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Time, Infinity, Recursion, and Liminality in the Writings of Jorge Luis Borges
Kevin Wilson Of Stones and Tigers; Time, Infinity, Recursion, and Liminality in the writings of Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986) and Pu Songling (1640-1715) (draft) The need to meet stones with tigers speaks to a subtlety, and to an experience, unique to literary and conceptual analysis. Perhaps the meeting appears as much natural, even familiar, as it does curious or unexpected, and the same might be said of meeting Pu Songling (1640-1715) with Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986), a dialogue that reveals itself as much in these authors’ shared artistic and ideational concerns as in historical incident, most notably Borges’ interest in and attested admiration for Pu’s work. To speak of stones and tigers in these authors’ works is to trace interwoven contrapuntal (i.e., fugal) themes central to their composition, in particular the mutually constitutive themes of time, infinity, dreaming, recursion, literature, and liminality. To engage with these themes, let alone analyze them, presupposes, incredibly, a certain arcane facility in navigating the conceptual folds of infinity, in conceiving a space that appears, impossibly, at once both inconceivable and also quintessentially conceptual. Given, then, the difficulties at hand, let the following notes, this solitary episode in tracing the endlessly perplexing contrapuntal forms that life and life-like substances embody, double as a practical exercise in developing and strengthening dynamic “methodologies of the infinite.” The combination, broadly conceived, of stones and tigers figures prominently in -
Ge Fei's Creative Use of Jorge Luis Borges's Narrative Labyrinth
Fudan J. Hum. Soc. Sci. DOI 10.1007/s40647-015-0083-x ORIGINAL PAPER Imitation and Transgression: Ge Fei’s Creative Use of Jorge Luis Borges’s Narrative Labyrinth Qingxin Lin1 Received: 13 November 2014 / Accepted: 11 May 2015 © Fudan University 2015 Abstract This paper attempts to trace the influence of Jorge Luis Borges on Ge Fei. It shows that Ge Fei’s stories share Borges’s narrative form though they do not have the same philosophical premises as Borges’s to support them. What underlies Borges’s narrative complexity is his notion of the inaccessibility of reality or di- vinity and his understanding of the human intellectual history as epistemological metaphors. While Borges’s creation of narrative gap coincides with his intention of demonstrating the impossibility of the pursuit of knowledge and order, Ge Fei borrows this narrative technique from Borges to facilitate the inclusion of multiple motives and subject matters in one single story, which denotes various possible directions in which history, as well as story, may go. Borges prefers the Jungian concept of archetypal human actions and deeds, whereas Ge Fei tends to use the Freudian psychoanalysis to explore the laws governing human behaviors. But there is a perceivable connection between Ge Fei’s rejection of linear history and tradi- tional storyline with Borges’ explication of epistemological uncertainty, hence the former’s tremendous debt to the latter. Both writers have found the conventional narrative mode, which emphasizes the telling of a coherent story having a begin- ning, a middle, and an end, inadequate to convey their respective ideational intents. -
The-Circular-Ruins-Borges-Jorge
THE CIRCULAR RUINS miseroprospero.com/the-circular-ruins 31 March 2017 FRIDAY FICTION [3] A short story from Ficciones by Jorge Luis Borges NO ONE saw him disembark in the unanimous night, no one saw the bamboo canoe sinking into the sacred mud, but within a few days no one was unaware that the silent man came from the South and that his home was one of the infinite villages upstream, on the violent mountainside, where the Zend tongue is not contaminated with Greek and where leprosy is infrequent. The truth is that the obscure man kissed the mud, came up the bank without pushing aside (probably without feeling) the brambles which dilacerated his flesh, and dragged himself, nauseous and bloodstained, to the circular enclosure crowned by a stone tiger or horse, which once was the colour of fire and now was that of ashes. The circle was a temple, long ago devoured by fire, which the malarial jungle had profaned and whose god no longer received the homage of men. The stranger stretched out beneath the pedestal. He was awakened by the sun high above. He evidenced without astonishment that his wounds had closed; he shut his pale eyes and slept, not out of bodily weakness but of determination of will. He knew that this temple was the place required by his invincible purpose; he knew that, downstream, the incessant trees had not managed to choke the ruins of another propitious temple, whose gods were also burned and dead; he knew that his immediate obligation was to sleep. Towards midnight he was awakened by the disconsolate cry of a bird. -
Borges' “The Library of Babel” and Moulthrop's Cybertext
Borges’ “The Library of Babel” and Moulthrop’s Cybertext “Reagan Library” Revisited Perla Sassón-Henry United States Naval Academy he works of Jorge Luis Borges are intimately related to technology and sci- Tence. In his short stories “The Garden of Forking Paths” and “The Library of Babel,” Borges anticipates hypertext and the Internet well before the advent of these technologies. Bifurcation and chaos theory have also been associated with both works. Thomas Weissert claims that “Borges discovered the essence of Bifurcation Theory thirty years before chaos scientists mathematically formalized it” (223). Weissert’s research provides the foundation for a new direction in the study of Borges’ works: the tripartite connection among “The Library of Babel,” the cybertext “Reagan Library” by Stuart Moulthrop, and chaos theory. Each element of this triad contributes to the understanding of each literary work from the perspective of digital technology, and a new perspective in the literary analysis of Borges’ works emerges. Borges’ innovative ideas about reading, writing, the role of the author, the role of the reader, and the text are reflected in the genre known as hyperfiction. This new type of literature, created on the computer to be read on the computer, allows the reader to traverse a series of lexias—electronic spaces—via links that generate an intricate narrative. In the last two decades, hyperfiction has evolved from a black- and-white electronic digital text into a rich environment where the text consists of images and sounds integral to the narrative. According to Susana Pajares Tosca, “hypertext fiction generally plays with disorientation as an aesthetic effect” and “each hyperfiction has its own reading rules embedded in its structure, and they apply often only to that text” (271). -
Magic Realism in Jorge Luis Borges's Fictions And
Iman A. Hanafy MAGIC REALISM IN JORGE LUIS BORGES’S FICTIONS AND NAGUIB MAHFOUZ’S ARABIAN NIGHTS AND Days Iman A. Hanafy “… magic realism is less a trend than a tradition, an evolving mode or genre that has had its waxings and wanings over the centuries and is now expressing one more period of ascendency”1. Magic realism is a narrative technique that acquires an important presence in contemporary world literature. Its widespread appeal is not only due to its innovative impulse but also to its connection with tradition. It has its long history beginning with the masterful interweaving of magical and real in the epic and chivalric tradition and continuing in the prose fiction of The Thousand And One Nights and Don Quixote. Contemporary magic realist writers consciously depart from the conventions of nineteenth and twentieth- century realism in favor of a new narrative technique in which the magic events are woven into reality in such a way that the boundaries between the two are either blurred or non-existent. The very term “magic realism”, is paradoxical for the term implies an opposition between magic and reality. However, it is this paradoxical juxtaposition of magical elements in a world of realism that gives the genre its own identity and its highest aesthetic impact. John Erickson explains: In narrative marked by magic realism… two diametrically opposed ontologies coexist on equal terms: the empirical world of reason and logic and the supernatural world of unreason. In such narratives the supernatural serves to rupture the ‘coherence’ of the systematized empirical world by revealing it to be, not a universally true or absolute representation of external reality, but only one of several possible representations2. -
Borges As a Writer of Parables: Reversal and Infinite Regression ROBIN LYDENBERG, Boston College
Borges as a Writer of Parables: Reversal and Infinite Regression ROBIN LYDENBERG, Boston College The short stories of Jorge Luis Borges are representative of a major trend in twentieth-century fiction which concentrates on aesthetic rather than moral issues. Borges himself has stressed the essentially amoral and literary perspective which distinguishes his work from that of more ethically oriented writers: "I want to make it quite clear that I am not, nor have I ever been, what used to be called a preacher of parables . and is now known as a committed writer."1 The committed writer, for Borges, is one whose ethical preoccupations not only dominate, but dictate a creative style which invariably "declines into allegory.'2 In contrast to such morally didactic literature, Borges presents his own stories as mere efforts to entertain or to move, but not to persuade. He expresses impatience not only with the aggressively didactic writer, but also with those readers who approach literature expecting symbols or lessons, and he often constructs his narratives deliberately to frustrate such allegorical interpretations. Borges would have his audience come to resemble himself, rich "in perplexities rather than in certainties."3 Fiercely antidogmatic, he perceives his stories as "tenuous and eternal crevices of unreason"4 in man's presumptuous architectural ordering of the universe. Borges fosters this uncertainty in his audience by accumulating in his tales imagery rich in oxymorons, ideas based on paradoxes, and narrative structures of reversal. By writing in the suggestiveness of allusion rather than in the more fixed structures of symbol or allegory, Borges avoids the dogmatic singularity of purpose of the committed writer. -
Jorge Luis Borges's
University of Groningen Dialogue in the Library Roig Lanzillotta, Fernando Published in: Gnosis: Journal of Gnostic Studies DOI: 10.1163/2451859X-12340058 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2018 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Roig Lanzillotta, F. (2018). Dialogue in the Library: Jorge Luis Borges’s “The Circular Ruins” and His Re- reading of Gnostic Myths . Gnosis: Journal of Gnostic Studies, 3(2), 201-224. https://doi.org/10.1163/2451859X-12340058 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. -
Mathematics in Literature
ISAMA BRIDGES The International Society of the Mathematical Connections Arts, Mathematics, and Architecture in Art, Music, and Science Mathematics in Literature A Continued Exploration of the Use of Mathematical Concepts In the Works of Jorge Luis Borges LornaB Hanes Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Western New England College 1215 Wilbraham Road Springfield, MA, 01351, USA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The fiction of the great Argentinean writer, Jorge Luis Borges, lies at one of the rare points of intersection between classical literature and mathematics. Several of Borges' short stories have a structure that is based on a mathematical concept, such as the infinite, recursion, duality or chance. Through these stories, Borges allows the same beauty that the mathematician experiences through her understanding these concepts, to be experienced by a larger nonmathematical audience. In my first paper on Borges' fiction, The Poetry of Infinity (Bridges, 2(01), I examined Borges' use of mathematical ideas as metaphors in his fiction. I looked at four of his most famous stories, The Ubrary of Babel, The Garden of Forking Paths, The Book of Sand and The Circular Ruins. This current paper is a continuation , of my exploration of Borges work, and in it I examine several more of his stories and the mathematics they contain. The mathematical concepts discussed will include duality, recursion, probability, as well as more basic ideas like the consistency of the laws of arithmetic, the use of variables and the need for mathematical abstraction. Jorge Luis Borges Jorge Luis Borges is one of the most important and influential of all Latin American writers. -
Collected Fictions of Jorge Luis Borges
FICCIONES Jorge Luis Borges Translated by Andrew Hurley ALLEN LANE THE PENGUIN PRESS Published by the Penguin Group Contents A UNIVERSAL HISTORY OF INIQUITY (1935) Preface to the First Edition Preface to the 1954 Edition The Cruel Redeemer Lazarus Morell The Improbable Impostor Tom Castro The Widow Ching—Pirate Monk Eastman, Purveyor of Iniquities The Disinterested Killer Bill Harrigan The Uncivil Teacher of Court Etiquette --- Kôtsukéno Suké Hakim, the Masked Dyer of Merv Man on Pink Corner Etcetera Index of Sources FICTIONS (1944) THE GARDEN OF FORKING PATHS (1941) Foreword Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote The Circular Ruins The Lottery in Babylon A Survey of the Works of Herbert Quain The Library of Babel The Garden of Forking Paths ARTIFICES (1944) Foreword Funes, His Memory The Shape of the Sword The Theme of the Traitor and the Hero Death and the Compass The Secret Miracle Three Versions of Judas The End The Cult of the Phoenix The South THE ALEPH (1949) The Immortal The Dead Man The Theologians Story of the Warrior and the Captive Maiden A Biography of Tadeo Isidoro Cruz (1829-1874) Emma Zunz The House of Asterion The Other Death Deutsches Requiem Averroës' Search Ibn-Hakam al-Bokhari, Murdered in His Labyrinth The Two Kings and the Two Labyrinths The Wait The Man on the Threshold The Aleph Afterword THE MAKER (1960) Foreword: For Leopoldo Lugones The Maker Dreamtigers A Dialog About a Dialog Toenails Covered Mirrors Argumentum Ornithologicum The Captive The Mountebank Delia Elena San Marco A Dialog Between Dead Men The Plot A Problem The Yellow Rose The Witness Martín Fierro Mutations Parable of Cervantes and the Quixote Paradiso, XXXI, 108 Parable of the Palace Everything and Nothing Ragnarök Inferno, 1, 3 Borges and I MUSEUM On Exactitude in Science In Memoriam, J.F.K. -
Jorge Luis Borges a Minor Collection of Works Contents
Jorge Luis Borges A Minor Collection of Works Contents : The Library of Babel Death and the Compass Theme of the Traitor and Hero Three Versions of Judas The Babylon Lottery Funes, the Memorious The Secret Miracle The Approach to Al-Mu'tasim The Garden of Forking Paths The Sect of the Phoenix An Examination of the Work of Herbert Quain Pierre Menard, Author of Don Quixote The Circular Ruins The South The Form of the Sword Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius The End Borges/ Various -2- Jorge Luis Borges The Library of Babel By this art you may contemplate the variation of the 23 letters . - The Anatomy of Melancholy, Part 2, Sect. II, Mem. IV. The universe (which others call the Library) is composed of an indefinite, perhaps an infinite, number of hexagonal galleries, with enormous ventilation shafts in the middle, encircled by very low railings. From any hexagon the upper or lower stories are visible, interminably. The distribution of the galleries is invariable. Twenty shelves - five long shelves per side - cover all sides except two; their height, which is that of each floor, scarcely exceeds that of an average librarian. One of the free sides gives upon a narrow entrance way, which leads to another gallery, identical to the first and to all the others. To the left and to the right of the entrance way are two miniature rooms. One allows standing room for sleeping; the other, the satisfaction of fecal necessities. Through this section passes the spiral staircase, which plunges down into the abyss and rises up to the heights. -
Paradoxa Ortodoxa
CHAPTER THREE Paradoxa Ortodoxa Coincidences are inevitable since we are reading Derrida and Plato on the basis of Borges. -Emir Rodriguez Monegal, "Borges and Derrida: Boticarios" It is said that the pelican so loves her young that she puts them to death with her claws. -Honorius de Autun, Speculum de mysteris ecclesiae Let us adore without understanding, said the priest. So be it, said Bouvard. -Gustave Flaubert, Bouvard et Pecuchet n "Vindication of Bouvard and Pecuchet"1 Borges considered I Flaubert's work to be a "deceptively simple story"; we could apply a similar consideration to his story "The Gospel According to Mark. "2 But the coincidences between Flaubert's work-an aberration, according to some, "the greatest work of French literature and perhaps of all litera ture, "3 according to others-and Borges's story are recognizable as some thing more than an appearance of shared simplicity. According to Borges, Flaubert makes his characters read a library "so that they don't under stand it,"4 they (cornu)copyS it; also in "The Gospel according to Mark," Borges imagines the problems of a reading that is too loyal and, for this reason, here too the risks of incomprehension should not be discarded. The story begins by describing the primary narrative circumstances of every introduction ("The deed occurred in the hacienda Los Alamos, in the district of Junin, toward the south, in the last days of the month of March of 1928"6), but this observation of conventional "beginnings" constitutes a realist option in two ways: a beginning that adjusts itself to 15 - Paradoxa Ortodoxa 16 Borges 17 the most conservative realism, which according to RomanJakobson is the More than the common place of the Borgesian imaginary, these interlaced one on which he models his observations concerning the old canons;7 and slippages reveal duality as a necessary condition of any literary text that, a minute and chronologically punctual geographic orientation. -
Jorge Luis Borges: a Study of Criticism
JORGE LUIS BORGES: A STUDY OF CRITICISM IN THE UNITED STATES by JEAN ANN BOWMAN, B.A. A THESIS IN ENGLISH Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Approved May, 1987 7ff ^ A '^^ CONTENTS CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. SYMBOLISM IN BORGES' WRITING 3 Lesser Symbols 3 The Labyrinth as a Symbol 7 III. RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL ELEMENTS IN 14 BORGES' WRITING Borges' Concept of Time 19 Reality vs. Unreality in Borges' Works 21 IV. LANGUAGE: THE PRODUCT OF BORGES' CREATIVITY 24 Borges' Literary Style 28 V. THEMES IN BORGES' WRITING 35 VI. COMPARISONS OF OTHER WRITERS WITH 44 JORGE LUIS BORGES Borges and Other Latin American Writers 44 United States Comparisons 48 European Comparisons 55 VII. BORGES: THE WRITER AND THE MAN 68 VIII. CONCLUSION 77 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 84 11 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION In the United States, during the past three decades, interest has been rising in Latin American literature. One explanation for this new interest is that Latin American writers Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Pablo Neruda have won the Nobel Prize for literature and brought more recognition to Latin American literary works. However, another probable reason for this interest is that many Latin American works have been translated into English and, consequently, are more accessible to North Americans. Because many short stories by Latin American authors have been anthologized in the United States and are studied by students in the United States, Latin American literature is becoming more than a casual area of study.