Irregular Auxiliaries After 1945
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Settler Soldiers, Colonial Categories and the Centenary of the First World War
This is a repository copy of “The Forgotten of This Tribute”: Settler Soldiers, Colonial Categories and the Centenary of the First World War. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/142187/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Eldridge, C orcid.org/0000-0002-9159-3547 (2019) “The Forgotten of This Tribute”: Settler Soldiers, Colonial Categories and the Centenary of the First World War. History and Memory, 31 (2). pp. 3-44. ISSN 0935-560X https://doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.31.2.0003 © 2019, Indiana University Press. This is an author produced version of an article published in History and Memory. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self- archiving policy. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ “The forgotten of this tribute”: Settler Soldiers, Colonial Categories, and the Centenary of the First World War 1 Abstract: This article uses the Centenary of the First World War to explore how colonial Frenchcategories Algeria, have beenit argues mobilized that inthe memory Centenary projects. -
An Analysis of the British Invasion of Egypt (1882) Through the Lens of Victorian Party Politics
Tarih Dergisi, Sayı 69 (2019/1), İstanbul 2019, s. 113-134 AN ANALYSIS OF THE BRITISH INVASION OF EGYPT (1882) THROUGH THE LENS OF VICTORIAN PARTY POLITICS Begüm Yıldızeli Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü, Bilecik, Türkiye Abstract The British occupation of Egypt in 1882 meant a breakaway from the Anglo-French entente’s control over Ottoman financial system and the end of the Liberal Government’s ‘reluctant’ imperialism. When the Liberal ministry began in 1880, the cabinet immediately focused on foreign policies towards the Ottoman Empire subsequent to Gladstone’s campaign during the Bulgarian Agitation which had already turned out to be a party question. The protection of the Suez Canal as well as the interests of the British bondholders and the prestige of the British Empire was vital, which united the Liberal ministry and the Conservatives under the same purpose. Despite late Ottoman approval, the occupation signified the edge of Anglo-Ottoman alliance during the nineteenth century. This study will analyse why the Egyptian question is important for British party politics and to what extend the Anglo-Ottoman relations was affected with these circumstances. Keywords: Suez Canal, British Party Politics, Egypt, Urabi Pasha Öz VİKTORYA DÖNEMİ PARTİ SİYASETİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN İNGİLİZLER’İN MISIR’I İŞGALİ (1882) ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ 1882 yılında İngilizler ’in Mısır’ı işgali gerek İngiliz Hükümeti’nin ‘gönülsüz’ emperyaliz- minin gerekse de Osmanlı ekonomisindeki -
Chapter 31 Notes: Societies at Crossroads
Chapter 31 Notes: Societies at Crossroads Chapter Outline I. Introduction: Ottoman empire, Russia, China, and Japan A. Common problems 1. Military weakness, vulnerability to foreign threats 2. Internal weakness due to economic problems, financial difficulties, and corruption B. Reform efforts 1. Attempts at political and educational reform and at industrialization 2. Turned to western models C. Different results of reforms 1. Ottoman empire, Russia, and China unsuccessful; societies on the verge of collapse 2. Reform in Japan was more thorough; Japan emerged as an industrial power II. The Ottoman empire in decline A. The nature of decline 1. Military decline since the late seventeenth century a. Ottoman forces behind European armies in strategy, tactics, weaponry, training b. Janissary corps politically corrupt, undisciplined c. Provincial governors gained power, private armies 2. Extensive territorial losses in nineteenth century a. Lost Caucasus and central Asia to Russia; western frontiers to Austria; Balkan provinces to Greece and Serbia b. Egypt gained autonomy after Napoleon's failed campaign in 1798 (a) Egyptian general Muhammad Ali built a powerful, modern army (b) Ali's army threatened Ottomans, made Egypt an autonomous province 3. Economic difficulties began in seventeenth century a. Less trade through empire as Europeans shifted to the Atlantic Ocean basin b. Exported raw materials, imported European manufactured goods c. Heavily depended on foreign loans, half of the revenues paid to loan interest d. Foreigners began to administer the debts of the Ottoman state by 1882 4. The "capitulations": European domination of Ottoman economy a. Extraterritoriality: Europeans exempt from Ottoman law within the empire b. -
Français Tirailleur Pidgin — a Corpus Study
Français Tirailleur Pidgin —acorpusstudy Hedvig Skirgård Department of Linguistics, Stockholm Univeristy Thesis submitted for Master of Arts in Linguistics (30 HE credits) Spring 2013 Supervisor: Mikael Parkvall Examiner: Henrik Liljegren Expert reviewer: Bernhard Wälchli Abstract Swedish Français Tirailleur (FT) är ett pidginspråk som talades av västafrikanska sol- dater och deras vita officerare i den franska kolonialarmen cirka 1857-1954. Den här uppsatser beskriver denna språkvatietet utifrån ett korpus som består av de doku- menterade yttranden som hittills hittats. Studien visar bland annat att standard negation uttrycks med en pre-verbal partikel (pas ), ja/nej-frågor uttryckts främst genom intonation, genussystemet är inte produktivt, det finns ingen skillnad mellan subjekt och objekt i pronomensystemet och attributiv ägande uttrycks med possessiva pronomen, juxtaposition eller prepositioner. Den standardiserade type-token-ration är 26%, vidare forskning om ordförråd i pidginspråk och jämförelser med talat språk behövs. Det finns två former som är väldigt frekventa och som anses vara mycket karakteristiska för FT: ya och yena. Dessa former har tidigare beskrivits som stativa verb, relativmarkörer och finithetsmarkörer. De förekommer i majoriteten av alla dokument i korpuset. De fungerar som stativa verb, kopula eller kopulalika markörer, samt potentiellt även som predikatsmarkörer. Frågan om huruvida adjektiv är en relevant språklig kategori i denna pidgin diskuteras också i denna uppsats. Nyckelord: lingvistik, litet korpus, pidgin, tiraljör, andra världskriget, västafrika, senegal, petit nègre, moi-ya-dit, anonym manual 1916, Charles Mangin, Lucie Cous- turier, kolonialism English Français Tirailleur (FT) is a pidgin language that was spoken by West African soldiers and their white officers in the French colonial army approximately 1857-1954. -
State Defense Force Times Winter 2020
State Defense Force Times Message from the President Winter 2020 MG Jay Coggan • Increase our external California State Guard communications to educate the public and government at all First, as we start off a new year, let me levels as to our mission congratulate BG Hayhurst and BG • Expand training opportunities Santiago for a great annual conference in across the country and online Biloxi, MS. Unfortunately, prior California State Guard commitments kept Internal communications have been me from attending, but I received great driven mostly by our web, newsletter, and feedback from our members. Your periodic announcements. We will be dedication and work is appreciated! updating our email capabilities to provide As we move into 2020 we have the more relevant and timely information to opportunity to build on our past success our members. To make this effort and make this a transformative year. My successful, I ask that each member please singular mission focus for SAGUS this go to their member profile in the SGAUS year is to improve our communications to web site make sure your contact and make us the most effective organization email information is current. We are that we can be. My key strategies to establishing a team to evaluate and accomplish this goal are: implement new strategies for internal communications. More information on • Improve our communications with this effort will be forthcoming. members 1 Now, regarding external communications, opportunity for SGAUS to SDF help our I firmly believe that this year SGAUS can respective states deal with this issue. take it to the next level in how we make It’s never too early to start planning for ourselves known outside our association the 2020 SAGUS Annual Conference. -
The United States and the Crimean War, 1853-1856
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-1972 The nitU ed States and the Crimean War, 1853-1856. William F. Liebler University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation Liebler, William F., "The nitU ed States and the Crimean War, 1853-1856." (1972). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 1319. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/1319 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE UNITED STATES and the CRIMEAN WAR 1853 - 1856 A Dissertation Presented By William F. Liebler Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in for the degree of partial fulfillment of the requirements DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ^972 September ^ ^^onth) {year) Major Subject History 11 (C) William Frederick Liebler 1972 All Rights Reserved 111• • • THE UNITED STATES and the CRIMEAN WAR 1853 - 1856 A Dissertation By William F. Liebler Approved as to style and content by; Sep tejTiber 1972 n[mbnth) ~ TJear) CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I 1 CHAPTER II 28 CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV 77 CHAPTER V 101 CHAPTER VI 126 CHAPTER VII 153 CHAPTER VIII 165 CHAPTER IX 202 CHAPTER X 251 CHAPTER XI 258 CONCLUSION 291 NOTES 504 BIBLIOGRAPHY 519 CHAPTER I The first link in the chain of events leading up to the Crimean War was a dispute between Catholic and Ortho- dox monks over the custody of the Holy Places of the Chris- tian religion in Jerusalem. -
The Autonomy of Åland: a Reflexion of International and Constitutional Law
THE AUTONOMY OF ÅLAND: A REFLEXION OF INTERNATIONAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL LAW By Christer Janson, Chief Legislative Officer, Åland Provincial Government 1. The historical background of the autonomy of lland ' . _ , Aland has had af Swedish population at least since the sixth century A.D. For this reason Aland, when the Kingdom of Sweden was formed, from the very beginning was a part of that country. The population of the Finnish mainland however was probably already at that time of Finnish origin. Only after the Swedish conquest of Finland during the thirteenth century Swedes started to settle in the coastal regions of .Finland. When the Swedish domination in Finland had been consolidated and Finland been made a part of the Kingdom of Sweden Aland was in some administrative, judicial and ecclesiastical respect made a part of the Abo (Turku) region. The reasons for this were purely practical and had no constitutional significance since Finland was an integrated part of the Kingdom of Sweden. In the seventeenth century Sweden was a superpower in the Baltic region. During the eighteenth century its significance diminished. Eventually Finland and Aland were lost to Russia through the peace treaty of Fredrikshamn (Hamina) in 1809. During the Crimean War 1853-56 the Russian fortress Bomarsund in Aland was destroyed by English and French fleets. At the peace negotiations Sweden who had stayed neutral during the war claimed Aland back to Sweden. However, Russia refused to give up Aland. On the other hand Russia was forced to commit itself not to build any fortifications in Aland (the so-called Aland Islands Servitude). -
La Force Noire: Race in the French Colonial Army During the Great War
Luc Renaux History Seminar 5/31/18 Research Term Paper La Force Noire: Race in the French Colonial Army during the Great War Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………. 2 Review of Previous Literature……………………………………………………………… 3 Fighting for the French Empire before 1910……………………………………………….. 15 La Force Noire; Mangin’s Manifesto………………………………………………………. 16 Assembling an Army……………………………………………………………………….. 18 Black Soldiers and White Officers…………………………………………………………. 19 Circulaire Linard; Differences in Understanding of Race between America and France….. 21 Remembrance after the War………………………………………………………………... 22 Conclusion and Avenues for Further Study………………………………………………… 24 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………........... 26 1 19-24 août 1914, Givet, Ardennes, France. Gare de chemins de fer à la frontière Belge « Passage de troupes, de blesses des lignes de Charleroi (Belgique) ...un grand diable de tirailleur blesse aux jambes a son pantalon rouge de sang de la hanche au genou. a notre question, il nous répond ’Pas sang à moi, ça Boche, zigouille ‘ les autres tirailleurs que j'ai vu se trouvaient dans les mêmes conditions… » English Translation of Excerpt August 19-24, 1914 Givet, Ardennes, France Railroad station at the Belgian border Trains arriving carrying wounded from the Charleroi (Belgium) front line …A tirailleur (Senegalese) as big as a devil with a leg wound, and his trousers covered with blood from the hip to the knee. Answering our question [How were you wounded?], he responded “Not my blood, but the Boche’s [German], zigouille [I got him]” The other tirailleurs I saw were in similar conditions… - Charles Desire Brasseur Introduction The First World War was likely the most important conflict in defining European history and cultural identity. To this day its profound cultural impacts can be seen. -
The Strategic Value of Proxies and Auxiliaries in Wars Amongst the People
Conceptualising the regular-irregular engagement: the strategic value of proxies and auxiliaries in wars amongst the people Book or Report Section Accepted Version Rauta, V. (2019) Conceptualising the regular-irregular engagement: the strategic value of proxies and auxiliaries in wars amongst the people. In: Brown, D., Murray, D., Riemann, M., Rossi, N. and Smith, M. (eds.) War Amongst the People. Howgate Publishing Limited, Havant. Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/81725/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . Publisher: Howgate Publishing Limited All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online 1 Chapter 5: Conceptualising the Regular-Irregular Engagement: The Strategic Value of Proxies and Auxiliaries in Wars amongst the People Vladimir Rauta Introduction The notion of ‘war amongst the people’ is a central feature of the twenty-first century security environment. Introduced by Rupert Smith in his ground-breaking The Utility of Force,1 ‘war amongst the people’ captured a reality long in the making, whose historical lineage could partly be traced back to the origins of war itself. The appeal of the concept came from combining the simplicity -
Police Department
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file, please contact us at NCJRS.gov. Enhancing Public Safety by Leveraging Resources 0 --.. A Resource Guide for Law Enforcement Agencies J @ 0 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ This project was supported by Award No. 2002-DD-BX-0010 awarded by @ the Bureau of Justice Assistance, Office of Justice Programs. The opinions, @ findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this @ publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the @ views of the Department of Justice. @ @ @ @ @ 0 0 2o 5957 0 0 0 Table of Contents 0 0 0 0 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................... i 0 Part h Establishing or Enhancing a Volunteer Program 0 0 Section 1: Introduction .................................................................................................... 1 0 0 Section 2: The Current State of Volunteerism .............................................................. 4 0 Section 3: Building Program Infrastructure ................................................................. 8 0 0 Section 4: Recruitment ....................................................................................................16 0 0 Section 5: Selection and Management ..........................................................................20 0 Section 6: Training ..........................................................................................................24 -
P R O C E E D I N G S of the of the United States
107th_covers 6/21/07 10:41 AM Page 1 110th Congress, 1st Session ......................................................House Document 110-40 P R O C E E D I N G S OF THE 107th NATIONAL CONVENTION OF THE VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES [SUMMARY OF MINUTES] Reno, Nevada : : : August 26 - August 31, 2006 107TH NATIONAL CONVENTION OF THE VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS 107th_backstrip 6/21/07 10:58 AM Page 1 107th_covers 6/21/07 10:41 AM Page I 110th Congress, 1st Session ......................................................House Document 110-40 PROCEEDINGS of the 107th ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES (SUMMARY OF MINUTES) Reno, Nevada August 26-31, 2006 Referred to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs and ordered to be printed. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 2007 36-122 107th 5/25/07 1:05 PM Page II U.S. CODE, TITLE 44, SECTION 1332 NATIONAL ENCAMPMENTS OF VETERANS’ ORGANIZATIONS; PROCEEDINGS PRINTED ANNUALLY FOR CONGRESS The proceedings of the national encampments of the United Spanish War Veterans, the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, the Amer- ican Legion, the Military Order of the Purple Heart, the Veterans of World War I of the United States, Incorporated, the Disabled American Veterans, and the AMVETS (American Veterans of World War II), respectively, shall be printed annually, with accompanying illustrations, as separate House doc- uments of the session of the Congress to which they may be submitted. [Approved October 2, 1968.] II 107th 6/22/07 3:11 PM Page III LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES, RENO, NEVADA, April, 2007 Honorable Nancy Pelosi The Speaker U.S. -
THE GREAT POWERS and the EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN
Boston University THE GREAT POWERS and the EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN CAS IR 325 / HI 229 Fall Semester 2014 Tuesday and Thursday 11:00-12:30 Prof. Erik Goldstein Office Hours: Tues./ Thurs. 2-3 Office: 152 Bay State Road, 3rd Floor Wednesday 10-11 Telephone: 353-9280 tel. preferred to email COURSE SYLLABUS Course Description This course will look at the Eastern Mediterranean as a centre of Great Power confrontation, and consider such issues as the impact of the competition on wider international relations, the domestic impact on the region of this involvement, the role of seapower, the origins and conduct on wars in the region, and attempts at conflict resolution. Objectives To provide an understanding of the nature of Great Power rivalry, to gain insight into the underlying factors affecting international relations in the Eastern Mediterranean, and to consider how governments evolve and implement policy. Requirements Mid-term examination 30% (16 Oct. 2014) Comprehensive final examination. 70% (to be detemined by University Registrar) All class members are expected to maintain high standards of academic honesty and integrity. The College of Arts and Sciences’ pamphlet “Academic Conduct Code” provides the standards and procedures. Cases of suspected academic misconduct will be referred to the Dean’s Office. Students are reminded that attendance is required, and reasons for non-attendance should be notified to the instructor. Cell phones are to be turned off. Repeated disruption caused by phones ringing will result in a grade penalty to be determined by the instructor. Core Readings Donald Quataert. The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922 (2000) Peter Mansfield.