Traditionalists, Infallibility and the Pope (1995, 2006)
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The First Eight General Councils and Papal Infallibility
THE FIRST EIGHT GENERAL COUNCILS AND PAPAL INFALLIBITY BY DOM JOHN CHAPMAN, O.S.B. LONDON CATHOLIC TRUTH SOCIETY 69 SOUTIIWARK BRIDGE ROAD, S.E. 1906 PREFACE These pages are simply a lecture delivered on May 15, 1906 before the Society of St. Thomas of Canterbury, "Students of the West." In accordance with the title of this Society, its members inquire into the views of others. After the lectures which are given at their invitation, a discussion follows. It is not to be presumed that members of the Society agree with what they hear. The Catholic Truth Society has kindly under taken to publish my lecture at my own request, as I hope that the historical' data I have put together may be found useful in this compact form. I am conscious that the subject was far too large for a single lecture, and that some of the views put forward may seem crude without more elaborate justification than a few references and notes. The part which deals with Dr. Dollinger and the Old Catholic movement was added by special request, and it may perhaps be regarded as somewhat of an excrescence. JOHN CHAPMAN, O.S.B. Erdington Abbey, Birmingham. CONTENTS I'AGF. Introduction 7 I. Nic.ia 9 II. Constantinople 13 III. Ephesus 16 IV. Chalcedon 22 V. Constantinople (II) 44 VI. Constantinople (III) 60 VII. Nic^a (II) 68 VIII. Constantinople (IV) 77 , IX. The Vatican Council and History . .84 5 The First Eight General Councils and Papal Infallibility The councils which we accept to-day as oecumeni cal are divided by a broad line into two great groups : the first eight councils are Greek, the rest are Latin. -
The Institute of Catholic Studies Fall Courses 2020
The Institute of Catholic Studies Fall Courses 2020 1 The Aim of the Catholic Studies Program The mission of the Institute of Catholic Studies is to provide students, faculty, and the larger community with the opportunity to deepen their knowledge of how Catholicism and Catholics have interacted with the world, both shaping and being shaped by culture and society in the past and in the present. As Catholic and Jesuit, John Carroll University is an ideal home for such an undertaking. Through an interdisciplinary Catholic Studies Program, the Institute provides opportunities for encounter with and formation in the Catholic intellectual tradition as expressed in many scholarly disciplines from philosophy to science. It offers courses and public events that highlight the contributions of Catholic intellectuals and scholars that explore the current conditions in which Catholics find themselves in the first decade of the twenty-first century. By these undertakings the Institute offers students a solid interdisciplinary foundation for understanding the interaction of faith and culture in the past as well as for navigating their way in the future. 2 Catholic Studies Courses Fall Courses 2020 HS 218: Saints and Scoundrels: The Jesuits from Renaissance to Revolution (ISJ) Dr. Paul Murphy (MWF 9:00-9:50am) Will examine the Society of Jesus, one of the most prominent, notorious, talented, and despised groups in the modern world. We will seek to clarify the historical and cultural significance of the Society of Jesus, the largest religious order in -
The Catholic Reformation 1545
10$ THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION $ 1545 - 1648AD In this article, we will look at: Hadrian (1459-1523), sometimes called Adrian, succeeds Pope Leo X. He is a respected scholar and • Catholic reform prior to the Council of Trent former teacher of Erasmus. This Dutchman is the • Council of Trent last non-Italian pope until the election of John Paul II • Implementing the Council in 1978. He is in Spain when elected pope. But • The Jesuits before leaving for Rome, he writes a stern letter to • Catholic mystics and activists the College of Cardinals stating that he is coming not to celebrate with them but to chastise and correct • Enduring legacy of Trent them. He also writes to secular leaders throughout There is no doubt that the Catholic Church is in dire the Empire, criticizing them for creating a culture need of reform when Martin Luther posts his Ninety- prone to clerical corruption. Five Theses on the door of the church in Wittenberg in 1517. Many of the popes and other church leaders In one such letter to a Prince, Hadrian said: “All of lead scandalous lives and neglect the pastoral care of us, prelates and clergy, have turned aside from the their people. road of righteousness and for a long time now there has been not even one who did good…. You must Having said that, some people within the Church try therefore promise in our name that we intend to exert to bring reform. Cardinal de Cisneros, a Catholic ourselves so that, first of all, the Roman Curia, from leader in Spain from 1495 to1517, brings about many which perhaps all this evil took its start, may be reforms in his country, which is the main reason improved. -
A Controversial Neutrality and Thwarted Peace Efforts : the Month and Pope Benedict XV's Great War Record
MELITA THEOLOGICA * Konrad Grech 1 Journal of the Faculty of !eology University of Malta 66/2 (2016): 5-31 A Controversial Neutrality and !warted Peace E"orts: e Month and Pope Benedict XV’s Great War Record Introduction hroughout the Great War of 1914-1918 and the “six months that changed Tthe world” which followed in 1919, 2 the Jesuit British Province’s journal, e Month, 3 highlighted Pope Benedict XV’s role and activity in the face of the ensuing con"ict. !e Pope’s political stance of an “impartial neutrality,” and diplomatic e#orts in favour of humanitarian aid, were the special object of a “running commentary” of articles and news briefs 4 by the said journal, written in an informative and analytical style. !ey attempted to correct misinterpretations of Pope Benedict’s policies, by the two sides of the con"ict, the Entente 5 and Central Powers 6 and, especially, his vili$cation by their respective press. 1 Konrad Grech SJ is head of the Department of Church History, Patrology and Palaeochristian Archeology at the Faculty of !eology, University of Malta. 2 See Margaret MacMillan, Paris 1919: Six Months that Changed the World (New York: Random House, 2002). 3 e Month was a Jesuit review published in the period 1865-2000 by the British Province of the Society of Jesus. !is article si%s through the numbers for War years 1914-18 and the following year 1919 - sixty issues in all. 4 e Month had a section called “Miscellanea: Topics of the Month,” which analyzed War news briefs and other speci$c topics. -
Events of the Reformation Part 1 – Church Becomes Powerful Institution
May 20, 2018 Events of the Reformation Protestants and Roman Catholics agree on first 5 centuries. What changed? Why did some in the Church want reform by the 16th century? Outline Why the Reformation? 1. Church becomes powerful institution. 2. Additional teaching and practices were added. 3. People begin questioning the Church. 4. Martin Luther’s protest. Part 1 – Church Becomes Powerful Institution Evidence of Rome’s power grab • In 2nd century we see bishops over regions; people looked to them for guidance. • Around 195AD there was dispute over which day to celebrate Passover (14th Nissan vs. Sunday) • Polycarp said 14th Nissan, but now Victor (Bishop of Rome) liked Sunday. • A council was convened to decide, and they decided on Sunday. • But bishops of Asia continued the Passover on 14th Nissan. • Eusebius wrote what happened next: “Thereupon Victor, who presided over the church at Rome, immediately attempted to cut off from the common unity the parishes of all Asia, with the churches that agreed with them, as heterodox [heretics]; and he wrote letters and declared all the brethren there wholly excommunicate.” (Eus., Hist. eccl. 5.24.9) Everyone started looking to Rome to settle disputes • Rome was always ending up on the winning side in their handling of controversial topics. 1 • So through a combination of the fact that Rome was the most important city in the ancient world and its bishop was always right doctrinally then everyone started looking to Rome. • So Rome took that power and developed it into the Roman Catholic Church by the 600s. Church granted power to rule • Constantine gave the pope power to rule over Italy, Jerusalem, Constantinople and Alexandria. -
Is Papal Infallibility Reasonable? : a Divine Safeguard Against Error
/IDM7£ )Q r?S5HU ! IS PAPAL INFALLIBILITY K REASONABLE? .oh, nasi t.n.u. A DIVINE SAFEGUARD AGAINST ERROR By the Rev. John A. O’Brien, Ph. D.. Chaplain of the Catholic Students, University of Illinois. IS PAPAL INFALLIBILITY A DIVINE SAFEGUARD AGAINST ERROR 2nd Edition, 10,000 By the Rev. John A. O’Brien, Ph. D., Chaplain of the Catholic Students, University of Illinois. Nihil Obstat: REV. T. E. DILLON Censor Librorum Imprimatur: + JOHN FRANCIS NOLL, D. D. Bishop of Fort Wayne OUR SUNDAY VISITOR PRESS Huntington, Indiana : IS PAPAL INFALLIBILITY REASONABLE? There is probably no dogma of the Catholic refligion, which is so fre- quently misunderstood, and which oc- casions so much opposition on the part of our dear non-Catholic friends, as that which proclaims the infallible teaching authority of the Church as centered in the person of her supreme head, the Pope, the ruler of Christ's Church on earth. Let me invite our dear non-Catholic readers to consider this question in a calm, friendly man- ner. I am confident they will find that wr hat they really wage war against is not papal infallibility as held by the Catholic Church, but a caricature of that teaching which ex- ists only in their minds. I would ask but one favor of them That they approach this discussion with an open mind. To establish the truthfulness and the reasonableness of this teaching of our holy faith, 1 shall appeal not to the authority of : 2 Is Papal Infallibility Reasonable? the Church, but to the words of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ, and to the court of common understand- ing. -
Inside the Vatican the Papacy: Is the Pope King?
Inside the Vatican The Papacy: Is the Pope King? Misconceptions 1. The Pope cannot sin 2. Everything the Pope says is infallible 3. Catholics worship the Pope 4. Pope is a dictator Definition of Infallibility Infallible 1. Incapable of error; not liable to deceive or mislead 2. Absolutely trustworthy or sure Applies to the Papacy VS. Impeccable: 1. faultless; flawless; irreproachable 2. not liable to sin; incapable of sin. Does NOT apply to the Papacy Three Requirements for Infallibility 1. The pronouncement must be made by the official successor to Peter. 2. The subject matter must be in the area of faith and morals. 3. The Pope must be speaking ex cathedra (from the chair) of Peter, and must be intending to proclaim a doctrine that binds the entire Church to assent. Apostolic Succession “I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven” Mt. 16:19 Therefore his definitions, of themselves, and not from the consent of the Church, are justly held irreformable, for they are pronounced with the assistance of the Holy Spirit, an assistance promised to him in blessed Peter." - Second Vatican Council The Holy Spirit’s Role Jesus Christ is the Head of the Church The Holy Spirit guides the Church "When the Spirit of truth comes He will guide you to all truth” –John 16:13 “So that she can fulfill her mission, the Holy Spirit ‘bestows upon the Church varied hierarchic and charismatic gifts, and in this way directs her’” CCC 768 Ex Cathedra “From the chair” in Latin “Jesus spoke of the authority of the Old Testament magisterium saying, ‘The scribes and the Pharisees have taken their seat on the chair of Moses. -
Tradition in Revolution: Harold J. Berman and the Historical Understanding of the Papacy
Zeitschri des Max-Planck-Instituts für europäische Rechtsgeschichte Rechts Rg Journal of the Max Planck Institute for European Legal History geschichte Rechtsgeschichte Legal History www.rg.mpg.de http://www.rg-rechtsgeschichte.de/rg21 Rg 21 2013 219 – 223 Charles J. Reid Tradition in Revolution: Harold J. Berman and the Historical Understanding of the Papacy Dieser Beitrag steht unter einer Creative Commons cc-by-nc-nd 3.0 Forum forum Charles J. Reid Tradition in Revolution: Harold J. Berman and the Historical Understanding of the Papacy Jaroslav Pelikan put it well: »Tradition,« he said, On the other hand, of course, tradition might »is the living faith of the dead;« while »traditional- be seen as Jaroslav Pelikan understood the concept ism is the dead faith of the living.« 1 Harold Ber- – as dynamic, as fluid, as the response of an man taught me the significance of this quotation historically-grounded but still vital community to during our time together at Emory University fresh challenges. Tradition becomes, on this model, School of Law. It was a favorite of his – he used a source of guidance. It provides continuity in it oen in conversation and in published work. 2 disruptive times, but it is not itself constraining. I am a Catholic myself and I am well aware of It recognizes that an awareness of the past is the normative force of tradition in my Church. The necessary to prevent the fragmentation of society, Catechism of the Catholic Church defines tradition as to keep us committed to our shared story, to stop »the living transmission« of the message of the us from looking at one another as strangers. -
XVII. Other XVI Century Developments A. Anabaptism 1. Defined And
XVII. Other XVI Century Developments A. Anabaptism 1. Defined and described a. “baptize again” = believer’s baptism b. classed as “Radical Reformation” = Restitutionists vs. Reformers c. most representatives were very pious 1) Bible only; many reject theology and the fathers 2) took names “Brethren” or “Christians” 3) Christians should have no part in civil government 4) rejected state church 5) many were post-mil chiliasts; some were Socinian 2. Fanaticism a. Melchior Hoffmann in Strasbourg from 1522-1548 declares it the New Jerusalem b. Munster fiasco (ca. 1534-1536) 1) Jan Mathys a) self-proclaimed “reincarnated Enoch” to usher in the Kingdom of God b) opponents purged from New Jerusalem c) community of goods instituted 2) Jan of Leyden a) self-crowned “King David” after Mathys killed during siege b) appointed 12 apostles c) polygamy promoted 3) Lutherans and RCs unite in conquest 4) black eye for Anabaptists c. Menno Simons (1496-1561) 1) Dutch RC priest converted by Luther’s writings a) evolved into Anabaptist b) active in Holland and N. Germany 2) wrote vs. Protestants and radical Anabaptists like Jan of Leyden 3) ideas of the Mennonites a) community of believers b) non-violence and non-resistance; pacifism c) distrust of learning & dogma d) footwashing 4) spread a) before 1700 to Poland and Russia and Switzerland b) after 1700, many Swiss Mennonites to N. America 10.1 * B. Counter-reformation 1. early attitude of the papacy a. popes not the main force behind RC reforms b. significant popes 1) Paul III (1534-1549) 1540 - approved Jesuits 1542 - initiated Roman Inquisition 1545 - presided at opening session of Trent 2) Paul IV [Cardinal Caraffa] (1555-1559) a) unwilling to make concessions to Protestants b) nepotism is somewhat curbed 3) Pius IV eradicates all nepotism c. -
Christopher White Table of Contents
Christopher White Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Peter the “rock”? ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Churches change over time ...................................................................................................................... 6 The Church and her earthly pilgrimage .................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1 The Apostle Peter (d. 64?) : First Bishop and Pope of Rome? .................................................. 11 Peter in Rome ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Yes and No .............................................................................................................................................. 13 The death of Peter .................................................................................................................................. 15 Chapter 2 Pope Sylvester (314-335): Constantine’s Pope ......................................................................... 16 Constantine and his imprint .................................................................................................................... 17 “Remembering” Sylvester ...................................................................................................................... -
History 329 the ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, 1500-PRESENT
History 330 University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Spring 2021 THE PAPACY IN HISTORY Meetings: online, asynchronous Instructor: Professor Neal Pease Office Hours: Virtual: contact by email, as and when needed E-mail: [email protected] Final Exam: F May 21, deadline for turn in 5:30 pm E-mail Classlist: [email protected] Course Description This course will survey the history of the papacy, the world’s most visible and influential religious office, from its origins to the present day. The course will examine the place of the papacy within the belief system and organization of the Catholic Church, and in the wider world. The course will naturally emphasize developments in Europe, the historical homeland of Catholicism, but will also examine the impact of the papacy in other regions of the globe. Not open to students with cr in Hist 600 with same topic. Prereq: jr st; satisfaction of GER English Composition competency req. Topics to be covered will include, among others • The beginnings of the papacy • The Medieval papacy • The papacy and the era of reformation • The papacy in the modern era Requirements 1. Attentive study of weekly annotated PowerPoint lecture presentations posted on course Canvas site and completion of reading/viewing assignments. 2. Two essays, each 7 -10 pages long, on one of the suggested essay topics handed out two weeks before the due date, or a review of any book listed as “recommended reading” in the syllabus (not required course readings, or reference works). Papers are due F Feb 26 and F Apr 9. Papers turned in late will be penalized in grading unless the student asks for, and expressly receives, an extension in advance of the due date. -
Byzantine Lutheranism!
Byzantine Lutheranism? Byzantine Lutheranism! Through the 1596 Union of Brest, many Ruthenian Orthodox bishops, with their eparchies, entered into communion with the Pope at Rome. They did this with the understanding that they and their successors would always be able to preserve their distinctive Eastern customs, such as a married priesthood, and the use of the Byzantine Rite for worship, in a language understood by the people. The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church became (and remains) the heir of this 1596 union. The region of Galicia in eastern Europe (now a part of Ukraine), inhabited mostly by ethnic Ukrainians, was a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the end of the First World War. After a few years of regional conflict Galicia then came under the jurisdiction of a newly reconstituted Polish state. Soon thereafter, under pressure from the hierarchy of the Polish Roman Catholic Church and with the collusion of the Pope, the Stanyslaviv Eparchy of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in Galicia began to undergo an imposed Latinization. This Latinization process manifested itself chiefly in the prohibition of any future ordinations of married men, and in the requirement that the Western Rite Latin Mass be used for worship. The Ukrainians who were affected by this felt betrayed, and many of them began to reconsider their ecclesiastical associations and allegiance to the Pope. This was the setting for the emergence of a Lutheran movement among the Ukrainians of this region, in the 1920s. This movement was initially prompted by two