The Global Publishing Industry in 2018
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The Global Publishing Industry in 2018 The Global Publishing Industry in 2018 The user is allowed to reproduce, distribute, adapt, translate and publicly perform this publication, including for commer- cial purposes, without explicit permission, provided that the content is accompanied by an acknowledgement that WIPO is the source and that it is clearly indicated if changes were made to the original content. Suggested citation: WIPO (2020). The Global Publishing Industry in 2018. Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization. Adaptation/translation/derivatives should not carry any offi- cial emblem or logo, unless they have been approved and validated by WIPO. Please contact us via the WIPO website to obtain permission. For any derivative work, please include the following dis- claimer: “The Secretariat of WIPO assumes no liability or responsibility with regard to the transformation or translation of the original content.” When content published by WIPO, such as images, graphics, trademarks or logos, is attributed to a third-party, the user of such content is solely responsible for clearing the rights with the right holder(s). To view a copy of this license, please visit © WIPO, 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Intellectual Property Organization The designations employed and the presentation of material 34, chemin des Colombettes throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any P.O. Box 18 opinion whatsoever on the part of WIPO concerning the legal CH-1211 Geneva 20 status of any country, territory or area or of its authorities, Switzerland or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ISBN: 978-92-805-3148-0 This publication is not intended to reflect the views of the Member States or the WIPO Secretariat. Attribution 3.0 IGO (CC BY 3.0 IGO) The mention of specific companies or products of manu- facturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recom- Photo credits: Getty Images / ktsimage mended by WIPO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Printed in Switzerland Table of contents Acknowledgments 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Main findings based on the IPA–WIPO survey 8 3. Legal deposits survey 18 4. Nielsen BookScan data 23 5. International ISBN Agency data 24 6. Publishing by the STM sector 26 7. What do different data sources tell us? 30 8. Future direction 33 Annexes 34 3 THE GLOBAL PUBLISHING INDUSTRY IN 2018 Acknowledgments This report was prepared under the direction of Francis Gurry (Director General) and super- vised by Carsten Fink (Chief Economist). The report was authored by Anastasiya Letnikava with inputs from Mosahid Khan, both from the Economics and Statistics Division. We are grateful to the copyright offices, national legal depositories, national publishers asso- ciations, Centro Regional para al Fomento del Libro en América Latina y el Caribe (CERLALC), the Federation of European Publishers (FEP), the International ISBN Agency and the Nielsen Company for sharing their publishing industry data with WIPO. Their invaluable cooperation has made The Global Publishing Industry in 2018 report possible. Thanks go to the following experts who have provided guidance on the questionnaire design, reviewed the compiled data and provided comments and suggestions on the draft: José Borghino, Andre Breedt, Stella Griffiths, José Diego González Mendoza, James Taylor, Enrico Turrin, Reeta Windsor and Rüdiger Wischenbart. Samiah Do Carmo Figueiredo and Cécile Roure provided administrative support. Gratitude is also due to the Publications Division for the editing and design and to staff in the Printing Plant for their services. 4 THE GLOBAL PUBLISHING INDUSTRY IN 2018 1. Introduction To improve the availability of statistical data This report presents the latest publishing for the creative economy, the International statistics compiled from the following sourc- Publishers Association (IPA) and the World es: (a) the IPA–WIPO publishing survey, (b) the Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Centro Regional para al Fomento del Libro conducted a pilot survey to compile publishing en América Latina y el Caribe (CERLALC), (c) statistics in 2017. In all, 35 national publishers WIPO’s legal deposits survey, (d) the Nielsen associations (NPAs) and copyright authorities Company, (e) the International ISBN Agency, shared their 2016 data covering the publishing and (f) the Web of Science database. industry. Results from the piloted survey were published in The Global Publishing Industry Publishing industry data are not unified under in 2016 report. The following year in 2018, 53 a single authority. For this reason, the report countries/territories responded to the survey presents data from additional sources to and shared their 2017 data with WIPO. provide a broad picture of the publishing indus- try. One drawback to this approach is that data To improve survey response rate and data from these sources may provide conflicting quality, WIPO organized a technical workshop information about market size and the evolu- in April 2019 that brought together a selected tion of activity within the publishing industry number of experts to review the questionnaire due to differences in methodology and market and the data collection process (see annex coverage. That said, compiling data from addi- A1 for a list of the expert contributors to the tional sources does enable users to validate workshop). Based on this expert input, the and/or supplement the data compiled through methodological guidance attached to the the IPA–WIPO questionnaire. questionnaire was refined and the question- naire simplified. 5 THE GLOBAL PUBLISHING INDUSTRY IN 2018 Data sources The pilot survey launched in 2017 covered three sectors: trade, educational, and scientific, technical and medical (STM). A number of respondents indicated that data for the STM sector was not available. Furthermore, STM sector publishing is dominated by multinational firms located around the world, making it extremely difficult to track the requested data. For this reason, the STM sector is no longer covered by the IPA–WIPO publishing survey. Our aim instead is to exploit other data sources to capture STM sector publishing activity (see section 6). To validate and complement IPA–WIPO survey data, data from additional sources have been compiled; for example, data from legal deposits, ISBNs, private entities, etc. Cooperation with the Federation of European Publishers (FEP) and CERLALC was strength- ened to reduce the burden on respondents and increase the geographical coverage of the report. We are grateful to the FEP and CERLALC for their willingness to share data. The International ISBN Agency shared aggregate data for around 20 countries that serves as a benchmark for the number of titles published in a given country.1 WIPO is also appreciative of the cooperation given it by the Nielsen Company in sharing aggregate sales and revenue data for 10 countries. The scope of the IPA–WIPO survey is limited to published materials (i.e., books, monographs, etc.) issued with an ISBN, a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) or any other book identifier. Data availability in terms of breakdown is available in annexes A2, A3 and A4. Caution should be exercised when interpreting the IPA–WIPO survey data, as it is incomplete and partial. Moreover, the share of the total publishing industry represented by national publishers associations (NPAs) varies between countries and methodological differences mean that comparisons between countries are difficult to make. 1. Although, an ISBN is not the sole book identifier for some countries, it is nonetheless the largest standardized identification system in most countries. 6 THE GLOBAL PUBLISHING INDUSTRY IN 2018 Map 1. Participation in the IPA–WIPO publishing survey 2018 data 2017 data 2016 data No data available Note: a total of 63 countries/territories are covered by the survey, including 56 for 2018 alone. In total, 56 NPAs and copyright authorities the survey to 63 (figure 1). Moreover, a number shared their 2018 data, while seven associa- of respondents indicated a willingness to tions/authorities shared data for 2016/2017 share their 2018 data when they become (which are the latest available). This brings the available. For details on respondents, refer total number of countries/territories covered by to annex A5. 7 THE GLOBAL PUBLISHING INDUSTRY IN 2018 2. Main findings based on the IPA–WIPO survey What is the revenue for the The online sales channel generated more than trade and educational sectors? half of total trade sector revenue in the U.K. The U.S. (41.6%), Brazil (25.5%), Italy (24%) The 2018 total sales and licensing revenue and Sweden (23.5%) likewise each had a large for the trade and the educational sectors is proportion of its total trade sector revenue available for 19 countries. In addition, a further generated by this channel. However, the brick four countries provided 2017 data. Those and mortar channel continues to generate the 19 countries together generated revenue of largest share of total trade sector revenue for USD 50.3 billion in 2018. The United States all reported countries, except for Slovenia, the of America (U.S.) (USD 23.3 billion) reported U.K. and the U.S. (figure 3). the largest net revenue, followed by Germany (USD 6.1 billion), the United Kingdom (U.K.) Revenue generated by the educational sector (USD 5.4 billion), the Republic of Korea in 2018 is available for 16 countries. The U.S. (USD 5 billion) and France (USD 3 billion) with USD 7.1 billion reported the largest total (table 1). Trade sector revenue accounted for revenue, followed by the Republic of Korea 50% or more of total revenue in 14 countries – (2.6 billion), the U.K. (USD 2.3 billion) and Italy ranging from 56.6% in Finland to 93.3% in the (USD 0.9 billion) (table 1). For all 16 of the Czech Republic. Educational sector revenue reported countries, print editions accounted accounted for over half of total revenue in for the bulk of revenue, ranging from 67.4% in South Africa (68.7%), the Republic of Korea Denmark to 98% in Estonia.