Russia in the World Rusia En El Mundo

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Russia in the World Rusia En El Mundo Año 2 | nº 03 Mayo-Agosto 2015 ISSN 2386-5776 Russia in the World Rusia en el Mundo Guest editor / Editor invitado: Dr. Maxine David. University of Surrey Liz Arnanz, Stephen Blank, Maxine David, Ruth Deyermond, Lance Davies, Tracey German, David Lewis & Rachel S. Salzman Departamento de Relaciones Internacionales Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales SUMARIO Año 2 | nº 03 Mayo-julio 2015 ARTÍCULOS I ARTICLES From Bridge to Bulwark: the evolution of BRICS in Russian grand strategy ..................................................1 De puente a fortaleza: la evolución de los países BRICS en la estrategia global de Rusia Rachel S. Salzman Russia, China, India and Central Asia ................................................................................................................. 13 Rusia, China, India y Asia Central Stephen Blank Disputed democracy: the instrumentalisation of the concept of democracy in US-Russia relations during the George W. Bush and Putin presidencies ......................................................................................... 28 Democracia reñida: la instrumentalización del concepto de democracia en las relaciones entre los Estados Unidos y Rusia a lo largo de los mandatos presidenciales de George W. Bush y Putin Ruth Deyermond Afghanistan post-2014: implications for the stability of Russia’s southern periphery ........................... 44 Afganistán pos-2014: las implicaciones para la estabilidad de la periferia meridional de Rusia Tracey German Reasserting hegemony in Central Asia: russian policy in post-2010 Kyrgyzstan ................................... 58 Reafirmar la hegemonía en Asia Central: las políticas rusas en Kirguistán tras 2010 David Lewis Russian institutional learning and regional peace operations: the cases of Georgia and Moldova ... 81 El aprendizaje institucional ruso y las operaciones regionales de paz: los casos de Georgia y Moldavia Lance Davies Transitional times. Russian Agency and international intervention ........................................................... 100 Momentos de transición. El Organismo Ruso y la intervención internacional Maxine David En busca de coherencia y resultados: la política europea de vecindad en Moldavia y Georgia ... 116 Looking for coherence and results: the European neighbourhood policy in Moldova and Georgia Liz Arranz RECENSIONES I BOOK REVIEWS Título | autor ............................................................................................................................................................ 143 Por Comentarista Título | autor ............................................................................................................................................................ 143 Por Comentarista Título | autor ............................................................................................................................................................ 143 Por Comentarista Director de la Revista I Journal Editor .................................................................................................................... 154 Consejo de Redacción I Editorial Board ................................................................................................................ 154 Consejo Asesor I Advisory Board ........................................................................................................................... 154 Directrices para Autores I Author Guidelines ......................................................................................................... 155 Comillas Journal of International Relations | nº 03 | [2015] [ISSN 2386-5776] I Editorial Las Fronteras de la Actualidad Comillas Journal of International Relations dedicó su primer número a una cuestión estructural para la política exterior de nuestro tiempo, con especial foco en nuestro país: Diplomacia Pública y Marca España. En el segundo número reflexionamos sobre la memoria de la Guerra Mundial, cien años después. Un conflicto en el que se encierran muchas de las claves del moderno sistem a mundial, y más en concreto, de la realidad europea. El tercer número de nuestra revista busca abordar alguna de las claves de la actualidad más acuciante, al volver nuestra mirada a Rusia y su política exterior. Lo hacemos en un año crucial, con el conflicto de Ucrania candente y con la reflexión sobre las ambiciones y desafíos de las inquietantes aspiraciones de Vladimir Putin como un punto crucial del debate en relaciones internacionales. El Kaiser Guillermo II dijo que declarar la guerra a Rusia es hacerlo a un continente. Desde el Báltico a al Estrecho de Bering, en efecto, se acompasan las pulsiones de un país que es por muchas razones único en nuestro planeta. Un Leviatán en el sistema de estados. Comprender su política exterior es clave para interpretar cuestiones clave sobre el presente y las perspectivas de evolución de Asia Central, los países emergentes, la estabilidad de nuestro moderno sistema multipolar, la Unión Europea o la siempre candente cuestión del encaje del mundo Árabe-Islámico en el moderno sistema mundial. Rusia no es la clave, pero en ella se encierran muchas de las respuestas para comprender las complejidades y contrapuntos del mundo en el que vivimos. Para abordar esta cuestión hemos recurrido a una especialista de contrastada experiencia y prestigio en esta cuestión, que es también una gran amiga de la Universidad Pontificia Comillas ICAI-ICADE: la Dr. Maxine David, que ha reunido a un grupo de especialistas de contratado prestigio para abordar las principales cuestiones de relieve en la actual política exterior rusa, desde las conceptuales hasta las sectoriales. Creemos que el resultado es valioso, novedoso y con voluntad de servicio; tiene en efecto una potencial capacidad de ser realmente útil a especialistas y a un público amplio. En definitiva, se trata de un número que hace honor a los objetivos de nuestra revista, y a los de la Universidad Pontificia Comillas. Este número, en efecto, se sitúa en las fronteras de la actualidad, pero huye del oportunismo, a favor de la profundidad, y del maniqueísmo, en beneficio de la comprensión profunda de los procesos. Un ejemplo para los números que le seguirán, y un esfuerzo del que estamos especialmente orgullosos. Gracias a todos los que han colaborado a hacerlo posible, y más con la guadaña del mes de agosto cerniéndose sobre nuestras cabezas. Emilio Sáenz-Francés San Baldomero Director [email protected] Comillas Journal of International Relations | nº 03 | [2015] [ISSN 2386-5776] II Nota del Coordinador del Número 3 Special issue – Russia’s foreign policy and its effects In the time since Ukraine’s conflict broke out in early 2014, Russia’s foreign policy has suffered no let-up in activity. Russia continues to weather a storm of accusations about its continued role in Ukraine. With the Dutch investigation into the shooting down of Malaysian Airlines flight MH17 in July 2014 moving closer to its final conclusion, there have been calls for a United Nations tribunal to be established to prosecute those responsible for the tragedy. The Russian President, Vladimir Putin, has so far stymied this move, saying Russia considered this to be “an untimely and counterproductive initiative” (Putin, 2015). Russia’s own very early Ministry of Defence report into the downing of the airplane has been challenged by a citizen journalist group, Bellingcat, who have compelling evidence that the Russian MoD doctored the satellite imagery (Higgins, 2015). Russia’s reputation in some quarters is therefore suffering. Nevertheless, Russia continues to demonstrate that it is a necessary partner in certain areas, most notably with Iran, and it manages to exploit its historical relations and present-day power as an energy giant to some effect in others. In this special issue, authors cover a wide range of Russia’s foreign policy activity in recent years. Separate articles evaluate bilateral relationships with China, Kyrgyzstan and the US, multilateral relations within the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa group) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Also examined are Russia’s actions in Central Asia as ISAF (international stabilisation operation Afghanistan) troops withdraw from Afghanistan, as well as its peacekeeping activities in its neighbourhood throughout the post-Cold War period. The aim of the issue is not to provide or apply a single theoretical or methodological framework. Rather, we aim to provide a wide-ranging, largely empirically-driven account of Russian foreign policy in its most recent years. Authors tackle the weaknesses as well as strengths of Russia’s external actions, evaluating the opportunities available to Russia and whether and how it has managed to exploit those opportunities to serve its national interest well. Ultimately, a tone of pessimism underlies many of the contributions with authors concluding individually that Russia walks a fine foreign policy line in which it is as likely to come out the loser as the victor. Stepping back from the individual contributions and looking at them in the round permits a viewing of Russian foreign policy through a wider lens, which in turn illuminates the possibility that Russia is engaged in a process of over-reach and that by failing to narrow its scope of activity, it runs the risk of losing more than need be the case. Many of the authors, notably David, German, Lewis and Salzman also comment on the watchful stance that other actors are adopting
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