History of Britain from the Restoration to 1783

HIS 334J (39245) & EUS 346 (36243) Fall Semester 2016

Charles II of England in Coronation Robes Pulling Down the Statue of George III at Bowling John Michael Wright, c. 1661-1662 Green in Lower Manhattan William Walcutt, 1857

JGB 2.218 Tuesday & Thursday, 12:30 – 2:00 PM

Instructor James M. Vaughn [email protected] Office: Garrison 3.218 (ph. 512-232-8268) Office Hours: Thursday, 2:30 – 4:30 PM, and by appointment

Teaching Assistant Andrew Wilkins [email protected] Office: The Cactus Cafe in the Texas Union building Office Hours: Tuesday, 2:00 – 4:00 PM, and by appointment

Course Description This lecture course surveys the history of England and, after the union with Scotland in 1707, Great Britain from the English Revolution and the restoration of the Stuart monarchy (c. 1640-1660) to the War of American Independence (c. 1775-1783). The kingdom underwent a remarkable transformation during this period, with a powerful monarchy, a persecuting state church, a traditional society, and an agrarian economy giving way to parliamentary rule, religious toleration and pluralism, a dynamic civil society, and a commercial and manufacturing-based economy on the eve of industrialization. How and why did this transformation take place?

1 Over the course of the same period, Great Britain emerged as a leading European and world power with a vast commercial and territorial empire stretching across four continents. How and why did this island kingdom off the northwestern coast of Europe, geopolitically insignificant for much of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, become a Great Power and acquire a global empire in the eighteenth century? How did it do so while remaining a free and open society? This course explores these questions as well as others.

Global Cultures Flag This course carries the Global Cultures flag. Global Cultures courses are designed to increase your familiarity with cultural groups outside the United States. You should therefore expect a substantial portion of your grade to come from assignments covering the practices, beliefs, and histories of at least one non- U.S. cultural group, past or present.

Academic Conduct Students are required to uphold the standards of academic integrity set by the University of Texas at Austin. The standards and regulations for academic integrity are available online at: http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/history/about/academic-integrity.php

All work must be your own and all cases of plagiarism will automatically result in a failing grade for the course as a whole. There will be no deadline extensions or incomplete grades unless the instructor is presented with a legitimate and documented excuse in advance of the relevant due date.

Students with Disabilities Students with disabilities may request appropriate academic accommodations from the Division of Diversity and Community Engagement, Services for Students with Disabilities (512-471-6259). If you require additional assistance, please inform the instructor so that proper arrangements can be made.

Assignments and Assessment Mid-Term Essay Exam I (30%): A take-home essay exam focusing on major themes and topics examined in the lectures and readings for the course thus far will be handed out on Thursday, October 6. You will be provided with several essay questions and are required to answer one of them. Your essay exam must be uploaded to Canvas before midnight on Monday, October 10.

Mid-Term Essay Exam II (30%): A take-home essay exam focusing on major themes and topics examined in the lectures and readings for the course thus far will be handed out on Thursday, November 3. You will be provided with

2 several essay questions and are required to answer one of them. Your essay exam must be uploaded to Canvas before midnight on Monday, November 7.

Final Essay Exam (40%): A take-home essay exam focusing on major themes and topics examined in the lectures and readings for the entire course will be handed out on Thursday, December 1. You will be provided with several essay questions and are required to answer two of them. Your essay exam must be uploaded to Canvas before midnight on Friday, December 9.

All exams are graded on a scale from 0 to 100. The numerical grades are converted into letter grades as follows:

93 to 100: A 73 to 76: C 90 to 92: A– 70 to 72: C– 87 to 89: B+ 67 to 69: D+ 83 to 86: B 63 to 66: D 80 to 82: B– 60 to 62: D– 77 to 79: C+ Below 60: F

Please note that plus/minus grades (e.g., A-, B+, C-, etc.) will be assigned for the final grade in this course.

Required Texts (available for purchase at the University Co-op) 1. Paul Kléber Monod, Imperial Island: A History of Britain and Its Empire, 1660- 1837 (Wiley-Blackwell, 2009). 2. Steven C. A. Pincus, England’s Glorious Revolution, 1688-1689: A Brief History with Documents (Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2006).

Schedule of Lectures and Readings * This schedule is subject to change. *

In addition to the required texts, there are assigned readings available as Adobe PDFs or via website links on Canvas. The readings available on Canvas are marked with the label “[Canvas].”

The readings assigned for this course include both primary and secondary sources. The secondary (or textbook) sources provide background information for the lectures. The primary sources will be referred to in the lectures. For the essay exams, you are expected to refer to and quote from the assigned readings (both primary and secondary sources).

Thursday, August 25 Introduction No readings.

3 Tuesday, August 30 England under the Tudors and early Stuarts Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 1-12.

Thursday, September 1 The world turned upside down: the English Revolution of the mid- seventeenth century 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 12-16. 2. R. R. Palmer and Joel Colton, A History of the Modern World, pp. 169-176 [Canvas].

Tuesday, September 6 The world turned right side up: the return of the Stuart monarchy 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 61-62. 2. The Declaration of Breda (1660) [Canvas].

Thursday, September 8 Was the world really turned right side up?: Politics and public opinion in Restoration England 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 49-60. 2. Steve Pincus, “’Coffee Politicians Does Create’: Coffeehouses and Restoration Political Culture,” Journal of Modern History, Vol. 67, No. 4 (December 1995): 807- 834 [Canvas]. Please note: this article is not contained in the required Pincus book; it is available on the course’s Canvas site.

Tuesday, September 13 Great Power rivalry after Westphalia: Bourbon France, the Dutch Republic, and the balance of power in Europe R. R. Palmer and Joel Colton, A History of the Modern World, pp. 161-169 and 182- 197 [Canvas].

Thursday, September 15 Social and economic change in the later seventeenth century, Part I: England’s “Great Divergence” and the consolidation of capitalist agriculture Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 17-27.

Tuesday, September 20 Social and economic change in the later seventeenth century, Part II: Commercialization, urbanization, and the rise of the public sphere 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 27-48. 2. Pincus, England’s Glorious Revolution, 1688-1689, pp. 55-64 and 66-68.

4 Thursday, September 22 English overseas expansion and the imperial state 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 78-79 and 82-95. 2. Pincus, England’s Glorious Revolution, 1688-1689, pp. 64-66. 3. Excerpts from Nicholas Barbon, A Discourse of Trade (1690) [Canvas].

Tuesday, September 27 Scotland from Cromwell’s conquest to the union with England No readings.

Thursday, September 29 Political conflict and the rise of parties in Restoration England, c. 1660-1685 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 61-68. 2. Pincus, England’s Glorious Revolution, 1688-1689, pp. 139-145.

Tuesday, October 4 The absolutist project of James II in theory and practice, c. 1685-1688 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 68-70 and 79-82. 2. Steve Pincus, “Chapter Six: The Practice of Catholic Modernity,” in Steve Pincus, 1688: The First Modern Revolution, pp. 143-178 [Canvas]. Please note: this chapter is not contained in the required Pincus book; it is available on the course’s Canvas site. 3. Pincus, England’s Glorious Revolution, 1688-1689, pp. 11-15, 71-74, 82-86, 102- 107, and 132-137.

Thursday, October 6 The Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the defeat of Stuart absolutism 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 70-77 and 97-104. 2. Pincus, England’s Glorious Revolution, 1688-1689, pp. 1-11, 15-33, and 37-49.

Tuesday, October 11 The revolutionary transformation of England: the struggle against Louis XIV’s France, the Financial Revolution, and the origins of the parliamentary supremacy, c. 1688-1702 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 104-109. 2. Pincus, England’s Glorious Revolution, 1688-1689, pp. 69-71, 75-82, 94-102, and 112-123.

Thursday, October 13 Post-revolutionary England and the early European Enlightenment: John Locke and the vision of a new society Pincus, England’s Glorious Revolution, 1688-1689, pp. 147-167.

5 Tuesday, October 18 Queen Anne’s reign, the War of the Spanish Succession, and the making of Great Britain, c. 1702-1710 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 109-116. 2. Daniel Defoe, “The True-Born Englishman” (1701) [Canvas].

Thursday, October 20 Counter-Revolution?: the Tory triumph and the Peace of Utrecht, c. 1710-1714 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 117-121. 2. Jonathan Swift, The Examiner, No. 13 (1710) [Canvas].

Tuesday, October 25 The Hanoverian Succession and the threat of civil war, c. 1714-1722 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 122-131. 2. Benjamin Hoadly, The Nature of the Kingdom, or Church, of Christ (1717) [Canvas].

Thursday, October 27 Robert Walpole and the consolidation of the Whig Supremacy, c. 1720-1742 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 145-152. 2. J. H. Plumb, England in the Eighteenth Century, pp. 11-67 [Canvas].

Tuesday, November 1 Commercial society and cultural enlightenment in Whig Britain 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 170-184. 2. Joseph Addison, The Spectator, No. 69 (1711) [Canvas]. 3. Excerpts from Daniel Defoe, A Tour thro’ the Whole Island of Great Britain (1724) [Canvas]. 4. Voltaire, Letters Concerning the English Nation (1733), pp. 33-43, 54-66, and 98- 100 [Canvas].

Thursday, November 3 The Whig Oligarchy and the Patriot opposition, c. 1725-1742 1. J. H. Plumb, England in the Eighteenth Century, pp. 68-73 [Canvas]. 2. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 152-157. 3. Excerpts from Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke, The Idea of a Patriot King (1738) [Canvas].

Tuesday, November 8 The War of the Austrian Succession and the post-Walpole political world, c. 1742-1754 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 157-163. 2. Excerpts from John Perceval, Earl of Egmont, Faction Detected, by the Evidence of Facts (1743) [Canvas].

6 Thursday, November 10 The Great War for Empire: William Pitt (the Elder), radical Whiggery, and Britain’s global victory, c. 1754-1761 1. Benjamin Franklin, “Join or Die” (1754) [Canvas]. 2. Benjamin Franklin, “Three Letters to Governor Shirley” (1754) [Canvas]. 3. J. H. Plumb, England in the Eighteenth Century, pp. 105-115 [Canvas]. 4. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 163-169 and 190-204. 5. Benjamin Franklin, “Letter to Lord Kames” (1760) [Canvas].

Tuesday, November 15 The accession of George III, the Peace of Paris, and the new imperialism in North America and South Asia, c. 1760-1765 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 205-215. 2. King George III, “Speech from the Throne” (1760) [Canvas]. 3. John Wilkes, The North Briton, No. 45 (1763) [Canvas]. 4. J. H. Plumb, England in the Eighteenth Century, pp. 116-123 [Canvas]. 5. Robert Clive, “Letter to Secretary of State William Pitt” (1759) [Canvas]. 6. Thomas C. Barrow, “A Project for Imperial Reform: ‘Hints Respecting the Settlement for our American Provinces,’ 1763,” The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol. 24, No. 1 (January 1967): 108-126 [Canvas].

Thursday, November 17 The decline of the Whig Supremacy: radical Whiggery, the new Toryism, and the crisis of the First British Empire, c. 1760-1775, Part I 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 215-221. 2. William Dowdeswell, “Letter to the Marquis of Rockingham” (1768) [Canvas]. 3. Excerpts from George Grenville’s parliamentary speech on the motion for expelling John Wilkes from the House of Commons (1769) [Canvas]. 4. Debate in the House of Commons on John Wilkes’s motion “for a more equal representation of the people in Parliament“ (1776), in The Parliamentary History of England, Vol. 18: 1774-1777 (London, 1813), pp. 1,286-1,298 [Canvas]. 5. Major John Cartwright, “The Need for Radical Reform” (1776) [Canvas].

Tuesday, November 22 The decline of the Whig Supremacy: radical Whiggery, the new Toryism, and the crisis of the First British Empire, c. 1760-1775, Part II 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 222-227. 2. Benjamin Franklin, “Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One” (1773) [Canvas]. 3. Excerpts from Samuel Johnson, Taxation No Tyranny; An Answer to the Resolutions and Address of the American Congress (1775) [Canvas]. 4. John Wilkes’s speeches in the House of Commons on crisis and war in North America (1775), in The Parliamentary History of England, Vol. 18: 1774-1777 (London, 1813), pp. 234-244 [Canvas].

7 Thursday, November 24 Thanksgiving holiday.

Tuesday, November 29 The American Revolution, or the Civil War of the British Empire, c. 1775-1783 1. Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 227-237. 2. King George III, “Royal Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition in North America” (1775) [Canvas]. 3. Second Continental Congress, “The Declaration of Independence” (1776) [Canvas]. 4. King George III, “Letter to Lord North” (1778) [Canvas]. 5. Jack P. Greene, “William Knox’s Explanation for the American Revolution,” The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol. 30, No. 2 (April 1973): 293-306 [Canvas].

Thursday, December 1 The triumph of the new Toryism in Britain, the making of the Second British Empire, and the coming of the Industrial Revolution Monod, Imperial Island, pp. 237-295 and 376-381.

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