BULLETIN OF 1 HE POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES EARTH SCIENCES Vol. H No. 2. 1986

GEOLOGY

Paleozoogeography and Paleoecology of the Lower of Poland

by Lidia MALINOWSKA

Presented by W. POZARYSKI on August 7, 1985

Summary. Analysis of macrofauna, especially ammonites of the genus . showed that the whole Polish basin belonged to the Submediterranean province in Early Kimmeridgian times and the zonation used in that province appears also valid for this area. Subordinate Boreal influences are evidenced in northern parts of the country (Peribaltic Syneclize, Pomeranian Basin) by records of scarce ammonites of the genera Zonovia, Amoeboceras, Ringsteadia, and Pictonia. Extent of southern ammonite taxa (Aspidoceras, Katroliceras, Jdoceras, Nebrodites, Glochiceras. and Taramelliceras) appears much wider than hitherto assumed as the taxa have also been found in the Pomeranian and Szczecin Basins and Peribaltic Syneclize. The Polish basin was well connected with the Tethyan whereas its connections with the NW-European were limited, and with eastern ones—broken. The connections with the Boreal seas were due to the existence of the so-called Danish seaway.

Lower Kimmeridgian rocks are widely distributed in Poland (Fig. 1), except for the Leba Elevation, the Sudetes and part of the Fore-Sudetic area, and eastern Poland, where the lack may be in part primary in character. Mudstone-marly rocks predominate in northern Poland, and somewhat more sandy in the east. Towards the south the rocks become marly and limestone-marly and sometimes oolitic. Top parts of the section appear eroded throughout the major part of the Polish basin. The maximum thickness of the strata, about 400 m, has been recorded in axial parts of the basin [18]. Lower Kimmeridgian rocks with fairly good paleontological record, including findings of ammonites of the genus Ataxioceras, are known from drillings in the Szczecin-Mogilno-Lodz Basin, Kujawy Swell, Pomeranian Basin, Peribaltic Syneclize, northern parts of Fore-Sudetic area, and Warsaw Basin. Moreover, they are known from outcrops in the Holy Cross Mts and Cracow-Czestochowa Upland. In the Outer Carpathians, ammonites 166 L. Malinowska

Fig. I. Location of outcrops and boreholes encountering Lower Kimmeridgian strata in Poland; faunal localities after the Author's data, extent of the basin after Niemczycka and Brochwicz-Lewihski [18] 1 areas of predominance of denudation 2 -areas in which Lower Kimmeridgian strata have been removed by subsequent erosion. 3 present extent of Lower Kimmeridgian 4 Carpathian overthrust 5 - boreholes with ammonite record; I -Goldap 1C I. 2 Bartoszyce IG 1 3 -Krynica Morska IG 1 4 Klosnowo IG 1. 5--Lulom I 6 Stobno 3. 7-Stobno 2 8 Tuchola IG I. 9 Chojnice 3 10 Charzykowy IG I. II Nieluszkowo 21 •77. 12 Czlopa 2 13 Czlopa 3 14 Wtjgrowiec IG I 15 .lanowiec 2. 16 Ludomy I. 17 Parkowo I 18 Poznah IG I 19-Klecko 3. 20 Debnica 1. 21-Myslecin 1. 22 Bytyii 2. 23 Lusowo 24 Sroda IG I 25- Sroda IG 2 26 Czcszewo IG I. 27 Gijsiorow 81 74. 2»-Konstancin 77/78. 29 - Kretkow 73'82 33 /.uromin I 5 34 —Kcynia IG IV. 35 Sierpc, S--boreholes in Szamotuly region (Dolega 1 and Zielijtkowo 52). ft as above, in Retchatow region (Chorzenice 62 1. Ziobnica 3 78 Faustynow Duzy 52 17. Folwark 66/26 and 81/82 Lesna Niwa 4015 and Belchatow 38'20: borehole 38 22 Lodz Basil)): 6 outcrops: 30-1 rota now. 31 - Burzenin. 32 -Mstow: 7-extent of Altixhceru.s 8 areas situated beyond the extent of Ataxhceras; data from the literature: I Ciechocinek region (boreholes Aleksandrow Otloczyn Siarzewo). II Klodawa region (Borow. Pectawice TW 4) III -Leczyca region (Zagioba. Gora Sw. Mafgorzaty). IV Radomsko (Smotryszow. Rogaszyn) of the genus Ataxioceras have been reported from exotics occurring in the Carpathian Flysch, and outcrops in the Pieniny Klippen Belt. In the remaining parts of the country this guide fauna of the Lower Kimmeridgian remains unknown and biostratigraphic subdivision of the strata is based on records of ammonites of other genera, foraminifers, bivalves, etc. Stratigraphy of the Lower Kimmeridgian of Poland was discussed in Paleozoogeography and Paleovcology 167 detail in relevant part of The Geology of Poland [9], where there may also be found a summary of views on biostratigraphy of these strata. Moreover, strata of that age were covered in the last decades by detailed paleontological studies in some parts of the country [4, 13, 5, 15-17, 23-25]. Lower Kimmeridgian rocks were originating in sublittoral environment of a generally not deep basin stretching between land areas of the East-European Platform and Bohemian Massif and a land in western part of the country [18]. Some, often local bathymetric zones may be traced in this basin mainly on the basis of differences in paleontological assemblages and types of sediments. Lower Kimmeridgian sections often display some gaps. This is especially the case of upper parts of the K. divisum zone (see also [29]). The gaps may be explained as due to oscillations and related uplift of seafloor and erosion, varying in intensity from one area to another. Thus it follows that we are dealing here with paleontological record for more or less incomplete parts of the section. Stratigraphic ranges of the identified fauna show that we may expect the presence of strata of the K. divisum zone almost throughout the area of present extent of the Lower Kimmeridgian. The maximum thickness of the strata (45 m) has been found in the borehole Kcynia IG IV but there remains an open question whether or not this section is complete as the strata are overlain by the Paleogene. This phenomenon is not limited to the area of Poland, being also known from north-western Europe. Therefore its extent may be wider than hitherto assumed. Limestone-marly rocks with ooids, pseudoooids and oncoids are widely distributed in eastern and south-eastern Poland. The sections often display intercalations of coquinas and pisolites, plant remains, as well as numerous styliolites, slickensides and erosional surfaces. The fauna is here represented by bivalves, gastropods, and brachiopods whereas ammonites are missing or very scarce. Sedimentary environment of the strata was undoubtedly extremely shallow and characterized by high water turbulence, i.e. favourable for origin of ooids and oncoids. Such conditions were appropriate for the development of benthic fauna but not the nectic, including ammonites. Ammonites are becoming markedly more frequent at the western margin of the Holy Cross Mts where such strata begin to be intercalated by chalky and pelitic limestones. The available data show that conditions favourable for the development of ammonite fauna were those of moderate water turbulence whereas depth of basin was of minor importance (in the case of inland basins). Such favourable conditions presumably prevailed in the axial part of the Polish basin, comprising the Fore-Sudetic area and Szczecin-Mogilno-Lodz Basins, 168 L. Malinowska characterized by predominance of mudstone-marly and marly limestone rocks with intercalations of marly shales and coquinas. The rocks appear very rich in both nectic and benthic fossils, the shares of which vary from one zone to another.

TABLE

Correlation of ammonite zonations of the Lower Kimmeridgian in the Submediterranean and Boreal provinces

F.R.G. (SW part) ENGLAND Northern U.S.S.R.

(F0.CIIII.I3EI: B.Ziegltr. 1974 ) (B.M.Coi. R.W.Gillils. (M.S.Mesezniukoi. G RDism 1981) 1973)

Katroliceras Katroliceras

divisum (pars ) Beds zone Rasenia Rase n i a

cymodoce bo rea1i s Ataxioceras Ataxioceras Bed s zone zone s. str. hypselocyclum

h Beds zone KIMMERIDGIA N

Sutneria Pi cto n i a KIMMERIDGIA N Rasen ia Sutneria L platynota bayle i involu ta Ataxiocera s zone Beds zone

zone LOWE R LOWE R

Upper Oxfordian Oxford i an Oxfordian P

The axial part of the Polish basin was characterized by vivid development of benthic fauna in Early Kimmeridgian times. Benthic assemblages, found in the axial part mainly, consist of bivalves of the genera Trichites, Barbatia, Lima, Chlamys, Macrodon, Modiola, Anisocardia, Pleuromya, Pholadomya, Gervillia, Arcomya, Cardium, Lucina, Mytilus. Goniomya, Pinna, Ostrea. Camptonectes, Astarte, Exogyra, and Pseudomonotis, Shells of these bivalves are the major component of coquinas known in vast areas from all the zones of the Lower Kimmeridgian. The Exogyra coquinas and marked concentrations of Astarte shells known from the A. hypselocyclum zone are especially characteristic. Moreover, concentrations of Pseudomonotis and other shells well delineate lower boundary of the K. divisum zone, similarly as in south-German [12]. The assemblages also comprise scarce gastropods (Nerinea, Nerinella, Pseudonerinea, and Pleurotomaria). brachiopods (Septaliphoria, Zeilleria, and Sellithyris), crinoid stems {Pentacrinus, Balan- ocrinus, and Millericrinus), echinoid spines {Echinus and Cidaris), serpulids (Cycloserpula), and crab remains. Fauna found in mudstone-marly and sandy strata in northern Poland does not differ in composition from that mentioned above, which suggests PLATE 1 PLATE II PLATE III

PLATE V PLATE VI Explanation to Plates:

PLATE I

Fig. 1. Ataxioceras (Parataxioceras) oppeli Geyer, the A. hypselocyclum zone, borehole Tuchola IG 1 (Pomeranian Basin), depth 1318.5 m, specimen No. MUZ IG 1564. II. 1.

Fig. 2. Taramelliceras (Metahaploceras) subnereus Wegele, the S. platynota- A. hypselocyclum junction beds, borehole as above, depth 1320.0 m, MUZ IG 1564.II.2.

Fig. 3. Ataxioceras (Parataxioceras) lothari (Oppel), the A. hypselocyclum zone. Trojanow locality (Fore-Sudetic area). MUZ IG 1564.11.3

All figures nat. size, unless staled otherwise PLATE II

Fig. 1. Ataxioceras (Ataxioceras) discoboloides Geyer. the A. hypselocyclum zone, borehole Sroda IG 1 (Fore-Sudetic area), depth 289.4 m, MUZ IG 1563.11.40

Fig. 2. A. (A.) discobolum (Fontannes), the A. hypselocyclum zone, borehole as above, depth 260.2 m, MUZ IG 1564.JI.4

Fig. 3. A. (Parataxioceras) cf. inconditum (Fontannes), the A. hypselocyclum zone, borehole Kcynia IG IV (Mogilno Basin) depth 220.0 m, MUZ IG 441.11.108 Fig. 4. A. (Ataxioceras) genuinum Schneid, the A. hypselocyclum zone, Trojanow locality (Fore-Sudetic area), MUZ IG 1564.II.5

Fig. 5. Rasenia (?) cf. coronata Mesezhnikov. the A. hypselocyclum zone, borehole Folwark 80/81 (Lodz Basin), depth 120.6 m, x2. MUZ IG 1564.II.6

Fig. 6. Amoeboceras (Amoebites) kapffl (Oppel), the S. platynota zone, borehole Krynica Morska IG 1 (Peribaltic Depression), depth 517.2 m, MUZ IG 1564.11.7

PLATE III

Fig. 1. Ataxioceras (Ataxioceras) eudiscinum Schneid, the A. hypselocyclum zone, borehole Janowiec 2 (Mogilno Basin), depth 829.2 m, MUZ IG 1564.II.8

Fig. 2. A. (A.) sp. A, the A. hypselocyclum zone, borehole Sroda IG 1 (Fore-Sudetic area), depth 396.2 m. MUZ IG 1563.11.16 Fig. 3. Streblites tenuilobatus (Oppel), the K. divisum zone, borehole Kcynia IG IV (Mogilno Basin), depth 190.76 m, MUZ IG 441.11.37 Fig. 4. Ataxioceras (Parataxioceras) sp. B, the A. hypselocyclum zone, borehole as above. depth 3164 m, MUZ IG 441.11.215

Fig. 5. A. (Schneidia) sp., the S. platynota zone, borehole as above, depth 334.4 m. MUZ IG 441.11.216

PLATE IV

Fig. 1. Ataxioceras (Ataxioceras) nudocrassatum Geyer. the A. hypselocyclum zone, borehole Janowiec 2 (Mogilno Basin), depth 829.3 m, MUZ IG 1564.II.9 Fig. 2. Rasenia (Semirasenia) moeschi (Oppel), the A. hypselocyclum zone, borehole Bartoszyce IG 1 (Peribaltic Depression), depth 523.6 m, MUZ IG 1564.11.10 Fig. 3. Ringsleadia weinlandi (Fischer), the S. platynota zone, borehole Krynica Morska IG i (Peribaltic Depression), depth 504.6 m, MUZ IG 1564.11.11 Fig. 4. Ataxioceras {Parataxioceras) paraboliferum Geyer. the A. hypselocyclum zone, borehole Sroda IG 1 (Fore-Sudetic area), depth 457.1 m, MUZ IG 1564.11.12 Fig. 5. Taramelliceras {Metahaploceras) kobyi wegelei Schairer, the S. platynota zone, borehole Krynica Morska IG 1 (Peribaltic Depression), depth 504.6 m. MUZ IG 1564.11.13

PLATE V

Fig. 1. Glochiceras (Lingulaticeras) sp.. the A. hypselocyclum zone, borehole Stobno 3 (Pomeranian Basin), depth 1180.6 m, MUZ IG 1564.11.14 Fig. 2. Ataxioceras (Ataxioceras) involutum Geyer. the K. divisum zone, borehole Sroda IG 1 (Fore-Sudetic area), depth 164.0 m. MUZ IG 1564.11.15 Fig. 3. A. (Parataxioceras) pseudoeffrenatum Wegele. the A. hypselocyclum zone, borehole Janowiec 2 (Mogilno Basin), depth 831.2 m. MUZ IG 1564.11.16 Fig. 4. A. (P.) sp. A, the hypselocyclum zone, borehole Stobno 3 (Pomeranian Basin). depth 1179.7 m, MUZ IG 1564.11.17 Fig. 5. A. (P.) cf. nendingenense Geyer, the A. hypselocyclum zone, borehole Befchatow 38/20 (Lodz Basin), depth 218.3 m, MUZ IG 1564.11.18

PLATE VI

Fig. 1. Nebrodites (Nebrodites) hospes minor (Quenstedt), the K. divisum zone, borehole Czlopa 2 (Szczecin Basin) depth 968.8 m. MUZ IG 1564.11.19 Fig. 2. N. (/y.) cf. doublieri (d'Orbigny), the A. hypselocyclum zone, borehole Janowiec 2 (Mogilno Basin), depth 830.9 m, MUZ IG 1564.11.20 Fig. 3. Ataxioceras (Ataxioceras) involutum Geyer. the K. divisum zone, borehole Kcynia IG IV (Mogilno Basin), depth 179.0 m. MUZ IG 1564.II.2 Figs. 4, 5. Zonovia thurrelli (Arkell et Callomon), the K. divisum zone, 4: borehole Stobno 3 (Pomeranian Basin), depth 1179.8 m, 5: borehole Tuchola IG 1 (Pomeranian Basin), depth 1264.7 m, MUZ IG 1564.11.22 Paleozoogeography anil Puleoecology 169 that water turbulence was also moderate there. In these areas there have also been recorded ammonites, numerous bivalves, and brachiopods. Attention should be paid to very good preservation of representatives of Goniomya, Pinna, and Camptonectes. The representatives of Pinna give support to the opinion of Fiirsich [7] about especially vivid development of this genus in sandy sediments. The classic stratigraphic subdivision for south-German Jurassic [10, 27, 26) has been accepted for the Lower Kimmeridgian of Poland. This subdivision is well correlable with the English [1] and Soviet (Boreal) [14] ones. In Poland biostratigraphy of these strata is based on the records of ammonites of the genera Ataxioceras, Nebrodites, Katroliceras, Glochiceras, Streblites, Taramelliceras, Idoceras, Sutneria, Orthospinctes, Lithacoceras. Aspidoceras, Amoeboceras, Ringsteadia, Rasenia, Pictonia, and Zonovia. The character of the above ammonite fauna indicates that the Polish basin belonged to the Submediterranean province in the Early Kimmeridgian. Influences of the Boreal province appear limited to northern Poland, where they are evidenced by scarce ammonites of the genera Zonovia, Amo­ eboceras, Ringsteadia and Pictonia (the study of which is in progress) in strata of the S. platynota and A. hypselocyclum zones. Sections of the K. divisum zone are so fragmentary that it is difficult to make any unequivocal statements on provincial affiliation of their ammonite fauna. However, the fauna recorded in lower parts of this zone in the borehole Kcynia IG IV shows predominantly Submediterranean character, similarly as in the case of the remaining zones of the Lower Kimmeridgian. In analysis of individual Submediterranean ammonite zones, which have been differentiated for the first time in south-German sections (Weisser

Jura }'i-3). there arises a question of differences in composition of fauna known from these sections and that recorded in the Polish part of the Jurassic basin. The latter mainly differs from the former in Boreal influences traceable in northern Poland, wider than the hitherto assumed northward extent of Mediterranean taxa, and the presence of representatives of the subgenus Amoebites in lower and middle zones of the Lower Kimmeridgian. The differences are clear but, nevertheless, insufficient to justify the use of any other subdivision than that mentioned above. The available data give support to the Geyer [10] interpretation, according to which Boreal areas of northern Europe, characterized by ammonites of the genus Rasenia (and the lack of Ataxioceras and Nebrodites), are separated from the southern ones with Nebrodites (but without Rasenia and Ataxioceras) by the Submediterranean area with Rasenia, Ataxioceras and Nebrodites. Geyer assigned to the latter area south-western Poland, southern Germany, Rhone Valley, and Portugal. Further studies showed that ammonites of the genus Ataxioceras cooccur with Nebrodites and katroliceras in southern 170 L. Malinowska

Spain [19], Bulgaria [21] and Romania [3]. Rasenia is missing in these regions so they may be best interpreted as more southern parts of the Submediterranean province. The interpretation of distribution of individual genera in the Boreal and Submediterranean provinces, presented by Geyer [10], requires modifica­ tion. According to that author, northern Poland belonged to the Boreal pro­ vince, and the southern to the Submediterranean. The available data show that this interpretation is no longer valid and the whole Polish basin belonged to the Submediterranean province in the Early Kimmeridgian. This point of view is well supported by the record of ammonites of the Submediterranean genera in northern parts of the country: ammonites of the genera Assidoceras. Katroliceras and Glochiceras were found in the Pomeranian Basin, Idoceras and Nebrodites in the Szczecin Basin, and Taramelliceras in the Pomeranian Basin and Peribaltic Syneclize (Fig. 2).

As

Fig. 2. Extent of marine basins in Poland and adjacent areas in the Early Kimmeridgian and northward extent of Sub- and Mediterranean ammonites in Poland I land areas. 2 (he northernmost records of the ammonites: N \chroiiue*. K Kcilrolucvas. 1 --Idoceras, As- Aspidoceras. G -iilochiccras. ~\ larutnclliccrtts A - Ataxioceras: 1 direction of migration of Boreal fauna. 4-- direction of migration of Sub- and Mediterranean fauna

Assignation of northern Poland to the Subboreal province appears also invalid because of very weak Boreal influences in that area, weaker than the southern ones. This is especially the case of the genus Nebrodites. The northward extent of that genus shown by Ziegler [28] in a synthetic study of biostratigraphy and provincialism should be corrected as he assumed that Paleozoogeography and Paleoecology 171

this genus does not occur north of the Cracow-Wieluri Upland and margins of the Holy Cross Mts. In the Early Kimmeridgian the Polish basin was well connected with the Tethyan, which is evidenced by the presence of the subgenus Schneidia, highly typical of the Lower Kimmeridgian of southern France [2], in strata of the S. platynota zone in the Mogilno Basin. A land area marked in Early Kimmeridgian times in western Poland [6, 18] was impeding communication between the Polish basin and the NW-European, and land areas from western part of the East-European Platform precluded any direct contact with those from the east [22]. The contact between the Polish basin and Boreal areas was provided by a narrow seaway, the so-called Danish seaway, which made possible southern migration of ammonites of the genera Zonovia, Amoeboceras, Pictonia and Ringsteadia. The presence of the genus Zonovia ( = Xenostephanus) is especially characteristic here. It has been found in northern Poland (Peribaltic Syneclize and Pomeranian Basin) which makes it necessary to draw its southern boundary further to the south than hitherto assumed [28]. Lower Kimmeridgian strata found in the southern part of the Baltic Shield [11] are represented by a 12-44 m thick packet of mudstones with intercalations of gray to black clays. In these rocks mainly occur ammonites of the genus Rasenia, assigned to R. (Rasenioides) cf. lepidula (Oppel) and R. (Semirasenia) cf. askepta Ziegler, by L. Rotkite. Up to the present, Ataxioceras and Nebrodites remain unknown from that area. However, it should be noted that in the recent Soviet literature [14, 20] there may be found references to the records of ammonites identified by Frebold [8] as Divisosphinctes lacertosus (Fontannes) ( = Katroliceras) and Cardioceras cricki Salfeld ( = Amoebites) in the Kaliningrad area. The ammonites have been found in glacial erratics possibly brought by an icesheet from Lithuania. If the above identification is confirmed it would mean that the extent of the genus Katroliceras and possibly some other southern taxa was still wider to the north than assumed here (Fig. 2).

INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY, RAKOWIECKA 4. 02-089 WARSAW (INSTYTUT GEOLOGICZNY. WARSZAWA)

REFERENCES

[1] W. J. Arkell, Jurassic geology of the world, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh-London, 1956. [2] F. Atrops, La sous-famille des Ataxioceratinae () dans le Kimmeridgien inferieur du sud-est de la France, Documents des Laboratoires de geologie Lyon, Departement des Sciences de la Terre, Universite Claude-Bernard, Lyon, 1982. [3] A. Barbulescu. Stratigrafla jurasicului din vestul Centrale, Academia Rep. Soc. Romania. Bucuresti. 1974. 172 L. Malinowska

[4] W. Barczyk, Le jurassique de Sule/ow [in Polish], Acta Geol. Pol.. 11. No. I (1961). 3-102. [5] Z. Dqbrowska. On Lower Kimmeridgian ammonites from Ilia (NE margin of the Holy Cross Mts), Bull. Pol. Ac: Earth Sc.. 31 (1983). 75 78. [6] J. Dembowska. The stratigraphy of four boreholes from vicinity of Kcynia (Northern Poland) [in Polish]. Bull. Inst. Geol.. 175 (1964). 7-86. [7] F. T. Furasich. Fauna-substrate relationships in the Corallian of England and Normandy. Lethaia, 9, No. 4 (1976) 343 356, Oslo. [8] H. Frebold, Uhlerer Kimmeridge in ostpreussischen Geschieben. Neues Jahrb. f. Min. Geol. Pal., 54, (1926), Abt. A. Stuttgart. [9] Geology of Poland, vol. 1. Stratigraphy, Part Mesozoic. Wyd. Geol.. Warsaw, 1976. [10] F". O. Geyer, Monographie der des unteren Unterkimmeridgium (Weisser Jura gamma. Badenerschichten) im suddeutschen Jura, Palaeontographica. Abt. A 117 (1961). [11] A. A. Grigelis. L. M. Rotkyte. Kimeridzhskii varus Pribaltits. DAN SSSR. 198 No. 4 (1971), 905-907. [12] H. Holder Jura. Stratigraphische Geologic. Bd. IV. Ferdinand Enke Verlag. Stuttgart, 1964. [13] L. Karczewski Fauna and stratigraphy of the Malm in the Vicinity of Radomsko (Central Poland) (Summary). Biul. Inst. Geol. 192 (1967). 97-129. [14] G. Ya. Krimholz (ed.), Yurskaya si sterna. Stratigrafiya SSR. Akademia Nauk SSR. Ministerstwo Geologii, Moscow. 1972. [15] J. Kutek, Le Kimeridgien el le Bononien de Stobnica (Resume). Acta Geol. Pol., 11. No. 1 (1961). 103-156. [16J J. Kutek. The Kimmeridgian and Uppermost Oxfordian in the SIV Margins of tin Holy Cross Mts (Central Poland). Part. I. Stratigraphy (Summary), ibid. 18. No. 3 (1968). 493-574. [17] L. Malinowska. Remarks on the occurrence of Ataxioceras forms within deposits of the Czestochowa Jurassic (in Polish) Przegl. Geol.. No. 10 (1964). 426. Warszawa. [18] T. Niemczycka, W, Brochwicz-Lewiiiski. Map of paleothickness and fades of the Kimmeridgian (in Polish). Arch. Geol. Inst.. Warsaw. [19] F. Oloriz, Kimmeridgiense-Tithonico inferior en el sector central de las Cordilleras Beticas (Zona Subbeticu). Paleontotogia. Bioestratigrafia. Tesis doctorales de la Univcrsidad de Granada. 184, Facullad de Ciencias Departamento de Paleontologia. Granada. 1978. [20] L. M. Rotkyte. I'ozdnekimeridzhskie ammonify Pribaltiki. Biul. Mosk. O-wa Isp. Prir. Otd. Geol.. 57. No. 1 (1982), 97-107. [21] I. G. Sapunov. Les fossiles de Bulgarie. III. Jurassique superieur. Ammonoides. \cademie Bulgare des Sciences. Sofia. 1979. [22] 1. G. Sasonova. N. 1. Sasonov. Paleogeografiya russkoy platformy v yurskoyc i rannemielovyje vremia. Nedra. Leningrad, 1967. [23] A. Wierzbowski. The Lower Kimmeridgian in the Czestochowa region. Acta Geol. Pol.. 14. No. 1 (1964), 151 165. [24] A. Wierzbowski. Upper Oxfordian and Lower Kimmeridgian of the Wieluh Upland. ibid. 16. No. 2 (1966), 127 193. [25] A. Wilczyhski. La stratigraphie du Jurassique superieur a Czarnoglowy el Swictoszvwo. ibid.. 12. No. I (1962). 3-112. [26] A. Zeiss. Jurassic stratigraphy of Frankonia. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde. Ser. B.. No. 31. Stuttgrat. 1977. [27] B. Ziegler. The "White" (Upper) Jurassic in southern Germany, ibid.. No. 26. [28] B. Ziegler, Ammonoid biastratigraphy and provincialism: Jurassic-old world. Systematics Association Special Volume No. 18, Academic Press. London-New York. 1980. pp. 433-457. Paleozoogeography and Paleoecology 173

[29] P. Hantzpergue. Greater sedimentary unconformities in the western European Kimmeridgian: relations between sedimentary and biologic events. Int. Symp. on Jurassic Stratigraphy. Erlangen. Sept. 1-8. 1984. vol. III. Copenhagen. 1984. pp. 685-693.

JI. MajiHHOBCKa. ria.ieo3ooieorpa

AH3JIH3 MaKpo4>ayHM, B TOM BHfle Ataxioceras, no3BOJimi onpeflejiHTb pacoojioaceHHe HHJKHe- KHMepHflMCCKoro 6acceflHa FIojibiiiH nojiHocTbio B npeAejie cy6MeflnTepaHCKofi npoBHHUHH H yziepMaHHa mn 3TOH npoBHHUHH ropH30HTOs: S. platynota, A. hypselocyclum, K. divisum. B ceBepubix paitonax cTpaHU (npH6ajmiHCKoe nonM>KeHne, noinopcKaa Myjib/ia) ycTaHOBJieitu He3HaiiHTejibHbie (bayHHCTHHecKjie 6opeajibHbie BJIHHHHH B mae HeMHorux npeacTaBHTenefi ponoB: Zonavia, Amoeboceras, Ringsteadia H Pictonia, a TaK*e 6ojiee UIHPOKH npeaeji K ceBepy (noMopcKaa Myjibfla, meTHHCKaa Myjrwta, npn6ajiTHHcicoe nomweHHe) KMKHMX aMMo- mnoB (Aspidoceras, Katroliceras, Idoceras, Nebrodites, Glochiceras. Taramelliceras). 3TOT Oucceiin nMe.i cBo6oxtHoe coeaHHeHHe c TeTHaoft. c 6acceftHOM ceBepo-BOCTOMHoft EBponw 3TOT KomaKT 6btJi 3aTpyflHeH, a c BOCTOKOM nojinocTbKJ HeB03M0)KeH. FlojibCKHH 6acceiiH KOHTaKTHpOBaji c 6opeajibHoft 30HOH tax Has. „jtaTCK0H aoporott".