Section III.Final

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Section III.Final !"#$ 1901 - 1945 section one RISE OF ELECTRICITY AND THE COMMUNITY 1901 - 19451 ! NVMN NVNS NVON !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'()* !"#TRM !"# !"#$%&'()*+,-./0 bëí~ÄäáëÜãÉåí=çÑ=É~êäó=`im=Äó=oçÄÉêí=pÜÉï~å=~åÇ=ÄÉÖáååáåÖ mìêÅÜ~ëÉ=çÑ=Ñáêëí=TRM=ât=íìêÄáåÉë mçïÉê=ëí~íáçå=ãçîÉë=íç=eçâ=råI=áåëí~ää~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=åÉï çÑ=ÄìëáåÉëë=áå=dì~åÖòÜçì ÄçáäÉêë=C=íìêÄáåÉë NVNU NVMP !"#$%&'()*+,-./0*+1"#$ NVOQJNVOR !"#$%&'()*+,-./!"01TR _ÉÖáååáåÖ=çÑ=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå=çÑ=eçâ=rå=åÉï=éçïÉê=ëí~íáçå=~ÑíÉê !"#$%"&'()*+,-(./0123 cçìåÇ~íáçå=çÑ=Ñáêëí=éçïÉê=ëí~íáçå=~í=eìåÖ=eçãI=hçïäççå ÉñÅÜ~åÖÉ=çÑ=`Ü~íÜ~ã=oç~Ç=pí~íáçå=ïáíÜ=dçîÉêåãÉåí=eçâ=rå=äçí bêÉÅíáçå=çÑ=ëìÄëí~íáçåë=~í=h~ì=mìá=pÜÉâI=hçïäççå=qçåÖI=v~ì EÅ~é~Åáíó=Ñçê=É~ÅÜ=íìêÄáåÉ=TR=âtF j~=qÉá=C=pÜ~ã=pÜìá=mç !"#$%&'()*+, NVMV `çãé~åó=êÉëíêìÅíìêÉë=~åÇ=êÉå~ãÉÇ=qÜÉ=`Üáå~=iáÖÜí=C NVOS !"#$%&'()*+,-./ mçïÉê=`çãé~åó=iíÇK !"#$%&'()*+,-. p~äÉ=çÑ=ÄìëáåÉëë=áå=dì~åÖòÜçì=~åÇ=ÑçÅìë=çå=ÄìëáåÉëë=áå pìééäó=ÉäÉÅíêáÅáíó=íç=Ñáêëí=áåÇìëíêá~ä=ÅìëíçãÉêW=eçåÖ=hçåÖ=C eçåÖ=hçåÖ NVNV tÜ~ãéç~=açÅâó~êÇ !"#$%&'() *+,- NVNM `çåëíêìÅíáçå=çÑ=eçâ=rå=mçïÉê=pí~íáçå=ÄÉÖáåëI=ëí~êí=çÑ=éçïÉê !"NMM !"OMM !"#$%&'( ëìééäó=íç=hçïäççå=ëíêÉÉí=ä~ãéë bäÉÅíêáÅáíó=çìíéìí=ê~áëÉë=Ñêçã=NMM=s=íç=OMM=s páÖåë=Åçåíê~Åí=íç=ëìééäó=ÉäÉÅíêáÅáíó=íç=h`o V Section 1 Chronology NVOU !"#$%&' ()*+,-./01 NVPP ^ !"#$%&'()*+,-. páê=bääó=h~ÇççêáÉ=ÄÉÅçãÉë=ëÜ~êÉÜçäÇÉêI=é~êíáÅáé~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ !"#$%&'()* léÉåáåÖ=çÑ=eçâ=rå=^mçïÉê=pí~íáçå=Äó=dçîÉêåçê=páê h~ÇççêáÉë=áå=`çãé~åóë=éçäáÅó=ã~âáåÖ mçïÉê=ëìééäó=Ñçê=ã~áå=Ç~ã=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå=çÑ=pÜáåÖ=jìå=oÉëÉêîçáê dÉçÑÑêÉó=kçêíÜÅçíÉ !"#$%&'() páÖåë=Åçåíê~Åí=ïáíÜ=dçîÉêåãÉåí=íç=éêçãçíÉ=ÉäÉÅíêáÑáÅ~íáçå NVPR NVQN çÑ=íÜÉ=kÉï=qÉêêáíçêáÉë !"#$%&'( !"#$%&'()*+,- içêÇ=i~ïêÉåÅÉ=h~ÇççêáÉ=ÄÉÅçãÉë=`çãé~åó=`Ü~áêã~å eçåÖ=hçåÖ=çÅÅìéáÉÇI=`çãé~åóë===~ëëÉíë=í~âÉå=çîÉê=Äó=g~é~åÉëÉ=ÑçêÅÉë NVPM !"#$%&'()*+,- !"#$%&'()*+,#-' !"#$%&'#( pìÄëí~íáçåë=ÉêÉÅíÉÇ=~í=^ì=q~ìI=vìÉå=içåÖI=~åÇ=hï~å=qáI=c~åäáåÖ oÉÅçîÉêó=çÑ=eçâ=rå=mçïÉê=pí~íáçå içêÇ=i~ïêÉåÅÉ=h~ÇççêáÉ=ÄÉÅçãÉë=ãÉãÄÉê=çÑ=_ç~êÇ Äó=g~é~åÉëÉI=êÉëíçê~íáçå=çÑ=éçïÉê=ëìééäó=áå=hçïäççå NVPU NVPN !"#$%&' NVQQ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0"#12 ^ÇÇáíáçå=çÑ=~=åÉï=éä~åí=~í=eçâ=rå !"#$%&'()*#$ _ÉÖáååáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=kÉï=qÉêêáíçêáÉë=bäÉÅíêáÅáíó=pìééäó=pÅÜÉãÉI !"#$%&'() pÜçêí~ÖÉ=çÑ=Åç~äI=~äíÉêå~íáîÉ=ëçìêÅÉë=ìëÉÇ=Ñçê=éçïÉê=ÖÉåÉê~íáçå ëáÖåë=Åçåíê~Åíë=ïáíÜ=ëÉîÉê~ä=ä~êÖÉ=ëÅ~äÉ=ÉåíÉêéêáëÉë=Ñçê=éçïÉê=ëìééäó `çåëíêìÅíáçå=çÑ=åÉï=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=_ìáäÇáåÖ=~í=^êÖóäÉ=píêÉÉí NVQR NVPO NVQM !"#$%&'()"*!+, !"#$%&'() !"#$%&'()* eçåÖ=hçåÖ=äáÄÉê~íÉÇI=`çãé~åó=äÉ~ÇÉêë=Ä~Åâ=íç=eh=íç=Ü~åÇäÉ `çãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=Ñáêëí=ÉäÉÅíêáÅáíó=ëìééäó=ëóëíÉã=áå=íÜÉ=kÉï=qÉêêáíçêáÉë `çãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=åÉï=^Çãáåáëíê~íáîÉ=_ìáäÇáåÖ=~í=^êÖóäÉ=píêÉÉí êÉÅçîÉêó=ã~ííÉêë NM !"#$ NVMNJNVNT !"#$ %& !"#$%&'() !"#$%&'()* !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()**+, - !"#$%&'())*+,-. !"#$%&'()**+,&- !"#$%&'()*+,-.& !"#$%& !"#$%&'()*+,-. !"#$%&' ()*$' !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%$&'()*+,-. !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !" !"#$%&'()*+,-./01 Yau Ma Tei in the early 20th century was NN developed by fishermen and small merchants Section 1 Chapter 1 The Beginning (1901-1917) he Chinese have a saying “To While the high-rise outline of present day reap a return in 10 years, plant Kowloon gives few clues to its past, Tsim T trees. To reap a return in 100 Sha Tsui in the late 19th century was a years, cultivate people.” Looking back on restricted military area, inhabited mainly its centenary of service, China Light & by Europeans, most of whom were Power takes pride in the way that it has soldiers. Few Chinese lived there. Yau Ma “cultivated the people” in the good and Tei, a small township on the western side hard times it and they have experienced. of the peninsula with about 8,000 !"#$%&'()*+,-. Its success was possible only because of fishermen and small merchants and their the character, industriousness and families, gave promise of growth and Before its development the Kowloon peninsula was an uncultivated area commitment of the people it served; for prosperity. On the eastern side, Hung they have lived through an era of change Hom was home to about 5,000, mainly so rapid and so revolutionary that it workers employed by the Hong Kong and evokes another Chinese saying: “Seas Whampoa Dockyards and the Green change into mulberry fields and mulberry Island Cement Company. Further north, fields into seas.” It is an intriguing story, Mong Kok and Sham Shui Po were small so let us tell how it happened. village clusters, largely uncultivated and surrounded by rice fields. In the hinterland of the New Territories, old farming villages followed an unchanging lifestyle in valleys and on hillsides, oblivious to the political changes overtaking Hong Kong as the 20th century dawned. !"#$%&'()*++,-./ NO Tsim Sha Tsui was an important military area since the mid-19th century !"#$ !"#$%&içêÇ i~ïêÉåÅÉ=h~ÇççêáÉ !"# !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'(&)*+,-(. !"#$%&'()*+,"-. !"#$%&'()*+,-.( !"#$%&'()*+,%-. !"#$"%&'()*+,-. !"#$%& !"#$%&'()*+$,- !"#$%&'()*+,- !" #$%&`Üáå~=iáÖÜí=C !"#$% !"#$% ! mçïÉê==iíÇK=E !"#$%&'( Sir Elly Kadoorie (centre) and his two sons, Lawrence F !"#$%&'(!)*+ (right) and Horace (left) !"#$%&'()*+,- !"#$%&'páê= dÉçÑÑêÉó kçêíÜÅçíÉ !"#$%&'()*+ !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()$%*+, !"#$%&'()*+,-. !"#$%&'()*+,-% !"#$%&'()*+,- !"#$%&'() NP CLP’s power station at Guangzhou in its early times ord Lawrence Kadoorie, Chairman of CLP since the Section 1 L 1930s, recalled that in the early days “Kowloon went lightless by night. In the course of time its few suburban roads—if narrow pathways could be dignified by that term—were lit by kerosene lamps. Where today Salisbury Chapter 1 Road is one of Kowloon’s leading thoroughfares, in those times it was a 15- foot avenue lined by banyan trees, interspersed with narrow granite pillars surmounted by oil lanterns, leading to the bamboo pier at Kowloon Point. Kowloon Bay, had not been reclaimed.” As it moved into the 20th century, the night scene of the Kowloon peninsula gradually changed. Founded in 1901 with a capital of $300,000 and three small generators, China Light and Power Limited began to shine a new form of light on Kowloon and the New Territories. Sir Geoffrey Northcote, Governor of Hong Kong, reviewed its progress in a speech in 1940, saying: “The provision of light and power is fundamental to sound progress for the inhabitants of Kowloon... The China Light and Power Company has helped in the illumination of Kowloon and assisted in the development !"#$%&'()*+,-. of various industries. Obviously, without Nathan Road at the beginning of the 20th century; there were only gas lamps to light the road electricity, machines in the factories would be unable to function.” NQ !"#$%&'()* !" #$%&'() !"#$%&'()* !"#$%&'()*+,&-. !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()&*+,-. ! !`Üáå~=iáÖÜí=C mçïÉê=iíÇK !"#$%& !"#$%&'()*+,-. !"#$E !"#F !"#$%&'()*(+,-./ !"#$ !"#$%&' !"#$%&'()*+,- !"#$%&'()$*+,-( !"#$%& !"#$%&'()*+,)-./ CLP’s first power station at the junction of present-day Chatham Road and Princess Margaret Road NR !"#$% !"# !"#$%&'!( Hong Kong Weekly Press report on the newly built CLP power station in Kowloon, 1903 ut it takes more than new capital and technology to transform a Section 1 Bsociety. CLP originally began its electricity supply business in Guangzhou, capital of neighbouring Guangdong province. Management difficulties led to a reassessment of its activities, suggesting that development should be concentrated Chapter 1 on Kowloon—even though at first the supply area was less than two square miles (5.2 square kilometres) and there were fewer than 200 consumers. Big changes were taking place, however, on either side of the New Territories border, with the building of a railway line connecting Guangzhou and Kowloon. In 1911, the Kowloon-Canton Railway was completed and began running between Tsim Sha Tsui and the New Territories border, linking up later with the Canton-Kowloon line. A contract to supply power to the venture was announced, marking a major new development in the territory’s economy. The Company seized this opportunity to highlight the increasing role of electricity in the coming years. With new generating equipment ordered, and following an increase in capital, a new power station was inaugurated and the supply area rapidly enlarged. !"#$%&'()*+,- Tsim Sha Tsui terminal of the Kowloon-Canton Railway, opened in 1911 NS !"#$%&'()* !"#$%&'()" !"#$%&#'( !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-. !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&"'()*+!,- !"#$%&'()*+,-. !"#$%&'()*+, !"#$%&'()*+,-. Gun Club Hill Barracks at Chatham Road in the early 20th century !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-./ ! ! !"#$%&'()*+, !" ! !"#$%&'()*+,-./01 Map of Kowloon in the early 20th century marked with the location of Chatham Road Power Station NT he choice of location of the new power station was both strategic Section 1 T and extremely practical, situated at the intersection of what is now Chatham Road and Princess Margaret Road, and well placed to serve Tsim Sha Tsui, Yau Ma Tei and Hung Hom. Fuel for the generators could be transported Chapter 1 easily and it was conveniently placed to serve the needs of both the commercial- residential areas of Yau Ma Tei, the wharves on Canton Road and the industrial area of Hung Hom. Thus the business strategy of its founders contributed positively to the development of these two areas. !"#$%&'()* Star Ferry Pier at Tsim Sha Tsui in the early 20th century In the first two decades of the 20th century,
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