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IAFF258 Space Launch Tutorial THE VALUE OF CUBESATS TO NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS Some thoughts for policy makers “1 unit” cubesat and a Mark III P-POD Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 Kirk Woellert, Lewis Groswald1, and Stephanie Wan2 Kirk Woellert1, Pascale Ehrenfreund1, Antonio J. Ricco2, and Henry Hertzfeld1 2Space Studies Board of The National Academies, 1Space Policy Institute, Washington, DC, USA Washington DC, USA 2NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA 3ASRC Research and Technology Solutions (ARTS), USA Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 The Big Picture & national issues Quality of Life Security Energy Economy Healthcare Where does the CubeSat fit in? Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 The Knowledge-Based Economy production, distribution and use of knowledge “Know-how” “Know-what” “Know-why” “Know-who” Science Education Innovation Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 The Big Picture and CubeSats Quality of Life “Knowledge-Based” Economy Science Education Innovation Basic Applied STEM New Research Research Education Business Aerospace Space Technology & Applications Satellites Small Satellites CubeSats Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 SCIENCE Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 Science/Technology Missions(1 of 2) Sampling of completed and proposed nanosatellite science and technology missions Category Mission Sponsor/Lead Agency Status O/OREOS: UV-visible spectral monitoring: organic In progress, Astrobiology materials; space radiation effects on survival/growth of 2 NASA ARC L = 10/2010 microbes CSA/U. Vienna/Austrian BRITE/CanX-3/TUGSAT-1: Constellation of In progress, Astronomy Research Promotion nanosatellites for asteroseismology L = 2011 Agency (FFG) SwissCube: telescopic investigation of atmospheric Ecole Polytechnique L =9/2009 airglow phenomena Federale de Lausanne nominal operation AtmoCube: Interaction between space radiation and Univ. Trieste and Atmospheric L = 9/2011 upper atmosphere commercial sponsors In progress Science FIREFLY: Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes induced by NSF In progress lightning L=2011 L = 11/2010 RAX: Plasma interactions of the thermosphere NSF partial mission GeneSat-1: E. coli gene expression via fluorescent L = 12/2006, Biology NASA/ARC full mission reporters in microgravity success QuakeSat: Measure extra-low frequency magnetic waves Stanford University L = 6/2003, Quakefinder Inc. nominal Earth from earthquakes in space operation Observation PRISM: Validation of medium-resolution earth L = 1/2009, University of Tokyo nominal observation operation Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 Science/Technology Missions (2 of 2) Sampling of completed and proposed nanosatellite science and technology missions Category Mission Sponsor/Lead Agency Status NCube2: Large ship AIS; reindeer tracking (NCube1 Norwegian U. of Science L = 10/2005, Ecology no comm. destroyed at launch) and Technology established Pharmaceutical PharmaSat: Antifungal agent dose response of yeast in NASA/ARC, U. Texas L = 5/2009; full mission Efficacy microgravity Medical Branch success CANX-2: Tech. eval.: propulsion system, radios, attitude L = 4/2008, technology sensors/actuators, GPS receiver, IR spectrometer for UTIAS/SFL, CSA demo. pollution success Universidad Sergio L = 4/2007, Technology Libertad-1: Columbia’s 1st satellite; test of basic systems successful; Arboleda deactivated Demonstration L = 4/2007; MAST: Electromagnetic tether technology demonstration Tethers Unlimited partial comm. only NANOSAIL-D: 3U cubesat to demonstrate solar sail NASA/Marshall L = 11/2010 propulsion Spaceflight Center In progress UC Berkeley Space Space CINEMA: detection of sub-atomic particles from space Sciences Lab/Imperial L= 4Q2011 Weather magnetic storms In progress College/NSF Telecommuni- OUFTI-1: first satellite to test D-STAR communication University de Liege, BG L=9/2011 cations protocol in space In progress Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 Science Missions “Big Science” on the cheap CAUTION: Hubble Space Telescope capability in a CubeSat?….not likely In-situ observations not practical with larger satellites Replicative experiments Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 STEM EDUCATION Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 Experiential Learning; Learning from Your Mistakes A more intense mental imprint process Develops problem solving mindset "For the things we have to learn before we can do them, we learn by doing them.” Aristotle Philosher and Thinker "Success can only be achieved through repeated failure and introspection" Soichiro Honda Founder, Honda Motors Source: http://images.businessweek.com/ss/08/06/0603_efficacy/source/5.htm; Bynum, W.F. and Porter, R. (eds) (2005) Oxford Dictionary of Scientific Quotations. Oxford University Press. 21:9. Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 Hands-On STEM Experiences FIREFLY, U.S. Cubesat Student assembled/tested Gamma ray detector Student assembled/tested VLF receiver Mission operations include local high school students STUDSAT, Indian CubeSat Student inspired IAC 2007 Launched 2011 on ISRO PSLV Source: www.thehindu.com Photo: K. Gopinathan Undergraduates from seven institutions developed all subsystems Technical Assistance from ISRO Photo credit-teamstudsat.com Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 Brazilian Elementary School TubeSat Project Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves EM Ubatuba, Brazil •-108 elementary school students •-5 teams Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 INNOVATION Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 CubeSats & Nanosatellites Commercial Evolution Cubesat standards established 1999 2005 2011 Sinclair Interplanetary STRAS SPACE Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 CubeSat Technology & Missions Technologies Applications (an example) Architectures “6U CubeSat design for Nano propulsion Earth observation with Deorbit Technologies 6.5m GSD, five spectral Communications bands and 14Mbps Structures downlink.” Manufacturing, Fabrication, TSITAS S. R. (1) ; KINGSTON J. (1) ; Integration Aeronautical Journal ISSN 0001-9240 Power Fempto Orbital Deployer (FOD) Sensors Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 CubeSats & Collaborative Networks CINEMA, NSF CubeSat Kentucky Space Morehead State University University of Rome TUGSAT-1 Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 Small Teams Mindset "...The number one thing I learned through the CubeSat program is how to work on a team creating many different subcomponents and integrating those subcomponents together. Most all industry projects are larger than one person can accomplish so teams are essential. CubeSat has also taught me the importance of networking and never being afraid to call on or expand your network when you need anything. Weather that be help on a project, looking for co-team members or just looking for someone to hang out with. Contrary to what some may tell you in school, you don't have to have all the answers in your head, you just need to know where to find them. That may be a book, but more commonly it's your team mates or your larger network.“ Student Testimonial CubeSat Worldwide Facebook Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 OECD INDEX Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) OECD Scorecard Investing in the Knowledge Economy Responding to the Economic Crisis Targeting New Growth Areas Competing in the World Economy Connecting to Global Research Investing in the Knowledge Economy Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 OECD Scorecard Investing in the Knowledge Economy OECD Metric: New University Graduates Delft University of Technology nanosatellite program Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 OECD Scorecard Connecting to Global Research OECD Metric: International Cooperation in Research CINEMA Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 OECD Scorecard Competing in the World Economy OECD Metric: Entrepreneurship E.g. GOMspace, ISIS Space, Pumpkin Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 OECD Scorecard Targeting New Growth Areas OECD Metric: Environmental Sciences CanX-2 3U cubesat with IR spectrometer payload Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 OECD Scorecard Responding to the Economic Crisis OECD Metric: Patent Intensity Over the Business Cycle Tethers Unlimited Dobson Space Telescope (DST) PRISM, the first remote sensing nanosatellite to achieve 30 meter Micro-propulsion and Nanotechnology Laboratory of The George Washington University Kirk Woellert, Interorbital Systems UN – ISU SSP 2011 TP Small Satellites TP2 OCED Mapping Conclusions Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Socioenconomic indices In less than 10 years cubesat have achieved correlation to half of the OECD
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