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Plant Ecological Research in the White Mountains, Harold A

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* University of California, Berkeley Supported under NASA Grant-GR-05-003-018 ,Formerly NaG-39'r FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT "AR (NASA-CR-138137) WHITE 11OUTAIN RESEARCH N74-22097 STATION: 25 YEARS OF HIGH-ALTITUDE RESEARCH Final Technical Report (California Univ.) 62 p HC $6.25 Unclas CSCL,-141 G3/14 __16056 univrs Ca orias ~~ 01i ff1 '~'' 0 Abv: a o aayisapaauhieMunan ek Cove phoo:ountin Wite Pak rom istat rok oucroping 37'40' 18'20' 1I8* 0' .- Lone Tree CrekN-SUMMIT LABORATORY a WHITE MOUNTAIN PEAK, 14246 1 o - HIGH ALTITUDE7 RESEARCH AREA BARCROFT LABORATORY MAedo . Barcrot,. 13023 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA L g WHITE MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION Loe Eva Belle Mine AND VICINITY 100i '- , 0 1 2 3 4 5 -Plute Mountain, 12555'A Miles <f r- Coftonwood Contour interval1000 feet Sheep Mountain, 12487 Sre*kPrimitive Area Campito Meadow - 3730 Compito Mountain, 11543'A 10150 r i Prospector Meadow CROOKED CREEK LABORATORY Co l iforni ElectrC po 122 OM Bianco Mountain 1178 MONO COUNTYthe WHITE MOUNTAIN INYO COUNTY C, ou Schulm n Memoril o It Is andertWhere RnchWhy .' t Spring LAWSorganizedCalifornia,researchunit of the University Californiaofthe Summtrit Laboratory atop White Mountain Peak at11033 head- of the Assistant Director.ninAdministrative OwensValley Laboratory, atmileseastofBishop an vision BISOPOWENS VALLEY LABORATORY The WhiteResearch Mountain Station is a statewide Barcroft Laboratory at an elevation of 12,470 feet; and A history of the first 25 years of the WHITE MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STA TION by some Locatedthe vicinity in of Bishop, California, the sta- The Stationof laboratoriesthe scientists are who manned made the that year history round Where It Is and Why The White Mountain Research Station is a statewide Barcroft Laboratory at an elevation of 12,470 feet; and organized research unit of the University of California, the Summit Laboratory atop White Mountain Peak at toryestablished facilities for for two any purposes: qualified (1) research to provide investigator labora- anabove elevation 10,000 feetof 14,250are within feet. the The Inyo three National laboratories Forest, tory facilities for any qualified research investigator above 10,000 feet are within the Inyo National Forest, who wishes to utilize the high-mountain environment and their operation is subject to regulations of the in his work; and (2) to serve as a teaching facility for U. S. Forest Service as well as those of the University field courses conducted in the region. of California. Located in the vicinity of Bishop, California, the sta- The Station laboratories are manned the year round tion comprises four separate laboratory sites - the by a permanent staff of eight persons under super- Owens Valley Laboratory, 3 miles east of Bishop at an vision of the Assistant Director. Administrative head- elevation of 4,050 feet above sea level; the Crooked quarters and the office of the Director are located at Creek Laboratory on the White Mountain Range the Environmental Physiology Laboratory, University northeast of Bishop at an elevation of 10,150 feet; the of California, Berkeley, which also serves as a site for 3 PRICET)ING PAGE BLANK NOT FILMED sea-level control studies for some of the research per- been provided with food and lodging during their formed at high altitude. stay. These investigators have conducted research in a General operational policy for the Station is set by variety of fields in the agricultural, biological, and the President's Advisory Committee for the White physical sciences, and have come to the Station from Mountain Research Station, which includes faculty universities and colleges, from government labora- representatives from every campus of the University. tories, and from industrial research laboratories lo- The Director's Advisory Committee for Astronomy cated both in this country and abroad. The Station provides guidance for administration of astronomical facilities also have been utilized by several hundred research activities. undergraduate students enrolled in field courses con- In the 25 years of its existence, several hundred sci- ducted at the Station by a number of academic in- entists have used the Station laboratories and have stitutions. -0- ~ Brstecnepieit Sera evdainditace i 4i Bristlecone pine with Sierra Nevada in distance. 4 Research ... occasionally above "Cloud 9" It would be an honor in any event to be asked to write the preface to this fascinating history, but for me it is a very special pleasure, because my ties to the cones are as close to immortality as we are privileged White Mountain Research Station go back so far. In to get. It is an humbling experience. a way, they go far beyond the actual establishment Thus it was that in the summer of 1969 I came of the Station, for it was as an undergraduate at the to combine business and pleasure with a trip to re- University of Arizona in the early Thirties that I took view the operations of the White Mountain Research the first step which eventually would lead me to the Station and to renew my acquaintanceship with the top of White Mountain. I was an economics major, bristlecone pine. I found both in splendid condition. but somehow I made the leap across the disciplinary My enthusiasm resulted in another trip the following chasm between "the dismal science" and Arizona's year and, no doubt, the invitation to include these unique Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research and de- thoughts in this history of the Station. From any veloped into a pretty fair amateur dendrochronologist. vantage point it is an impressive story: twenty-five It's an interest I never lost, though over the next four years of high-altitude research from astronomy to decades I rarely had the time to follow it closely. zoology, from human physiology to plant ecology, To a dendrochronologist, age is all-important, and twenty-five years of tough and demanding work to there is no living organism in the world older than establish a first-class research facility on the inhos- the bristlecone pines such as have been standing on pitable top of the world. Professor Pace and his col- the White Mountain Range for many thousands of leagues deserve the highest praise for their accom- years. Some individual trees near the Station are over plishments and for making the effort to record them 4,600 years old, and while they cannot be said to be in such readable fashion. It's a real success story, and going strong, they cling tenaciously to life in an almost I am proud to be a small part of it. unbelievably hostile environment. When you first come upon their grey and gnarled forms, it requires . some effort to recognize that they are in fact alive. Once you know it, however-and it is the kind of Charles J. Hitch knowledge that is more than intellectual-once you President of the University fully comprehend their near timelessness, it becomes even harder to believe they will ever die. The bristle- 5 PRESIDENT'S ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR THE 1972-1973 WHITE MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION Chairman Arthur H. Smith, Professor of Animal Physiology and Physiologist in the Experiment Station, University of California, Davis. Members Kinsey A. Anderson, Professor of Physics and Director of Space Sciences Laboratory, University of Califor- nia, Berkeley. Dana K. Bailey, Consultant, Space Environment Laboratory, Environmental Research Laboratories, Na- tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Research Associate, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder, Colorado. Arthur S. Boughey, Professor of Population and Environmental Biology, University of California, Irvine. R. Robert J. Chaffee, Professor of Ergonomics and Chairman of the Department, University of California, Santa Barbara. John D. French, Professor of Anatomy and Neurological Surgery and Director of the Brain Research Insti- tute, University of California, Los Angeles. Robert Galambos, Professor of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego. Ralph H. Kellogg, Professor of Physiology and Vice Chairman of the Department, University of California, San Francisco. Harold A. Mooney, Associate Professor of Botany, Stanford University, California. Emil M. Mrak, Chancellor Emeritus and Professor Emeritus of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis. Eric T. Pengelley, Professor of Biology, University of California, Riverside. Robert Em. Smith, Professor of Physiological Sciences, University of California, Davis. Paola S. Timiras, Professor of Physiology and Director of Medical Option, Health Sciences and Medical Edu- cation, University of California, Berkeley. Albert E. Whitford, Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics and Astronomer of the Lick 'Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz. DIRECTOR'S ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR ASTRONOMY 1972-1973 (University of California, Berkeley) Chairman William J. Welch, Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and Director of the Radio Astronomy Laboratory. Members Luis W. Alvarez, Professor of Physics. Kinsey A. Anderson, Professor of Physics and Director, Space Sciences Laboratory. Raymond Y. Chiao, Associate Professor of Physics. David D. Cudaback, Associate Research Astronomer, Radio Astronomy Laboratory and Lecturer in Astron- omy. John E. Gaustad, Associate Professor of Astronomy. William D. Gwinn, Professor of Chemistry. Carl E. Heiles, Associate Professor of Astronomy. John G. Phillips, Professor of Astronomy and Chairman of the Department. George C. Pimentel, Professor of Chemistry. Paul L. Richards, Professor of Physics. Charles H. Townes, University Professor. Harold F. Weaver, Professor of Astronomy. 6 IN MEMORIAM Warm and grateful remembrance is hereby expressed for the significant contributions to high-mountain science and development of the White Mountain Research Station made during their lifetimes by: Professor Robert W. Bullard, 1929-1971 Indiana University Mr. Ewen H. Connolly, Jr., 1936-1970 Graduate student, University of California, Berkeley Professor Emeritus Frank G. Hall, 1896-1967 Duke University Dr. Julius T. Hansen, 1921-1973 Research Physiologist, Central Intelligence Agency Professor Raymond J. Hock, 1918-1970 University of Nevada, Las Vegas Dr. Kenneth W. Ramsey, 1914-1961 Veterinarian Professor Edmund Schulman, 1908-1958 University of Arizona Dr.
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