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Slime Molds & Fungi of the J.J. Collett Natural Area, Alberta – 7 March 2018

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Slime Molds & Fungi of the J.J. Collett Natural Area, Alberta – 7 March 2018 SLIME MOLDS & FUNGI OF THE J.J. COLLETT NATURAL AREA, ALBERTA Report prepared for Alberta Environment and Parks Charles Durham Bird, Box 22, Erskine, AB, T0C 1G0; [email protected] March 7, 2018 The Area Aerial photograph and Trail Map of the Natural Area The J.J. Collett Provincial Natural Area is located in rural central Alberta near the hamlet of Morningside. It consists of 635 acres of Aspen Parkland underlain by ancient sand dunes. Over 18 km of maintained trails wind through a mosaic of shrub lands, aspen groves, stands of white spruce on moist shady hillsides, wetlands and grassy meadows typical of the area. 1 White spruce woods on Trail 4 “Before 1974, the area presently known as the J. J. Collett Natural Area was privately owned and the site of logging and mill operation and pasture grazing. The marsh in the northeast corner was drained by an adjacent landowner. In 1974, 240 ha (600 acres) were purchased by the Alberta Department of Environment in trust that the area would be used for environmental education (NAP 1987). In 1975, a protected reservation was applied to the area and administration was transferred to Alberta Energy and Natural Resources. Ducks Unlimited Canada was granted a license in 1976 to construct a water control structure in an attempt to reestablish the drained marsh in the northeast corner of the natural area. Most of the area was designated a provincial natural area in 1976 by an Order in Council (OC 653/76). In 1982, an additional 16.2 ha (40 acres) were obtained and placed under protective notation (PNT 820462). In the same year, a pipeline right-of-way was granted to Northwestern Utilities Ltd. The J. J. Collett Foundation was incorporated in 1985 in order to manage the site.” (K. Timoney & A. Robinson, 2009). The Lepidoptera of the area have been studied by the author from 2002-2013 and the results are listed in Bird 2012 and 2013. PROVINCIAL PARKS AND PROTECTED AREAS ARE IMPORTANT Ninety five percent of the native habitats in the Aspen Parkland of Alberta have been lost. More habitat loss will occur unless steps are taken to prevent this from happening. It is important to remember that various rare, or even endangered species, occur in these habitats and their existence is threatened if further habitat loss occurs. Provincial Parks and other areas where natural vegetation is protected are of great value as the flora and fauna present in them are typical of what was in Alberta before widespread agricultural, petroleum and logging activities, as well as urban expansion, replaced them with “weedy” species and those associated with cultivated grains and hay crops. As a result, many of Alberta’s “rare and endangered” species are now found only, or mainly, in such protected areas. 2 THE WEBSITE FOR THE AREA The Natural Area has an extremely good website - http://www.jjcollett.com/. Included in it are checklists of the Fungi, Lichens, Bryophytes and Vascular Plants as well as ones dealing with various animal, bird and insect groups. There are also many excellent photographs in a series of Galleries. IDENTIFICATION AIDS The following books have been especially helpful for identification. Arora, D. 1986. Mushrooms demystified. Ten Speed Press. 959 pp. Ginns, J. 2017. Polypores of British Columbia (Fungi, Basidiomycota). Prov. B.C., Victoria, Tech. Report 104. 260 pp. Lincoff, G. & C. Nehring. 1981. The Audubon Society Field Guide to the North American Mushrooms. Chanticleer Press. Miller, O.K. & H.H. Miller. 2006. North American Mushrooms, a field guide to Edible and Inedible fungi. Falcon Guides. 584 pp. Phillips, R. 2010. Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Firefly Books. 384 pp. Schalkwijk-Barendsen, H.M.E., 1994. Mushrooms of Northwest North America. Lone Pine. 414 pp. Help was also obtained from the downloadable resource Matchmaker (http://www.svims.ca/council/matchmaker.htm), Mycokey 4.1 and from http://mushroomobserver.org/. PRECAUTIONS Identifications have been made by comparison with illustrations and information available in the literature. Herbarium specimens have not always been collected. Some spore prints were made but spores have seldom been examined with a compound microscope. Readers should be aware that one can do only so much with photographs and that more detailed examination of a specimen may result in a different species name. Also, one should realize that not all of the local species are covered in the abovementioned literature and that a listing of all of the fungi known for Alberta has yet to be put together. The Alberta Mycological Society has, however, been working on a database of known collections and observations. A paper by P. Kroeger and S. M. Berch, published in 2017, titled “Macrofungus species of British Columbia” (Prov. B.C., Victoria, B.C. Tech. Rep. 68) lists over 3000 species. While Alberta cannot be expected to have nearly as many species as British Columbia it is obvious that new discoveries remain to be made and that certain genera like Cortinarius, Russula and Ramaria require further study. Taxonomic work is still needed in various groups and some current species concepts may change. DNA sequencing studies, in particular, may lead to the naming of new species or the realignment of species within Families or even Orders. Henry Beker and his group recently made a major revision of the genus Hebeloma in Europe and are now turning their attention to North America. PRESENCE OR ABSENCE AND SEASONAL VARIATION The presence or absence of most mushrooms depends to a large extent on soil moisture. When levels are high, mushrooms are reasonably common from spring to fall. Fewer mushrooms show up in the spring and early summer if soil moisture levels are low, for example, morels show up only in years with high spring moisture levels. Similarly, mushrooms are scarce in the late summer and fall if soil moisture levels are low. The latter was true in 2017. 3 SPECIES LIST Numbers in year, month, date and image order refer to photographs taken by Charles Bird; those in bold are in the Fungi Gallery of the J.J. Collett website (http://www.jjcollett.com/); numbers preceded by BIRD refer to voucher specimens in the author’s Herbarium. The latter will eventually be placed in a major public Herbarium, possibly at the University of Alberta. The scientific names used in older publications are often out-of-date because of more recent research. The most up-to-date names can be found in Index Fungorum and those are the ones that are used herein. MYXOMYCETES (Slime Molds) Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (Coral Slime Mold) – 20140823-5; 20150725-12; 20160827-8. Fuligo leviderma (Fuligo Slime Mold) – 20140927-3 & 3a; 20140927-8, 8a & 8b; 20150829-1; 20160827-11 & 11a. Leocarpus fragilis (Egg-shell Slime Mold) – 20131006-22 & 23. Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa Lycogala epidendrum Lycogala epidendrum (Wolf’s Milk Slime Mold) – 20140830-29; 20140906-7; 20140920-9; 20140927-6, 20150829-14; 20160702-3; 20160827-1; 20160903-1. FUNGI ASCOMYCOTA Apiosporina collinsii (Black leaf or Witch’s broom of Saskatoon) – 20141011-16. A. morbosa (Black Knot) – 20120922-14. Bisporella citrina (Lemon Disc Fungus) – 20130831-8; 20150829-14. Chlorociboria aeruginascens (Emerald Cup or Green Stain Fungus) – 20131006-24. Discina perlata (Pig’s Ears) – 20130831-7. Entoleuca mammata (Hypoxylon mammatum) (Hypoxylon Canker of Aspen) – seen but not photographed or collected. Exophiala (Caliciopsis) calicioides – 20130511-4, 5 & 5a; BIRD37626, 20171202-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6. Humaria hemisphaerica (Hairy Brown Cup) – 20140614-9; 20140621-6 & 7. 4 Discina perlata Humaria hemisphaerica Morchella elata (angusticeps) (Black Morel) – 20160514-13; BIRD37190, 20170521-7 & 7a. Nectria cinnabarina (Coral Spot Canker) – 20160319-2; BIRD36810, 20160409-10; 20160521-1. Neobulgaria pura (Jelly Disc) – 20150613-11 & 11a. Otidea alutacea (Ear-like Fungus) – 20140614-6; 20140621-7; BIRD36598, 20150613-9 & 9a; 20150620-3. O. onotica (Donkey Ears or Orange Otidea) – 20140614-9. Peziza repanda (Brown Cup) – BIRD36901, 20160702-4. Phragmidium potentillae (rust on Potentilla anserina) – BIRD37031, 20160820-4 & 4a. Ptychoverpa bohemica (Wrinkled or Early Morel) – 20140607-1; 20150504-2, 3, 4 & 5. Morchella elata Ptychoverpa bohemica Rhytidiella baranyayi (False Chaga) – 20160227-6. Rust on Thalictrum venulosum – 20160620-3. Sclerencoelia (Encoelia) pruinosa (Sooty-bark Canker of Aspen) – BIRD37170, 20170401-2, 2a & 2b. Scutellinia scutellata (Eyelash Cup) – 20131006-21; 20160827-7. BASIDIOMYCOTA Agaricales Agaricus arvensis (Horse Mushroom) – 20160702-1 & 1a; 20160709-1 & 1a. A. augustus (The Prince) – 20150704-9, 9a & 9b; 20150718-5 & 5a; 20150829-16 & 16a. 5 A. silvicola (Wood Agaricus) – 20120908-9 & 10; 20140830-16 & 16a; 20140830-17; 20140830-23 & 23a; 20140906-17 & 17a; 20150725-1 & 1a; 20150725-7 & 7a; 20150725-10, 10a & 10b; 20150822-17 & 17a; 20150829-8, 20150829-8a, 20150829-9, 20150829-9a; 20150829-16 & 16a; 20160820-1, 1a & 1b; 20160827-13, 13a & 13b; 20160910-6 & 6a; 20160924-5 & 5a. Agrocybe praecox (Spring Agrocybe) – BIRD36919, 20160709-10 & 10a. Amanita muscaria (Fly Agaric) – 20150822-1; 20160820-17 & 17a. A. vaginata (Grisette) – BIRD36977, 20160730-4 & 4a; 20160820-11 & 11a; 20160827-16 & 16a. Armillaria mellea (Honey Mushroom) – 20110910-4 & 5; 20120908-11; 20120922-20; 20140928-7 & 7a; 20150822-5 & 5a; 20150822-6 & 6a; 20150822-9 & 9a; 20150822-11 & 11a; 20150822-16 & 16a; 20150822-21, 21a & 21b; 20150912-3, 3a & 3b; 20150912-15 & 15a; 20150912-16, 16a & 16b; 20150912-19 & 19a; 20150919-5 & 5a; BIRD37112, 20160924-2, 2a, 2b & 2c. Aspropaxillus (Leucopaxillus) septentrionalis – BIRD36968, 20160723-8, 8a & 8b. Baeospora myriadophylla (Lavender Baeospora) – 20140906-1; 20160716-7, 20160716-7a, BIRD36986. Bovista plumbea (Lead-colored Puffball) – 20120908-12; 20130511-2; 20140906-18; 20160716-5 & 5a; 20160723-4 & 4a; 20160723-9, 9a & 9b. Bovista plumbea Calvatia booniana Calvatia booniana (Giant Western Puffball) – 20140830-37 & 37a. Cantharellula umbonata (Grayling) – BIRD37060, 20160827-15 & 15a. Chrysomphalina chrysophylla (Golden-gilled Mushroom) – 20140913-4 & 4a; 20140913-10 & 10a.
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