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Mountains of Asia a Regional Inventory
International Centre for Integrated Asia Pacific Mountain Mountain Development Network Mountains of Asia A Regional Inventory Harka Gurung Copyright © 1999 International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development All rights reserved ISBN: 92 9115 936 0 Published by International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development GPO Box 3226 Kathmandu, Nepal Photo Credits Snow in Kabul - Madhukar Rana (top) Transport by mule, Solukhumbu, Nepal - Hilary Lucas (right) Taoist monastry, Sichuan, China - Author (bottom) Banaue terraces, The Philippines - Author (left) The Everest panorama - Hilary Lucas (across cover) All map legends are as per Figure 1 and as below. Mountain Range Mountain Peak River Lake Layout by Sushil Man Joshi Typesetting at ICIMOD Publications' Unit The views and interpretations in this paper are those of the author(s). They are not attributable to the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) and do not imply the expression of any opinion concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Preface ountains have impressed and fascinated men by their majesty and mystery. They also constitute the frontier of human occupancy as the home of ethnic minorities. Of all the Mcontinents, it is Asia that has a profusion of stupendous mountain ranges – including their hill extensions. It would be an immense task to grasp and synthesise such a vast physiographic personality. Thus, what this monograph has attempted to produce is a mere prolegomena towards providing an overview of the regional setting along with physical, cultural, and economic aspects. The text is supplemented with regional maps and photographs produced by the author, and with additional photographs contributed by different individuals working in these regions. -
Crossroads of the Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Georgia & Armenia 2021
Crossroads of the Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Georgia & Armenia 2021 31 AUG – 21 SEP 2021 Code: 22129 Tour Leaders Davit Naskidashvili Physical Ratings With Georgian Archaeologist, Davit Naskidashvili, explore the fascinating history, art, architecture and unforgettable scenery of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia. Overview Travel with Georgian archaeologist, Davit Naskidashvili, on this cultural expedition through the Caucasus. Explore the intricate history and richly varied culture of the Caucasus. Learn how this region was a crossroads of invasion and trade by Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs and Turks and became a vital leg of the famed Silk Route. Journey through some of the world’s most magnificent landscapes, with verdant valleys framed by the great Caucasus Mountains and supreme Ararat. Discover the fascinating, at times eccentric, ultra modern architecture of Baku, including the Flame Towers, Carpet Museum and Zaha Hadid's Heydar Aliyev Centre. Wonder at the richly decorated interior of the Khan’s Summer Palace, Sheki, with exquisite paintings inspired by late medieval Persia. Drive high into the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range to stay in a famous mountain lodge and visit Gergeti Trinity Church framed by high Caucasus peaks, and (optional) Dariali Gorge with a waterfall walk. Visit the Upper Svaneti region, a UNESCO World-heritage site, featuring exceptional mountain scenery with medieval-type villages and distinctive koshki (defensive stone towers). Appreciate the distinctiveness of Armenian religious culture; this was the first state formerly to adopt Christianity as its official religion. View the fascinating decoration of Georgia’s and Armenia’s stunningly located mountain monasteries, that fuses local, Islamic and Western motifs. Enjoy supreme quality Eastern fresco painting in Gelati Monastery (Kutaisi, Georgia) and in the Church of the Dormition (Vardzia, Georgia). -
Crossroads of the Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Georgia & Armenia 2020
Crossroads of the Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Georgia & Armenia 2020 1 SEP – 22 SEP 2020 Code: 22029 Tour Leaders Davit Naskidashvili Physical Ratings With Georgian Archaeologist, Davit Naskidashvili, explore the fascinating history, art, architecture and unforgettable scenery of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia. Overview Travel with Georgian archaeologist, Davit Naskidashvili, on this cultural expedition through the Caucasus. Explore the intricate history and richly varied culture of the Caucasus. Learn how this region was a crossroads of invasion and trade by Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs and Turks and became a vital leg of the famed Silk Route. Journey through some of the world’s most magnificent landscapes, with verdant valleys framed by the great Caucasus Mountains and supreme Ararat. Discover the fascinating, at times eccentric, ultra modern architecture of Baku, including the Flame Towers, Carpet Museum and Zaha Hadid's Heydar Aliyev Centre. Wonder at the richly decorated interior of the Khan’s Summer Palace, Sheki, with exquisite paintings inspired by late medieval Persia. Drive high into the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range to stay in a famous mountain lodge and visit Gergeti Trinity Church framed by high Caucasus peaks, and (optional) Dariali Gorge with a waterfall walk. Visit the Upper Svaneti region, a UNESCO World-heritage site, featuring exceptional mountain scenery with medieval-type villages and distinctive koshki (defensive stone towers). Appreciate the distinctiveness of Armenian religious culture; this was the first state formerly to adopt Christianity as its official religion. View the fascinating decoration of Georgia’s and Armenia’s stunningly located mountain monasteries, that fuses local, Islamic and Western motifs. Enjoy supreme quality Eastern fresco painting in Gelati Monastery (Kutaisi, Georgia) and in the Church of the Dormition (Vardzia, Georgia). -
Glacier Change Over the Last Century, Caucasus Mountains, Georgia
1 Glacier change over the last century, Caucasus Mountains, 2 Georgia, observed from old topographical maps, Landsat and 3 ASTER satellite imagery 4 5 L. G. Tielidze 6 7 Department of Geomorphology, Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography, Ivane 8 Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 6 Tamarashvili st. Tbilisi 0177, Georgia 9 10 Correspondence to: L. G. Tielidze ([email protected]) 11 12 13 Abstract 14 15 Changes in the area and number of glaciers in the Georgian Caucasus mountains were 16 examined over the last century, by comparing recent Landsat and ASTER images (2014) 17 with older topographical maps (1911, 1960) along with middle and high mountain 18 meteorological stations data. Total glacier area decreased by 8.12±1.80% or 49.85±10.60 19 km2 from 613.55±9.80 km2 to 563.70±11.31 km2 during 1911–1960, while the number of 20 glaciers increased from 515 to 786. During 1960-2014, the total ice area decreased by 21 36.88±2.16% or by 207.90±9.78 km2 from 563.70±11.31 km2 to 355.80±8.25 km2, while 22 glacier numbers decreased from 786 to 637. In total, the area of Georgia glaciers 23 reduced by 42.00±1.96% between 1911-2014. The Eastern Caucasus section had the 24 highest retreat rate (67.28±2.01%) over this period, while the central part of Georgian 25 Caucasus had the lowest change rate (34.58±1.83%), with the Western Caucasus 26 intermediate at 42.82 ±2.68%. 27 28 29 1 Introduction 30 31 Alpine glaciers are an important component of the global hydrologic cycle. -
Crossroads of the Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Georgia & Armenia 2022
Crossroads of the Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Georgia & Armenia 2022 30 AUG – 20 SEP 2022 Code: 22229 Tour Leaders Davit Naskidashvili, Ali Oveissi Physical Ratings With Georgian Archaeologist, Davit Naskidashvili, explore the fascinating history, art, architecture and unforgettable scenery of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia. Overview Travel with Georgian archaeologist, Davit Naskidashvili, on this cultural expedition through the Caucasus. Davit will be assisted by Ali Oveissi. Explore the intricate history and richly varied culture of the Caucasus. Learn how this region was a crossroads of invasion and trade by Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs and Turks and became a vital leg of the famed Silk Route. Journey through some of the world’s most magnificent landscapes, with verdant valleys framed by the great Caucasus Mountains and supreme Ararat. Discover the fascinating, at times eccentric, ultra modern architecture of Baku, including the Flame Towers, Carpet Museum and Zaha Hadid's Heydar Aliyev Centre. Wonder at the richly decorated interior of the Khan’s Summer Palace, Sheki, with exquisite paintings inspired by late medieval Persia. Drive high into the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range to stay in a famous mountain lodge and visit Gergeti Trinity Church framed by high Caucasus peaks, and (optional) Dariali Gorge with a waterfall walk. Visit the Upper Svaneti region, a UNESCO World-heritage site, featuring exceptional mountain scenery with medieval-type villages and distinctive koshki (defensive stone towers). Appreciate the distinctiveness of Armenian religious culture; this was the first state formerly to adopt Christianity as its official religion. View the fascinating decoration of Georgia’s and Armenia’s stunningly located mountain monasteries, that fuses local, Islamic and Western motifs. -
Mountains of Discontent: Georgian Alpinism and the Limits of Soviet Equality, 1923-1955
MOUNTAINS OF DISCONTENT: GEORGIAN ALPINISM AND THE LIMITS OF SOVIET EQUALITY, 1923-1955 BY BENJAMIN BAMBERGER DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2019 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Diane Koenker, Chair Professor Mark Steinberg Associate Professor John Randolph Professor Antoinette Burton ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the development of an independent mountaineering community in Georgia and its relationship with the Soviet center from the early 1920s until the immediate post-Stalin period. In 1923, a group of Georgian students led by the mathematician Giorgi Nikoladze and the local guide Iagor Kazalikashvili summited the Kazbegi peak, an imposing 5000-meter high mountain located along the Georgian military highway. This ascent served as the foundation for the creation of a nationally oriented climbing community that focused on summiting Georgian peaks through cooperation with local peoples in mountainous regions. Over the next decade, Georgian alpinists formed their own Geographic Society and made numerous summits on Georgian mountains, making the Georgian alpinist community the only non-Russian organization of alpinists in the Soviet Union at this time. As Soviet tourism centralized and became more ideologically rigid in the early 1930s, Georgian climbers came under pressure from Moscow to conform to the new norms of proletarian touring. The centralization of Soviet mountaineering meant that over the next three decades, Georgian alpinists were repeatedly denied autonomy over where and when to climb and were criticized for their insistence on developing alpinism among the mountainous populations of Georgia instead of workers in industrial centers. -
Crossroads of the Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Georgia & Armenia
Crossroads of the Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Georgia & Armenia 29 AUG – 19 SEP 2017 Code: 21723 Tour Leaders Iain Shearer Physical Ratings Explore the fascinating history, art, architecture and unforgettable scenery of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia. Overview Tour Highlights Explore the intricate history and richly varied culture of the Caucasus with Iain Shearer. Learn how this region was a crossroads of invasion and trade by Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs and Turks and became a vital leg of the famed Silk Route. Journey through some of the world’s most magnificent landscapes, with verdant valleys framed by the great Caucasus Mountains and supreme Ararat. Discover the fascinating, at times eccentric, ultra modern architecture of Baku, including the Flame Towers, Carpet Museum and Zaha Hadid's Heydar Aliyev Centre. Wonder at the richly decorated interior of the Khan’s Summer Palace, Sheki, with exquisite paintings inspired by late medieval Persia. Drive high into the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range to stay in a famous mountain lodge and visit Gergeti Trinity Church framed by high Caucasus peaks, and (optional) Dariali Gorge with a waterfall walk. Appreciate the distinctiveness of Armenian religious culture; this was the first state formerly to adopt Christianity as its official religion. View the fascinating decoration of Georgia’s and Armenia’s stunningly located mountain monasteries, that fuses local, Islamic and Western motifs. Take the ‘Wings of Tatev’, a 5.7-kilometre cableway, to the Tatev Monastery, built on a natural fortress of rock overlooking the Vorotan Canyon and the peaks of Karabakh. Enjoy supreme quality Eastern fresco painting in Gelati Monastery (Kutaisi, Georgia), Akhtala Monastery (Armenia), and in the Church of the Dormition (Vardzia, Armenia). -
Atti Del Museo Civico Di Storia Naturale Di Trieste
ATTI DEL MUSEO CIVICO DI STORIA NATURALE DI TRIESTE TRIESTE 2012 VOL. 55 - 2012 ATTI DEL MUSEO CIVICO DI STORIA NATURALE DI TRIESTE VOL. 55 – 2012 ISSN: 0335-1576 DIREZIONE E REDAZIONE Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Via Tominz, 4 - 34139 Trieste - Italia Tel. +390406758227/662 - Fax +39 040 6758230 e-mail: [email protected] Scambi: [email protected] www.retecivica.trieste.it/triestecultura/musei/scientifici COMITATO SCIENTIFICO Franco Andreone, Trieste (Biologia) Deborah Arbulla, Trieste (Paleontologia) Pietro Brandmayr, Cosenza (Ecologia, Entomologia) Luigi Capasso, Chieti (Biologia) Giovanni Battista Carulli, Trieste (Geologia) Michele Cotogno, Trieste (Botanica) Willy De Mattia, Trieste (Malacologia) Franco Frilli, Udine (Entomologia) Fabrizio Martini, Trieste (Botanica) Emanuela Montanari Kokelj, Trieste (Preistoria e Protostoria) Giuliano Orel, Trieste (Biologia marina) Paolo Parenti, Milano (Ittiologia) Livio Poldini, Trieste (Botanica) Benedetto Sala, Ferrara (Paleontologia) DIRETTORE RESPONSABILE Nicola Bressi REDAZIONE Marino Vocci Livio Fogar A causa del trasferimento del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste nella nuova sede di Via dei Tominz 4, gli Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste nel 2010 e nel 2011 non sono stati pubblicati. La pubblicazione riprende regolarmente nel 2012 con il volume 55. As a result of the Museum’s move to its new location in Via dei Tominz 4, we were forced to interrupt the publishing of the Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste for the years 2010 and 2011. Its publication is being resumed regularly from this year, 2012, with volume 55. In copertina: osso faringeo sinisro di Chondrostoma nasus (scala 2:1, disegno originale di Laura Claudio). -
Alpine Journal Index for Years 1988 - 2007
Alpine Journal Index for Years 1988 - 2007 Reference ref: year- Reference text page no. AACB (Akademischer 2005-260 photo Alpenclub Bern) 2005-261 Aarseth, Sverra 2001-359 2001-77 art. 'Three Solo Adventures in the Atacama', Aarseth, Sverre 1998-344 (with Scott Tremaine) obit. of Lyman Spitzer, Abominable! Cartoon of the 1999-84 Yeti Abraham, G D and A P 2000-211 Abraham, George & Ashley 2007-98 and. The Crux exhibition, 2007-99 Abruzzi, Duke of the 2000-211 Abruzzi, The Duke of the 1998-236 Access to mountains 2005-270 Acclimatisation 1998-33 Aconcagua 1993-265 2007-188 Aconcagua (Argentina) 1990-122 Acopantepui (Venezuela) 2004-76 art. Venezuelan Verticality', 2004-84 topo Adam Smith, Janet 1995-352 1997-314 book Mountain Holidays reviewed by Harold Drasdo, 1998-337 obit. of Ella Maillart, 2001-p45 plate Adam Smith, Janet (Janet 1994-326 obits. of Dame Freya Stark, Carleton) 1994-329 and Charmian Longstaff Adam Smith, Janet and Peter 1992-203 art. 'Wordsworth and the Alps', Bicknell 1992-337 1992-347 Adam Smith, Janet, OBE 2000-283 obituary by Luke Hughes, 2000-286 tributes by Roger Chorley 2000-287 Denise Evans 2000-295 obituary by J Adam Smith of Christine Bicknell CBE 2000-p72 plate Adamello 1996-237 Adams Carter, H 1993-262 1994-274 art.'North America 1993', 1994-353 Addis, Peter 1996-192 art. 'The Ala Dag Mystery Peak', 1996-357 Afghanistan 2004-327 art. 'Afghanistan 2003', 2006-163 art. 'The Yak King of Lashkergaaz', 2006-302 'Afghanistan & Pakistan 2005' Africa 1989-154 arts. 'In the Footsteps of Mackinder', 1989-162 'Laymen on Lenana' 1989-170 arts. -
Volumes 74 to 92 1968 to 1987
Volumes 74 to 92 INDEX The Alpine Journal 1969-87 Compiled by J .R. Murray The Alpine Club, 74 South Audley Street, London Wl Y 5FF ISBN 0 900523 56 5 Printed by Titus Wilson & Son Ltd., Kendal, Cumbria. Foreword This index has been compiled on the same basis as the previous volume. The only illustrations that have been indexed are, in general, those of single mountains or ranges which are likely to be helpful or of interest. Now that there are more articles about the Greater Ranges than the Alps, the Special Districts section in this index has been expanded to include Alpine articles. I am grateful to Mr W.L. 'Robin' Robinson for his practical help and very useful advice in compiling this index, and to Sheila Harrison for her work on the typescript and for coping with my hand-writing. The following abbreviations have been used : art. = article M.E.F. = Mount Everest Foundation Aig. = Aiguille Mt = Mount, Mont asc. = ascent Mte = Monte C.A.F. = Club Alpin Francais obit. = obituary c.A.1. = Club Alpin Italiano port. = portrait ed. = editor Pt = Point exped(s) = expedition(s) Pta = Punta Ln. = footnote Pte = Pointe ill. = illustration U.I.A.A. = Union International I.M.F. = Indian Mountaineering des Associations Federation d' Alpinisme John Murray GENERAL INDEX 3 ABALAKOV, V.M.: obit. 92289 Accidents: Abi Gamin: 4th asc., 75 195 Transalai Pamir, 80 263 Abominable Snowman: Tukucha West, 76229 investigation, 80 101-4 Unnamed (Himachal Pradesh), notes, 80 285; 85 247 74226 Abraham, A.P. & G.D.: Vancouver, Mt, 74242 their careers, art.