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Download This PDF File BRANCHES ITS ALL IN HISTORY WALES NATURAL SOUTH PROCEEDINGS of the of NEW 139 VOLUME LINNEAN SOCIETY VOL. 139 DECEMBER 2017 PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF N.S.W. (Dakin, 1914) (Branchiopoda: Anostraca: (Dakin, 1914) (Branchiopoda: from south-eastern Australia from south-eastern Octopus Branchinella occidentalis , sp. nov.: A new species of A , sp. nov.: NTES FO V I E R X E X D L E C OF C Early Devonian conodonts from the southern Thomson Orogen and northern Lachlan Orogen in north-western Early Devonian conodonts from the southern New South Wales. Pickett. I.G. Percival and J.W. Zhen, R. Hegarty, Y.Y. Australia Wales, Silurian brachiopods from the Bredbo area north of Cooma, New South D.L. Strusz D.R. Mitchell and A. Reid. D.R. Mitchell and Thamnocephalidae). Timms. D.C. Rogers and B.V. Wales. Precis of Palaeozoic palaeontology in the southern tablelands region of New South Zhen. Y.Y. I.G. Percival and Octopus kapalae Predator morphology and behaviour in C THE C WALES A C NEW SOUTH D SOCIETY S LINNEAN O I M N R T G E CONTENTS Volume 139 Volume 31 December 2017 in 2017, compiled published Papers http://escholarship.library.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/LIN at Published eScholarship) at online published were papers individual (date PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF NSW OF PROCEEDINGS 139 VOLUME 69-83 85-106 9-56 57-67 Volume 139 Volume 2017 Compiled 31 December OF CONTENTS TABLE 1-8 THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES ISSN 1839-7263 B E Founded 1874 & N R E F E A Incorporated 1884 D C N T U O The society exists to promote the cultivation and O R F study of the science of natural history in all branches. The Society awards research grants each year in the fields of Life Sciences (the Joyce Vickery fund) and Earth Sciences (the Betty Mayne fund), offers W 1 I annually a Linnean Macleay Fellowship for research, L 9 L 8 and publishes the Proceedings. It holds field 1 I A - M excursions and scientific meetings including the 0 2 M 8 biennial Sir William Macleay Memorial Lecture AC 1 LE AY delivered by a person eminent in some branch of natural science. Membership enquiries should be addressed in the first instance to the Secretary. Candidates for election to the Society must be recommended by two members. The present annual membership fee is $45 per annum. Papers are published at http://escholarship.library.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/LIN and access is free of charge. All papers published in a calendar year comprise a volume. Annual volumes are available to any institution on CD free of charge. Please notify the Secretary to receive one. “Print on demand” hardcopies are available from eScholarship. Back issues from Volume 1 are available free of charge at www.biodiversitylibrary.org/title/6525. OFFICERS and COUNCIL 2017 President: M. Cotton Vice-presidents: R.J. King, M. Gray, D. Keith Treasurer: I.G. Percival Secretary: J-C. Herremans Council: J.P. Barkas, H. Bates, M. Cotton, E. Gorrod, M.R. Gray, J-C. Herremans, D. Keith, R.J. King, H.A. Martin, D.R. Murray, P.J. Myerscough, I.G. Percival, J. Pickett, H.M. Smith, B. Welch and K.L. Wilson Editor: M.L. Augee Assistant Editor: B. Welch Auditors: Phil Williams Carbonara The postal address of the Society is P.O. Box 82, Kingsford, N.S.W. 2032, Australia. The Linnean Society of New South Wales publishes in its proceedings original papers and review Telephone and Fax +61 2 9662 6196. article dealing with biological and earth sciences. Intending authors should contact the Secretary Email: [email protected] ( PO Box 82, Kingsford, N.S.W. 2032, Australia ) for instructions for the preparation of manuscripts Home page: www.linneansocietynsw.org.au/ and procedures for submission. Instructions to authors are also available on the society’s web page (http://linneansocietynsw.org.au/). Linnean Society of New South Wales Manuscripts not prepared in accordance with the society’s instructions will not be considered. Cover motif: Figure 3 from Précis of Palaeozoic Palaeontology in the Southern Tablelands Region of New South Wales (see page 9). PROCEEDINGS of the LINNEAN SOCIETY of NEW SOUTH WALES For information about the Linnean Society of New South Wales. its publications and activities, see the Society’s homepage www.linneansocietynsw.org.au VOLUME 139 December 2017 Predatory Morphology and Behaviour in Branchinella occidentalis (Dakin, 1914) (Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Thamnocephalidae) D. CHRISTOPHER ROGERS1 AND BRIAN V TIMMS2,3 1Kansas Biological Survey and the Natural History Museum (Biodiversity Institute), University of Kansas, Higuchi Hall, 2101 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047-3759 USA 2Honorary Research Associate, Australian Museum, 1 William St, Sydney, 2010, NSW 3Visiting Professorial Fellow, Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052 Published on 5 May 2017 at http://escholarship.library.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/LIN Rogers, D.C. and Timms, B.V. (2017). Predatory morphology and behaviour in Branchinella occidentalis (Dakin, 1914) (Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Thamnocephalidae) Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 139: 1-8. Branchinella occidentalis (Dakin 1914) is redescribed from material collected across the species natural distribution, with special attention to its functional morphology in relation to predatory feeding behaviour observed in the wild and in culture. We present B. occidentalis as a predatory anostracan with physical adaptations convergent with other large predatory anostracan taxa. Comparisons with its closest sister taxon, B. australiensis (Richters 1876), and with other predatory species are made and discussed. Revised and updated defi nitions and diagnoses for the Thamnocephalidae, Branchinella, and Branchinella sensu stricto are provided. Manuscript received 29 November 2016, accepted for publication 20 April 2017. Key Words: Australia, Branchinella australiensis, Branchinecta, fairy shrimp, predators. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Despite being a widespread and common Specimens were collected from the wild by dip component of the Australian anostracan fauna net in inundated pools, or substrate samples were (Rogers and Timms 2014), Branchinella occidentalis collected from dry pools and adults were cultured Dakin 1914 is not well characterised. Dakin (1914) in the laboratory. Captured and cultured adults were described it as a variety of Branchinella australiensis, preserved in 90% ethyl alcohol. After 24 hours the but Linder (1941) redescribed it as a separate species, preservative was replaced with 70% ethyl alcohol to a position maintained by Geddes (1981), Timms prevent softening or decomposition (Rogers 2002). (2002), and Rogers (2013). However, these authors Laboratory cultures were run as follows: substrate did not realise it was predatory, so that any adaptations containing eggs was collected from the deepest for this mode of life went unnoticed. We present direct portion of pools that supported B. occidentalis. This evidence that this species is predatory and describe substrate was placed in black plastic tubs (60cm length some of the functional morphology related to its x 45cm width x 15cm depth, 27L volume), with each predatory behaviour. Given that the North American pool sample in its own tub. The tubs were fi lled half Branchinecta gigas Lynch 1937 and B. raptor Rogers full with 20˚C deionized tap water. The culture was et al. 2006 (Branchinectidae) display many adaptations gently mixed and then given rapid aeration via an air enabling them to be successful predators (Fryer et al. stone. The aeration was reduced to a gentle bubbling 1966; White et al. 1969; Rogers et al. 2006), it is of (not creating any currents or foam) after two hours. interest to study Branchinella occidentalis in detail, it After 24 hours the culture tub was fi lled to capacity being a member of a different family and living on a with 20˚C deionized tap water and incubated at 20˚C. different continent. PREDATORY FEATURES IN BRANCHINELLA OCCIDENTALIS After 24 hours the cultures were treated with 5ml of examined in this study (see Material Examined powdered aquarium fi sh vegetable fl ake food and 0.5 section below). In addition, the following material ml of brewers’ yeast suspended in 10ml of water from was examined for comparison: the culture. The cultures were fed the same again when naupliar larvae were visible in the tubs and then fed Branchinella australiensis (Richters, 1876) the same way every three to fi ve days, but without the AUSTRALIA: NEW SOUTH WALES: yeast. Notostracans were removed from the cultures as Steve’s Pool, Muella Station; two males, two they were observed, as they are anostracan predators. females; June 1999; B. V. Timms, DCR-269. Adult B. occidentalis eventually reached maturity Sue’s Pan, Bloodwood Station, 29° 29’ 05.60”S, and consumed all other nonconspecifi c anostracans 144° 48’ 38.00”E; 5 males, 8 females; August in the culture. Other anostracans from other cultures 2015; BVT and DCR. were offered as food (Artemia franciscana Kellogg, 1906, Branchinecta lindahli Packard, 1883) and were Branchinecta gigas Lynch, 1937 readily taken. CANADA: ALBERTA: Digestive tracts were dissected from fi fteen Chain Lakes; one male, one female; 29 May 1965; specimens from fi ve locations and the gut contents G. White, Det. DCR, DCR-223. were examined. USA: CALIFORNIA: Specimens were observed and dissected under a Wild Modoc County: Middle Alkali Lake, at HWY 299 M-5 binocular dissection microscope. Drawings were causeway; four males, four females; March 1993; made by hand. S. Cepello, DCR, DCR-15. Material was collected and examined from various Siskiyou County: populations across Australia within the known range Pool east of intersection of Highway 97 and of the species (Fig. 1). The following abbreviations Highway 161, on north side of Indian Tom Lake; are used here: “DCR” refers to collection accession 21 males, 33 females; 27 March 1998; DCR, R.E.
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