Uttlesford District Council

Local Air Quality Management – Progress Report

April 2008 District Council LAQM Progress Report 2008

Report written by: Katherine Fox-Boudewijn County Council Waste, Recycling and Environment Environmental Strategy County Hall Essex CM1 1QH

On behalf of: Will Cockerell Uttlesford District Council Environmental Health Department Council Offices London Road Safrron Walden CB11 4ER

This report has been compiled as part of the Essex Air Quality Consortium Monitoring Network.

Uttlesford District Council LAQM Progress Report 2008

Contents

1. Introduction ...... 1 Outcomes of previous Review and Assessments for Uttlesford ...... 1 2. Monitoring data ...... 2 Nitrogen dioxide ...... 4 Particulates (PM10) ...... 4 3. Emission sources...... 6 New Developments ...... 6 4. Planning and Policies ...... 8 5. Local Transport Plan ...... 8 6. Summary and Conclusions ...... 8

Tables

Table 2.1: Summary of monitoring results for 2007 ...... 2 Table 2.2: Summary of monitoring results for Takeley 2007 ...... 2 Table 2.3: Summary of monitoring results for St Giles, Gt Hallingbury (mobile site) July – December 2007 ...... 3 3 Table 2.4 NO2 Diffusion tube monitoring results 2002 - 2007 (in µg/m ), with bias adjustment applied. 2010 projected from 2007 ...... 3 Table 2.5: Bias adjustment factors 2002-2007 ...... 3 Table 3.1 Industrial Emission Sources in Uttlesford ...... 6 Table 3.1contd. Industrial Emission Sources in Uttlesford ...... 7

Figures

Figure 2.1: Location of monitoring sites in Uttlesford ...... 5

Appendix

Maps of declared AQMAs in Uttlesford

Uttlesford District Council LAQM Progress Report 2008

1. Introduction

This Progress Report is a requirement of the Environment Act 1995, Part IV, which places a duty on local authorities to periodically review and assess air quality within their location. The Progress Report follows on from the second Updating and Screening Assessment (USA) which was carried out in 2006 as part of the third round of Review and Assessment.

The objective of the Progress Report is to provide continuity in the Local Air Quality Management process by reporting any potential changes in air quality that may occur between the three yearly review and assessments of air quality.

This report has been compiled with reference to the Progress Report Guidance (LAQM.PRG(03)) which was published by DeFRA in 2003. It presents information which has been collated since the production of the USA report, including: air quality monitoring data, information about emission sources and any proposed developments which have the potential to affect air quality in the District.

Outcomes of previous Review and Assessments for Uttlesford

Uttlesford District Council undertook their First Round of review and assessment, including Stage 1 and 2 reports, between 1998 – 1999. The main air quality issues were found to be emissions of NO2 and PM10 from vehicles on the M11 and A120. It was predicted that all of the air quality objectives would be achieved and that it was therefore not necessary to declare any Air Quality Management Areas (AQMA) for any pollutant.

The second USA reconsidered the seven health based air quality objectives and concluded that there was no risk of exceedence. Therefore, a detailed assessment was not required.

The third USA in 2006 reconsidered the seven health based air quality objectives and concluded that there was a risk of exceedence relating to NO2. Therefore a Detailed Assessment was completed and three Air Quality Management Areas were declared within Saffron Walden (see Appendix).

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2. Monitoring data

Uttlesford District Council has been measuring air quality in the District since 1998 using two automatic air quality monitoring stations. One is located in Saffron Walden and measures concentrations of oxides of nitrogen and PM10. The second site is located in Takeley and measures concentrations of oxides of nitrogen, PM10 and ozone. Uttlesford District Council also uses a mobile monitoring station to measure air quality. The monitor was moved to St Giles, in July 2007. The two fixed sites are classified as urban background and the location of the monitoring stations is shown in figure 2.1.

In addition to the continuous monitoring, there are 19 nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes located in the district. The tubes are supplied and analysed by Gradko using the 50% TEA in Acetone preparation method.

The results of the monitoring programmes are summarised in tables 2.1 to 2.4 below.

Table 2.1: Summary of monitoring results for Saffron Walden 2007 Pollutant Statistic 2007 Nitrogen dioxide Annual mean ( g/m3) 25.7 Max. 1 hour mean 248.7 Exceedances of hourly 1 objective Data capture 85.1%

Particles (PM10) Annual mean 17.6 Max. 24 hour mean 87.6 Exceedances of 24 hour mean 14 objective Data capture 83.7

Table 2.2: Summary of monitoring results for Takeley 2007 Pollutant Statistic 2007 Nitrogen dioxide Annual mean ( g/m3) 19.6 Max. 1 hour mean 84.2 Exceedances of hourly 0 objective Data capture 39.3

Particles (PM10) Annual mean 18.2 Max. 24 hour mean 69.0 Exceedances of 24 hour mean 4 objective Data capture 78.7 Italics: less than 75% data capture

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Table 2.3: Summary of monitoring results for St Giles, Gt Hallingbury (mobile site) July – December 2007 Pollutant Statistic 2007 Nitrogen Dioxide Annual mean ( g/m3) 23.4

Particles (PM10) Annual mean 17.8

3 Table 2.4 NO2 Diffusion tube monitoring results 2002 - 2007 (in µg/m ), with bias adjustment applied. 2010 projected from 2007 Site name 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2010 High Street 1 45.3 44.6 40.1 43.6 38.7 37.1 33.0 Gibson Gardens 3 15.7 18.0 18.9 16.6 16.6 16.0 14.2 YHA 4 38.9 42.3 43.2 44.6 40.9 36.2 32.2 East Street 5 37.8 43.4 46.7 46.9 42.3 42.9 38.5 Airport 1 28.6 29.7 26.1 25.5 22.7 Airport 2 28.0 29.1 26.2 25.8 23.0 Stansted 20.5 18.4 19.3 20.2 18.2 16.5 14.6 Hallingbury 30.1 35.8 32.8 33.3 30.7 28.1 25.0 Burton End 36.7 38.4 41.5 45.9 39.2 40.1 35.7 Newport 24.5 31.0 31.5 32.8 28.3 26.9 24.0 33, High Street 11 33.8 34.6 30.8 1, Church Street 12 27.1 27.6 24.6 39-41 East Street 13 30.9 31.6 28.2 Hill House, High Street 27.2 25.0 22.2 14 Takeley Hill 15 16.3 14.5 Elman’s Green 16 16.9 15.0 South Gate 17 14.9 13.3

Technical guidance recommends the co-location of diffusion tubes with an automatic analyser in order to obtain a local bias adjustment factor. To date there has been no co-location of diffusion tubes, therefore the default bias adjustment factors have been applied, as listed below. However, triplicate co- location at the Saffron Walden automatic monitoring site commenced in January 2008, with a view to providing a local bias adjustment for future monitoring results.

Table 2.5: Bias adjustment factors 2002-2007 Year Factor DEFRA helpdesk 2002 1.27  2003 1.11  2004 1.1  2005 1.18  2006 1.01  2007 0.93 

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Nitrogen dioxide Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide at the three continuous monitoring sites are well below objective limits. The highest concentration of 25.7 gm-3 was measured at the Saffron Walden site. Monitoring data was only available for a 5 month period at Takeley due to instrument failure and a 6 month period at the Hallingbury mobile site, due to a change of location of the mobile equipment.

Diffusion tube monitoring results show that there were two exceedances of the annual mean in 2007. One of these was in an existing AQMA, and one was at the Burton End site near Stansted. The Council is continuing to monitor the Burton End site, although there is no requirement to carry out a Detailed Assessment as the site does not represent relevant exposure.

Particulates (PM10) Concentrations of PM10 at the three continuous monitoring sites were well below objective limits during 2007. There were no exceedences of the 24 hour mean objective at any of the sites. Monitoring data was only available for a 5 month period at Takeley due to instrument failure and a 6 month period at the Hallingbury mobile site, due to a change of location of the mobile equipment.

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Figure 2.1: Location of monitoring sites in Uttlesford

Reproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey® on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. ©Crown Copyright. Licence number LA100019602

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3. Emission sources

When the Updating and Screening Assessment was carried out in 2006, there were no Part A industrial sources and 21 Part B industrial sources (of which, 11 were petrol stations) in the District of Uttlesford. Since the 2006 USA 3 processes have ceased to operate, 10 new processes have commenced and 4 A1 processes have commenced. These are listed in Table 3.1.

New Developments

BAA has submitted the G2 planning application for Stansted Airport’s proposed second runway. This proposal for expansion at Stansted Airport will require an Environmental Assessment, which will include consideration of air quality. In addition, Stansted Airport is obligated to carry out an air quality monitoring programme including diffusion tubes and real time monitoring. The application is open for comments until June 2008. Any relevant studies will be reported in future Progress Reports.

Table 3.1 Industrial Emission Sources in Uttlesford PROCESS NAME PROCESS TYPE PG NOTE NOTES Printpack Europe Flexible packaging printer 6/17 A2 RMC Ready Mix Bulk cement process 3/1 Acrow Galvanising Hot dip galvanising 2/2 A2 Roding Motor Services Small waste oil burner 1/1 Tyre Mart Small waste oil burner 1/1 Tom Sim Joinery Wood coating 6/33 ceased Station Coachworks Vehicle respraying 6/34 R B Haigh Mobile concrete crushing & screening (2) 6/16 Easton Plant Mobile concrete crushing 6/16 E. Corr Loppingdales Mobile concrete crushing 6/16 Q8 Stansted Unloading Petrol 1/14 Tesco Stores Saffron Walden Unloading Petrol 1/14 Tesco Stores Unloading Petrol 1/14 Welcome Break, Unloading Petrol 1/14 Starthill Service Stn, Gt Hallingbury Unloading Petrol 1/14 Takeley Service Station Unloading Petrol 1/14 ceased Saracens Filling Station, Unloading Petrol 1/14 Total, Stansted Unloading Petrol 1/14 Shire Hill Garage, Saffron Walden Unloading Petrol 1/14 Central Garage, Newport Unloading Petrol 1/14 ceased Stansted Airport North Side Unloading Petrol 1/14 New BP Service Station Unloading Petrol 1/14 process New Dunmow Convenience Store Unloading Petrol 1/14 process New Tarmac Concrete Batching process New Avis Rent A Car Ltd Unloading Petrol 1/14 process

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Table 3.1contd. Industrial Emission Sources in Uttlesford PROCESS NAME PROCESS TYPE PG NOTE NOTES New Hertz (UK) Ltd Unloading Petrol 1/14 process New Europcar Ltd Unloading Petrol 1/14 process New Airline Services Ltd Dry Cleaners 6/46 process New Barkers of Dunmow Dry Cleaners 6/46 process New Saffron Walden Laundry Co Ltd Dry Cleaners 6/46 process New Suit-Ability Dry Cleaners 6/46 process Biffa Waste Services Landfill A1 Brett Waste Management Landfill A1 Molecular Products Catalyst Processing A1 Carr and Bircher Products Ltd Landfill A1

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4. Planning and Policies

Uttlesford District Council’s Local Plan (adopted 2005) provides conditions to protect the local environmental quality and protect human health. In particular, Policy ENV13 – Exposure to Poor Air Quality states that:

‘Development that would involve users being exposed on an extended long- term basis to poor air quality outdoors near ground level will not be permitted. A zone 100 metres on either side of the central reservation of the M11 and a zone 35 metres either side of the centre of the new A120 have been identified on the proposals map as particular areas to which this policy applies.’

5. Local Transport Plan

Uttlesford is covered by the Essex County Council Local Transport Plan. There are a number of general measures in the Essex LTP which are aimed at reducing the impact of road transport on air quality.

The Council is working in partnership with the Development, Highways and Transportation department of Essex County Council to ensure that new traffic management schemes consider the potential impact on air quality, with particular emphasis on the declared AQMAs. Additional air quality monitoring programmes are being introduced as part of the monitoring requirements of the LTP.

6. Summary and Conclusions

The Progress Report shows that Uttlesford District has declared three Air Quality Management Areas in Saffron Walden town, progress of which will be reported in future updates.

The District Council is working in partnership with key stakeholders to ensure that the air quality in Uttlesford remains below objective limits and continues to improve.

The next air quality report to be prepared and submitted to DeFRA will be the 2009 Updating and Screening Assessment.

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Appendix 1: Maps of declared AQMAs in Uttlesford

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