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The Zuozhuan Account of the Death of King Zhao of Chu and Its Sources
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 159 August, 2005 The Zuozhuan Account of the Death of King Zhao of Chu and Its Sources by Jens Østergaard Petersen Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino- Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. -
Wykorzystanie Biodegradowalnych Polimerów W Rozmnażaniu Ozdobnych Roślin Cebulowych
Inżynieria Ekologiczna Ecological Engineering Vol. 46, Feb. 2016, p. 143–148 DOI: 10.12912/23920629/61477 WYKORZYSTANIE BIODEGRADOWALNYCH POLIMERÓW W ROZMNAŻANIU OZDOBNYCH ROŚLIN CEBULOWYCH Piotr Salachna1 1 Katedra Ogrodnictwa, Wydział Kształtowania Środowiska i Rolnictwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie, ul. Papieża Pawła VI 3, 71-459 Szczecin, e-mail: [email protected] STRESZCZENIE Syntetyczne regulatory wzrostu mają negatywny wpływ na środowisko stąd coraz częściej w ogrodnictwie wyko- rzystuje się naturalne biostymulatory. Niektóre naturalne polimery wykazują stymulujący wpływ na wzrost i roz- wój roślin. Związki te mogą być stosowane do tworzenia hydrożelowych otoczek na powierzchni organów roślin- nych w celu ochrony przed niekorzystnym wpływem czynników zewnętrznych. Gatunki eukomis są powszechnie stosowane w tradycyjnej medycynie Afryki Południowej i znajdują szerokie zastosowanie jako ozdobne rośliny cebulowe. Celem badań było określenie wpływu otoczkowania w biopolimerach sadzonek dwułuskowych dwóch odmian eukomis czubatej (‘Sparkling Burgundy’ i ‘Twinkly Stars’) na plon i jakość uzyskanych cebul przybyszo- wych. Sadzonki otoczkowano w 1% roztworze gumy gellanowej (Phytagel) lub 0,5% roztworze oligochitozanu. Stwierdzono, że otoczkowanie sadzonek w gumie gellanowej miało stymulujący wpływ na liczbę i masę cebul przybyszowych. Najsilniejszy system korzeniowy wytworzyły cebule uformowane na sadzonkach otoczkowa- nych w oligochitozanie. Porównując odmiany wykazano, że ‘Sparkling Burgundy’ wytworzyła więcej cebul, które jednocześnie miały większą masę i dłuższe korzenie niż ‘Twinkly Stars’. Słowa kluczowe: eukomis czubata, oligochitozan, guma gellanowa, sadzonki dwułuskowe. THE USE OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS TO PROPAGATION OF ORNAMENTAL BULBOUS PLANTS ABSTRACT Synthesized growth regulators may cause a negative impact on the environment so the use of natural bio-stimula- tors in horticulture is becoming more popular. Some biopolymers can have a stimulating influence on the growth and development of plants. -
Glottal Stop Initials and Nasalization in Sino-Vietnamese and Southern Chinese
Glottal Stop Initials and Nasalization in Sino-Vietnamese and Southern Chinese Grainger Lanneau A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Washington 2020 Committee: Zev Handel William Boltz Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Asian Languages and Literature ©Copyright 2020 Grainger Lanneau University of Washington Abstract Glottal Stop Initials and Nasalization in Sino-Vietnamese and Southern Chinese Grainger Lanneau Chair of Supervisory Committee: Professor Zev Handel Asian Languages and Literature Middle Chinese glottal stop Ying [ʔ-] initials usually develop into zero initials with rare occasions of nasalization in modern day Sinitic1 languages and Sino-Vietnamese. Scholars such as Edwin Pullyblank (1984) and Jiang Jialu (2011) have briefly mentioned this development but have not yet thoroughly investigated it. There are approximately 26 Sino-Vietnamese words2 with Ying- initials that nasalize. Scholars such as John Phan (2013: 2016) and Hilario deSousa (2016) argue that Sino-Vietnamese in part comes from a spoken interaction between Việt-Mường and Chinese speakers in Annam speaking a variety of Chinese called Annamese Middle Chinese AMC, part of a larger dialect continuum called Southwestern Middle Chinese SMC. Phan and deSousa also claim that SMC developed into dialects spoken 1 I will use the terms “Sinitic” and “Chinese” interchangeably to refer to languages and speakers of the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. 2 For the sake of simplicity, I shall refer to free and bound morphemes alike as “words.” 1 in Southwestern China today (Phan, Desousa: 2016). Using data of dialects mentioned by Phan and deSousa in their hypothesis, this study investigates initial nasalization in Ying-initial words in Southwestern Chinese Languages and in the 26 Sino-Vietnamese words. -
The Forgotten Case of the Dependency Bugs on the Example of the Robot Operating System
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339106941 The Forgotten Case of the Dependency Bugs On the Example of the Robot Operating System Preprint · February 2020 CITATIONS READS 0 240 4 authors, including: Andrzej Wasowski IT University of Copenhagen 157 PUBLICATIONS 4,470 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: MROS: Model-based Metacontrol for ROS systems View project ROSIN - ROS-Industrial Quality-Assured Robot Software Components View project All content following this page was uploaded by Andrzej Wasowski on 07 February 2020. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. The Forgotten Case of the Dependency Bugs On the Example of the Robot Operating System Anders Fischer-Nielsen Zhoulai Fu SQUARE Group, IT University of Copenhagen SQUARE Group, IT University of Copenhagen Ting Su Andrzej Wąsowski ETH Zurich SQUARE Group, IT University of Copenhagen ABSTRACT CMakeLists.txt package build script A dependency bug is a software fault that manifests itself when ... accessing an unavailable asset. Dependency bugs are pervasive and catkin_package( ... we all hate them. This paper presents a case study of dependency DEPENDS boost ... bugs in the Robot Operating System (ROS), applying mixed meth- include_directories(SYSTEM install ods: a qualitative investigation of 78 dependency bug reports, a compile&link ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIR}) ... ur5_moveit_plugin with boost quantitative analysis of 1354 ROS bug reports against 19553 reports target_link_libraries(ur10_moveit_plugin ... install ur10_moveit_plugin in the top 30 GitHub projects, and a design of three dependency ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ... linters evaluated on 406 ROS packages. install(TARGETS The paper presents a definition and a taxonomy of dependency ur5_moveit_plugin bugs extracted from data. -
The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Wai Kit Wicky Tse University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Tse, Wai Kit Wicky, "Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Abstract As a frontier region of the Qin-Han (221BCE-220CE) empire, the northwest was a new territory to the Chinese realm. Until the Later Han (25-220CE) times, some portions of the northwestern region had only been part of imperial soil for one hundred years. Its coalescence into the Chinese empire was a product of long-term expansion and conquest, which arguably defined the egionr 's military nature. Furthermore, in the harsh natural environment of the region, only tough people could survive, and unsurprisingly, the region fostered vigorous warriors. Mixed culture and multi-ethnicity featured prominently in this highly militarized frontier society, which contrasted sharply with the imperial center that promoted unified cultural values and stood in the way of a greater degree of transregional integration. As this project shows, it was the northwesterners who went through a process of political peripheralization during the Later Han times played a harbinger role of the disintegration of the empire and eventually led to the breakdown of the early imperial system in Chinese history. -
The Ideology and Significance of the Legalists School and the School Of
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 351 4th International Conference on Modern Management, Education Technology and Social Science (MMETSS 2019) The Ideology and Significance of the Legalists School and the School of Diplomacy in the Warring States Period Chen Xirui The Affiliated High School to Hangzhou Normal University [email protected] Keywords: Warring States Period; Legalists; Strategists; Modern Economic and Political Activities Abstract: In the Warring States Period, the legalist theory was popular, and the style of reforming the country was permeated in the land of China. The Seven Warring States known as Qin, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Wei and Zhao have successively changed their laws and set the foundation for the country. The national strength hovers between the valley and school’s doctrines have accelerated the historical process of the Great Unification. The legalists laid a political foundation for the big country, constructed a power framework and formulated a complete policy. On the rule of law, the strategist further opened the gap between the powers of the country. In other words, the rule of law has created conditions for the cross-border family to seek the country and the activity of the latter has intensified the pursuit of the former. This has sparked the civilization to have a depth and breadth thinking of that period, where the need of ideology and research are crucial and necessary. This article will specifically address the background of the legalists, the background of these two generations, their historical facts and major achievements as well as the research into the practical theory that was studies during that period. -
China Versus Vietnam: an Analysis of the Competing Claims in the South China Sea Raul (Pete) Pedrozo
A CNA Occasional Paper China versus Vietnam: An Analysis of the Competing Claims in the South China Sea Raul (Pete) Pedrozo With a Foreword by CNA Senior Fellow Michael McDevitt August 2014 Unlimited distribution Distribution unlimited. for public release This document contains the best opinion of the authors at the time of issue. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the sponsor. Cover Photo: South China Sea Claims and Agreements. Source: U.S. Department of Defense’s Annual Report on China to Congress, 2012. Distribution Distribution unlimited. Specific authority contracting number: E13PC00009. Copyright © 2014 CNA This work was created in the performance of Contract Number 2013-9114. Any copyright in this work is subject to the Government's Unlimited Rights license as defined in FAR 52-227.14. The reproduction of this work for commercial purposes is strictly prohibited. Nongovernmental users may copy and distribute this document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this copyright notice is reproduced in all copies. Nongovernmental users may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies they make or distribute. Nongovernmental users may not accept compensation of any manner in exchange for copies. All other rights reserved. This project was made possible by a generous grant from the Smith Richardson Foundation Approved by: August 2014 Ken E. Gause, Director International Affairs Group Center for Strategic Studies Copyright © 2014 CNA FOREWORD This legal analysis was commissioned as part of a project entitled, “U.S. policy options in the South China Sea.” The objective in asking experienced U.S international lawyers, such as Captain Raul “Pete” Pedrozo, USN, Judge Advocate Corps (ret.),1 the author of this analysis, is to provide U.S. -
A Tricky Game: a Re-Evaluation of Liubo 六博 Based on Archaeological and Textual Evidence*
A TRICKY GAME: A RE-EVALUATION OF LIUBO 六博 BASED ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND TEXTUAL EVIDENCE* ARMIN SELBITSCHKA 1 Introduction In the past, scholarship has barely acknowledged the entertaining qualities of the ancient Chinese board game liubo 六博. Instead, the main focus has been on its occult properties for close to a century.1 This is due to the idiosyncratic TLV pattern that adorns the surfaces of liubo game boards.2 Since the early 20th century, authors have disagreed on whether __________________________ * Work on this article has been facilitated by a short-term research grant of the “LMU-UCB Research in the Humanities” program at the University of California at Berkeley. I am grateful to Mark Csikszentmihalyi for his generous support and hospitality during four wonderful weeks at UC Berkeley in the spring of 2012. I am also indebted to Michael Loewe, Keith Knapp, Roel Sterckx, and the anonymous Oriens Extremus reviewer for their valuable comments on earlier drafts of this article. I am also grateful to Martin Hanke for his careful final editing. Any remaining mistakes are, of course, my own responsibility. 1 Most recently, for instance, Chiang 2012; von Falkenhausen 2006, 316; Field 2008, 95–97; Juliano 2005; Li Ling 2000, 22; Mackenzie 2004; Major 1999, 127; Raphals 2013, 137, 344– 346; Tseng 2011, 55–59; M. C. Wang 2006, esp. 24–28; Zheng 2012, 73, 74. For a more cau- tious assessment, see Bower 2005. For a notable exception, see Wu 1987. 2 Rather than being an acronym as one might suspect at first glance, the letters TLV describe the shape of the individual elements of the pattern. -
“I Write Therefore I Am”: Scribes, Literacy, and Identity in Early China
“I write therefore I am”: Scribes, Literacy, and Identity in Early China Armin Selbitschka NYU Shanghai [email protected] Accepted for publication in Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 78.2 (2018). In a recently published article on literacy and identity, Elizabeth Birr Moje and Alan Luke distinguish five “metaphors for identity in history and contemporary research.” More importantly, though, the authors reviewed a tremendous amount of sociological and social-psychological literature in order to demonstrate how scholarship has increasingly related different conceptions of identity and the self to literacy. Accordingly, “texts and the literate practices that accompany them not only reflect but may also produce the self. Moreover, some have also argued that texts can be used as tools for enacting identities in social settings.”1 In view of the fact that a significant number of Chinese individuals living during the fifth through first centuries BCE were buried with manuscripts, such arguments seem pertinent for early Chinese society as well. What does it say about the self-concept of a person when his or her ability to write and / or read assumed a prominent role in funerary rites? This is the main question this article is going to pursue. Research on literacy in the field of Early China studies has gained some momentum with the release of a volume edited by Li Feng and David Prager Branner,2 yet the issue of identity has so far not been raised in this context. This article will therefore first discuss evidence of literacy and the skill of writing that are found in Chinese literary and archaeological sources of the late pre- imperial and early imperial period. -
A Abbasid Caliphate, 239 Relations Between Tang Dynasty China And
INDEX A anti-communist forces, 2 Abbasid Caliphate, 239 Antony, Robert, 200 relations between Tang Dynasty “Apollonian” culture, 355 China and, 240 archaeological research in Southeast Yang Liangyao’s embassy to, Asia, 43, 44, 70 242–43, 261 aromatic resins, 233 Zhenyuan era (785–805), 242, aromatic timbers, 230 256 Arrayed Tales aboriginal settlements, 175–76 (The Arrayed Tales of Collected Abramson, Marc, 81 Oddities from South of the Abu Luoba ( · ), 239 Passes Lĩnh Nam chích quái liệt aconite, 284 truyện), 161–62 Agai ( ), Princess, 269, 286 becoming traditions, 183–88 Age of Exploration, 360–61 categorizing stories, 163 agricultural migrations, 325 fox essence in, 173–74 Amarapura Guanyin Temple, 314n58 and history, 165–70 An Dương Vương (also importance of, 164–65 known as Thục Phán ), 50, othering savages, 170–79 165, 167 promotion of, 164–65 Angkor, 61, 62 savage tales, 179–83 Cham naval attack on, 153 stories in, 162–63 Angkor Wat, 151 versions of, 170 carvings in, 153 writing style, 164 Anglo-Burmese War, 294 Atwill, David, 327 Annan tuzhi [Treatise and Âu Lạc Maps of Annan], 205 kingdom, 49–51 anti-colonial movements, 2 polity, 50 371 15 ImperialChinaIndexIT.indd 371 3/7/15 11:53 am 372 Index B Biography of Hua Guan Suo (Hua Bạch Đằng River, 204 Guan Suo zhuan ), 317 Bà Lộ Savages (Bà Lộ man ), black clothing, 95 177–79 Blakeley, Barry B., 347 Ba Min tongzhi , 118, bLo sbyong glegs bam (The Book of 121–22 Mind Training), 283 baneful spirits, in medieval China, Blumea balsamifera, 216, 220 143 boat competitions, 144 Banteay Chhmar carvings, 151, 153 in southern Chinese local Baoqing siming zhi , traditions, 149 224–25, 231 boat racing, 155, 156. -
Interaction and Social Complexity in Lingnan During the First Millennium B.C
Interaction and Social Complexity in Lingnan during the First Millennium B.C. FRANCIS ALLARD SEPARATED FROM AREAS north of it by mountain ranges and drained by a single river system, the region of Lingnan in southeastern China is a distinct physio graphic province (Fig. 1). The home of historically recorded tribes, it was not until the late first millennium B.C. that Lingnan was incorporated into the ex panding Chinese polities of central and northern China. The Qin, Han, and probably the Chu before them not only knew of those they called barbarians in southeastern China but also pursued an expansionary policy that would help es tablish the boundaries of the modem Chinese state in later times. The first millennium B.C. in Lingnan witnessed the development of a bronze metallurgy and its subsequent widespread use by the seventh or sixth centuries B.C. Archaeological work over the last decades has led to the discovery of a num ber ofBronze Age burials scattered over much of northern Lingnan and dating to approximately 600 to 200 B.C., a period covering the middle-late Spring and Autumn period and all of the Warring States period (Fig. 2). These important discoveries have helped establish the region as the theater for the emergence of social complexity before the arrival of the Qin and Han dynasties in Lingnan. Nevertheless, and in keeping with traditional models of interpretation, Chinese archaeologists have tried to understand this material in the context of contact with those expanding states located to the north of Lingnan. The elaborate ma terial culture and complex political structures associated with these states has usually meant that change in those so-called peripheral areas (including Lingnan) could only be the result of cultural diffusion from the center. -
Early Chinese Diplomacy: Realpolitik Versus the So-Called Tributary System
realpolitik versus tributary system armin selbitschka Early Chinese Diplomacy: Realpolitik versus the So-called Tributary System SETTING THE STAGE: THE TRIBUTARY SYSTEM AND EARLY CHINESE DIPLOMACY hen dealing with early-imperial diplomacy in China, it is still next W to impossible to escape the concept of the so-called “tributary system,” a term coined in 1941 by John K. Fairbank and S. Y. Teng in their article “On the Ch’ing Tributary System.”1 One year later, John Fairbank elaborated on the subject in the much shorter paper “Tribu- tary Trade and China’s Relations with the West.”2 Although only the second work touches briefly upon China’s early dealings with foreign entities, both studies proved to be highly influential for Yü Ying-shih’s Trade and Expansion in Han China: A Study in the Structure of Sino-Barbarian Economic Relations published twenty-six years later.3 In particular the phrasing of the latter two titles suffices to demonstrate the three au- thors’ main points: foreigners were primarily motivated by economic I am grateful to Michael Loewe, Hans van Ess, Maria Khayutina, Kathrin Messing, John Kiesch nick, Howard L. Goodman, and two anonymous Asia Major reviewers for valuable suggestions to improve earlier drafts of this paper. Any remaining mistakes are, of course, my own responsibility. 1 J. K. Fairbank and S. Y. Teng, “On the Ch’ing Tributary System,” H JAS 6.2 (1941), pp. 135–246. 2 J. K. Fairbank in FEQ 1.2 (1942), pp. 129–49. 3 Yü Ying-shih, Trade and Expansion in Han China: A Study in the Structure of Sino-barbarian Economic Relations (Berkeley and Los Angeles: U.