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Research note Observations on sporulation of Eimeria bovis (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the European bison Bison bonasus: effect of temperature and potassium dichromate solution
Anna M. Pyziel and Aleksander W. Demiaszkiewicz
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Abstract: " # ! \ ! ! ! Eimeria bovis (K2Cr2O6B [ EF G %5'+B ! !! ; bison Bison bonasus EH B I E2 $J ! 2M ?B # ! G E B # I ! # ! ! %+ ? # 2+ ? 9 ! E. bovis ! 2M ? I ! # E# I B 5 ! ! 8 I ! %3 # # #
EMM$ ?B # I QI R2Cr2O6, besides the temperature, plays a crucial role in the process of sporulation of oocysts under laboratory conditions, as the longest delay in sporogony was observed when the faeces were stored without any other additives in the temperature of the refrigerator. Keywords: 9 ! I ! # > # ! I 8
Coccidia from the genus Eimeria %+6$ %556 2''5B I E ! 9 ; ! B # E. bovis was the most prevalent species of eimerians (prev* parasites of economic importance of livestock production, M'J7 $'M3 %$' ! YQ VZB due to increasing mortality rates of calves, reduction in ; G G ! ! food intake and decrease of body mass as well as body # G I E 2'%1B ! E8 %5+'B H " GW I # ! species of Eimeria are simple and begin when infective sporulation time of E. bovis, the most prevalent species of (sporulated) oocysts are ingested by a susceptible host. Eimeria, ; G EBison bonasus Linnaeus), 9 9 # * I 9 ! thelial cells of a host, but the symptoms of coccidiosis and " # G # 2''6 # 9 2'%% ! # ! I ! ES !! %513B " ! ! ; G of eimerian development, sporogony, takes place outside 8 ! # !G the host. of oocysts of E. bovis ! EM %$'M3 ''' Q VB # Time required for sporulation is one of diagnostic cri* placed in Petri dishes, which were being closed afterwards [ G I * (to prevent dehydration of faecal material) and prepared G 9 ! ! for sporulation in different conditions. ! 9 ! # ! ! Some of them were used as a control for sporulation po* E? %51% > %53+ U > ! 7 # G I
%56$ V ! 2''MB I ! W I * E2M ? $ I ! 2 $J R2Cr2O6 % I ! B ous studies on sporulation of eimerians of bovids had been for 4 days, following the guidlines of Duszynski and Wilber G X G E%556B E%556B # G M 3$ 6%H E ; were available. # W # B Eimeria bovis EF G %5'+B ! "# 9 ! # ! ! [ ! * pathogenic species of coccidia in cattle, responsible for # E%+ ? + outbreaks of clinical coccidiosis of calves (Chibunda et 2+ ? M I B
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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. %' %11%%& 2'%$ '2' Pyziel and Demiaszkiewicz: Sporulation of Eimeria bovis ! ; G
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Fig. 1. Q G G 2M ? 2 $J R2Cr2O6. Fig. 2. ! 7 21 * bation. Fig. 3. ~ ! G 7 1+ G Fig. 4. 8 7 62M53 G
One study was carried out in the environment of sterile E+'JB # G I * tap water (to prevent fungal and bacterial growth), instead cubation.
2 $J R2Cr2O6 I ! 2M ? 2$ 9 ! # Sporulation at 28 °C EMM$ ?B %%2 # Sporulation was completed at the second day of incu* additives. The degree of sporulation was observed daily bation, with the percentage of sporulated oocysts reaching G ! 9 ! ! G G * M6J # 5'J \ G X ! # # 9 ! E2'%MB # &% ''' ! [ ! * Sporulation in a sterile tap water at 23 °C EQ ! >j$'B ? X # " [ ! # %2 G # Sporulation under conventional conditions – control # %+J 2$ 9 * Some features of initial zygote development were ob* ! %''J # I [ G E8 %B ! within the oocyst became spongy, irregular, consisted of Sporulation under conditions of the refrigerator at 3–5 °C E8 2B x ! * # G I %3 # velopment nor stage containing four undifferentiated spo* E%%2 B 9 ! roblasts precluding formation of sporocysts were observed 62J E{ \ 2''5B X of incubation young, not fully formed sporocysts contain* The results of this study showed that process of sporula* G # E8 MB " # } ! [ ! *
9 ! 2+ ? I ! 2 $J R2Cr2O6 8 oval sporocysts carrying Stieda body, containing two spo* ! G G $ ? E ! 2+ ? rozoites were noted, but the internal structure of sporocysts 2M ? %+ ? I B 2 * could not be observed. At the fourth day of incubation the lay in sporulation. These results are consistent with those sporulation was completed with the typical structure of ; E%5$1B # ! E8 1B " of Eimeria tenella EU H %+5%B # 16J ! 25 ? I * I G 2M ? Sporulation under experimental conditions # ! ! 5 Phases of development of zygote within the oocyst were ! ! " [ ! in accordance with the features mentioned above, but the # H H E%53%B # # process of sporulation was completed within different time required for sporulation of oocysts was longer when ! ! 2 $J no antiputrefactive agents, such as dichromate, were used.
K2Cr2O6. " [ ! ! ! * tion, besides temperature, plays a crucial role in process Sporulation at 18 °C of sporulation under laboratory conditions, as the longest " [ # G I 9 delay in sporogony was observed when the faeces were day of incubation, but the percentage of sporulated oocysts stored without any other additives in the temperature of the # # M2J " * # 2+* #
8 2'%$ 32 '2' 2 M %' %11%%& 2'%$ '2' Pyziel and Demiaszkiewicz: Sporulation of Eimeria bovis ! ; G in comparison with the control. We suppose that the condi* ! E{ B *1 + ? ER R 2''6B 9 ! ! G I !G * The present study showed that sporulation time of oocysts > # 8 # of E. bovis # MM1 !! * ! ! 6 ? I G X G E%556B " ! ! # ! ! E{ B 9 # G I G > E%53+B %5 ? ER R 2''6B I E. bovis ! G EBubalus bubalis Linnaeus). G 9 ! G I I # S # I V ! E2''MB and become infective at the beginning of grazing season, E. bovis ! ; G # ! # 2 # # 9 I Q V in a room temperature. Additionally, no data are avaiable values reported in our previous study on the annual cycle for sporulation time of E. bovis from American bison (Bi- G G E 2'%%B son bison H B E %551B } E%53'B G I # !* perature for surviving of Eimeria zuernii EU I %+6+B Acknowledgments. The data presented in this study form part X G 7 X # G oocysts from cattle (Bos taurus H B # *6 ? # * S ; E x ! ! > # x xM'+ 2M16M+B REFERENCES
>ljǂǕNJǂ > > ǂǏDždž > ?ljǂǖljǂǏ ǓǐǓǂ V %53+ X G %5'5 # I # * Eimeria (Apicompl* A study on the sporulated oocysts of twelve eimerian species 9 ; ! B { ; G $3 M5M$% G EBubalus bubalis). Acta Vet. Acad. Sci. Hung. HǐǕǛdž { ? Hdždžnj U V %53% ! * %+ %%$M%MM cidial oocysts in tap water. J. Parasitol. 16 $++M$5' ?ljNJǃǖǏDžǂ U " ǖljǂNJǓǘǂ RǂǎǃǂǓǂLjdž X Ǖǂǎǃǐ ǂǓ ǖǂǓDžǕ ? džǏLjdžǓ ? džLjljdžǕǕNJ H %53' " RǖǔNJǍǖnjǂ H { RǂǛǘǂǍǂ U U %556 ; ! * of physical and chemical agents on the oocyst of Eimeria zuernii sis in dairy cattle farms in Morogoro municipality of Tanzania. E ? B { 6 %+3M%+5 I M% %5%M%56 RǓǂǔNJ ǔnjǂ RǓǂǔNJ ǔnjNJ F E; B 2''6 " ; > ?ljǓNJǔǕdžǏǔdžǏ { 8 %51% " ! ! x !! U * cattle in Alabama (U.S.A.), with descriptions of two new spe* ! > # 65 { 26 2'MM22' ǂǏDžNJǕ > 2''5 I R ! XǖǔǛǚǏǔnjNJ X NJǍǃdžǓ V %556 * 1 %3M2' ; ! { +M džǏǛljǐǓǏ > H RǏǂ ; dždžǓ ? %551 ; MMMMMM3 * ! G EBison bison) in Montana. J. ;DžLjǂǓ %5$1 ; ! X M' 236M235 oocysts of the protozoan, Eimeria tenella. Trans. Amer. Micr. ǚǛNJdžǍ XdžǎNJǂǔǛnjNJdžǘNJ Ǜ 2'%M ? E !* 6M 2M6M212 9 ; ! B EAlces alcesB U 8NJǕǛLjdžǓǂǍDž U %5+' " ! ! * %%2 2'+MM2'+$ ! ! I ? ! 21 %2%M%1M ǚǛNJdžǍ { ǘNJnjǐǘǔnjNJ XdžǎNJǂǔǛnjNJdžǘNJ Ǜ 2'%1 VǐǍdžǎǂǏǔnjǚ 2''M # ! !! ? E ! 9 ; ! B # ; ! > F > $$ 15M$1 bison Bison bonasus EH B 2'2 %M+M%11 SǂǎǎǐǏDž X >ǐǘǎǂǏ V XǂǗNJǔ H U NJǎǎǔ > " %513 ǚǛNJdžǍ RǐǘǂǍ Ǜǚnj U XdžǎNJǂǔǛnjNJdžǘNJ Ǜ 2'%% " The endogenous phase of the life cycle of Eimeria bovis. J. Para* annual cycle of shedding Eimeria G ; G M2 1'5M126 (Bison bonasusB > # ! I 8 { {NJǓnj {NJǓnj QǃǐǓǏ nj Hǖnjdž { ǐDžǓ X 2''5 56 6M6M6M5 ! 9 ! # ! 9 * Uǚ R H >džǓLjǔǕǓǐǎ U ? %56$ > I ! [ ! Eimeria ranae G { X %% 1%2M1%1
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