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The Caribbean S PEC IAL S E C TIO N 97 The Caribbean Defence and Security National Legislationegislation Antigua and Barbuda - Police (Amendment) Act, 1998. The non-Spanish speaking Caribbean is an area of vast - Defence (Amendment) Act, 2007. Bahamas - Police Act, Chapter 205, 1965. heterogeneity that from the foundation of common con- - Defence Act, Chapter 211, 1979. cerns has established cooperative spaces. The countries Barbados - Defence Act, Chapter 159, 1985. have constructed their political systems and structures on - Police Act, Chapter 167, 1998. the foundation of their processes of decolonization and - Police Act, Chapter 138, 1951. Belize - Defence Act, Chapterp 135, 1978. maintain strong links with countries such as Great Britain, Dominica - Police Act, Chapter 14:01, 1940. United States, and Canada, both due to historical and lin- - The Police Act, Chapter 244, guistic reasons. Strong links with China have also been de- Grenada Revised Laws of Grenada 1990. veloped, as is covered in Professor Dion Phillips’ analysis. - Police Act, Chapter 16:01, 1957. Guyana - Defence Act, Chapter 15:01, 1966. In terms of their relations with other countries from the - The Constabulary Force Act, 1935. continent, such as the Latin Americans, shared concerns Jamaica - The Defence Act, 1962. are highlighted in mechanisms such as the Organization - The Police Act, 2003. Saint Kitts and Nevis - Defence Act, 10, 1997. of American States, or the Conference of Defence Minis- Saint Lucia - Police Act, Chapter 14:01, 2001. ters of the Americas and Conference of Ministers of Public Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Police (Amendment) Act, 1989. Security, as well as in the growing relations with Brazil, Suriname - National Army Act, 1996, Colombia or Venezuela. - Defence Act, Chapter 14:01, 1962. Trinidad and Tobago - Police Service Act, Chapter 15:01, 2006. Belize Commonwealth of The Bahamas Antigua and Barbuda Commonwealth of Dominica Belize Defence Force Royal Bahamas Defence Force Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force Dominica Police Force Belize Police Department Royal Bahamas Police Force Royal Antigua and Barbuda Police Force Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Defence Force Saint Lucia Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Police Force Royal Saint Lucia Police Force Jamaica Jamaica Defence Force Barbados Jamaica Constabulary Force Barbados Defence Force Royal Barbados Police Force Grenada Royal Grenada Police Force The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago The Republic of Guyana The Republic of Suriname Saint Vincent and Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force Guyana Defence Force National Army of Suriname the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago Police Force Guyana Police Force Police Corp of Suriname Royal Saint Vincent and The Grenadines Police Force Missions of defence and/or security forces Cooperation In case of war or emergencyy, provided that Defence, Assistance in case of Defence Security in domestic a proper state of emergency or war is sovereignty emergency and/or forces forces security and declared, the Police Force shall serve as a and territory natural disasters public order military force in the defence of the State. Source: Defence (Amendment) Act, 2007 (Antigua and Barbuda). Defence Act, Chapter 211 (Bahamas). Defence Act, Chapter 159 (Barbados). Defence Act, Chapter 135 (Belize). Police Act, Chapter 14:01 (Dominica). Defence Act, Chapter 15:01 (Guyana). Ministry of National Security and The Defence Act (Jamaica). Defence Act (Saint Kitts and Nevis). Police (Amendment) Act (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines). Website of the Ministry of Defence (Suriname). Defence Act, Chapter 14:01 (Trinidad and Tobago). A Comp arative Atlas of Def ence in Latin America and Caribbean / 2014 Edition 98 Creation of Defence and Security Forces 1750-1800 1801-1850 1851-1900 1901-1950 1951 onwards 1792 Trinidad and Tobago 1832 Jamaica Constabulary 1853 Royal Grenada Police 1940 Dominica Police Force. 1960 Royal Saint Kitts and Police Force Service. Force. Force. Nevis Police Force. 1834 Royal Saint Lucia Police 1896 Royal Saint Kitts and 1962 Jamaica Defence Force. Force. Nevis Defence Force (1). 1962 Trinidad and Tobago 1835 Royal Barbados Police Defence Force. Force. 1965 Guyana Defence Force. 1839 Guyana Police Force. 1967 Royal Antigua and 118418408400R RoyalRoyalBl BahamasBahamas PolicePolice Barbuda Police Force. Forcorce.e. 1973 Belize Police Department. 1975 National Army of West Indies Regiment Suriname(2). Created in 1795, the West India Regiment was an infantry unit of the British Army recruiteded and 1978 Belize Defence Force. generally stationed in the British colonies of the Caribbean. Thhee Regiment differed from similar forces 1979 Royal Saint Vincent and recruited in other parts of the British Empire in that it formedd an integral part of the regular British The Grenadines Police Army. As countries became independent, they started creatingg their own defence forces, which were Force. no longer part of the West Indies Regiment. 1979 Barbados Defence Force. 1980 Royal Bahamas Defence (1) Initiallyy, a defence force was created as a result of a strike that security forces were unable to control. The regular force was Force. createdeated in 19671967. Army 1981 Royal Antigua and (2) In 1975, the Republic of Suriname, became independent from the Netherlands and established its own national armed Barbuda Defence Force. forces Surinaamse Krijgsmachi. In 1980, they changed their name to Nationaal Leger or National Armyy, after the military government took over. Source: Compilation based on information provided by the above mentioned institutions. GG: Governor General / PTE: President / PM: Prime Minister / DB: Defence Board / CF: Chief of the Force / Legal functions related to defence: SC: Security Council / CP: Commissioner of Police / CM: Military Command. Command, Controlled Commission Responsible Troop exit Defence Board Country Commanded Directed by in another administra- Members Through for authorized formally by country tion and by authorized by discipline Operations PM, CF, others to be Antigua GG PM PM DB CD JF GG and Barbuda designated. PM, Minister of Minister of National Bahamas GG PM SC SC JF GG National Security, others Security to be designated. Barbados GG PM -- -- CD JF GG -- Ministry of Defence Ministry of Defence Belize GG PM Minister CD JF GG and Immigration, CF, and Immigration other ministers to be designated. Minister for National Dominica PTE PM Security, Labor and -- CP CP -- -- Immigration Grenada GG PM -- -- CP CP -- -- PM with PTE, PM, Minister of Guyana PTE PM -- PM CD JF Parliament Home Affairs, CF, three others to be designated. Minister of National Minister of National Jamaica GG PM DB CD JF GG Security, CF, other Security minister to be designated. Saint Kitts and Minister of National GG PM CD JF -- Nevis Security* -- -- Minister for Home Saint Lucia GG PM Affairs and National -- CP CP -- -- Security Saint Vincent and Minister of National -- CP the Grenadines GG PM Security CP -- -- PTE, President of the National Assembly, Vice-president, two representatives of Minister of Defence Suriname PTE PTE CM JF the Armed Forces, a PTE PTE representative of the Ministry of Justice, a member of the Council of Ministers, a representative of the Police. Minister of National Trinidad and PTE PM Minister of National -- CD JF PTE Security, CF, two ministers Tobago Security to be designated. *In 2014 they are below the direct authority of the Prime Minister. Source: Compilation based on the defence and police force laws of each country. In the case of Dominica, Police Act, Chapter 14:01, 1940, reference is made only to the responsibility for the Police Force. C hapter 9: Special Section The Caribbean 99 Regional Organizations In the areas of defence and security, the countries of the Caribbean share a common agenda and take part in regional forums. Though they originally tended towards integration (mainly economic), with time they have created new spaces of cooperation. 1990 2000 s CARICOM. Caribbean Community on i 74 Economic integration and 9 zat 1 cooperation among its members. i ACS. Association of Caribbean 4 an g OECS. Organization of States 99 Eastern Caribbean States 1 Regional cooperation. 1 c or i Sustainable development 98 1 Political and/or eco- nom through their strategic insertion in the world economy. ACCP. A ssociation of Caribbean Commissioners of s SAM. Security Assistance 7 m Police s RSS. Regional Security System Mechanism 7 996 ni Promote and facilitate Collective security system. Territorial integrity, defence against a 1 200 98 h cooperation in the development threats to security. 1 and implementation of mec ence and security f police strategies, systems and e D procedures. on IMPACS. Implementation i CDEMA. Caribbean Disaster es i Emergency Management Agency for Crime and erat enc p Agency Security g 1991 2006 a Emergency management. Crime and security management Coo within the CARICOM framework. Participation in regional organizations Anglophone Caribbean and Suriname Other dependencies and countries in the region Latin America Antigua and Barbuda Anguilla Colombia Bahamas French Antilles Costa Rica Barbados Dutch Antilless Cuba Belize Aruba (1) Dominican Republic Dominica Bermuda El Salvador Grenada Curacao Guatemala Guyana Cayman Islands Haiti Jamaica Turks and Caicos Islands (1) Honduras Saint Kitts and NevisVirgin Islands Mexico Saint LuciaBritish Virgin Islands Nicaragua Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Montserrat Panama Suriname Saint Martin Venezuela Trinidad and Tobago (1) Aruba, Curacao,
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