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Water Access and Distribution in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
From Public Pipes to Private Hands Water Access and Distribution in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Marianne Kjellén Department of Human Geography Stockholm University 2006 Abstract In cities around the world, public water systems have increasingly come to be operated by private companies. Along with an internationally funded investment program to refurbish the dilapidated water infrastructure, private operations were tested also in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Only about a third of the households, however, are reached by the piped water system; most households purchase water from those with pipe-connections or private boreholes. Thus, water distribution was informally privatized by way of water vending long before formal private sector participation began. This thesis explores individual and collective endeavors in water development, distribution, and access, along with the global and local influences that shaped the privatization exercise. With regard to the lease of Dar es Salaam’s water system, the institutional set-up has been found to mix the British and French models, having influenced the local situation through development assistance and conditionalities tied to loans. The institutional contradictions may have contributed to the conflictive cancellation of the lease arrangement. Due to the public utility company’s lack of operating capital and investment planning, infrastructure development has responded mainly to immediate individual demands, resulting in a spaghetti-like network and structural leakage. The long-standing under-performance and low coverage of the piped water system have forced many people to devise their own ways to access water. This thesis argues that the individually devised artisan ways of water provisioning constitute the lifeline of Dar es Salaam’s water system. -
Facilitating Inclusion, Organization, and Rights for Street Vendors Ilona
WIDER Working Paper 2021/53 Towards sustainable livelihoods in the Tanzanian informal economy Facilitating inclusion, organization, and rights for street vendors Ilona Steiler1 and Chediel Nyirenda2 March 2021 In partnership with This publication results from Sustainable development solutions for Tanzania—strengthening research to achieve SDGs, a collaborative project between the UONGOZI Institute in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and UNU-WIDER in Helsinki, Finland, with a main research objective of informing the development and implementation of policies aiming for economic transformation and sustainable development in Tanzania and the East African region. With financial support provided by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, the joint project was launched in 2018 with key research questions giving the partners a framework for collaboration and the research work to be undertaken. The project focuses on macroeconomic perspectives, domestic resource mobilization, extractives, industrialization, sustainable livelihoods, and gender as a cross-cutting issue. The project provides local stakeholders a platform for research and policy discussions on Tanzania and bridges these discussions to the regional and international development debate. About UONGOZI Institute ‘Uongozi’ means leadership in Kiswahili, and inspiring and strengthening leadership is the core purpose of our organisation. UONGOZI Institute is dedicated to supporting African leaders to attain sustainable development for their nations and for Africa. This is done through the provision of high-quality executive education (leadership competencies), facilitation of policy dialogues, action-oriented research and technical assistance for public and private institutions. UONGOZI Institute, Magogoni Street, Kivukoni, P.O. Box 105753, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Abstract: In spite of having some intensive national strategies to address poverty, Tanzania lacks a coherent national strategy to ensure sustainable livelihoods for those working in its informal economy, of which street vending is an important sector. -
Dar Es Salaam-Ch1.P65
Chapter One The Emerging Metropolis: A history of Dar es Salaam, circa 1862-2000 James R. Brennan and Andrew Burton This chapter offers an overview history of Dar es Salaam. It proceeds chronologically from the town’s inception in the 1860s to its present-day status as one of the largest cities in Africa. Within this sequential structure are themes that resurface in later chapters. Dar es Salaam is above all a site of juxtaposition between the local, the national, and the cosmopolitan. Local struggles for authority between Shomvi and Zaramo, as well as Shomvi and Zaramo indigenes against upcountry immigrants, stand alongside racialized struggles between Africans and Indians for urban space, global struggles between Germany and Britain for military control, and national struggles between European colonial officials and African nationalists for political control. Not only do local, national, and cosmopolitan contexts reveal the layers of the town’s social cleavages, they also reveal the means and institutions of social and cultural belonging. Culturally Dar es Salaam represents a modern reformulation of the Swahili city. Indeed it might be argued that, partly due to the lack of dominant founding fathers and an established urban society pre- dating its rapid twentieth century growth, this late arrival on the East African coast is the contemporary exemplar of Swahili virtues of cosmopolitanism and cultural exchange. Older coastal cities of Mombasa and Zanzibar struggle to match Dar es Salaam in its diversity and, paradoxically, its high degree of social integration. Linguistically speaking, it is without doubt a Swahili city; one in which this language of nineteenth-century economic incorporation has flourished as a twentieth-century vehicle of social and cultural incorporation for migrants from the African interior as well as from the shores of the western Indian Ocean. -
WORKING PAPER February 2012
REPORT ON INVESTIGATION OF DAR ES SALAAM’S INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE WORKING PAPER February 2012 KASSENGA, Gabriel (ARDHI University) MBULIGWE, Stephen (ARDHI University) The project is co-funded by European Union How to quote: Kassenga Gabriel, Mbuligwe Stephen “Report on Investigation of Dar es Salaam‘s Institutional Activities related to Climate Change” Working Paper, February 2012 Dae es Salaam: Ardhi University. Available at: http://www.planning4adaptation.eu/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Table of Contents Figures IV Tables V Annexes VI Acknowledgements VII 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background and Rationale of the ACC Dar Projectt 1 1.2 Objective and Purpose o the Study 1 1.3 Study Methodology 1 1.4 Scope and Organisation of the Report 2 2 Dar es Salaam City 3 2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 Dar es Salaam City Physical and Social-Economic Characteristics 3 2.3 Survey Findings 5 2.3.1 Names and Details of the Interviews 6 2.3.2 Age Distribution 6 2.3.3 Education Profile 6 2.3.4 Period of Service 7 2.3.5 Competence and Responsibilities 7 2.3.6 Relationship between Institutions 8 2.3.7 Strategies and Programs in PU 8 2.3.8 Specific Policies and Strategies for PU 9 2.3.9 Financial Resources 10 2.3.10 Facility Supply in the PU 10 2.3.11 Development Changes in the PU in Past Years 11 2.3.12 Main Linkage and Interdependencies between City Centre, PU and Rural Areas 11 2.3.13 Informal and Formal Groups, NGOs, CBOs and -
Crime and Policing Issues in Dar Es Salaam Tanzania Focusing On: Community Neighbourhood Watch Groups - “Sungusungu”
CRIME AND POLICING ISSUES IN DAR ES SALAAM TANZANIA FOCUSING ON: COMMUNITY NEIGHBOURHOOD WATCH GROUPS - “SUNGUSUNGU” PRESENTED AT THE 1st SUB SAHARAN EXECUTIVE POLICING CONFERENCE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE (IACP) DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA: 27 – 30 AUGUST, 2000 Contents PREFACE:.........................................................................................................................................................................................I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................................................................III 1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................ 7 DAR ES SALAAM IN BRIEF............................................................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION:......................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 HISTORICAL:.................................................................................................................................................................. 7 1.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING:.................................................................................................. 9 1.4 ORGANISATIONAL SETTING:.......................................................................................................................................13 -
Modelling Informal Settlement Growth in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
MODELLING INFORMAL SETTLEMENT GROWTH in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania FIKRESELASSIE KASSAHUN ABEBE March, 2011 SUPERVISORS: Dr. Johannes Flacke Dr. Richard Sliuzas MODELLING INFORMAL SETTLEMENT GROWTH in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania FIKRESELASSIE KASSAHUN ABEBE Enschede, The Netherlands, March, 2011 Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. Specialization: Urban Planning and Management SUPERVISORS: Dr. Johannes Flacke Dr. Richard Sliuzas THESIS ASSESSMENT BOARD: Prof. Dr. Ir. M.F.A.M. van Maarseveen (Chair) MSc. Ms. Olena Dubovyk (External Examiner, University of Bonn) Dr. Johannes Flacke (1st Supervisor) Dr. Richard Sliuzas (2nd Supervisor) DISCLAIMER This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the Faculty. ABSTRACT Dar es Salaam has witnessed rapid urbanization abreast many challenges that informal settlements have become inevitable manifestation of it. Although these settlements are known for relentless growth - leapfrogging into the unplanned periphery, very little is known about the driving forces for their sustained expansion and densification. Investigation of key driving forces of informal settlement growth in the city by coupling the potentials of Geo-Information Science with logistic regression modelling technique is made. A list of probable drivers is prepared in consultation with literature and experts‟ opinion, where in parallel spatio–temporal pattern of informal settlement expansion, 1982-2002, and densification, 1992- 1998, was conducted. -
Dar Es Salaam Transport Policy and System Development Master Plan
No. Dar es Salaam City Council The United Republic of Tanzania Dar es Salaam Transport Policy and System Development Master Plan Final Report June 2008 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY PACIFIC CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECT CONSULTANTS EI J R 08-009 Dar es Salaam City Council The United Republic of Tanzania Dar es Salaam Transport Policy and System Development Master Plan Final Report June 2008 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY PACIFIC CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECT CONSULTANTS The exchange rates applied in this Study are: US$ 1.00 = Tshs. 1,271.26 US$ 1.00 = Japanese Yen 116.74 (as of December 2007) Dar es Salaam Transport Policy and System Development Master Plan Preface In July 2005, The Government of Tanzania (hereinafter referred to as GOT) officially requested the Government of Japan (hereinafter referred to as GOJ) to provide Japan’s technical assistance in developing a transportation master plan named the “Urban Transport Policy and System Development Master Plan for the City of Dar es Salaam” (hereinafter referred to as the Study). In response to the request from GOT, Japan International Cooperation Agency (hereinafter referred to as JICA) dispatched a preparatory study team, and the Scope of Work of the Study and the Minutes of Meeting were signed and exchanged between Dar es Salaam City Council (hereinafter referred to as DCC, the implementation agency of the Study) and JICA in December 2006. JICA has selected a consortium of consultant, consisting of Pacific Consultants International (hereinafter referred to as PCI) and Construction Project Consultants Inc. (hereinafter referred to as CPC), both of Tokyo, Japan, in February 2007. -
Citywide Action Plan for Upgrading Unplanned and Unserviced Settlements in Dar Es Salaam
Citywide Action Plan for Upgrading Unplanned and Unserviced Settlements in Dar es Salaam DAR ES SALAAM LOCAL AUTHORITIES The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the United Nations, and a failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. Excerpts from the text may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. UN-HABITAT Nairobi, 2010 HS: HS/163/10E ISBN: 978-92-1-132276-7 An electronic version of the final version of this publication will be available for download from the UN-HABITAT web-site at http://www.unhabitat.org /publications UN-HABITAT publications can be obtained from our Regional Offices or directly from: United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi 00100, KENYA Tel: 254 20 7623 120 Fax: 254 20 7624 266/7 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.unhabitat.org Photo credits: Rasmus Precht (front cover), Samuel Friesen (back cover) Layout: Godfrey Munanga & Eugene Papa Printing: Publishing Services Section, Nairobi, ISO 14001:2004 - certified. Citywide Action Plan for Upgrading Unplanned and Unserviced Settlements in Dar -
Beatrice Range.Docx
Storm Water Drainage Deficiencies and Flood Risk Accumulation in Dar es Salaam The study focused on the assessment of storm water drainage deficiencies ad flood risk accumulation in Dar es Salaam. This study area, particularly involved the following selected locations; Vingungti, Ubungo, Mchikichini,Magomeni, Kigogo, Kariakoo, Jangwani, Hanna nassif and Buguruni ward. The objectives of this study include: to identify areas most prone to flooding hazard, to assess the existing quality and quantity status of storm water drainage system, to examine the causes and effects of flood risk accumulation, to evaluation current flood risk management measures in the case study and to analyze improvement needs and options that are applicable in selected locatons in the case study. Exploratory and descriptive types of methods were used to describe and study and existing condition and coverage and storm water drainage deficiencies respectively. Data collection methods were carried out using both primary and secondary data sources but the secondary data source was only relevant to reinforce the primary data, which was accomplished with the help of topographic map and a check list. The collected data were analyzed and presented using Microsoft-excel, SPSS and GIS. The findings of this study include: the major caused of flooding which was found to be storm water deficiencies namely; the blockage of storm water drainage, maintenance and inability to discharge water, Loss of property and occasional loss of life, disease and destruction of public infrastructure were some of flood risks observed during the study. This study strongly recommends improvement in the management of storm water drainage and integrated solid waste management to prevent over flowing of flood as a result of blockage of drains. -
Dar Report 2 2Full
Service Provision Governance in the Peri-urban Interface of Metropolitan Areas Research Project WSS PRACTICES AND LIVING CONDITIONS IN THE PERI-URBAN INTERFACE OF METROPOLITAN DAR ES SALAAM: THE CASES OF TUNGI AND STAKISHARI DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION University College of Lands and Architectural Studies (UCLAS) Dar es Salaam, Tanzania For more information, please contact: Peri-urban Research Project Team Development Planning Unit University College London 9 Endsleigh Gardens London WC1H 0ED United Kingdom Tel. +44 (0)20 76791111 Fax: +44 (0)20 76791112 E-mail project: [email protected] Email paper authors: [email protected] PUI website: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu/pui ãThe Development Planning Unit Disclaimer: This document is an output from a project funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID. DPU Service Provision Governance in the Peri-urban Interface of Metropolitan Areas ABOUT THE PROJECT This report is one of several outputs from the project Service provision governance in the peri- urban interface of metropolitan areas. This is a three-year project run by the Development Planning Unit, University College London in collaboration with a number of institutions from developing countries and with support from the UK Government’s Department for International Development (DFID). The purpose of the project is to improve guidance on governance and management of water and sanitation in the peri-urban interface (PUI) of metropolitan areas, in order to increase access by the poor and promote environmental sustainability. Presently there is a gap in the operating knowledge of implementing agencies on the specific problems that arise in the PUI. -
Compulsory Land Acquisitions in Tanganyika: Revisiting the British Colonial Expropriation Principles and Practices
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 4, ISSUE 12, DECEMBER 2015 ISSN 2277-8616 Compulsory Land Acquisitions In Tanganyika: Revisiting The British Colonial Expropriation Principles And Practices Cletus Eligius Ndjovu Abstract: The British took over Tanganyika from the Germans in 1919 after the First World War. In facilitating colonial economic policies the British Colonial Government enacted Land Ordinance Cap 113 of 1923 and Land Acquisition Ordinance Cap 118 of 1926. These laws facilitated the acquisition of native lands and considerably changed the way expropriation was handled leaving behind permanent marks on the later practice. The colonial practice exposed the inner most economic intents of the British government. Use of legal phrases like “for public purpose” embedded in the ordinance had multiple legal interpretations and loose definition befitting the colonial economic cravings of the time. Although major provisions of the colonial acquisition laws are reflected in the later laws, evidence suggests that a few elements of colonial expropriation practices have also sneaked in as “silent laws” of expropriation but others have not. Quite a few practices had been deliberately discarded or inadvertently forgotten for lack of a political will to purify and emulate them or due to lack of good record keeping. Using historical data and archival records from the Tanzania National Archives, this study explored colonial expropriations, mainly by focusing on the principles, laws, practices and procedures used. The main objective of the study was to identify “good practices” used during the said era, the intended and unintended consequences of these unreported practices especially those which need to be emulated by the current laws and practices. -
Dar Es Salaam Bus Rapid Transit Project Country: Tanzania
Language: English Original: English PROJECT: DAR ES SALAAM BUS RAPID TRANSIT PROJECT COUNTRY: TANZANIA ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SUMMARY Date: March 2015 Team Leader: P. Musa, Transport Engineer, TZFO/OITC.2 Team Members: J. Katala, Transport Engineer, OITC.2 J. Nyirubutama, Transport Economist OITC.2 N. Kulemeka, Socio-Economist, SARC/ONEC.3 E. Ndinya, Environmental Specialist, SARC/ONEC.3 Appraisal Team Sector Director: Mr. A. Oumarou, OITC Regional Director: Mr. G. Negatu, EARC Sector Manager: Dr. A. Babalola, OITC.2 Resident Rep: Dr. T. Kandiero, TZFO 0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) SUMMARY Project Title: Dar es Salaam Bus Rapid Transit Infrastructure Project Project Number: P-TZ-DB0-021 Country: Tanzania Department: OITC Division: OITC.2 Project Category: Category 1 1. INTRODUCTION The Government of Tanzania intends to establish, operate and manage a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, which is a cost effective sustainable transportation system for Dar es Salaam City to ensure fast and orderly flow of traffic on urban streets and roads. The Dar es Salaam BRT project follows the current land use plan that shows an extension of planned residential areas in the north-west direction along Ali Hassan Mwinyi road, in the south direction along Kilwa road and in Tabata area. The plan also shows an extension of unplanned residential areas in the west along Morogoro road and in the south-west corridor along Nyerere road. There is also an extension of industrial areas north along Ali Hassan Mwinyi road, along Nyerere road and part of Mikocheni Area. These areas constitute Phase 1,2 and 3 of the BRT System.