, which equipment are outdated. determines the number of students n Continuing vocational training (CVT) entering the VET system, is unable to cannot meet the growing needs for tap the need of the emerging labour training both in terms of quantity and market. quality. n Management of the VET system is too centralised which is a barrier to making Increased attention to reforming the the system relevant to local Ukraine’s VET system is also timely given developments. the fact that, from 2004, it will be among n VET systems do not sufficiently coincide the new neighbours of the European Union. with the needs of the labour market, This will have possible implications for the which increasingly is demanding a country’s social and economic workforce with higher qualifications development in which VET is so firmly and/or competencies. Although the embedded. 8 1. SETTING THE SCENE 1 1.1 THE SOCIOECONOMIC social consequences, Ukrainians are SITUATION supportive of the continuing transition to a market economy. In 1994 a survey Since regaining independence on suggested that 43% of Ukrainians 24 August 19911, Ukraine has experienced supported private business development, unstable political and economic while 31% had a negative view of private development, which has added greatly to enterprise. In 2001 the support had the challenge of building a modern social increased to 52%, with 23% still against fabric based on democracy and market private sector development (ICPS 2002). economy principles.
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