Perubahan Tradisi Permainan Meriam Karbit Di Desa Tanjung Harapan, Kecamatan Singkep, Kabupaten Lingga, Provinsi Kepulauanriau

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Perubahan Tradisi Permainan Meriam Karbit Di Desa Tanjung Harapan, Kecamatan Singkep, Kabupaten Lingga, Provinsi Kepulauanriau PERUBAHAN TRADISI PERMAINAN MERIAM KARBIT DI DESA TANJUNG HARAPAN, KECAMATAN SINGKEP, KABUPATEN LINGGA, PROVINSI KEPULAUANRIAU Oleh : Mohamad Imam Handoko Nim : 1001132728 Dosen pembimbing : Drs. S is Tantoro, M.Si $urusan : Sosiologi Alamat : jln. Merak Sakti, (g. $annatun Naim No : 12, Panam, Pekanbaru No Hp. 085767,0007,. Email : ihand.666/0ahoo.com ABSTRACT This stud0, entitled Tradition carbide cannon (ames 2illage Cape of (ood Hope, District Singkep, 5ingga regenc0, Riau Islands Province. This stud0 aims to describe the implementation process of tradition (ames carbide cannon, to determine hat changes occur in (ames carbide cannon tradition and to reveal the factors causing changes in tradition carbide cannon games, as ell as describe the participants involved in the implementation of Tradition carbide cannon game. To anal08e 9ualitative research data, the collected data is then presented descriptivel0 describe or recount the results of research ith the description of the logical sentences in order to understand and eas0 to understand. This research as conducted in the village of Tanjung Harapan, Singkep districts, 5ingga regenc0, Riau Islands Province. The results of the stud0 indicate a change in tradition (ames carbide cannon, hich no ada0s is rarel0 the person ho did this game. This is due to several factors, including internal and e:ternal factors. Among the internal factors, the drive from ithin the communit0 to change, education and mindset that have been advanced, heterogeneous Pnduduk, a sense of dissatisfaction, the influence of foreign cultures, contact ith other cultures. Ke0 ords: social change, carbide cannon, Tradition BAB I PENDAHULUAN 5atar Belakang Masalah Indonesia adalah negara di Asia Tenggara, 0ang di lintasi garis khatulisti a dan berada di antara benua Asia dan Australia serta antara samudra Fasifik dan samudra Hindia. Indonesia negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia 0ang terdiri dari 13.487 pulau, oleh karena itu Indonesia disebut juga sebagai Nusantara (Kepulauan Antara ). Dengan jumlah penduduk sebesar 222 juta ji a pada tahun 2006. Indonesia adalah negara berpenduduk terbesar keempat di dunia dan negara 0ang berpenduduk muslim terbesar di dunia, meskipun secara resmi bukanlah negara Islam ( http : AA id. Bikipedia. OrgA ikiA indonesia : 2012 ) 5ingga adalah sebuah pulau 0ang sekaligus merupakan nama sebuah kabupaten 0ang terdapat di provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Kabupaten ini beribukota di Daek. Nama ibukota dan pulau ini sering di gabung menjadi satu, sehingga menjadi C DaikD 5ingga.E Kabupaten lingga memiliki 5 ( lima ) kecamatan 0aitu kecamatan Singkep, kecamatan Singkep Barat, kecamatan Daik 5ingga, kecamatan 5ingga Ftara dan kecamatan Sena0ang.( BPS Kabupaten 5ingga, Kabupaten 5ingga Dalam Angka 200, : 7 ) Dabo Singkep merupakan sebuah pulau 0ang terletak di provinsi Kepulauan Riau kabupaten 5ingga dengan ma0oritas pendudukn0a bersuku Mela0u dan beragama Islam. Kehidupan mas0arakat Dabo Singkep, rataDrata ban0ak 0ang tinggal di daerah pesisir pantai semenanjung sebelah selatan dan timur pulau Dabo Singkep. Berprofesi sebagai nela0an menjadi rutinitas mas0arakat Dabo Singkep dengan didukungn0a kelautan 0ang memiliki keka0aan alam 0ang sangat besar bagi mas0arakat sebagai mata pencaharian sehariDhari. Tidak terlepas dari itu, ban0ak juga mas0arakat Dabo Singkep 0ang berpenghasilan sebagai pedagang, petani dan lainD lain. Tradisi 0ang dimiliki oleh mas0arakat Kabupaten 5ingga, di Kecamatan Singkep terutama di Desa Tanjung Harapan salah satun0a 0aitu tradisi permainan Meriam Karbit. Desa Tanjung Harapan merupakan desa 0ang sangat subur dan terletak berdekatan dengan batas pantai di kecamatan Singkep. Meriam karbit merupakan tradisi mas0arakat desa Tanjung Harapan kecamatan Singkep kabupaten lingga dalam men0ambut hariDhari besar Islam seperti men0ambut malam Bulan suci Ramadhan dan hariDhari besar Islam lainn0a. Tradisi membun0ikan Meriam Karbit berdasarkan cerita mas0arakat di Desa Tanjung Harapan bera al dari Sultan 5ingga 0aitu Sultan Abdul Rahman II Muad8am S0ah ( 1885D1,11 ) 0ang datang ke ila0ah singkep tepatn0a di daerah tanah kuning atau pasir kuning namun sekarang di kenal dengan Desa Tanjung Harapan. Pada saat itu bertepatan dengan datangn0a bulan suci Ramadhan beliau memerintahkan kepada seluruh mas0arakat di ila0ah itu untuk membun0ikan Meriam sebagai penanda aktu masukn0a bulan suci Ramadhan karena tidak adan0a alatDalat teknologi seperti sekarang ini Sehingga permainan meriam Karbit tersebut terus di mainkan dan menjadi tradisi mas0arakat di daerah tersebut. Menurut sejarahn0a Meriam Karbit ini di bun0ikan sebagai penanda aktu 0aitu untuk menandai datangn0a hariDhari besar Islam seperti Maulud Nabi Muhammad SAB, bulan suci Ramadhan, bulan S0a al dan hariDhari besar Islam lainn0a. Maka dalam hal inilah permainan meriam karbit ini han0a ada dan dilakukan oleh mas0arakat desa Tanjung Harapan saja sedangkan di desaDdesa lainn0a 0ang ada di Kecamatan Singkep tidak ada 0ang memainkann0a dan ketika permainan ini dimainkan oleh arga desa Tanjung Harapan, sebagian dari argaD arga desa lainn0a pada berdatangan untuk men0aksikan permainan tersebut karena di anggap sebagai hiburan untuk mereka. Tahun 1,,7 tradisi itu mulai memudar sampai pada saat ini. Sejak itu kesenian 0ang berupa permainan Meriam Karbit dilakukan atau han0a dimainkan oleh sebagian kecil mas0arakat saja serta sudah mulai di lupakan. Ketika hariDhari besar seperti bulan suci Ramadhan datang, han0a sebagian mas0arakat desa Tanjung Harapan 0ang mencoba memainkan dan membun0ikan Meriam Karbit tersebut. Hal ini sungguh sangat berbeda dan sangat mengalami perubahan di bandingkan 8aman dahulu. Antusiasme mas0arakat desa untuk memainkan permainan tersebut mulai menurun. Hal ini bermula dari orangDorang 0ang memainkann0a. Dahulun0a para pemudaDpemuda 0ang sudah de asa 0ang berumur di atas 20 tahun sangat antusias untuk memainkan permainan meriam karbit ini dikarenakan permainan ini merupakan tradisi turun temurun dari orangDorang tua terdahulu dan merupakan hiburan bagi mereka tetapi disaat sekarang ini para pemudaDpemuda desa 0ang berumur 20 tahun keatas telah enggan dan tidak lagi mau memainkan permainan meriam karbit ini. Hal ini dikarenakan pemudaDpemuda tersebut menganggap permainan meriam karbit ini terlalu sulit dan memakan ban0ak aktu serta tenaga mereka 0aitu pertamaD tama dalam hal pembuatann0a, karena harus menebang pohon sagu terlebih dahulu kemudian membelahn0a dan melubangin0a serta menangkupkann0a kembali sambil di ikat menggunakan rotan, belum lagi dalam hal memba an0a kelokasi permainan dan tata cara memainkann0a sehingga mereka mulai melupakan permainan tersebut.Para pemudaDpemuda desa ini lebih memilih memainkan petasanDpetasan ataupun kembang api 0ang mereka beli di pasar di karenakan lebih praktis dan tidak memakan ban0ak aktu dan tenaga alaupun jumlah uang 0ang di keluarkan untuk membeli petasan ataupun kembang api tersebut sedikit besar. Adapun harga petasan dan kembang api 0ang biasan0a dimainkan oleh pemudaDpemuda desa Tanjung Harapan tersebut berkisar antara 50.000 G 100.000 ribu rupiah. Balaupun begitu tetapi ada sebagian kecil anakDanak maupun pemuda 0ang masih tetap memainkan meriam karbit tersebut sebagai hiburan untuk mereka saja. Sedangkan dalam hal peralatan permainan meriam karbit inipada masa sekarang ada beberapa peralatan 0ang tidak di gunakan lagidan telah diganti dengan peralatan lain 0aitu seperti Meriamn0a 0ang dahulun0a menggunakan ka0u atau batang sagu tetapi sekarang menggunakan Besi pipa bulat 0ang besar. Mereka memilih peralatan 0ang lebih praktis saja dan 0ang di anggap gampang. Berdasarkan uraian 0ang penulis paparkan di latar belakang, penulis tertarik untuk mengadakan penelitian untuk dapat menggambarkan tentang perubahan C Tradisi Permainan Meriam Karbit di Desa Tanjung Harapan, Kecamatan Singkep, Kabupaten Lingga, Kepulauan Riau. C 1.2 Perumusa Masalah Berdasarkan latar belakang 0ang telah di paparkan di atas, maka rumusan masalah 0ang menjadi pokok penelitian adalah : 1. Apa saja perubahan 0ang terjadi pada Tradisi Permainan Meriam Karbit, di Desa Tanjung Harapan, Kecamatan Singkep, Kabupaten 5ingga, Kepulauan Riau H 2. Apa faktor pen0ebab perubahan Permainan Meriam Karbit, di Desa Tanjung Harapan, Kecamatan Singkep, Kabupten 5ingga, Kepulauan Riau H 1.3 Tu$ua da Ma faat Pe elitia 1.3.1 Tu$ua Pe elitia Berdasarkan perumusan masalah 0ang di paparkan di atas, maka terdapat tujuan penelitian. Adapun tujuan penelitian adalah : a. Fntuk mengetahui proses perubahan Permainan Meriam Karbit, di Desa Tanjung Harapan, Kecamatan Singkep, Kabupaten 5ingga, Kepulauan Riau. b. Fntuk mengetahui faktor pen0ebab perubahan permainan Meriam Karbit, di Desa Tanjung Harapan, Kecamatan Singkep, Kabupaten 5ingga, Kepulauan Riau. 1.3.2 Ma faat Pe elitia Berdasarkan tujuan penelitian 0ang telah di paparkan di atas, maka terdapat manfaat penelitian. Adapun manfaat penelitiann0a adalah : a. Dapat mengetahui perubahan 0ang terjadi pada permainan Meriam Karbit, di Desa Tanjung Harapan, Kecamatan Singkep, Kabupaten 5ingga, Kepulauan Riau. b. Bisa menggambarkan faktor pen0ebab perubahan permainan Meriam Karbit, di Desa Tanjung Harapan, Kecamatan Singkep, Kabupaten 5ingga, Kepulauan Riau. c. Meningkatkan dan menambah pengetahuan dalam bidang disiplin Sosiologi khususn0a perubahan sosial. d. Acuan bahan penelitian selanjutn0a 0ang berhubungan dengan masalah 0ang sama. BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Kera gka Teoretis Fntuk mempelajari perubahan mas0arakat, perlu di ketahui sebabDsebab 0ang melatarbelakangi terjadin0a
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