The Long-Range Weapon Threat
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Preparing for Nuclear War: President Reagan's Program
The Center for Defense Infomliansupports a strong eelens* but opposes e-xces- s~eexpenditures or forces It tetiev~Dial strong social, economic and political structures conifflaute equally w national security and are essential to the strength and welfareof our country - @ 1982 CENTER FOR DEFENSE INFORMATION-WASHINGTON, D.C. 1.S.S.N. #0195-6450 Volume X, Number 8 PREPARING FOR NUCLEAR WAR: PRESIDENT REAGAN'S PROGRAM Defense Monitor in Brief President Reagan and his advisors appear to be preparing the United States for nuclear war with the Soviet Union. President Reagan plans to spend $222 Billion in the next six years in an effort to achieve the capacity to fight and win a nuclear war. The U.S. has about 30,000 nuclear weapons today. The U.S. plans to build 17,000 new nuclear weapons in the next decade. Technological advances in the U.S. and U.S.S.R. and changes in nuclear war planning are major factors in the weapons build-up and make nuclear war more likely. Development of new U.S. nuclear weapons like the MX missile create the impression in the U.S., Europe, and the Soviet Union that the U.S.is buildinga nuclear force todestroy the Soviet nuclear arsenal in a preemptive attack. Some of the U.S. weapons being developed may require the abrogation of existing arms control treaties such as the ABM Treaty and Outer Space Treaty, and make any future agreements to restrain the growth of nuclear weapons more difficult to achieve. Nuclear "superiority" loses its meaning when the U.S. -
A History of Ballistic Missile Development in the DPRK
Occasional Paper No. 2 A History of Ballistic Missile Development in the DPRK Joseph S. Bermudez Jr. Monitoring Proliferation Threats Project MONTEREY INSTITUTE CENTER FOR NONPROLIFERATION STUDIES OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES THE CENTER FOR NONPROLIFERATION STUDIES The Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) at the Monterey Institute of International Studies (MIIS) is the largest non-governmental organization in the United States devoted exclusively to research and training on nonproliferation issues. Dr. William C. Potter is the director of CNS, which has a staff of more than 50 full- time personnel and 65 student research assistants, with offices in Monterey, CA; Washington, DC; and Almaty, Kazakhstan. The mission of CNS is to combat the spread of weapons of mass destruction by training the next generation of nonproliferation specialists and disseminating timely information and analysis. For more information on the projects and publications of CNS, contact: Center for Nonproliferation Studies Monterey Institute of International Studies 425 Van Buren Street Monterey, California 93940 USA Tel: 831.647.4154 Fax: 831.647.3519 E-mail: [email protected] Internet Web Site: http://cns.miis.edu CNS Publications Staff Editor Jeffrey W. Knopf Managing Editor Sarah J. Diehl Copyright © Joseph S. Bermudez Jr., 1999. OCCASIONAL PAPERS AVAILABLE FROM CNS: No. 1 Former Soviet Biological Weapons Facilities in Kazakhstan: Past, Present, and Future, by Gulbarshyn Bozheyeva, Yerlan Kunakbayev, and Dastan Yeleukenov, June 1999 No. 2 A History of Ballistic Missile Development in the DPRK, by Joseph S. Bermudez Jr., November 1999 No. 3 Nonproliferation Regimes at Risk, Michael Barletta and Amy Sands, eds., November 1999 Please contact: Managing Editor Center for Nonproliferation Studies Monterey Institute of International Studies 425 Van Buren Street Monterey, California 93940 USA Tel: 831.647.3596 Fax: 831.647.6534 A History of Ballistic Missile Development in the DPRK [Note: Page numbers given do not correctly match pages in this PDF version.] Contents Foreword ii by Timothy V. -
Phillip Saunders Testimony
Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Hearing on China’s Nucle ar Force s June 10, 2021 Phillip C. Saunders Director, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs Institute of National Strategic Studies, National Defense University The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the National Defense University, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. government. Introduction The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is in the midst of an ambitious strategic modernization that will transform its nuclear arsenal from a limited ground-based nuclear force intended to provide an assured second strike after a nuclear attack into a much larger, technologically advanced, and diverse nuclear triad that will provide PRC leaders with new strategic options. China also fields an increasing number of dual-capable medium and intermediate-range ballistic missiles whose status within a future regional crisis or conflict may be unclear, potentially casting a nuclear shadow over U.S. and allied military operations. In addition to more accurate and more survivable delivery systems, this modernization includes improvements to the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) nuclear command, control, and communications (NC3) and strategic intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) systems that will provide PRC leaders with greater situational awareness in a crisis or conflict. These systems will also support development of ballistic missile defenses (BMD) and enable possible shifts in PRC nuclear -
Air-Directed Surface-To-Air Missile Study Methodology
H. T. KAUDERER Air-Directed Surface-to-Air Missile Study Methodology H. Todd Kauderer During June 1995 through September 1998, APL conducted a series of Warfare Analysis Laboratory Exercises (WALEXs) in support of the Naval Air Systems Command. The goal of these exercises was to examine a concept then known as the Air-Directed Surface-to-Air Missile (ADSAM) System in support of Navy Overland Cruise Missile Defense. A team of analysts and engineers from APL and elsewhere was assembled to develop a high-fidelity, physics-based engineering modeling process suitable for understanding and assessing the performance of both individual systems and a “system of systems.” Results of the initial ADSAM Study effort served as the basis for a series of WALEXs involving senior Flag and General Officers and were subsequently presented to the (then) Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology. (Keywords: ADSAM, Cruise missiles, Land Attack Cruise Missile Defense, Modeling and simulation, Overland Cruise Missile Defense.) INTRODUCTION In June 1995 the Naval Air Systems Command • Developing an analytical methodology that tied to- (NAVAIR) asked APL to examine the Air-Directed gether a series of previously distinct, “stovepiped” Surface-to-Air Missile (ADSAM) System concept for high-fidelity engineering models into an integrated their Overland Cruise Missile Defense (OCMD) doc- system that allowed the detailed analysis of a “system trine. NAVAIR was concerned that a number of impor- of systems” tant air defense–related decisions were being made -
A Low-Visibility Force Multiplier Assessing China’S Cruise Missile Ambitions
Gormley, Erickson, and Yuan and Erickson, Gormley, A Low-Visibility Force Multiplier ASSESSING CHINA’s CRUISE MISSILE AMBITIONS Dennis M. Gormley, Andrew S. Erickson, and Jingdong Yuan and Jingdong Yuan Jingdong and S. Erickson, Andrew Dennis M. Gormley, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs The Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs (China Center) was established as an integral part of the National Defense University’s Institute for National Strategic Studies on March 1, 2000, pursuant to Section 914 of the 2000 National Defense Authorization Act. The China Center’s mission is to serve as a national focal point and resource center for multidisciplinary research and analytic exchanges on the national goals and strategic posture of the People’s Republic of China and to focus on China’s ability to develop, field, and deploy an effective military instrument in support of its national strategic objectives. Cover photo: Missile launch from Chinese submarine during China-Russia joint military exercise in eastern China’s Shandong Peninsula. Photo © CHINA NEWSPHOTO/Reuters/Corbis A Low-Visibility Force Multiplier A Low-Visibility Force Multiplier ASSESSING CHINA’s CRUISE MISSILE AMBITIONS Dennis M. Gormley, Andrew S. Erickson, and Jingdong Yuan Published by National Defense University Press for the Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs Institute for National Strategic Studies Washington, D.C. 2014 The ideas expressed in this study are those of the authors alone. They do not represent the policies or estimates of the U.S. Navy or any other organization of the U.S. Government. All the resources referenced are unclassified, predominantly from non-U.S. -
SIPRI Yearbook 2014: Armaments, Disarmament and Interntional
SIPRI YEARBOOK 2014 Armaments, Disarmament and International Security Transfers of long-range guided missiles PIETER D. WEZEMAN STOCKHOLM INTERNATIONAL PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE Transfers of long-range guided missiles PIETER D. WEZEMAN Contents The Korean peninsula 275 Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates 276 India and Pakistan 277 Conclusions 278 Table 5.5. Transfers of guided missiles with conventional warheads and land-attack 274 capabilities with ranges from 200 kilometres, 2004–13 This is an offprint of section II of chapter 5 of SIPRI Yearbook 2014: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security Oxford University Press, 2014 Hardback, ISBN 978–0–19–871259–6, xxii+581 pp., £100/$185 The SIPRI Yearbook is published and distributed in print and online by Oxford University Press—more information is available at <http://www.sipriyearbook.org/> 1 www.sipriyearbook.org INTERNATIONAL ARMS TRANSFERS 273 II. Transfers of long-range guided missiles PIETER D. WEZEMAN A significant number of countries have, or are seeking to acquire, guided missiles that can be launched at sufficient distance to allow the attacking personnel—and the high-value platforms from which it launches the mis- siles (e.g. aircraft, land based launchers or ships)—to evade defensive fire. Regardless of the specific design of the missile—whether they are rocket propelled and wingless ballistic missiles or cruise missiles equipped with air-breathing engines—these missiles are generally capable of attacking targets with a high degree of accuracy and are difficult to defend against. The military significance of such long-range missiles has been underlined by their use by, for example, the United States and the United Kingdom in Iraq in 2003 and by the USA, UK, France, Italy and the United Arab Emir- ates (UAE) in Libya in 2011.1 There is no universal agreement on what constitutes long-range guided missiles. -
Cruise Missile Proliferation
Order Code RS21252 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Cruise Missile Proliferation Andrew Feickert Updated July 28, 2005 Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary About 75 countries currently possess cruise missiles.1 Many experts predict that anti — ship and land attack cruise missile proliferation will increase in terms of both scope and technological sophistication. This report will be updated as events warrant. Introduction There are reportedly about 130 different types of cruise missiles in the world today and approximately 75 different countries are believed to have cruise missiles — with the majority of these countries having only short range anti-ship cruise missiles (ASCM).2 In testimony to to the Senate Armed Services Committee on March 17, 2005, the Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), Vice Admiral Lowell E. Jacoby stated: The numbers and capabilities of cruise missiles will increase, fueled by maturation of land-attack and Ant-Ship Cruise Missile (ASCM) programs in Europe, Russia, and China, sales of competing systems, and the spread of advanced-dual use technologies and materials. Countering today’s ASCMs is a challenging problem and the difficulty in countering these systems will increase with the introduction of more advanced guidance and propulsion technologies. Several ASCMs will have a secondary land- attack role.3 Land attack cruise missiles (LACMs), which can be launched against ground targets from the air, surface naval vessels, submarines, and from the ground, are of particular concern. According to the U.S. National Air and Space Intelligence Center: 1 Cruise missiles differ from ballistic missiles in that they are powered throughout their entire flight and fly a relatively flat, as opposed to ballistic, course to the target. -
C-MASAD-82-13 Air Launched Cruise Missile Shows Promise but Problems Could Result in Operational Limitations
“” $fcukwJ 11fg'This is an unclassified digest ftihed in lieu of',, it a report con-8 classified security information. 1 ",,,, ,mm,, ,',,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,m,,m,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,s REPORT BY THE COMPTROLLER AIR LAUNCHED CRUISE MISSILE GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES SHOWS PROMISE BUT PROBLEMS COULD RESULT TN OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS ---m-mDIGEST The Air Launched Cruise Missile (ALCM) is a sub- sonic, jet-powered airframe armed with a nuclear warhead for use against a variety of targets. ALCM u,ses sophisticated navigational aids for flying at low altitudes, avoiding detection, and for obtaining a high degree of accuracy in strik- ing targets. ALCM is to be used with the bomber component of U.S. strategic offensive forces. (See p. 1.) This report is part of GAO's annual review ef- forts to provide the Congress with an independ-, ent evaluation of certain weapon system programs, and with information to consider when making judgments concerning the ALCM program. The De- partment of Defense has placed the highest na- tional priority on the deployment of ALCM to preclude shortfalls in strategic weapons in the 1980s. On September 30, 1981, ALCM attained first alert capability status, a major program milestone leading to initial operational capability planned for December' 1982. First alert capability refers to 1 B-52G bomber capable of alert status and equipped with (1) an offensive avionics system, (2) 12 external ALCMs, and (3) internal short- range missiles and/or gravity bombs. Initial operational capability requires a B-$2G squadron--l6 aircraft--similarly equipped. (See p. 3.) Meeting initial operational capability in December 1982 with a fully operational missile may be achievable, albeit difficult. -
GAO-21-378, HYPERSONIC WEAPONS: DOD Should Clarify
United States Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Addressees March 2021 HYPERSONIC WEAPONS DOD Should Clarify Roles and Responsibilities to Ensure Coordination across Development Efforts GAO-21-378 March 2021 HYPERSONIC WEAPONS DOD Should Clarify Roles and Responsibilities to Ensure Coordination across Development Efforts Highlights of GAO-21-378, a report to congressional addressees Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found Hypersonic missiles, which are an GAO identified 70 efforts to develop hypersonic weapons and related important part of building hypersonic technologies that are estimated to cost almost $15 billion from fiscal years 2015 weapon systems, move at least five through 2024 (see figure). These efforts are widespread across the Department times the speed of sound, have of Defense (DOD) in collaboration with the Department of Energy (DOE) and, in unpredictable flight paths, and are the case of hypersonic technology development, the National Aeronautics and expected to be capable of evading Space Administration (NASA). DOD accounts for nearly all of this amount. today’s defensive systems. DOD has begun multiple efforts to develop Hypersonic Weapon-related and Technology Development Total Reported Funding by Type of offensive hypersonic weapons as well Effort from Fiscal Years 2015 through 2024, in Billions of Then-Year Dollars as technologies to improve its ability to track and defend against them. NASA and DOE are also conducting research into hypersonic technologies. The investments for these efforts are significant. This report identifies: (1) U.S. government efforts to develop hypersonic systems that are underway and their costs, (2) challenges these efforts face and what is being done to address them, and (3) the extent to which the U.S. -
China's New YJ-18 Antiship Cruise Missile: Capabilities And
October 28, 2015 China’s New YJ-18 Antiship Cruise Missile: Capabilities and Implications for U.S. Forces in the Western Pacific Author: Michael Pilger, Research Fellow, Security and Foreign Affairs Acknowledgments: James Acton, Christopher Carlson, Jeffrey Engstrom, Robert Haddick, Christopher Twomey, and Christopher Yeaw provided helpful insights and reviewed drafts of this paper, but do not necessarily agree with or endorse the assessments and statements contained herein. Errors and views are the author’s own. Disclaimer: This paper is the product of professional research performed by staff of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, and was prepared at the request of the Commission to support its deliberations. Posting of the report to the Commission’s website is intended to promote greater public understanding of the issues addressed by the Commission in its ongoing assessment of U.S.- China economic relations and their implications for U.S. security, as mandated by Public Law 106-398 and Public Law 108-7. However, the public release of this document does not necessarily imply an endorsement by the Commission, any individual Commissioner, or the Commission’s other professional staff, of the views or conclusions expressed in this staff research report. Introduction In April 2015, the U.S. Office of Naval Intelligence confirmed that China has deployed the YJ-18 antiship cruise missile (ASCM) on some People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Navy submarines and surface ships.1 The YJ-18’s greater range and speed than previous Chinese ASCMs, along with its wide deployment across PLA platforms, would significantly increase China’s antiaccess/area denial capabilities* against U.S. -
China Missile Chronology
China Missile Chronology Last update: June 2012 2012 18 May 2012 The Department of Defense releases the 2012 “Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China” report. The report highlights that the PLA Air force is modernizing its ground‐based air defense forces with conventional medium‐range ballistic missiles, which can “conduct precision strikes against land targets and naval ships, including aircraft carriers, operating far from China’s shores beyond the first island chain.” According to the Department of Defense’s report, China will acquire DF‐31A intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and enhanced, silo‐based DF‐5 (CSS‐4) ICMBs by 2015. To date, China is the third country that has developed a stealth combat aircraft, after the U.S. and Russia. J‐20 is expected conduct military missions by 2018. It will be equipped with “air‐to‐air missiles, air‐to‐surface missiles, anti‐radiation missiles, laser‐guided bombs and drop bombs.”J‐20 stealth fighter is a distinguished example of Chinese military modernization. – Office of Secretary of Defense, “Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2012,” distributed by U.S. Department of Defense, May 2012, www.defense.gov; Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, David Helvey, “Press Briefing on 2012 DOD Report to Congress on ‘Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China,’” distributed by U.S. Department of Defense, 18 May 2012, www.defense.gov; “Chengdu J‐20 Multirole Stealth Fighter Aircraft, China,” Airforce‐Technology, www.airforce‐technology.com. 15 April 2012 North Korea shows off a potential new ICBM in a military parade. -
The Future of the U.S. Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Force
CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that EDUCATION AND THE ARTS helps improve policy and decisionmaking through ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT research and analysis. HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from INFRASTRUCTURE AND www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND TRANSPORTATION Corporation. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS NATIONAL SECURITY Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Support RAND Purchase this document TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Browse Reports & Bookstore Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Project AIR FORCE View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. C O R P O R A T I O N The Future of the U.S. Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Force Lauren Caston, Robert S.