DOCSLIB.ORG

Russia's Policy on Secessionism in the United

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Russia's Policy on Secessionism in the United RUSSIA’S POLICY ON SECESSIONISM IN THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY MEHMET ZEKİ GÜNAY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS JUNE 2016 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Özlem Tür Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Oktay F. Tanrısever Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık (METU, IR) Prof. Dr. Oktay F. Tanrısever (METU, IR) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Işık Kuşçu (METU, IR) Prof. Dr. Fırat Purtaş (Gazi University, IR) Assist. Prof. Dr. Yuliya Biletska (Karabük Uni, IR) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Mehmet Zeki Günay Signature : iii ABSTRACT RUSSIA’S POLICY ON SECESSIONISM IN THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL Günay, Mehmet Zeki Ph.D., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Oktay F. Tanrısever June 2016, 259 pages This dissertation examines Russia’s policy on secessionism in Kosovo (Serbia), Abkhazia and South Ossetia (Georgia), and Crimea (Ukraine) in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). It aims to compare and contrast Russia’s stance on these different cases of secessionism that have been brought to the agenda of the UNSC. Contrary to the views of some experts who claim that Russia’s references to issues concerning identity and international law during the debates on secessionism in the UNSC reflect Russia’s commitment to the principles of international law and its support to the selected identities, this dissertation argues that Russia’s positions on identity issues and international law are driven mainly by its pragmatic concerns in order to enhance its regional power and influence. This argument is supported by Russia’s inconsistencies in its approach to international law and identity matters. To this end, firstly, the literature on international relations of ethnic conflicts and secessionism, and theories of International Relations is discussed. Secondly, the dissertation examines the evolution of secessionism in Kosovo, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Crimea. Thirdly, it analyzes post-Soviet Russia’s foreign and domestic policy on Kosovo, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Crimea. Later, it discusses Russia’s responses and policy choices concerning each case in the UNSC. The dissertation aims to identify the underlying determinants of Russia’s ‘varying’ responses to secessionism. Studying Russia’s position on secessionism in the UN in the post-Cold iv War era is significant not only for understanding ‘Russia in the UN’ but also Russia’s broader foreign policy choices Keywords: Russian Foreign Policy, Secessionism, United Nations Security Council, Kosovo, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Crimea v ÖZ RUSYA’NIN BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GÜVENLİK KONSEYİ’NDE AYRILIKÇILIĞA YÖNELİK SİYASETİ Günay, Mehmet Zeki Doktora, Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Prof. Dr. Oktay F. Tanrısever Haziran 2016, 259 sayfa Bu tez Rusya’nın Kosova (Sırbistan), Abhazya ve Güney Osetya (Gürcistan), ve Kırım’daki (Ukrayna) ayrılıkçı hareketlere yönelik Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi’ndeki (BMGK) siyasetini incelemektedir. Tezde BMGK gündemine getirilen bu farklı ayrılıkçı hareketlere karşı Rusya’nın tutumunun kıyaslanması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma bazı uzmanların öne sürdüğü gibi Rusya’nın ayrılıkçı hareketler üzerine BMGK’de yapılan tartışmalar sırasında kimlik ve uluslararası hukukla ilgili meselelere yaptığı göndermelerin Rusya’nın ilgili kimliklere olan desteğini ve uluslararası hukuk prensiplerine olan bağlılığını yansıtmadığını, aksine Rusya’nın kimlik ve uluslararası hukukla ilgili meselelere yaklaşımının esasen bölgesel güç ve etkisini arttırmaya yönelik pragmatik kaygılarına bağlı olarak şekillendiği fikrini savunmaktadır. Bu argüman Rusya’nın uluslararası hukuk ilkelerine ve kimlik meselelerine yaklaşımındaki tutarsızlıklarla desteklenmektedir. Bu bağlamda, ilk olarak etnik çatışmalar ve ayrılıkçı hareketlerin uluslararası ilişkiler boyutu ile Uluslararası İlişkiler teorileri literatürü tartışılmaktadır. İkinci olarak, Sovyet-sonrası Rusya’nın Kosova, Abhazya, Güney Osetya, ve Kırım’a yönelik dış ve iç politikası tartışılmaktadır. Sonrasında, Sovyet-sonrası Rusya’nın Birleşmiş Milletler çatısı altında bu örneklere yönelik tepkisi ve politikaları incelenmektedir. Bu tez, Rusya’nın ayrılıkçı hareketlere ilişkin değişkenlik gösteren tepkilerinin altında yatan etkenleri belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Rusya’nın Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde ayrılıkçılık meselesine BMGK’deki yaklaşımının incelenmesi sadece vi Rusya’nın Birleşmiş Milletler’deki siyasetini anlamak için değil aynı zamanda Rusya’nın daha geniş kapsamlı dış politika seçimlerini kavramak için de çok önemlidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Rus Dış Politikası, Ayrılıkçılık, Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi, Kosova, Abhazya, Güney Osetya, Kırım vii To My Wife viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Oktay F. Tanrısever for his academic as well as personal support, guidance, advice, criticism and encouragement throughout this research. I would also like to thank to the members of my dissertation committee: Prof. Dr. Meliha Altunışık, Prof. Dr. Fırat Purtaş, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Işık Kuşçu and Assist. Prof. Dr. Yuliya Biletska for their invaluable support, contributions and comments. I also wish to offer my special thanks to Ambassador Ertuğrul Apakan and the Permanent Mission of Turkey to the United Nations, particularly Ms. Elif Çalışkan, Mr. A. Noyan Özkaya and Mr. Bilal Emre Biral for undertaking the necessary arrangements for this research in New York. I am also grateful to the Middle East Technical University (METU) Graduate School of Social Sciences for its financial support, through BAP-07-03-2013-019 project, needed for the field research of this dissertation in New York and Washington. Finally, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my wife, parents, sister and aunts living in Ankara for their continuous support during this research. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS PLAGIARISM...........................................................................................................iii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. iv ÖZ .............................................................................................................................. vi DEDICATION ........................................................................................................ viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... x LIST OF MAPS ....................................................................................................... xii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................. xiv CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 1.1 Scope and Objective ............................................................................. 2 1.2 Literature Review .................................................................................. 5 1.3 Methodology ....................................................................................... 22 1.4 Structure of the Dissertation ................................................................ 22 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................. 25 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 25 2.2 Realist Theories of International Relations ......................................... 25 2.3 Liberal Theories of International Relations ........................................ 40 2.4 Constructivist Theories of International Relations .............................. 43 2.5 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 47 3. KOSOVO ....................................................................................................... 48 3.1. Introduction ......................................................................................... 48 3.2. Evolution of the Secessionist Movement in Kosovo .......................... 48 3.3. Russian Foreign and Domestic Policy on Kosovo .............................. 62 3.4. Russia’s Policy on Secessionism in Kosovo in the UNSC ................. 74 3.5. Sources of Russia’s Policy on Secessionism in Kosovo ..................... 88 3.6. Conclusion ........................................................................................... 95 x 4. ABKHAZIA AND SOUTH OSSETIA
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
    Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Azerbaijan (Textbook)
    DILGAM ISMAILOV HISTORY OF AZERBAIJAN (TEXTBOOK) Azerbaijan Architecture and Construction University Methodological Council of the meeting dated July 7, 2017, was published at the direction of № 6 BAKU - 2017 Dilgam Yunis Ismailov. History of Azerbaijan, AzMİU NPM, Baku, 2017, p.p.352 Referents: Anar Jamal Iskenderov Konul Ramiq Aliyeva All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means. Electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. In Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, the book “History of Azerbaijan” is written on the basis of a syllabus covering all topics of the subject. Author paid special attention to the current events when analyzing the different periods of Azerbaijan. This book can be used by other high schools that also teach “History of Azerbaijan” in English to bachelor students, master students, teachers, as well as to the independent learners of our country’s history. 2 © Dilgam Ismailov, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword…………………………………….……… 9 I Theme. Introduction to the history of Azerbaijan 10 II Theme: The Primitive Society in Azerbaijan…. 18 1.The Initial Residential Dwellings……….............… 18 2.The Stone Age in Azerbaijan……………………… 19 3.The Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages in Azerbaijan… 23 4.The Collapse of the Primitive Communal System in Azerbaijan………………………………………….... 28 III Theme: The Ancient and Early States in Azer- baijan. The Atropatena and Albanian Kingdoms.. 30 1.The First Tribal Alliances and Initial Public Institutions in Azerbaijan……………………………. 30 2.The Kingdom of Manna…………………………… 34 3.The Atropatena and Albanian Kingdoms………….
    [Show full text]
  • ROLLING BACKWARD Russia’S Troubled Relations with Its Neighbors Table of Contents Features
    per VOLUME 5, ISSUE 4, 2014 ConcordiamJournal of European Security and Defense Issues RUSSIAN REVISIONISM EXAMINING EU POLICY Moscow undermines European order The lessons from Ukraine THE NORDIC VIEW PLUS Finland weighs its neutrality Montenegro’s Road to the EU ORGANIZED CRIME Building Partnerships How it corrupts Russia Reviewing NATO Priorities ROLLING BACKWARD Russia’s Troubled Relations with its Neighbors Table of Contents features ON THE COVER Russia’s recent actions in Ukraine — aggressive rhetoric and nationalist symbolism, eerily reminiscent of the Cold War — have raised fears that the Kremlin may be adopting a revanchist strategy to reassert control over former Soviet- era republics. AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE 18 10 Explaining Russian Behavior 24 EU Enlargement to the East By Dr. Gregory Gleason, Marshall Center By Dr. Katrin Böttger, deputy director of the Russia’s actions in Ukraine have Institute for European Politics, Berlin shattered a carefully constructed post- Russia views economic treaties with Cold War consensus. Ukraine as intrusions into its sphere of influence. 18 Curbing Russian Aggression By Valentyn Badrak, director, Center for Army NATO’s Northern Edge Conversion and Disarmament Studies, Ukraine 30 By Tuomas Forsberg, professor of international The international community must relations, University of Tampere, Finland be assertive in deterring violations of Finland is reconsidering its neutral Ukraine’s sovereignty. status as a result of aggressive behavior from Moscow. departments COOPERATION 50 Redefining NATO By Dr. Teodora Crina Popescu, International Defense Cooperation Directorate, Romanian Ministry of Defense The Alliance has been forced to re-evaluate its mission in light of actions to the east. 54 Building Social Capital By Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Crisis in Russian Studies? Nationalism (Imperialism), Racism and War
    Crisis in Russian Studies? Nationalism (Imperialism), Racism and War TARAS KUZIO This e-book is provided without charge via free download by E-International Relations (www.E-IR.info). It is not permitted to be sold in electronic format under any circumstances. If you enjoy our free e-books, please consider leaving a small donation to allow us to continue investing in open access publications: http://www.e-ir.info/about/donate/ i Crisis in Russian Studies? Nationalism (Imperialism), Racism and War TARAS KUZIO ii E-International Relations www.E-IR.info Bristol, England 2020 ISBN 978-1-910814-55-0 This book is published under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 license. You are free to: • Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material Under the following terms: • Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. • NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission. Please contact [email protected] for any such enquiries, including for licensing and translation requests. Other than the terms noted above, there are no restrictions placed on the use and dissemination of this book for student learning materials/scholarly use. Production: Michael Tang Cover Image: Triff/Shutterstock A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
    [Show full text]
  • Extending Russia Competing from Advantageous Ground
    Extending Russia Competing from Advantageous Ground James Dobbins, Raphael S. Cohen, Nathan Chandler, Bryan Frederick, Edward Geist, Paul DeLuca, Forrest E. Morgan, Howard J. Shatz, Brent Williams C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR3063 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0021-5 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2019 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: Pete Soriano/Adobe Stock Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This report documents research and analysis conducted as part of the RAND Corporation research project Extending Russia: Competing from Advantageous Ground, sponsored by the Army Quadrennial Defense Review Office, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff G-8, Headquarters, Department of the Army.
    [Show full text]
  • Discordant Neighbours Ii CONTENTS Eurasian Studies Library
    CONTENTS i Discordant Neighbours ii CONTENTS Eurasian Studies Library Editors-in-Chief Sergei Bogatyrev School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London Dittmar Schorkowitz Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle/Saale, Germany Board Members ildikó bellér-hann – paul bushkovitch – peter finke geoffrey hosking – mikhail khodarkovsky marlène laruelle – virginia martin david schimmelpenninck van der oye – willard sunderland VOLUME 3 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/esl CONTENTS iii Discordant Neighbours A Reassessment of the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South Ossetian Conflicts By George Hewitt LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Coveriv illustration: Whilst the map on the front-coverCONTENTS delineates the frontiers of the former Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, the areas in green represent the republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia as recognised by Russia (26 August 2008) and five other UN member-states; red indicates the territory subject to the writ of the Georgian government and thus the reduced frontiers of today’s Republic of Georgia. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hewitt, B. G. Discordant neighbours : a reassessment of the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South- Ossetian conflicts / by George Hewitt. pages cm. -- (Eurasian studies library, ISSN 1877-9484 ; volume 3) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-24892-2 (hardback : acid-free paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-24893-9 (e-book) 1. Georgia (Republic)--Relations--Georgia--Abkhazia. 2. Georgia (Republic)--Relations--Georgia-- South Ossetia. 3. Abkhazia (Georgia)--Relations--Georgia (Republic) 4. South Ossetia (Georgia)-- Relations--Georgia (Republic) 5. Ethnic conflict--Georgia. 6. Georgia (Republic)--Ethnic relations. 7. Georgia (Republic)--History--1991- 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Military Intelligence: Background and Issues for Congress
    Russian Military Intelligence: Background and Issues for Congress November 24, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46616 SUMMARY R46616 Russian Military Intelligence: Background and November 24, 2020 Issues for Congress Andrew S. Bowen Following Russia’s occupation of Ukraine’s Crimea region and invasion of eastern Ukraine in Analyst in Russian and 2014, many observers have linked Russia to additional malicious acts abroad. U.S. and European European Affairs officials and analysts have accused Russia of, among other things, interfering in U.S. elections in 2016; attempting a coup in Montenegro in 2016; conducting cyberattacks against the World Anti- Doping Agency and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in 2016 and 2018, respectively; attempting to assassinate Russian intelligence defector Sergei Skripal in the United Kingdom in 2018; and offering “bounties” to Taliban-linked fighters to attack U.S. personnel in Afghanistan. Implicated in all these activities is Russia’s military intelligence agency, the Main Directorate of the General Staff (GU), also known as the GRU. The United States has indicted GRU officers and designated the GRU for sanctions in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, cybercrimes, and election interference. The Department of Justice has indicted GRU officers for cyber-related offenses against the World Anti-Doping Agency and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, NotPetya malware attacks in 2017, various cyberattacks against the 2018 Olympics, and interference in the 2016 U.S. elections. The GRU as an agency has been designated for sanctions under Executive Order 13694, as amended, and Section 224 of the Countering Russian Influence in Europe and Eurasia Act of 2017 (CRIEEA; P.L.
    [Show full text]
  • Through Times of Trouble Russian, Eurasian, and Eastern European Politics
    i Through Times of Trouble Russian, Eurasian, and Eastern European Politics Series Editor: Michael O. Slobodchikoff, Troy University Mission Statement Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, little attention was paid to Russia, Eastern Europe, and the former Soviet Union. The United States and many Western governments reassigned their analysts to address different threats. Scholars began to focus much less on Russia, Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, instead turning their attention to East Asia among other regions. With the descent of Ukraine into civil war, scholars and govern- ments have lamented the fact that there are not enough scholars studying Russia, Eurasia, and Eastern Europe. This series focuses on the Russian, Eurasian, and Eastern European region. We invite contributions addressing problems related to the politics and relations in this region. This series is open to contributions from scholars representing comparative politics, international relations, history, literature, linguistics, religious studies, and other disciplines whose work involves this important region. Successful proposals will be acces- sible to a multidisciplinary audience, and advance our understanding of Russia, Eurasia, and Eastern Europe. Advisory Board Michael E. Aleprete, Jr Andrei Tsygankov Gregory Gleason Stephen K. Wegren Dmitry Gorenburg Christopher Ward Nicole Jackson Matthew Rojansky Richard Sakwa Books in the Series Understanding International Relations: Russia and the World, edited by Natalia Tsvetkova Geopolitical Prospects of the Russian Project of Eurasian Integration, by Natalya A. Vasilyeva and Maria L. Lagutina Eurasia 2.0: Russian Geopolitics in the Age of New Media, edited by Mark Bassin and Mikhail Suslov Executive Politics in Semi-Presidential Regimes: Power Distribution and Conflicts between Presidents and Prime Ministers, by Martin Carrier Post-Soviet Legacies and Conflicting Values in Europe: Generation Why, by Lena M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Holocaust in Ukraine: New Sources and Perspectives
    THE CENTER FOR ADVANCED HOLOCAUST STUDIES of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum promotes the growth of the field of Holocaust studies, including the dissemination of scholarly output in the field. It also strives to facilitate the training of future generations of scholars specializing in the Holocaust. Under the guidance of the Academic Committee of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council, the Center provides a fertile atmosphere for scholarly discourse and debate through research and publication projects, conferences, fellowship and visiting scholar opportunities, and a network of cooperative programs with universities and other institutions in the United States and abroad. In furtherance of this program the Center has established a series of working and occasional papers prepared by scholars in history, political science, philosophy, religion, sociology, literature, psychology, and other disciplines. Selected from Center-sponsored lectures and conferences, THE HOLOCAUST or the result of other activities related to the Center’s mission, these publications are designed to make this research available in a timely IN UKRAINE fashion to other researchers and to the general public. New Sources and Perspectives Conference Presentations 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Washington, DC 20024-2126 ushmm.org The Holocaust in Ukraine: New Sources and Perspectives Conference Presentations CENTER FOR ADVANCED HOLOCAUST STUDIES UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM 2013 The assertions, opinions, and conclusions in this occasional paper are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. The articles in this collection are not transcripts of the papers as presented, but rather extended or revised versions that incorporate additional information and citations.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Exercises: Political Messaging and Strategic Impact
    Military Exercises: Political Messaging and Strategic Impact Military Exercises: Political Messaging and Strategic Impact Foreword by General Denis Mercier Supreme Allied Commander Transformation Edited by Beatrice Heuser, Tormod Heier and Guillaume Lasconjarias vi NATO DEFENSE COLLEGE NATO Defense College Cataloguing in Publication-Data: Military Exercises: Political Messaging and Strategic Impact (NATO Defense College ‘NDC Forum Papers Series’) Forum Paper 26 Edited by Beatrice Heuser, Tormod Heier and Guillaume Lasconjarias Copy-editing: Mary Di Martino ISBN: 978-88-96898-20-8 The views expressed in this NDC Forum Paper are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the NATO Defense College, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or any of the institutions represented by the contributors. The Research Division (RD) of the NATO Defense College provides NATO’s senior leaders with sound and timely analysis and recommendations on current issues of particular concern for the Alliance. Papers produced by the Research Division convey NATO’s position to the wider audience of the international strategic community and contribute to strengthening of the Transatlantic Link. The RD’s civil and military researchers come from a variety of disciplines and interests covering a broad spectrum of security- related issues. They conduct research on topics which are of interest to the political and military decision-making bodies of the Alliance and its member states. Portions of this NDC Forum Paper may be quoted
    [Show full text]
  • Essays on Russia and East-Central Europe Since World War Ii
    A Difficult Neighbourhood ESSAYS ON RUSSIA AND EAST-CENTRAL EUROPE SINCE WORLD WAR II A Difficult Neighbourhood ESSAYS ON RUSSIA AND EAST-CENTRAL EUROPE SINCE WORLD WAR II JOHN BESEMERES Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Creator: Besemeres, John F., author. Title: A difficult neighbourhood : essays on Russia and East-Central Europe since World War II / John Besemeres. ISBN: 9781760460600 (paperback) 9781760460617 (ebook) Subjects: Russia--Relations--Europe, Eastern. Europe, Eastern--Relations--Russia. Russia--History. Europe, Eastern--History. Poland--History. Dewey Number: 327.47 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover photograph: Line of protesters at Dynamivska str. Euromaidan Protests. Events of 20 January 2014, by Mstyslav Chernov. Available at: commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/User:Mstyslav_Chernov. This edition © 2016 ANU Press CES Prize This publication was awarded a Centre for European Studies Publication Prize in 2015. The prize covers the cost of professional copyediting. Contents List of maps . ix Acknowledgements . xi Introduction: Reclaiming the Empire . 1 Part 1. Twentieth-century Poland: War and Cold War 1 . Seven days that shook the world . 31 2 . A difficult neighbourhood . 37 3 . Jan Karski’s valiant failures . 49 4 . The worst of both worlds: Captain Witold Pilecki between Hitler and Stalin .
    [Show full text]
  • Realities of Azerbaijan: 1917-1920
    REALITIES OF AZE R BAIJAN 1917-1920 REALITIES OF AZE R BAIJAN 1917-1920 ANAR ISGENDERLI Copyright © 2011 by Anar Isgenderli. Library of Congress Control Number: 2011903484 ISBN: Hardcover 978-1-4568-7954-9 Softcover 978-1-4568-7953-2 Ebook 978-1-4568-7955-6 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. First published in 2011. Isgenderli, Anar— Realities of Azerbaijan: 1917-1920 Foreword by Justin McCarthy Translated by Yusif Axundov © Anar Isgenderli, 2011 This book was printed in the United States of America. To order additional copies of this book, contact: Xlibris Corporation 1-888-795-4274 www.Xlibris.com [email protected] 75308 CONTENTS FOREWORD ...................................................................9 INTRODUCTION .........................................................11 CHAPTER 1: TURKS AND ARMENIANS ....................17 1.1. The Armenian Settlement in the South Caucasus ...............................................17 1.2. Armenians under the Ottoman Empire ...........34 CHAPTER 2: FROM FEBRUARY REVOLUTION TO THE COLLAPSE OF THE TRANSCAUCASIAN SEIM .....51 2.1. The Special Transcaucasian Committee and the Transcaucasian Commissariat ..........................51 2.2. The Transcaucasian Seim ................................59 CHAPTER 3: MASSACRES OF TURKS AND OTHER NATIONALITIES ..........................................................71
    [Show full text]