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Conflict and Crisis in South Sudan's Equatoria
SPECIAL REPORT NO. 493 | APRIL 2021 UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE www.usip.org Conflict and Crisis in South Sudan’s Equatoria By Alan Boswell Contents Introduction ...................................3 Descent into War ..........................4 Key Actors and Interests ............ 9 Conclusion and Recommendations ...................... 16 Thomas Cirillo, leader of the Equatoria-based National Salvation Front militia, addresses the media in Rome on November 2, 2019. (Photo by Andrew Medichini/AP) Summary • In 2016, South Sudan’s war expand- Equatorians—a collection of diverse South Sudan’s transitional period. ed explosively into the country’s minority ethnic groups—are fighting • On a national level, conflict resolu- southern region, Equatoria, trig- for more autonomy, local or regional, tion should pursue shared sover- gering a major refugee crisis. Even and a remedy to what is perceived eignty among South Sudan’s con- after the 2018 peace deal, parts of as (primarily) Dinka hegemony. stituencies and regions, beyond Equatoria continue to be active hot • Equatorian elites lack the external power sharing among elites. To spots for national conflict. support to viably pursue their ob- resolve underlying grievances, the • The war in Equatoria does not fit jectives through violence. The gov- political process should be expand- neatly into the simplified narratives ernment in Juba, meanwhile, lacks ed to include consultations with of South Sudan’s war as a power the capacity and local legitimacy to local community leaders. The con- struggle for the center; nor will it be definitively stamp out the rebellion. stitutional reform process of South addressed by peacebuilding strate- Both sides should pursue a nego- Sudan’s current transitional period gies built off those precepts. -
Total Returns to South Sudan Post CPA to June 2009
IOM Tracking of Spontaneous Returns Project Total Returns to South Sudan Post CPA to June 2009 Table of Contents Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................................... 2 Summary..................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Background....................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Objectives ......................................................................................................................................... 4 3. Methodology..................................................................................................................................... 5 3.1. En-route Tracking............................................................................................................................. 5 3.2. Area of Return Tracking................................................................................................................... 6 4. Capacity Building of SSRRC and VRRC......................................................................................... 6 5. Total Estimated Number of Returns ................................................................................................. 8 6. Analysis of Area of Return - Cumulative Data, February 2007 to June 2009................................ 10 6.1. Total -
Local Needs and Agency Conflict: a Case Study of Kajo Keji County, Sudan
African Studies Quarterly | Volume 11, Issue 1 | Fall 2009 Local Needs and Agency Conflict: A Case Study of Kajo Keji County, Sudan RANDALL FEGLEY Abstract: During Southern Sudan’s second period of civil war, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) provided almost all of the region’s public services and greatly influenced local administration. Refugee movements, inadequate infrastructures, food shortages, accountability issues, disputes and other difficulties overwhelmed both the agencies and newly developed civil authorities. Blurred distinctions between political and humanitarian activities resulted, as demonstrated in a controversy surrounding a 2004 distribution of relief food in Central Equatoria State. Based on analysis of documents, correspondence and interviews, this case study of Kajo Keji reveals many of the challenges posed by NGO activity in Southern Sudan and other countries emerging from long-term instability. Given recurrent criticisms of NGOs in war-torn areas of Africa, agency operations must be appropriately geared to affected populations and scrutinized by governments, donors, recipients and the media. A Critique of NGO Operations Once seen as unquestionably noble, humanitarian agencies have been subject to much criticism in the last 30 years.1 This has been particularly evident in the Horn of Africa. Drawing on experience in Ethiopia, Hancock depicted agencies as bureaucracies more intent on keeping themselves going than helping the poor.2 Noting that aid often allowed despots to maintain power, enrich themselves and escape responsibility, he criticized their tendency for big, wasteful projects using expensive experts who bypass local concerns and wisdom and do not speak local languages. He accused their personnel of being lazy, over-paid, under-educated and living in luxury amid their impoverished clients. -
South Sudan: Bi-Weekly Humanitarian Situation Report Emergency Type: Humanitarian Crises Issue 06| Date: 16– 31 March 2021
South Sudan: Bi-Weekly Humanitarian Situation Report Emergency type: Humanitarian Crises Issue 06| Date: 16– 31 March 2021 KEY FIGURES COVID-19 IPC PHASE 5 10 281 113 135545 9 835 108 000 6 5 939 8.3 M 2.3 M confirmed deaths Tests recoveries People Counties consultations People in Need of South Sudanese cases performed targeted conducted Humanitarian Refugees in Assistance neighboring countries HIGHLIGHTS 1.6M 1.4M Internally Malnourished Children • A cumulative of 10 281 COVID-19 confirmed cases and 113 deaths (case fatality Displaced rate of 1.1%) have been reported in South Sudan since the onset of the outbreak. • 292 healthcare workers have been confirmed for COVID 19 since the start of the outbreak on 5 April 2020. 125K 483K • South Sudan’s COVID-19 vaccination drive kicked off on 6 April 2021 with health Persons living in Malnourished Women PoC1 workers receiving their first dose of the Astra Zeneca vaccine in Juba. • WHO has graded the humanitarian emergency occasioned by the severe food insecurity as a Grade 2 event that will require additional resources and support from the regional and headquarters for an adequate response. 77 5.82M • WHO delivered 164 interagency health kits (can support 227 000 people), 84 Stabilization Severely Food Insecure Centers pneumonia kits, 10 severe acute malnutrition with medical complication (SAM/MC) kits, and 21 cholera investigation kits have been delivered to the responding partners in the six priority IPC 5 counties. • Five confirmed and 27 suspected rubella cases have been line-listed in Tambura where rubella virus transmission is going on 121 Children under one year vaccinated 066 with oral polio vaccine (20%) Initial numbers of children vaccinated 962 158 against measles Counties with confirmed measles 00 outbreaks in 2021 PoC1 s sites with confirmed measles 00 outbreaks in 2021 Counties with malaria cases South Sudan rolled out the COVID-19 vaccine on 6 April 2021. -
The Republic of South Sudan Request for an Extension of the Deadline For
The Republic of South Sudan Request for an extension of the deadline for completing the destruction of Anti-personnel Mines in mined areas in accordance with Article 5, paragraph 1 of the convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Antipersonnel Mines and on Their Destruction Submitted at the 18th Meeting of the State Parties Submitted to the Chair of the Committee on Article 5 Implementation Date 31 March 2020 Prepared for State Party: South Sudan Contact Person : Jurkuch Barach Jurkuch Position: Chairperson, NMAA Phone : (211)921651088 Email : [email protected] 1 | Page Contents Abbreviations 3 I. Executive Summary 4 II. Detailed Narrative 8 1 Introduction 8 2 Origin of the Article 5 implementation challenge 8 3 Nature and extent of progress made: Decisions and Recommendations of States Parties 9 4 Nature and extent of progress made: quantitative aspects 9 5 Complications and challenges 16 6 Nature and extent of progress made: qualitative aspects 18 7 Efforts undertaken to ensure the effective exclusion of civilians from mined areas 21 # Anti-Tank mines removed and destroyed 24 # Items of UXO removed and destroyed 24 8 Mine Accidents 25 9 Nature and extent of the remaining Article 5 challenge: quantitative aspects 27 10 The Disaggregation of Current Contamination 30 11 Nature and extent of the remaining Article 5 challenge: qualitative aspects 41 12 Circumstances that impeded compliance during previous extension period 43 12.1 Humanitarian, economic, social and environmental implications of the -
“Soldiers Assume We Are Rebels” Escalating Violence and Abuses in South Sudan’S Equatorias WATCH
HUMAN RIGHTS “Soldiers Assume We Are Rebels” Escalating Violence and Abuses in South Sudan’s Equatorias WATCH “Soldiers Assume We Are Rebels” Escalating Violence and Abuses in South Sudan’s Equatorias Copyright © 2017 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-35065 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org AUGUST 2017 ISBN: 978-1-6231-35065 “Soldiers Assume We Are Rebels” Escalating Violence and Abuses in South Sudan’s Equatorias Map .................................................................................................................................... I Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Recommendations ............................................................................................................. -
Village Assessment Survey Morobo County
Village Assessment Survey COUNTY ATLAS 2013 Morobo County Central Equatoria State Village Assessment Survey The Village Assessment Survey (VAS) has been used by IOM since 2007 and is a comprehensive data source for South Sudan that provides detailed information on access to basic services, infra- structure and other key indicators essential to informing the development of efficient reintegra- tion programmes. The most recent VAS represents IOM’s largest effort to date encompassing 30 priority counties comprising of 871 bomas, 197 payams, 468 health facilities, and 1,277 primary schools. There was a particular emphasis on assessing payams outside state capitals, where com- paratively fewer comprehensive assessments have been carried out. IOM conducted the assess- ment in priority counties where an estimated 72% of the returnee population (based on esti- mates as of 2012) has resettled. The county atlas provides spatial data at the boma level and should be used in conjunction with the VAS county profile. Four (4) Counties Assessed Planning Map and Dashboard..…………Page 1 WASH Section…………..………...Page 14 - 20 General Section…………...……...Page 2 - 5 Natural Source of Water……...……….…..Page 14 Main Ethnicities and Languages.………...Page 2 Water Point and Physical Accessibility….…Page 15 Infrastructure and Services……...............Page 3 Water Management & Conflict....….………Page 16 Land Ownership and Settlement Type ….Page 4 WASH Education...….……………….…….Page 17 Returnee Land Allocation Status..……...Page 5 Latrine Type and Use...………....………….Page 18 Livelihood -
Water for Eastern Equatoria (W4EE)
Water for Eastern Equatoria (W4EE) he first integrated water resource management (IWRM) project of its kind in South Sudan, Water Water for Eastern for Eastern Equatoria (W4EE) was launched in Components 2013 as part of the broader bilateral water Tprogramme funded through the Dutch Multiannual Equatoria (W4EE) Strategic Plan for South Sudan (2012–2015). W4EE focuses on three interrelated From the very beginning, W4EE was planned as a pilot components: IWRM programme in the Torit and Kapoeta States of The role of integrated water resource manage- Eastern Equatoria focusing on holistic management of the ment in fostering resilience, delivering economic Kenneti catchment, conflict-sensitive oversight of water Component 1: Integrated water resource management of the development, improving health, and promoting for productive use such as livestock and farming, and Kenneti catchment and surrounds peace in a long-term process. improved access to safe drinking water as well as sanitati- on and hygiene. The goal has always been to replicate key Component 2: Conflict-sensitive management of water for learnings and best practice in other parts of South Sudan. productive use contributes to increased, sustained productivity, value addition in agriculture, horticulture, and livestock The Kenneti catchment is very important to the Eastern Equatoria region for economic, social, and biodiversity reasons. The river has hydropower potential, supports the Component 3: Safely managed and climate-resilient drinking livelihoods of thousands of households, and the surroun- water services and improved sanitation and hygiene are available, ding area hosts a national park with forests and wetlands operated and maintained in a sustainable manner. as well as wild animals and migratory birds. -
Return and Reintegration of Sudanese Refugees to Southern Sudan
Return and Reintegration of Sudanese Refugees to Southern Sudan REVISED SUPPLEMENTARY APPEAL January 2004 – December 2005 Home beckons for these Sudanese refugees in Uganda. © UNHCR I. INTRODUCTION period up to 31 December 2004. The estimated funding requirements for planned activities during Decades of armed conflict in southern Sudan January – December 2005 are USD 60 million, have resulted in over 500,000 Sudanese fleeing thereby bringing the total two–year budget to USD into neighbouring countries of Uganda, Ethiopia, 89.9 million. UNHCR will reflect these revised Kenya, the Democratic Republic of the Congo project needs in the 2004 Inter-agency (DRC), Central African Republic (CAR) and Egypt. Consolidated Appeal for the Sudan Assistance The conflict also internally displaced about four Programme (ASAP). million persons. With the funds being requested, it will become In 2002, renewed peace talks launched in possible to strengthen UNHCR’s present capacity Machakos, Kenya, under the auspices of the to support the planned repatriation and Inter-Governmental Authority on Development reintegration activities in southern Sudan. In view (IGAD), resulted in the Machakos Protocol which of the total absence of basic infrastructure, such provided a framework for the cessation of as schools, hospitals and other public service hostilities between the Government of Sudan and facilities, UNHCR must work, more than ever, very the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army closely with all UN/other agencies with expertise (SPLM/A). This initiative created a momentum for in addressing the enormous needs of this complex both parties to engage in a sustainable peace and challenging operation. process. With the recent signing on 26 May 2004 between II. -
Land Tenure Issues in Southern Sudan: Key Findings and Recommendations for Southern Sudan Land Policy
LAND TENURE ISSUES IN SOUTHERN SUDAN: KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SOUTHERN SUDAN LAND POLICY DECEMBER 2010 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Tetra Tech ARD. LAND TENURE ISSUES IN SOUTHERN SUDAN: KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SOUTHERN SUDAN LAND POLICY THE RESULTS OF A RESEARCH COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE SUDAN PROPERTY RIGHTS PROGRAM AND THE NILE INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES DECEMBER 2010 DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. CONTENTS Acknowledgements Page i Scoping Paper Section A Sibrino Barnaba Forojalla and Kennedy Crispo Galla Jurisdiction of GOSS, State, County, and Customary Authorities over Land Section B Administration, Planning, and Allocation: Juba County, Central Equatoria State Lomoro Robert Bullen Land Tenure and Property Rights in Southern Sudan: A Case Study of Section C Informal Settlements in Juba Gabriella McMichael Customary Authority and Traditional Authority in Southern Sudan: A Case Study Section D of Juba County Wani Mathias Jumi Conflict Over Resources Among Rural Communities in Southern Sudan Section E Andrew Athiba Synthesis Paper Section F Sibrino Barnaba Forojalla and Kennedy Crispo Galla ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The USAID Sudan Property Rights Program has supported the Southern Sudan Land Commission in its efforts to undertake consultation and research on land tenure and property rights issues; the findings of these initiatives were used to draft a land policy that is meant to be both legitimate and relevant to the needs of Southern Sudanese citizens and legal rights-holders. -
South Sudan - Crisis Fact Sheet #4, Fiscal Year (Fy) 2019 March 8, 2019
SOUTH SUDAN - CRISIS FACT SHEET #4, FISCAL YEAR (FY) 2019 MARCH 8, 2019 NUMBERS AT USAID/OFDA1 FUNDING HIGHLIGHTS A GLANCE BY SECTOR IN FY 2018 Insecurity in Yei results in unknown number of civilian deaths, prevents 15,000 5% 7% 20% people from receiving aid 7.1 million 7% Estimated People in South Health actors continue EVD awareness Sudan Requiring Humanitarian 10% and screening activities Assistance 19% 2019 Humanitarian Response Plan – WFP conducts first road delivery to 15% December 2018 central Unity 17% Logistics Support & Relief Commodities (20%) Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (19%) HUMANITARIAN FUNDING Health (17%) 6.5 million FOR THE SOUTH SUDAN RESPONSE Nutrition (15%) Estimated People in Need of Protection (10%) Food Assistance in South Sudan Agriculture & Food Security (7%) USAID/OFDA $135,187,409 IPC Technical Working Group – Humanitarian Coordination & Info Management (7%) February 2019 Shelter & Settlements (5%) USAID/FFP $398,226,647 3 State/PRM $91,553,826 1.9 million USAID/FFP2 FUNDING $624,967,8824 Estimated IDPs in BY MODALITY IN FY 2018 1% TOTAL USG HUMANITARIAN FUNDING FOR THE South Sudan SOUTH SUDAN CRISIS IN FY 2018 UN – January 31, 2019 84% 9% 5% U.S. In-Kind Food Aid (84%) 1% $3,756,094,855 Local & Regional Food Procurement (9%) TOTAL USG HUMANITARIAN FUNDING FOR THE Complementary Services (5%) SOUTH SUDAN RESPONSE IN FY 2014–2018, Cash Transfers for Food (1%) INCLUDING FUNDING FOR SOUTH SUDANESE 191,238 Food Vouchers (1%) REFUGEES IN NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES Estimated Individuals Seeking Refuge at UNMISS Bases UNMISS – March 4, 2019 KEY DEVELOPMENTS Ongoing violence between Government of the Republic of South Sudan (GoRSS) and opposition forces near Central Equatoria State’s Yei area has displaced an estimated 2.3 million 7,400 people to Yei town since December and is preventing relief agencies from reaching Estimated Refugees and Asylum more than 15,000 additional people seeking safety outside of Yei, the UN reports. -
C the Impact of Conflict on the Livestock Sector in South Sudan
C The Impact of Conflict on the Livestock Sector in South Sudan ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to express their gratitude to the following persons (from State Ministries of Livestock and Fishery Industries and FAO South Sudan Office) for collecting field data from the sample counties in nine of the ten States of South Sudan: Angelo Kom Agoth; Makuak Chol; Andrea Adup Algoc; Isaac Malak Mading; Tongu James Mark; Sebit Taroyalla Moris; Isaac Odiho; James Chatt Moa; Samuel Ajiing Uguak; Samuel Dook; Rogina Acwil; Raja Awad; Simon Mayar; Deu Lueth Ader; Mayok Dau Wal and John Memur. The authors also extend their special thanks to Erminio Sacco, Chief Technical Advisor and Dr Abdal Monium Osman, Senior Programme Officer, at FAO South Sudan for initiating this study and providing the necessary support during the preparatory and field deployment phases. DISCLAIMER FAO South Sudan mobilized a team of independent consultants to conduct this study. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. COMPOSITION OF STUDY TEAM Yacob Aklilu Gebreyes (Team Leader) Gezu Bekele Lemma Luka Biong Deng Shaif Abdullahi i C The Impact of Conflict on the Livestock Sector in South Sudan TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...I ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................................................... VI NOTES ..................................................................................................................................................................