DOCSLIB.ORG

CASE AT.39767 – E.ON GAS ANTITRUST PROCEDURE Council Regulation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CASE AT.39767 – E.ON GAS ANTITRUST PROCEDURE Council Regulation CASE AT.39767 – E.ON GAS (Only the English text is authentic) ANTITRUST PROCEDURE Council Regulation (EC) 1/2003 Article 9 Regulation (EC) 1/2003 Date: 26/07/2016 This text is made available for information purposes only. A summary of this decision is published in all EU languages in the Official Journal of the European Union. Parts of this text have been edited to ensure that confidential information is not disclosed. Those parts are replaced by a non-confidential summary in square brackets or are shown as […]. EN EN TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 3 2. Review of the Commitments on the Basis of Article 9(2) of Regulation No 1/2003 ... 5 3. Relevant market ............................................................................................................ 6 3.1. Gas wholesale markets .................................................................................................. 6 3.1.1. Relevant product market ............................................................................................... 6 3.1.2. Relevant geographic market ......................................................................................... 7 3.2. Gas retail market ........................................................................................................... 8 3.2.1. Relevant product market ............................................................................................... 8 3.2.2. Relevant geographic market ......................................................................................... 8 3.3. Gas transport market ..................................................................................................... 8 3.3.1. Relevant product market ............................................................................................... 8 3.3.2. Relevant geographic market ......................................................................................... 9 4. Dominant Position ........................................................................................................ 9 4.1. Downstream wholesale market ..................................................................................... 9 4.2. Retail market for the supply of gas to industrial customers ........................................ 10 4.3. Gas transport market ................................................................................................... 10 5. Abuse of Dominance................................................................................................... 11 5.1. The abuse set out in the 2010 Decision ...................................................................... 11 5.2. No risk of further foreclosure ..................................................................................... 11 5.2.1. The implementation of the Commitments .................................................................. 11 5.2.2. Regulatory changes ..................................................................................................... 12 5.2.3. Changes in commercial behaviour .............................................................................. 13 5.2.4. Significant spare capacities ......................................................................................... 14 6. Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 14 EN 2 EN COMMISSION DECISION of 26.7.2016 relating to a proceeding under Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and Article 54 of the EEA Agreement Case AT.39317 – E.ON Gas (Only the English text is authentic) THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Having regard to the Agreement on the European Economic Area, Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty1, in particular Article 9(2) thereof, Whereas: 1. INTRODUCTION (1) The present Decision is addressed to E.ON SE ('E.ON'), its indirect subsidiary Uniper Global Commodities SE ('UGC' which belongs to E.ON's direct subsidiary Uniper SE ('Uniper')) and Open Grid Europe GmbH ('OGE'). With the present decision, the commitments rendered binding by the Commission Decision of 4 May 2010 in this case are terminated. (2) On 4 May 2010, the Commission adopted a Decision pursuant to Article 9 of Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 ('the 2010 Decision') addressed to E.ON (at the time E.ON AG) including its subsidiaries E.ON Ruhrgas AG ('E.ON Ruhrgas', which was later renamed E.ON Global Commodities and subsequently became UGC) and E.ON Gastransport GmbH ('EGT', which was later renamed OGE) and thereby made legally binding the commitments which E.ON had offered ('the Commitments') in order to remove the Commission's competition concerns relating to E.ON's behaviour regarding the gas markets in Germany.2 (3) The Commission's preliminary analysis in the 2010 Decision found that E.ON – being a vertically integrated market player at the time with activities in the supply of gas (via its 1 OJ L 1, 4.1.2003, p.1. With effect from 1 December 2009, Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty have become Articles 101 and 102, respectively, of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ('TFEU'). The two sets of provisions are, in substance, identical. For the purposes of this Decision, references to Articles 101 and 102 of the TFEU should be understood as references to Articles 81 and 82, respectively, of the EC Treaty when where appropriate. The TFEU also introduced certain changes in terminology, such as the replacement of 'Community' by 'Union' and 'common market' by 'internal market'. Where the meaning remains unchanged, the terminology of the TFEU will be used throughout this Decision. 2 Commission Decision COMP/39.317 in the case E.ON Gas of 4 May 2010. EN 3 EN subsidiary E.ON Ruhrgas) as well as in the transport of gas as the owner and operator of one of the major gas transport grids in Germany (via its subsidiary EGT) – had infringed Article 102 of the Treaty by refusing access to its gas grid. E.ON had booked the largest part of the available transport capacities in its gas transport grid on a long-term basis. The 2010 Decision, on the basis of its preliminary analysis, set out that the long-term capacity bookings could be considered as refusal to give access to an essential facility leading to a foreclosure of competitors on the wholesale market on which regional wholesalers supplied gas to small local and regional distributors as well as on the retail market for the supply of gas to industrial customers. On both these markets E.ON was considered to be dominant. (4) In order to remove the Commission's concerns E.ON committed to significantly reduce its bookings of transport capacity in the EGT-grid. This reduction was supposed to be achieved in a two-fold manner: (i) via a one-off measure by annulling a certain amount of the E.ON long-term bookings3 by October 2010 ('Immediate Capacity Release') and (ii) by subsequently reaching a defined booking threshold ('the booking threshold') expressed as a certain share of E.ON's long-term bookings of the total available capacity4 ('E.ON's booking quota') at the latest until 1 October 2015. E.ON, moreover, committed to remain below the booking threshold for a further 10 years from the date on when it first reached it. E.ON's bookings fell under the booking threshold for the first time on 1 April 2011. On this basis, the Commitments are supposed to remain valid until 1 April 2021. As confirmed by the Trustee monitoring E.ON's compliance with the Commitments ('Monitoring Trustee'), E.ON has so far fully complied with the Commitments and has reduced its booking quota even significantly below the threshold defined in the Commitments. (5) By letter dated 25 November 2011, E.ON informed the Commission of its planned divestment of EGT, which was renamed Open Grid Europe (OGE), and asked for clarification about the validity of the Commitments. The Commission replied by letter dated 15 December 2011 that the Commitments rendered binding on EGT would continue to apply to OGE after the divestment. As set out in the Commission's letter, the remaining Commitments still binding on OGE consisted mainly of reporting obligations. (6) Apart from this it is also worth noting, that E.ON recently announced to spin off large parts of its business, in particular E.ON Global Commodities, which is the E.ON subsidiary active in the gas wholesale market and trading business accounting for by far the largest part of E.ON's bookings of gas transport capacities, into a company called Uniper. E.ON indicated that in this process, E.ON Global Commodities would become 3 The 2010 Decision defined 'long-term bookings' as bookings exceeding 1 year of duration. 4 The 2010 Decision considered as total available capacity the firm freely allocable capacities at all entry points in the relevant market area which can be booked long-term. A capacity is considered as firm if it is provided with the guarantee of no interruptions. Capacities are freely allocable if they can be booked in an entry-exit system which had been newly introduced in Germany in 2007. In an entry-exit system, gas transport customers do not any longer book a specific transport path for their gas, but reserve entry and exit capacities of the relevant grid
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Economics of the Nord Stream Pipeline System
    The Economics of the Nord Stream Pipeline System Chi Kong Chyong, Pierre Noël and David M. Reiner September 2010 CWPE 1051 & EPRG 1026 The Economics of the Nord Stream Pipeline System EPRG Working Paper 1026 Cambridge Working Paper in Economics 1051 Chi Kong Chyong, Pierre Noёl and David M. Reiner Abstract We calculate the total cost of building Nord Stream and compare its levelised unit transportation cost with the existing options to transport Russian gas to western Europe. We find that the unit cost of shipping through Nord Stream is clearly lower than using the Ukrainian route and is only slightly above shipping through the Yamal-Europe pipeline. Using a large-scale gas simulation model we find a positive economic value for Nord Stream under various scenarios of demand for Russian gas in Europe. We disaggregate the value of Nord Stream into project economics (cost advantage), strategic value (impact on Ukraine’s transit fee) and security of supply value (insurance against disruption of the Ukrainian transit corridor). The economic fundamentals account for the bulk of Nord Stream’s positive value in all our scenarios. Keywords Nord Stream, Russia, Europe, Ukraine, Natural gas, Pipeline, Gazprom JEL Classification L95, H43, C63 Contact [email protected] Publication September 2010 EPRG WORKING PAPER Financial Support ESRC TSEC 3 www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk The Economics of the Nord Stream Pipeline System1 Chi Kong Chyong* Electricity Policy Research Group (EPRG), Judge Business School, University of Cambridge (PhD Candidate) Pierre Noёl EPRG, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge David M. Reiner EPRG, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Germany - Regulatory Reform in Electricity, Gas, and Pharmacies 2004
    Germany - Regulatory Reform in Electricity, Gas, and Pharmacies 2004 The Review is one of a series of country reports carried out under the OECD’s Regulatory Reform Programme, in response to the 1997 mandate by OECD Ministers. This report on regulatory reform in electricity, gas and pharmacies in Germany was principally prepared by Ms. Sally Van Siclen for the OECD. OECD REVIEWS OF REGULATORY REFORM REGULATORY REFORM IN GERMANY ELECTRICITY, GAS, AND PHARMACIES -- PART I -- ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT © OECD (2004). All rights reserved. 1 ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) shall promote policies designed: • to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy; • to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries in the process of economic development; and • to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations. The original Member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The following countries became Members subsequently through accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan (28th April 1964), Finland (28th January 1969), Australia (7th June 1971), New Zealand (29th May 1973), Mexico (18th May 1994), the Czech Republic (21st December 1995), Hungary (7th May 1996), Poland (22nd November 1996), Korea (12th December 1996) and the Slovak Republic (14th December 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Us Lng on Russian Natural Gas Export Policy
    THE IMPACT OF US LNG ON RUSSIAN NATURAL GAS EXPORT POLICY BY TATIANA MITROVA AND TIM BOERSMA DECEMBER 2018 ABOUT THE CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY The Center on Global Energy Policy provides independent, balanced, data-driven analysis to help policymakers navigate the complex world of energy. We approach energy as an economic, security, and environmental concern. And we draw on the resources of a world- class institution, faculty with real-world experience, and a location in the world’s finance and media capital. Visit us at www.energypolicy.columbia.edu @ColumbiaUenergy ABOUT THE SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS SIPA’s mission is to empower people to serve the global public interest. Our goal is to foster economic growth, sustainable development, social progress, and democratic governance by educating public policy professionals, producing policy-related research, and conveying the results to the world. Based in New York City, with a student body that is 50 percent international and educational partners in cities around the world, SIPA is the most global of public policy schools. For more information, please visit www.sipa.columbia.edu THE IMPACT OF US LNG ON RUSSIAN NATURAL GAS EXPORT POLICY BY TATIANA MITROVA AND TIM BOERSMA DECEMBER 2018 1255 Amsterdam Ave New York NY 10027 www.energypolicy.columbia.edu @ColumbiaUenergy THE IMPACT OF US LNG ON RUSSIAN NATURAL GAS EXPORT POLICY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For comments on earlier drafts of this paper and editorial guidance, the authors would like to thank Jason Bordoff, Jonathan Elkind, Anna Galkina, Matthew Robinson, Morena Skalamera, Rik Komduur, and Megan Burak. All remaining errors are the authors’ own.
    [Show full text]
  • E.ON 2003 Annual Report
    Financial Calendar 2003 Annual Report E.ON Group Financial Highlights in millions 2003 20021 +/– % Electricity sales volume (in billion kWh)2 387.6 333.6 +16 Gas sales volume (in billion kWh)2 803.7 721.3 +11 April 28, 2004 2004 Annual Shareholders Meeting Sales 46,364 36,624 +27 April 29, 2004 Dividend Payment EBITDA3 9,458 7,558 +25 EBIT3 6,228 4,649 +34 May 13, 2004 Interim Report: January–March 2004 Internal operating profit4 4,565 3,817 +20 Income/(loss) from continuing operations August 12, 2004 Interim Report: January–June 2004 before income taxes and minority interests 5,538 –759 – November 11, 2004 Interim Report: January–September 2004 Income/(loss) from continuing operations 3,950 –720 – Income/(loss) from discontinued operations 1,137 3,306 –66 March 10, 2005 Annual Press Conference, Net income 4,647 2,777 +67 Release of 2004 Annual Report Investments 9,196 24,159 –62 Cash provided by operating activities 5,538 3,614 +53 March 10, 2005 Annual Analysts Conference Stockholders’ equity 29,774 25,653 +16 Total assets 111,850 113,503 –1 April 27, 2005 2005 Annual Shareholders Meeting ROCE6 (in %) 9.9 9.2 +0.75 Cost of capital (in %) 9.5 9.5 – Return on equity after taxes7 (in %) 16.8 11.1 5.75 Employees at year end 66,549 101,336 –34 Earnings per share from (in ) on•top continuing operations 6.04 –1.10 – discontinued operations 1.74 5.07 –66 cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, net –0.67 0.29 – net income 7.11 4.26 +67 2003 Annual Report Per share (in ) Dividend 2.00 1.75 +14 Stockholders’ equity8 45.39 39.33 +15 1Adjusted for discontinued operations (see commentary on pages 133–141).
    [Show full text]
  • Nord Stream: Not Just a Pipeline
    FNI Report 15/2008 Nord Stream: Not Just a Pipeline An analysis of the political debates in the Baltic Sea region regarding the planned gas pipeline from Russia to Germany Bendik Solum Whist Nord Stream: Not Just a Pipeline An analysis of the political debates in the Baltic Sea Region regarding the planned gas pipeline from Russia to Germany Bendik Solum Whist [email protected] November 2008 Copyright © Fridtjof Nansen Institute 2008 Title: Nord Stream: Not Just a Pipeline. An analysis of the political debates in the Baltic Sea region regarding the planned gas pipeline from Russia to Germany Publication Type and Number Pages FNI Report 15/2008 79 Author ISBN Bendik Solum Whist 978-82-7613-546-6-print version 978-82-7613-547-3-online version Project ISSN 1504-9744 Abstract This report is an analysis of the planned gas pipeline from Russia to Germany through the Baltic Sea known as Nord Stream. Although not yet realised, the project has, since its birth, been the subject of harsh criticism and opposition by a significant number of states that consider themselves affected by the pipeline. Whereas the Baltic States and Poland have interpreted the pipeline as a political- ly motivated strategy that will increase Russia’s leverage on them and threaten their energy security, the debate in Sweden was at first mostly concerned with the prospect of increased Russian military presence in the Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone. The potential environmental impact of the pipeline has been, and continues to be, an overarching concern shared by all the littoral states of the Baltic Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Oil & Gas Industry of Ukraine
    Oil & gas industry of Ukraine [email protected] www.naftogaz.com/naftogaz_galuz 6/2013 Development of the gas market in Ukraine Kolbushkin Y.P. Mathematical simulation of oil wells performance Kachmar Y.D., Tsiomko V.V., Babiy M.B. Reliability of the instrumental accounting of natural gas Vlasyuk Y.M., Compan A.I., Vlasyuk L.Y. DEAR COLLEAGUES! Please, accept the warmest and the most sincere congratulations with the forthcoming New Year and Christmas! Seeing off the old year and meeting the New Year is always a good occasion to recall about common achievements, to thank for the fruitful work and to determine the plans for the future. Contrary to all difficulties, we successfully resolved a number of complex issues and overcame a lot of obstacles on the way towards strengthening of our Company’s position. Every day we put significant efforts to continue the development of oil and gas industry and increase the economic potential of our state. New Year is new tasks. We are about to face the new challenges, but together we will be able to implement the most ambitious plans, since the success of our Company depends on the professionalism and commitment of every one of us. Let each day of the New Year of 2014 give you new opportunities and increase the achievements, bring good mood and good luck! Let the year be full of new creative wins and achievements. I wish happiness, good health and prosperity to you and your families. Merry Christmas and Happy New Year! Best regards, Evgeniy Bakulin, President of National Joint Stock Company «Naftogaz of Ukraine» INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION In 1959 Ruhrgas AG mixed the German natural gas with coke of own production in Dorsten to meet the peak demand.
    [Show full text]
  • Nord Stream, Sweden and Baltic Sea Security
    Nord Stream, Sweden and Baltic Sea Security Nord Stream, Sweden and Baltic Sea Security Nord Stream, Sweden and Baltic In June 2006, FOI published the report: Sweden and the NEGP: a Pilot Study of the North Euro- pean Gas Pipeline and Sweden’s Dependence on Russian Energy, a base data report on a topic Sea Security Nord Stream, SwedenBaltic Seaand Security ROBERT L. LARSSON that FOI considered to be of rising importance, namely the suggested gas pipeline from Russia to Germany via the Baltic Sea. ROBERT L. LARSSON Much has happened since then and the NEGP has changed its name to Nord Stream and submit- ted an official notification on the intention of constructing the pipeline. This report constitutes an updated version of the previous report, but most of the old report still stands valid, especially concerning the historical survey of Russia’s energy policy. This new report has additional chapters and is broader in scope concerning the consequences of the project. The primary aim of the report is to discuss and analyse some of the core aspects of Nord Stream and the pipeline project with regard to the security situation of the Baltic Sea region. One conclusion is that Nord Stream would, if it is constructed, provide Europe with yet another opportunity to diversify its import channels of gas. It is however reasonable to conclude that Nord Stream also could change the strategic pattern and be a source of friction as it may rock the regional stability and reduce the potential of the new EU members to become security providers in Europe’s northern dimension.
    [Show full text]
  • E.ON 2005 Annual Report on Form 20-F Entitled “Item 3
    E.ON Group Financial Highlights Financial Calendar in millions 2005 20041 +/– % 2005 Annual Report Electricity sales (in billion kWh)2 404.3 392.4 +3 Gas sales (in billion kWh)2 924.4 868.2 +6 Sales 56,399 46,742 +21 Adjusted EBITDA3 10,272 9,741 +5 Adjusted EBIT4 7,333 6,787 +8 Income/Loss (–) from continuing operations before income taxes and minority interests 7,208 6,355 +13 May 4, 2006 2006 Annual Shareholders Meeting Income/Loss (–) from continuing operations 4,379 4,027 +9 May 5, 2006 Dividend Payout Income from discontinued operations, net 3,035 312 – Net income 7,407 4,339 +71 May 10, 2006 Interim Report January – March 2006 Investments 4,337 5,109 –15 Cash provided by operating activities 6,601 5,840 +13 August 15, 2006 Interim Report January – June 2006 Free cash flow5 3,611 3,228 +12 November 8, 2006 Interim Report January – September 2006 Net financial position6 (at year end) 3,863 –5,483 – Stockholders’ equity 44,484 33,560 +33 Total assets 126,562 114,062 +11 March 7, 2007 Release of 2006 Annual Report ROCE7 (in %) 12.1 11.5 +0.68 Cost of capital (in %) 9.0 9.0 – May 3, 2007 2007 Annual Shareholders Meeting Value added7 1,872 1,477 +27 Return on equity after taxes9 (in %) 19.0 13.7 +5.38 May 4, 2007 Dividend Payout Employees (at year end) 79,947 60,156 +33 May 9, 2007 Interim Report January – March 2007 Earnings per share from continuing operations (in ) 6.64 6.13 +8 Earnings per share from discontinued operations (in ) 4.61 0.48 – August 15, 2007 Interim Report January – June 2007 Earnings per share from cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, net (in ) –0.01 – – November 13, 2007 Interim Report January – September 2007 Earnings per share from net income (in ) 11.24 6.61 +70 Stockholders’ equity per share10 (in ) 67.50 50.93 +33 2005 Annual Report Dividend per share (in ) 2.75 2.35 +17 OneE.ON Special dividend per share (in ) 4.25 – – Dividend payout 4,61411 1,549 +198 Market capitalization12 ( in billions) 57.6 44.2 +30 1Adjusted for discontinued operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Prace OSW / CES Studies the Resource Wealth Burden – Oil and Gas Sectors in the Former USSR
    OÂ R O D E K ST U D I Ó W WS C H O D N I C H Centre for Eastern Studies Prace OSW / CES Studies TheP resource R Awealth C burden E Ð oil and gas sectors OSin the formerW USSR C ES S T U D I E S n u m e r 12 W a r s a w December 2003 © Copyright by Centre for Eastern Studies Editor Anna ¸abuszewska Graphic design Dorota Nowacka Translation Izabela Zygmunt, Ilona Duchnowicz Publisher Centre for Eastern Studies Koszykowa 6a Warsaw, Poland phone + 48 /22/ 525 80 00 fax: +48 /22/ 629 87 99 The “CES Studies” series contains analytical materials prepared at the Centre for Eastern Studies The Centre’s analytical materials can be found on the Internet at www. osw.waw.pl More information about the Centre for Eastern Studies is available at the same web address ISSN 1642-4484 C o n t e n t s Introduction / 5 Agata ¸o s k o t Key points / 7 Agata ¸o s k o t Chapter 1. Export potential of the post-Soviet region / 8 Agata ¸o s k o t Chapter 2. The Russian energy policy / 18 Ewa Pa s z y c Chapter 3. The oil and gas in the "transit countries" of the former USSR / 31 Arkadiusz Sarna Chapter 4. Foreign investments in the oil and gas sectors of CIS energy producers / 41 Iwona WiÊniewska Chapter 5. Oil and gas wealth Ð the impact on development prospects of CIS countries / 50 Wojciech Pa c z y Ä s k i Attachment / 5 9 Tables and maps / 6 0 I n t r o d u c t i o n The former USSR area plays a great role in the in- ternational oil and gas market.
    [Show full text]
  • From Russia with Gas an Analysis of the Nord Stream Pipeline's Impact
    Institute of Energy Economics at the University of Cologne Institute of Economics at the University of Cologne Albertus-Magnus-Platz 50923 Cologne, Germany EWI Working Paper, No 07.02 From Russia with Gas An analysis of the Nord Stream pipeline’s impact on the European Gas Transmission System with the Tiger-Model by Stefan Lochner and David Bothe September 2007 Für den Inhalt der EWI-Working Papers sind die jeweiligen Autorinnen und Autoren verantwortlich, nicht notwendigerweise das Institut. ___________________ The authors are solely responsible for the contents which do not necessarily represent the opinion of the EWI From Russia With Gas An analysis of the Nord Stream pipeline’s impact on the European Gas Transmission System with the Tiger-Model Stefan Lochner and David Bothe∗ September 2007 Abstract Europe’s increasing import dependency in natural gas facilitates a number of new infrastruc- ture projects. However, up to now it has always been difficult to assess the full impact of these projects as interdependencies within the whole European gas infrastructure system were hard to predict. We present a model that allows such forecasts and therefore an integrated analysis of new pipeline, storage or LNG terminal investments with a high resolution of time and space. To demonstrate the model’s capabilities, we examine the effects of the Russian-German Nord Stream (Baltic Sea) import pipeline with respect to its impact on Europe’s infrastructure system, espe- cially volume flows within the grid and the utilization of import pipelines with the respective effect on Europe’s gas supply mix. We analyse a scenario where Russian exports are allowed to increase alongside the capacity increase and one where they are not.
    [Show full text]
  • The European Gas and Oil Market: the Role of Norway
    NoteNote dede l’Ifril’Ifri The European Gas and Oil Market: The Role of Norway Florentina Harbo October 2008 Gouvernance européenne et géopolitique de l’énergie The Institut Français des Relations Internationales (Ifri) is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non-governmental and a non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. Using an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debate and research activities. With offices in Paris and Brussels, Ifri stands out as one of the rare French think tanks to have positioned itself at the very heart of European debate. The opinions expressed in this text are the responsibility of the authors alone. ISBN : 978-2-86592-397-7 © All rights reserved, Ifri, 2008 IFRI IFRI-BRUSSELS 27 RUE DE LA PROCESSION RUE MARIE-THÉRÈSE, 21 75740 PARIS CEDEX 15 1000 - BRUSSELS, BELGIUM TÉL. : 33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 TEL: 00 (+32) 2 238 51 10 FAX: 33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 E-MAIL: [email protected] EMAIL : [email protected] WEBSITE: ifri.org Gouvernance européenne et géopolitique de l’énergie The original feature of this program is to integrate European governance and energy geopolitics. The program highlights emerging key issues and delivers insight and analysis in order to educate policy makers and influence public policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Pipeline Technology Conference (Hannover Messe) 16 to 17 April 2007 Emergency Preparedness Based on SAP And
    Pipeline Technology Conference (Hannover Messe) 16 to 17 April 2007 Emergency Preparedness based on SAP and GIS Peter Götzen, Klaus Hermann, Gerald Linke, Andre Faberski E.ON Ruhrgas AG, Germany Emergency Preparedness based on SAP and GIS Abstract : Within the last two years, E.ON Ruhrgas – operating a gas transmission grid of some 11,000 km – has standardised its emergency preparedness applications. Three different tools are presented in this paper. They are interlinked with each others and they have improved the velocity and quality of actions following an unintentional mode of operation (e.g. flow interruption). Nowadays, a so-called Reporting Centre is staffed 24h a day, ready to manage mitigation measures or to co-ordinate the on-duty staff that is spread out over vast regions in Germany. First, the architecture of a intrusion management tool, which is completely integrated in the SAP Enterprise portal, is described. Second, benefits of a simplified GIS system – a schematic grid viewer (“Schemaplan”) – are shown. The schematic grid viewer includes all relevant information to assess the consequences that arise from a local flow interruption. Objects considered relevant for this purpose are: • pipelines (pipeline strings), • main gate valves and twin branch connections, • points of isolation (blinds, dished ends) • stations such as M&R stations, compressor stations, storage sites, • connections. The third application is called “Casuistry”, a program providing new functionalities for swift and safe failure management on the basis of GIS data. The core element of this application is the tracing function which is designed to automatically compile the following information for any position selected on a pipeline: • the shortest section that can be isolated • all valves, that must be closed, to isolate this pipeline section • all connections to the isolated section • measures necessary to prevent services upstream and downstream of the isolated section from being disrupted • measures to supply affected exit points • contact names, phone and fax nos., e-mail etc.
    [Show full text]