Dissertationes Archaeologicae ex Instituto Archaeologico Universitatis de Rolando Eötvös nominatae Ser. 3. No. 1. Budapest 2013 Dissertationes Archaeologicae ex Instituto Archaeologico Universitatis de Rolando Eötvös nominatae Ser. 3. No. 1. Editor-in-chief: Dávid Bartus Editorial board: László Bartosiewicz László Borhy István Feld Gábor Kalla Pál Raczky Miklós Szabó Tivadar Vida Technical editors: Dávid Bartus Gábor Váczi András Bödőcs Proofreading: ZsóFia Kondé Szilvia Szöllősi Available online at htp://dissarch.elte.hu Contact: [email protected] © Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Archaeological Sciences Budapest 2013 Contents Articles Melinda Torbágyi – István Vida 7 Te coin hoard of Abasár Anikó Bózsa 21 Roman mirrors from a private collection in the Hungarian National Museum Lajos Juhász 45 Te Biesheim cameo – a reinterpretation Methods Péter Csippán 53 Az állatcsont, mint információhordozó leletanyag Kata Dévai 85 Terminológiai alapfogalmak régészeti korú üvegtárgyak elemzéséhez Lőrinc Timár – Zoltán Czajlik – Sándor Puszta – Balázs Holl 113 3D reconstructions using GPR data at the Mont Beuvray Field reports Zsolt Mester 121 Excavation at a new Upper Palaeolithic site of the Eger region (Northern Hungary) László Borhy – Dávid Bartus – Emese Számadó 129 Short report on the excavations at Brigetio (Szőny-Vásártér) in 2013 Dénes Hullám – Zsófa Rácz 141 Report on the participation of the Eötvös Loránd University at the Wielbark Archaeological Field School in Malbork-Wielbark, Poland Gábor Váczi – Dávid Bartus 147 Short report on the excavations at the site Makó – Igási Ugar Maxim Mordovin 153 Short report on the excavations in 2013 of the Department of Hungarian Medieval and Early Modern Archaeology (Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest) Thesis abstracts Kiti Köhler 179 Biological reconstruction of the Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture Gábor Váczi 205 Cultural connections and interactions of Eastern Transdanubia during the Urnfeld period Orsolya Láng 231 Urban problems in the civil town of Aquincum: the so-called „northern band” Nikoleta Sey 251 Qestions of bronze workshops in Roman Pannonia Kata Dévai 259 Glass vessels from Late Roman times found in graves in the Hungarian part of Pannonia Eszter Horváth 275 Gemstone and glass inlaid fne metalwork from the Carpathian Basin: the Hunnic and Early Merovingian Periods Gergely Szenthe 303 Vegetal ornaments in the Late Avar decorative art Péter Langó 321 Relations between the Carpathian Basin and South East Europe during the 10th century. Te evidence of the minor objects Ciprián Horváth 331 Te Cemeteries and Grave Finds of Győr and Moson Counties from the Time of the Hungarian Conquest and the Early Árpádian Age András SóFalvi 339 Te border- and self-defence of Szeklers from the Medieval Age till the Age of Principality. Castles and other defence objects in the setlement history of Udvarhelyszék Cultural connections and interactions of Eastern Transdanubia during the Urnfield period Gábor Váczi Institute of Archaeological Sciences Eötvös Loránd University [email protected] Abstract of PhD thesis submited in 2013 to the Archaeology Doctoral Programme, Doctoral School of History, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest under the supervision of Gábor V. Szabó. Network analysis is one of the fastest growing research areas of our time, which is gaining more and more atention on the felds of mathematics, informatics, biology and sociology when modelling networks of complex connections becomes necessary. Te development of mathematical graph theories already had a great efect on North American archaeology and cultural anthropology in the '70s. First their schools researching Mesopotamia and the Mediterranean integrated methods of system analysis into archaeology. Although re- searches targeting the complex analysis of large archaeological databases have also ap- peared in Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian archaeology in the '80s, signifcant progresses were only made on the feld of statistical methods. In the '90s, with the improvement of net- work editor and analyser programs, applications suitable for examining systems on a com- plex as well as an elementary level became also available for social sciences.1 Meanwhile, Hungarian researchers compiled catalogues of Late Bronz Age artefacts ar- ranged by periods, which prove to be indispensable databases even today, especially for the dating of smaller assemblages and unique fnds.2 Beside detailed typological analyses, the undocumented fnding conditions of depots and hoards do not allow us to draw far-reaching conclusions concerning the ways and reasons of deposition, its role fulflled in the social and economic spheres, and the relations or mechanisms between changes observable in the social structure and bronze usage. Goals of the dissertation In my dissertation I aimed to analyse the cultural connections of a region that is open in the direction of the Bakony Hills, the Tolna Uplands, the bend of the Danube and the Great Hungarian Plain alike, which means that Late Bronze Age communities once living here must have had great communication opportunities (Fig. 1). Finds collected in the Eastern Transdanubian region – originating from burials, hoards and setlements – cover every phase of the Urnfeld period. Bronze items were exclusively involved in the examination. On one hand because of their typological and chronological system that is more specifcable than those of ceramic objects. On the other hand because studies dealing with assemblages 1 1 Brughmans 2010; FurhoLt 2011; Brughmans 2012; Evans – Rivers – Knapett 2012. 1 2 MozsoLics 1985; Kőszegi 1988; MozsoLics 2000. DissArch Ser. 3. No. 1 (2013) 205–230. Gábor Váczi consisting of bronze artefacts provide detailed, useful sources, whereas in the case of ce- ramic fnds rarely occurs a publication that made the whole material analysable. As a conse- quence a database with a size and composition appropriate for statistical analyses can be only set up from studies dealing with bronze fnds. Te following can be highlighted among the most important questions of the dissertation: • Are depots and hoards from uncertain sources – which can be almost considered stray fnds – suitable for researching the changes of interaction networks and con- sumption trends? • Can artefacts of depots and hoards be analysed together with bronze fnds of burials and setlements? • Do all horizons provide a sufcient amount of fnds for statistical analyses, and for the analysis of interaction networks? • If they do, do traditional typochronological frameworks infuence the analyses in a negative or positive way, and how do the results of these analyses adjust to the rela- tive chronological frameworks created by deposition horizons? • What kind of traces did cultural interactions, bronze use and consumption customs lef on the material culture? • Can any similarities or diferences be discerned between regions and periods by the intensity of interactions, or the quality and rate of bronze use? • Can a hierarchy be set up between regions with the help of interaction networks and data concerning bronze use? • Can the expressions of center – periphery – semiperiphrey ofen used in theoretical archaeology be applied in the examination of relations between consumption cen- ters? • Is the signifcance of diferent social strata recognizable in the building and mainte- nance of interaction networks? • Can vertical social diferences be proven on the basis of the results of connection network analyses? • If they can, are connection networks analysable with the use of information gained through bronze fnds in order to diferentiate interactions taking place on the level of ordinary households and the armed elite? Methods applied in the processing of bronze artefacts Te research began with the periodization and typological classifcation of a large amount of bronze artefacts. It had to be taken into consideration during the processing of previously published fnds that 30–40 years had passed since the publishing of these comprehensive works. Studies writen since then changed the chronological position, subtype classifcation and distribution area of several artefacts. In ceratin cases only the dating or the primary ap- pearance area of an artefact was modifed, while in other cases the entire assemblage was classifed to a diferent horizon. 206 Cultural connections and interactions of Eastern Transdanubia during the Urnfeld period Fig. 1. Geographical distribution of the analyzed fnds. 1. Alsószentiván; 2. Baracska-Homokbánya; 3. Biatorbágy; 4. Biatorbágy-Herceghalom; 5. Bölcske-Gyűrűs- völgy; 6. Bölcske-Kéményesi-Duna; 7. Bölcske-Öreg-sziget; 8. Csabdi-Bükköstető; 9. Csákberény-Öreg-tó 1; 10. Csákberény-Öreg-tó 2; 11. Csákberény-Orondpuszta; 12. Csákberény; 13. Dinnyés; 14. Dunaföldvár-Duna; 15. Dunakömlőd; 16. Dunakömlőd-Ürge-hegy; 17. Dunakömlőd-Vörösmalom-völgy; 18. Dunaújváros; 19. Dunaúj- város-Duna; 20. Ercsi-Duna; 21. Kajdacs; 22. Lovasberény; 23. Madocsa-Síkhát; 24. Nadap-jánoshegy; 25. Na- dap-Kőbánya; 26. Nagyvenyim; 27. Ősi-Bírórét; 28. Paks-Duna; 29. Paks-Gyapa-Vörösmalom-völgy; 30. Paks- Gyapa-Külső-dűlő; 31. Pátka-Belterület; 32. Pátka-Kőrakáspuszta; 33. Polgárdi; 34. Pusztaegres-Pusztahatvan; 35. Sárbogárd-Rétszilas; 36. Sárbogárd-Sárszentmiklós; 37. Sárbogárd-Tringer-tanya; 38. Sárvíz-csatorna; 39. Sióagárd-Leányvár; 40. Sióagárd-Sárvíz-part; 41. Soponya-Nagyláng-Kispuszta; 42. Szabadbatyán-Csíkvári pa- tak; 43. Szedres; 44. Székesfehérvár-Szeder utca; 45. Tolna-Mözs; 46. Várpalota. 207 Gábor Váczi Beside the known fnds,