Planokc Comprehensive Plan
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planokc Comprehensive Plan Health Impact Assessment BRIEF HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT In an attempt gauge the effectiveness of the major Increase access to fresh healthy produce. Many planokc components as they relate to community health neighborhoods in Oklahoma City have relatively in Oklahoma City, a Health Impact Assessment (HIA) poor access to healthy food choices. Increasing the was completed to evaluate the potential for various city- variety of and access to healthy food through urban wide development patterns to influence opportunities farms, community gardens, and better access to stores related to health. It is widely understood that how a with healthy food will have direct health benefits for city grows affects the people and businesses who call it individuals and the community. home. The HIA evaluates whether one of those effects is health, and if so, which aspects of health. Improve and protect water quality. The development pattern Oklahoma City chooses for the next 5 to 15 The HIA identified 35 measures or indicators that years has the potential to affect water quality in two have the potential to change based on how Oklahoma key ways 1) the number of individual septic systems City grows over the next few decades. Each of these that require regular maintenance; and 2) the amount measures was analyzed for each alternative growth of impervious and manicured surfaces (roofs, paving, scenario being tested as part of the Growth Scenarios and lawns) which contribute pollutants and nutrients to Analysis described in this chapter. Because it is tied to runoff. the Growth Scenarios Analysis, the HIA assumes the same population and job growth for each scenario. Increase access to parks and schools. Having easy access to parks and/or schools and playgrounds provides a community with both gathering places and KEY FINDINGS anD RecOMMENDATIONS opportunities for physical activity. The pattern and design of neighborhoods can influence this access. The HIA process resulted in numerous findings URBAN FARMS AND COMMUNITY GARDENS and recommendations related to improving health G rowing food throughout the city can be an important Increase safety and security. Many factors affect how in Oklahoma City. The following strategies, if component of a healthy local food system. safe people feel in a particular neighborhood or location. implemented, have important components that are Typically places that are well-populated, well-lit, and have very likely to have a noticeable positive impact on the been designed with safety in mind feel inviting and safe. community over the next several years. Reduce occurrences of abandoned buildings. Create more opportunities for walking and biking. Abandoned buildings create a variety of negative The development pattern and variety of uses within consequences impacting the health of neighborhoods and close to neighborhoods strongly influence people’s and their residents. Targeting redevelopment and desire to walk or ride a bike. If the environment feels revitalization efforts on areas with relatively high safe to pedestrians and cyclists and there are useful numbers of abandoned buildings has the potential to destinations within a reasonable distance, many more turn negative impacts into positive outcomes. people will opt to walk or bike, either frequently, or occasionally. This situation offers several key benefits to Increase the variety of housing types in and near public health, including increased physical activity and the inner loop. People are attracted to the features reduced vehicle emissions. and amenities found in more urban neighborhoods of Oklahoma City; however, there is not always desirable housing in those areas. Increasing the amount of high- quality small houses, townhomes, and condos will offer INFILL DEVELOPMENT more households the options they are looking for as R evitalizing older neighborhoods can help reduce they consider relocating in Oklahoma City. occurrences of abandoned structures and increase housing choices throughout our community. 40 Chapter One: Purpose & Process | Supporting Studies and Plans Scenario A Scenario B Scenario C T his chart displays indicators from the HIA Indicator Description Impact Impact Impact and shows the predicted change from existing sustainokc – Land Use conditions to each alternative growth scenario. Land Use Mix indicates a chance for a positive change in Regulatory impacts to walkability = health outcomes connectokc – Transportation Total Reduction in Annual Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) = indicates health outcomes would be about the per capita same as they are now Time Available for Non-Commute Activities = Usage of Transit, Cycling, and Walking for Routine Trips indicates a negative change in health Streets Access to Transit, Bike, and Pedestrian Facilities = outcomes compared to today Cyclist and Pedestrian Safety = The estimated magnitude of change is indicated, Income Available for Non-Transportation Expenditures where appropriate, by multiple arrows – e.g. air greenokc – Environment & Natural Resources quality is predicted to decrease over time due to Proportion of Land with Potential for Farming Use the increase in population; however, Scenario A Proportion of Land Converted from Pervious to Impervious Surface would likely require much more vehicular activity Air Quality than Scenario C. Therefore A shows three Surface and Groundwater Quality = while C shows just one. Average Residential Energy Efficiency = Preservation of Dark Skies (Light Pollution) Quiet Environment (Noise Pollution) = Residential Uses Buffered from Oil or Gas Wells and/or Industrial Uses liveokc – Communities Proportion of Population with Easy Access to Schools Residential Density (net – residential parcels only) Proportion of Population with Easy Access to Healthy Groceries = Social Inclusion of Vulnerable Populations Proportion of Population with Easy Access to Healthcare Facilities enrichokc – Preservation, Appearance, & Culture Redevelopment Potential for Abandoned Buildings Proportion of Population with Easy Access to Cultural Elements = playokc – Parks & Recreation Proportion of Population with Easy Access to Public Parks = Proportion of Population with Easy Access to Private Parks = Proportion of Population with Easy Access to the Trails Network = strengthenokc – Economic Development Proportion of Jobs Paying a Living Wage Housing Affordability by Household Income Bracket Homelessness = serveokc – Public Services Police and Fire Service Efficiency by Zip Code = Safety from DUI Incidents = Public Utility Efficiency (water, sewer, solid waste) Chapter One: Purpose & Process | Supporting Studies and Plans 41 planokc Comprehensive Plan Health Impact Assessment SUMMARY Steering Committee: Claudia Barajas, Latino Community Development Agency Project Lead: Mary Jane Calvey, Real World Management Solutions John Tankard Kristin Culver, MA, MPH, MSW, Oklahoma City-County Health Department City of Oklahoma City Elizabeth Eickman, Kirkpatrick Family Fund Planning Department Nicolle Goodman, Architectural Design Group, Inc. Meredith Gresham, Allied Arts Larry Hopper, AICP, Central Oklahoma Transportation and Parking Authority Practicum Support: Walter Jacques, Oklahoma State Department of Health Corey Reid Beatrice Johnston, YWCA Oklahoma City Oklahoma University Angela Jones, YMCA of Greater Oklahoma City College of Public Health Randle Lee, Oklahoma Alzheimer’s Association Matthew McLarty, Bockus Payne Associates Additional Support Provided by Marisa New, MPH, OTR, Oklahoma State Department of Health City of Oklahoma City Departments: Mary Overall, DBA Overall & Associates Verla Raines, Oklahoma Alzheimer’s Association Planning Department Shane Ryan, Oklahoma City-County Health Department Office of Sustainability 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS p. 3-6 Introduction p. 7-10 sustainokc p. 11-16 connectokc p. 17-24 greenokc p. 25-30 liveokc p. 31-34 enrichokc p. 35-38 playokc p. 39-42 strengthenokc p. 43-48 serveokc p. 49-50 Conclusions “We’ve got to get people out of their cars, out of those drive-thru windows, get them walking, get them in parks and get them more active.” - Mayor Mick Cornett 2 INTRODUCTION planokc Oklahoma City’s comprehensive planning effort comes at a time when there Begun in 2008, planokc will be the City’s new comprehensive plan, guiding is a great deal of interest in the overall health of the city, as well as the changes decision-making that will help to ensure that the City is able to manage the needed to improve health and promote healthy lifestyles. Comprehensive planning impending population growth, while also creating the possibility for a healthier, addresses the expected changes in population growth and how these changes more sustainable, and overall improved standard of living. planokc consists of will impact the economy, the environment, transportation, public infrastructure, planning and policies that will help Oklahoma City to best meet the needs of the public services, culture, housing, and much more. Each of these elements plays existing population (599,199) and the 300,000 new residents projected to live a role in the overall health of a community. Thusly, health – the term – is an inside of the city limits within the next 40 years. overarching concept that has implications for all aspects of life. planokc is segmented into eight major elements: For the purposes of this health impact assessment health refers to both 1. sustainokc – Future Land Use individual