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Architettura E Urbanistica Maya

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Architettura E Urbanistica Maya restauro archeologico Conoscenza, conservazione e valorizzazione del patrimonio architettonico d’interesse archeologico e di quello allo stato di rudere Rivista del Dipartimento di Architettura dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze The knowledge, conservation, and valorization of all endangered, neglected, or ruined architectural structures. Journal of the Department of Architecture University of Florence Architettura e urbanistica Maya special issue 2017 FIRENZE UNIVERSITY Poste Italiane spa - Tassa pagata - Piego di libro Aut. n. 072/DCB/FI1/VF del 31.03.2005 del 072/DCB/FI1/VF n. Aut. di libro - Piego pagata - Tassa spa Italiane Poste PRESS restauro archeologico Conoscenza, conservazione e valorizzazione del patrimonio architettonico d’interesse archeologico e di quello allo stato di rudere Rivista del Dipartimento di Architettura dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze The knowledge, conservation, and valorization of all endangered, neglected, or ruined architectural structures. Journal of the Department of Architecture University of Florence Editor in Chief Anno XXV numero speciale 2017 Roberto Sabelli Registrazione Tribunale di Firenze (Università degli Studi di Firenze) n. 5313 del 15.12.2003 roberto.sabelli@unifi.it ISSN 1724-9686 (print) Managing Editor ISSN 2465-2377 (online) Andrea Arrighetti (Università degli Studi di Siena) Director Guest Editor Saverio Mecca Alessandro Merlo (Università degli Studi di Firenze) (Università degli Studi di Firenze) INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD (Università degli Studi di Firenze) (Universitat Politècnica de València) Mariarosaria Barbera Daniela Esposito Lorenzo Nigro (Direttore Generale del Parco (Sapienza | Università di Roma) (Sapienza | Università di Roma) archeologico di Ostia Antica) Carlo Alberto Garzonio José Manuel López Osorio Philippe Bernardi (Università degli Studi di Firenze) (Universidad de Málaga) (Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Aix-en-Provence) Luca Giorgi Andrea Pessina (Università degli Studi di Firenze) (Soprintendente della SABAP per la città Giovanna Bianchi metropolitana di Firenze e le province (Università degli Studi di Siena) Alberto Grimoldi (Politecnico di Milano) di Pistoia e Prato) Susanna Caccia Gherardini Hamdan Taha (Università degli Studi di Firenze) Paolo Liverani (Università degli Studi di Firenze) (Former Director General of Antiquities, Emma Cantisani Palestinian Territory, Occupied) (Istituto per la Conservazione e la Pietro Matracchi (Università degli Studi di Firenze) Guido Vannini Valorizzazione dei Beni Culturali | CNR) (Università degli Studi di Firenze) Giuseppe Alberto Centauro Alessandro Merlo (Università degli Studi di Firenze) Fernando Vegas López-Manzanares (Università degli Studi di Firenze) (Universitat Politècnica de València) Michele Coppola Camilla Mileto (Universitat Politècnica de València) Cristina Vidal Lorenzo (Università degli Studi di Firenze) (Universidad de Valencia) Maurizio De Vita Gaspar Muñoz Cosme Stampato su carta di pura cellulosa Fedrigoni Cover photo La Iglesia, Chichén Itzá (Yucatán, México) 2015 Copyright: © The Author(s) 2017 This is an open access journal distribuited under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode). graphic design published by didacommunication lab Firenze University Press •••DIDA Dipartimento di Architettura Università degli Studi di Firenze Università degli Studi di Firenze Firenze University Press via della Mattonaia, 14 Borgo Albizi, 28, 50122 Firenze, Italy 50121 Firenze, Italy www.fupress.com Indice La ricerca nell’architettura Centroamericana 4 Alessandro Merlo La Acrópolis de La Blanca: un ejemplo singular de la arquitectura Maya 12 Gaspar Muñoz Cosme, Cristina Vidal Lorenzo Strumenti e metodi per la documentazione digitale degli scavi 26 archeologici: La Blanca (Petén - Guatemala) Alessandro Merlo, Andrea Aliperta, Riccardo Montuori El arco urbano en la arquitectura Maya 48 Laura Gilabert Sansalvador, Andrea Peiró Vitoria, Rosana Martínez Vanaclocha Arquitectura y urbanismo Maya a través de los grafitos 66 Núria Feliu Beltrán La doble piel de la arquitectura Maya: el estuco y el color 84 Maria Luisa Vázquez de Ágredos Pascual, Patricia Horcajada Campos Hacia la institucionalización de la conservación del patrimonio arquitectónico 98 en el área Maya. La contrata de Copán Nuria Matarredona Desantes Una proposta di lettura integrale della città maya antica: la morfologia 114 urbana di Chinikihá e Palenque (Chiapas, Messico) nel periodo classico Arianna Campiani Comalcalco la ciudad maya de ladrillos: descubriendo 128 su pasado y la conservación de su futuro Miriam Judith Gallegos Gómora, Ricardo Armijo Torres Conservación preventiva de elementos decorativos y recubrimientos 148 arquitectónicos en sitios arqueológicos en el sur de México Yareli Jáidar Benavides Tiempo, ritual y arquitectura Maya. Hacia una reflexión hermenéutica 164 sobre espacios ceremoniales pre-coloniales y postcoloniales Manuel May Castillo, Jmen Miguel Kan Chí The safeguarding of Mixed Sites: from recognition to enhancement 182 con appendice Carta de Puebla. Conservación de Sitios Mixtos Roberto Sabelli La ricerca nell’architettura Centroamericana Research in Central American architecture Presentazione Alessandro Merlo pagina a fronte A differenza di paesi europei quali la Francia, la Germania il Belgio e l’Olan- Tempio V, Tikal - Petén, da, che in America Centrale hanno al loro attivo numerosi progetti archeo- Guatemala (Laura Gilabert logici sui siti Maya sostenuti economicamente dalle agenzie per la coope- Sansalvador, 2015) razione allo sviluppo, dalle fondazioni e dalle università, l’Italia non ha una pagina seguente tradizione consolidata in questo specifico ambito della ricerca. Templo de las Inscripcio- Solo negli ultimi anni, equipe di studiosi o singoli ricercatori italiani han - nes, Palenque - Chiapas, México (Laura Gilabert no preso parte a progetti già in vigore promossi e coordinati da istituzio- Sansalvador, 2015) ni straniere, contribuendo, talvolta in modo sostanziale, al loro buon esi- to. Un esempio calzante di quanto sopra è dato dal “Proyecto La Blanca”, un programma nato nell’ambito della cooperazione internazionale e fina- 1 Il Proyecto La Blanca è un progetto interu- lizzato alla salvaguardia del patrimonio culturale dell’antico insediamento niversitario (Universitat de València, Uni- versitat Politècnica de València e Univer- Maya di La Blanca - successivamente anche di quello di Chilonché - facente sidad San Carlos de Guatemala) ed inter- parte di un’area archeologica del Sud-Est del Departamento de Petén (Gua- disciplinare finanziato da enti pubblici e privati (Ministero spagnolo di Educación, temala); dal 2012 un gruppo di lavoro del DIDA (Dipartimento di Architet- Cultura y Deporte, Agenzia spagnola di Co- tura dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze) collabora a questo progetto in- operación Internacional para el Desarrol- lo e Fondazione olandese Prince Claus); re- teruniversitario1 ed interdisciplinare documentando con le più recenti tec- sponsabili scientifici del progetto sono la nologie digitali i manufatti architettonici che emergono durante le cam- prof.ssa Cristina Vidal Lorenzo ed il prof. Gaspar Muñoz Cosme. pagne di scavo. 2 La giornata di studio, promossa dal DI- È nata così l’idea di un numero monografico della rivista RA (le monogra- DA (Dipartimento di Architettura dell’U- fie tratteranno di volta in volta tematiche ben individuabili per ambito di niversità degli Studi di Firenze) in colla- borazione con l’Instituto de Restauración interesse, arco temporale o autore/autori di riferimento): in questo pri- del Patrimonio dell’Universidad Politécn- mo volume sono raccolti i contributi più significativi e pertinenti al cam- ica de Valencia e il Departamento de Histo- ria del Arte dell’Universitat de Valencia si è po della conoscenza, conservazione e valorizzazione del patrimonio archi- svolta il 5 giugno del 2015 nella Sala Stroz- tettonico di interesse archeologico tra quelli presentati durante la giorna- zi del Museo di Storia Naturale di Firen- ze. Nella stessa occasione è stata presenta- ta di studio internazionale “La ricerca nell’Architettura Centroamericana” ta ed inaugurata nel chiostro del Rettora- che si è tenuta a Firenze nel giugno del 20152, in grado di rendere palese, sia to dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze la mostra “LA BLANCA. Una década de patri- per i relatori che vi hanno preso parte sia per la sede scelta per l’evento, l’in- monio para el desarrollo”, che illustra le at- teresse che mostra una parte della comunità scientifica italiana verso le te- tività realizzate all’interno del “Proyecto La Blanca” dal 2004 al 2013. matiche legate alla cultura materiale delle civiltà precolombiane dell’Ame- 4 rica Centrale. 5 RA Alessandro Merlo Alessandro 6 7 RA Alessandro Merlo Alessandro 8 La pubblicazione ha il merito, inoltre, di aver raggruppato in un unico cor- pus alcuni studi sull’architettura e sulla città Maya – condotti da architetti all’interno di gruppi più ampi – che, in genere, trovano limitato spazio nel- le riviste specializzate di archeologia. Unlike European countries such as France, Germany, Belgium and the pagina a fronte Netherlands, who have many archaeological projects in Mayan sites in Codz Pop. Kabah, Yucatán, Messico Central America, supported financially by agencies for cooperation and (Laura Gilabert development, including foundations and universities, Italy does not have Sansalvador, 2005) a consolidated tradition in this
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