DOCSLIB.ORG

Janet M. Lawler the University of Iowa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Janet M. Lawler the University of Iowa Pro-Regime Youth: Janet M. Lawler An Authoritarian Regime’s Solution to The University of Iowa [email protected] Democratic Youth Movements 4 Hypothetical Implications 6 Factors dependent on pro-regime youth success 1 Youth associations as an authoritarian defense •Displaying: Deterred Pro- •Preemptive Timing Powerful Pro-Regime Youth Pro-Regime Opportunities Significance democracy • Pro-regime youth associations espouse the ideology of, receive a majority •Unique Timing of their funding from, or were established by the regime. Association Opportunities Associations for Members and Visibility Youth • Nashi, Russia •Significance Movement • KelKel, Kyrgyzstan High • Zhas Otan, Kazakhstan Nashi High Preemptive Yes Unique • Unión de Jóvenes Comunistas, Cuba Question 1: Do pro-regime youth associations deter pro-democracy •Existence Pro-Democracy Youth Low movements? •Significant or Not Low Movement KelKel Significance Concurrent No Questions 2: If so, how? Unexceptional • Color Revolution Context Low Visibility • Previous lack of attention to pro-regime youth associations • Method of authoritarian hybridization of civil society Moderate Zhas Otan High Subsequent Yes Unique 2 Pro-regime youth relationship to pro-democracy Weak Pro-Democracy Youth Movement Unión de High Pro-regime youth associations deterrence Jóvenes High Preemptive Yes • Unique As a strong factor (Beachain, 2010; Hovrath, 2011; Kuzio, 2006a; Polese, Comunistas 2011; Robertson, 2009) •Less Visible • As a weak factor (Freedome House, 2009; Khamidov, 2006; Wallace, •Less Significant 2001) How pro-regime youth associations deter Significance and visibility before and after • Violent oppression among youth 7 Conclusions • Highly organized with internal advancement structure Before Pro-Regime After Pro-Regime Though this study affirms no causal link ensuring a pro-regime youth • Preemptive establishment Pro-DemocracyYouth Youth Association Youth Association movement’s success over a democratic youth movement, it does • Individual opportunities and co-optation Movements Creation Creation illuminate the processes which they use and their degree of success. 3 Successfully deterring pro-democracy youth Young Yabloko, Falling Significance Pro-regime youth associations can deter pro-democracy youth Rising Visibility Walking Without Putin, Low Visibility movements if they have: Rising Significance Oborona Youth Opinion Shift • Unique opportunities Timing • Appealing to youth High Visibility •Preemptive establishment KelKel, Rising Visibility • Jobs, education, government promotion High Significance •Democratic movement Birge Moderate Significance • Opportunities unable to be attained without membership significance before and Tulip Revolution • Significant presence after • Large numbers Society of Young • Removing possible members from democratic movement Professionals (OMPK), Low Visibility Associations Disbanded • Engendering popular regime support amongst non-youth Kahar, Low Significance Opposition Participation • High visibility Significance Social Resistance Extra-legal Banned Opportunities • Multiple publicized protests •Numbers Movement • Devoted media attention and promotion •Funding •Unique to Timing not as necessary for successful deterrence •Visibility association Dissatisfaction with • Zhas Otan •Demonstrations, •Appealing to youth Youth attitudes toward Majority Supporting Regime The establishment of a pro-regime youth movement can work as a rallies, etc. democracy New Regime Youth Activists viable and successful authoritarian weapon in the face of an oncoming Repressed democratic youth movement..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Interview with Yulia Malysheva
    A Revolution of the Mind INTERVIEW WITH YULIA MALYSHEVA ulia Sergeevna Malysheva is one of the leading youth activists in Russia. An elected Y municipal deputy in Moscow, a researcher at the Institute for the Economy in Transi- tion, and leader of the youth organization Oborona (which she cofounded) and of the youth branch of the SPS party, Malysheva also later became the leader of the youth branch of the People’s Democratic Union, the political movement led by former Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov. In this interview, she speaks about the possibility of a color revolution in Russia, cooperation with other domestic and international youth groups, the Kremlin’s worried reaction, the nature of the Nashi pro-Kremlin youth group, the attempts to unite the Russian democrats, the successes of Oborona, the chances the democrats have of returning to power, and what she expects from the West. Demokratizatsiya: Tell us about Oborona. Malysheva: Oborona is a youth organization that appeared with the Orange wave in Ukraine. It was important for us that many others were waiting for us, since youth have always been in the avant-garde. At that time, our adult colleagues kept arguing as to who was more important. In the end, they got 3 percent [in the Duma elections]. It was evi- dent that they were not well presented before the Russian voters. We founded Oborona not only with young people who sympathize with SPS, Yabloko, the [former SPS leader and independent candidate Irina] Khakamada movement and other such formations—but also with those who support the democratic process and oppose the Putin regime.
    [Show full text]
  • Cross-Domain Coercion: the Current Russian Art of Strategy ______
    PPrroolliiffeerraattiioonn PPaappeerrss 5544 ______________________________________________________________________ Cross-Domain Coercion: The Current Russian Art of Strategy ______________________________________________________________________ Dmitry (Dima) Adamsky November 2015 Security Studies Center The Institut Français des Relations Internationales (Ifri) is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non-governmental, non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. Using an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debate and research activities. With offices in Paris and Brussels, Ifri stands out as one of the rare French think tanks to have positioned itself at the very heart of European debate. The opinions expressed in this text are the responsibility of the author alone. In collaboration with the Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission ISBN: 978-2-36567-466-9 © Ifri – 2015 – All rights reserved Ifri Ifri-Bruxelles 27 rue de la Procession Rue Marie-Thérèse, 21 75740 Paris Cedex 15 – FRANCE 1000 – Brussels – BELGIUM Tel : 33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 Tel : 32 (0)2 238 51 10 Fax : 33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 Fax : 32 (0)2 238 51 15 Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Website : http://www.ifri.org/ Proliferation Papers Though it has long been a concern for security experts, proliferation has truly become an important political issue with the last decade, marked simultaneously by the nuclearization of South Asia, the weakening of international regimes and the discovery of frauds and traffics, the number and gravity of which have surprised observers and analysts alike (Iraq in 1991, Libya until 2004, North Korean and Iranian programs or the A.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Groups, Individuals, Strategies and Prospects the Russia Studies Centre at the Henry Jackson Society
    The Russian Opposition: A Survey of Groups, Individuals, Strategies and Prospects The Russia Studies Centre at the Henry Jackson Society By Julia Pettengill Foreword by Chris Bryant MP 1 First published in 2012 by The Henry Jackson Society The Henry Jackson Society 8th Floor – Parker Tower, 43-49 Parker Street, London, WC2B 5PS Tel: 020 7340 4520 www.henryjacksonsociety.org © The Henry Jackson Society, 2012 All rights reserved The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and are not necessarily indicative of those of The Henry Jackson Society or its directors Designed by Genium, www.geniumcreative.com ISBN 978-1-909035-01-0 2 About The Henry Jackson Society The Henry Jackson Society: A cross-partisan, British think-tank. Our founders and supporters are united by a common interest in fostering a strong British, European and American commitment towards freedom, liberty, constitutional democracy, human rights, governmental and institutional reform and a robust foreign, security and defence policy and transatlantic alliance. The Henry Jackson Society is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales under company number 07465741 and a charity registered in England and Wales under registered charity number 1140489. For more information about Henry Jackson Society activities, our research programme and public events please see www.henryjacksonsociety.org. 3 CONTENTS Foreword by Chris Bryant MP 5 About the Author 6 About the Russia Studies Centre 6 Acknowledgements 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 INTRODUCTION 11 CHAPTER
    [Show full text]
  • Putin's Youth
    Putin’s Youth: Nashi and the Pro-Regime Youth Movement in Russia, 2000-2012 Angela Lee Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Prerequisite for Honors in History May 2013 © 2013 Angela Lee Table of Contents page I. Acknowledgments……………………………………………………………………………iii II. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………1 III. Background: The Komsomol, 1918-1991 ……………………….………………...…………4 IV. Chapter 1: Idushchie Vmeste, 2000-2005……………………………………...……………17 V. Chapter 2: Nashi Emerges, 2005-2008………………………………….…………………..31 VI. Chapter 3: Nashi Recedes, 2008-2012…………………………….………………………...55 VII. Conclusion.…………………………………………………………………………………..66 VIII. Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………69 ii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Nina Tumarkin for her patience, sound guidance, and endlessly good humor. I would also like to thank all my History professors at Wellesley for their dedication to teaching and their passion for the subject, and also to the Russian Language Department for making the process of learning Russian a joy during this past year. I am grateful to those who were part of the History Honors Thesis Seminar for the rich discussions and thought-provoking questions. I am thankful to Professors Mark Kramer, Ivan Kurilla, Valerie Sperling, and Elizabeth Wood for their willingness to direct me to the right sources for my research. And finally, I am indebted to the love and support of my parents and siblings for all these years. iii Introduction “The question for Russia now is what to do next. How can we make the new, market
    [Show full text]
  • Extending Russia Competing from Advantageous Ground
    Extending Russia Competing from Advantageous Ground James Dobbins, Raphael S. Cohen, Nathan Chandler, Bryan Frederick, Edward Geist, Paul DeLuca, Forrest E. Morgan, Howard J. Shatz, Brent Williams C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR3063 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0021-5 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2019 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: Pete Soriano/Adobe Stock Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This report documents research and analysis conducted as part of the RAND Corporation research project Extending Russia: Competing from Advantageous Ground, sponsored by the Army Quadrennial Defense Review Office, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff G-8, Headquarters, Department of the Army.
    [Show full text]
  • In Search of Heroes: Cultural Politics and Political Mobilization of Youths in Contemporary Russia and Ukraine
    In Search of Heroes: Cultural Politics and Political Mobilization of Youths in Contemporary Russia and Ukraine VIKTORIYA TOPALOVA Abstract: This article focuses on the implications of current political and socio- cultural processes for youth politics in post-Soviet Russia and Ukraine. The author briefly examines the dynamics in the developments underway within Ukrainian and Russian youth movements by looking at specific policies and tools of cultural propaganda aimed at Russian and Ukrainian youth today to engage them in active mass political participation at the national level. This article is an attempt to understand how the cultural politics of the states and the cultural activ- ity of particular youth groups are incorporated and sustained in a powerful dis- cursive framework of national and international politics. Key questions include: What young people enter politics in modern-day Russia and Ukraine? What polit- ical ideas do they hold? Is their entry in political life motivated by a special cul- tural vision? And, most important, to what degree are those ideas an extension of their cultural preferences and views? The author demonstrates a correlation between political and cultural motivations among Russian and Ukrainian adoles- cents. This is accomplished through distinctive models of youth participation in national politics to show how national cultural discourses construct political agency among young people because each discourse inevitably empowers par- ticular youth groups. The author argues that although having similar agendas, Ukrainian and Russian youth movements are formed by different means of polit- ical propaganda that stem from different approaches to the formulation and artic- ulation of the national cultural politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Dominant Narratives in Russian Political and Media Discourse During the Ukraine Crisis
    The University of Manchester Research Dominant Narratives in Russian Political and Media Discourse during the Ukraine Crisis Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Hutchings, S., & Szostek, J. (2015). Dominant Narratives in Russian Political and Media Discourse during the Ukraine Crisis. In A. Pikulicka-Wilcewska, & R. Sakwa (Eds.), Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives E-International Relations Publishing. http://www.e-ir.info/2015/04/28/dominant-narratives-in- russian-political-and-media-discourse-during-the-crisis/ Published in: Ukraine and Russia Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:04. Oct. 2021 EDITED COLLECTION E-IR.INFO Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives i Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives EDITED BY AGNIESZKA PIKULICKA-WILCZEWSKA & RICHARD SAKwa Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives ii E-International Relations www.E-IR.info Bristol, UK 2015 The material herein is published under a Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.
    [Show full text]
  • Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives
    EDITED COLLECTION E-IR.INFO Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives i Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives EDITED BY AGNIESZKA PIKULICKA-WILCZEWSKA & RICHARD SAKwa Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives ii E-International Relations www.E-IR.info Bristol, UK 2015 The material herein is published under a Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. You are free to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this work under the following conditions: You must attribute the work to both 1) the author, who retains copyright and 2) to the publisher, E-International Relations - but not in any way that suggests that either party endorses you or your use of the work. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you must make this clear when doing so and you must distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link to this web page: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission. Please contact [email protected] for any such enquiries. Series Editors: Stephen McGlinchey, Marianna Karakoulaki, and Robert Oprisko Copy Editing: Michael Pang Production: Ran Xiao Cover Image: Paganelj E-International Relations is the world’s leading open access website for students and scholars of international politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Performing Political Opposition in Russia
    2014:8 SOCIOLOGY PUBLICATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL RESEARCH 2014:8 PERFORMING POLITICAL OPPOSITION IN RUSSIA RUSSIA IN OPPOSITION POLITICAL PERFORMING Russian civil society is often described as weak and Russians as politically apathetic. However, as a surprise for many, tens of thousands of people gathered on the streets of Moscow to protest the fraud in the parliamentary elections in December 2011. Nevertheless, this ‘awakening’ did not last for long as Vladimir Putin took hold of the Presidency again in 2012. Since then, the Russian State Duma has passed new legislation to restrict civic and political activism. This, together with the fragmentation of the opposition movement, has hindered large-scale and sustained mobiliza- tion against the government. In 2013, the number of protests has plummeted when the risks of demonstrating are high and the benefits to participate in political activism appear non-existent. Why is it impossible for the Russian opposition to find a common voice and to sustain contentious action? This book analyzes how political opportunities and restrictions in contem- porary Russia have affected the opposition activists’ activities at the grassroots level. The book examines Russian civil society, contemporary activist strategies, and democratization from the − THE CASE OF THE YOUTH MOVEMENT OBORONA OBORONA MOVEMENT YOUTH THE OF CASE THE perspective of the young activists participating in the liberal youth movement Oborona (Defense) in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Before its dissolution in 2011, Oborona was an active participant in the Russian opposition movement, and thus it is an interesting case study of the living activist traditions in Russia. The research illustrates how the Soviet continuities and liberal ideas are entangled in Russian political activism to create new post-socialist political identities and practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Workers and Intelligentsia in Late Imperial Russia: Realities, Representations, Reflections
    Workers and Intelligentsia in Late Imperial Russia: Realities, Representations, Reflections Edited by Reginald E. Zelnik Description: The collapse of the Soviet Union opened previously unimagined possibilities for insight into Russian social, intellectual, and political history. This volume, a collaboration of American, Russian, and West European scholars, illuminates the creation and complex dynamics of the Russian industrial working class from its peasant origins in the mid-nineteenth century to the collapse of the imperial system in 1917. The authors focus on the shifting attitudes, cultural norms, self-representations, and increasing self-consciousness of workers as they interacted with the new social movements, student groups, the Church, and most dramatically, the political (mainly radical and liberal) intelligentsia. But the authors also examine the obverse: the contending representations of workers by the intelligentsia as they interacted with each other ever more intensely during this turbulent period leading up to the Russian Revolution. The result is a fascinating and detailed account of social and cultural transformation in a key period of Russian — and world — history. RESEARCH SERIES / NUMBER 101 WORKERS AND INTELLIGENTSIA IN LATE IMPERIAL RUSSIA: REALITIES, REPRESENTATIONS, REFLECTIONS REGINALD E. ZELNIK, EDITOR UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY Three of the essays in this book have been published in somewhat different forms as journal articles. The essay by S. A. Smith first appeared (as part of a larger study of St. Petersburg and Shanghai) in International Review of Social History 41 (1996). The essay by William G. Rosenberg first appeared in Slavic Review 55 (1997). The essay by E. Anthony Swift first appeared in Russian History/Histoire Russe 23 (1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Speakers' Bios
    Speaker Biographies Natalia Arno President, Free Russia Foundation @Natalia_Budaeva Natalia Arno is the president and founder of Free Russia Foundation, a nonprofit and nonpartisan US- based nongovernmental organization that informs US policy makers on events in Russia in real time and supports the formulation of an effective and sustainable US policy on Russia. In 2004, Natalia joined the International Republican Institute, a US nonprofit nonpartisan organization advancing democracy worldwide. She worked there for ten years, six of which were as Russia Country Director. In December 2009, Natalia represented Russia in the World Summit of World Leaders in Geneva, Switzerland. Forced to leave Russia as a result of her pro-democracy work, Natalia founded the Free Russia Foundation with a number of other exiles in 2014. The organization serves as a voice for those who cannot speak under the repression of the current Russian leadership. Alena Balaba Odessa Media Center Denis Bochkarev Russian Photographer and Activist Since 2006, Russian photographer Denis Bochkarev has been involved in citizen journalism work, including production of photo and video documentaries. He has documented a large number of demonstration, protests, live protest performance art, activist arrests, court hearings and public reaction to prosecution of activists, including memorials for the slain journalists Anna Politkovskaya and Anastasiya Baburova and a murdered lawyer Stanislav Markelov; court proceedings involving Mikhail Khodorkovsky, members of the feminist protest punk rock band Pussy Riot, the detainees of the Bolotnaya Square May 6 protests. Denis has recorded recitals and actions of the art-group “War” and punk rock band Pussy Riot; actions of the civil organization “Solidarity”, coalition “Other Russia”, actions of youth activist organizations “Defense” and “We”.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Youth Organisations, Music and National
    www.ssoar.info Political youth organisations, music and national identity in contemporary Russia Pierobon, Chiara Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Pierobon, C. (2014). Political youth organisations, music and national identity in contemporary Russia. Studies of Transition States and Societies, 6(2), 39-56. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-407694 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de STSS Vol 6 / Issue 2 39 Studies of Transition States and Societies Political Youth Organisations, Music and National Identity in Contemporary Russia Chiara Pierobon* Abstract This article analyses the relationship between political youth organisations, music and national identity in contemporary Russia. It focuses on four of the most representative political youth groups present in the city of St. Petersburg – the Young Guard, the National Bolsheviks, the Movement Against Illegal Immigration (DPNI), and Oborona [Defence] – and describes their conceptualisation of post-Soviet Russianness, as captured through an analysis of their lyrics. The main contribution of this empirical study is the detection of convergences and divergences with regard to the national identity issue characterising youth organisations that position themselves diff erently in the Russian political spectrum. Keywords: Russian civil society, Russian music, post-Soviet Russian national identity, cultural trauma.
    [Show full text]